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571:, the most important commercial centre in Scotland at the time. When the Guardians threw down the gauntlet to Edward, he arrived at the walls of Berwick with 5,000 Cavalry and 30,000 Infantry. There followed one of the most brutal episodes in British history, the Sack of Berwick. The English army took the town by storm on
439:. King Edward had provided a handsome dowry from her husband's English lands following his death. He had also possessed lands in five counties in Scotland, and Eleanor had come north to collect her rents. Rather than despoliate the land and the castle, Douglas contented himself by abducting Eleanor and removing her to
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for the
English to take retribution. Bruce swept into Douglasdale at the king's order. However, young Bruce, who was twenty-two years old at the time, stated, "I must join my own people and the nation in which I was born." He then was joined by the men of Douglas and Lady Douglas, proceeding to join
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failed to attend and were proclaimed defaulters. Douglas attended the second parliament of King John, but was imprisoned again for failing to comply with royal officers enforcing a judgement against him, and imprisoning said officers in
Douglas Castle. In prison, Douglas was duty bound to be at his
459:
to seize all
Douglas possessions in that county and to apprehend Douglas and Wishart if the chance arose. Edward also demanded that the Guardians of Scotland immediately arrest Douglas and deliver him and Eleanor to his pleasure. The Guardians did not respond. Douglas was connected to two of the
609:
in common with the majority of the Scots nobility. Within days of his swearing his new oath of Fealty to Edward, Douglas was restored to his lands in
Scotland, but not those in England. To add salt to the wound, Douglas' Land at Fawdon and others in Northumberland were made over to his old foe
527:
By the end of 1291, Douglas had fallen again into disfavour and had his lands of
Douglasdale forfeited to the English King. Edward appointed his own baronial officers and made one Master Eustace de Bikerton, Parson of St Bride's Kirk, the spiritual home and burying ground of the Douglases.
339:
Douglas' father, Longleg died at some point c. 1274 and there is some confusion as to whether his eldest son Hugh predeceased him, however
William le Hardi was certainly in possession of his estates by the end of the decade. Douglas was knighted before 1288, when he was called upon by
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under the leadership of
William Douglas, gave themselves up to the mercy of King Edward. The garrison were freed and were allowed to march out of the castle with their arms, but Douglas was imprisoned and the last of his estates in Essex forfeit. (Douglas' two-year-old son
641:
had started his campaign and Andrew de Moray had begun a campaign in the north, starting with retaking his father's castle. Douglas was summoned to attend King Edward in London on 7 July 1297, with fifty other barons to accompany him on an expedition to
516:. At Norham, in June 1291, the Guardians accepted King Edward as Lord Paramount of Scotland. Whilst the negotiations were progressing, regarding the choice of the next King of Scots, Edward was staying with Sir Walter de Lindsay at Thurston Manor, near
751:(the latter three his brothers in law). By the time Sir Andrew de Moray and William Wallace won their great victory at Stirling, Sir William the Hardy was again Edward's prisoner at Berwick Castle; staying in what was now called 'Douglas Tower'.
331:. Fraser also concedes that there is no existing evidence left to verify this, except the reference in Godscroft's work. However, by that time the father was already in his fifties which makes his going seem less plausible as well.
488:, William de Rye and Robert Bardulf. He was in favour with Edward again and he and Wishart had their Northumbrian lands restored to them. Eleanor Douglas was fined £100 sterling, and by way of payment had some of her manors in
480:. His imprisonment does not appear to have been unduly harsh, he was released by the spring of 1290 when his wife Eleanor posted bail for his release with four manucaptors in May 1290, these four knights, all her cousins, were
661:. Douglas refused and joined company with Wallace. Most Scots magnates thought that Wallace was beneath their dignity, but Douglas had no such compunction. He was the first nobleman to join with
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to the inhabitants. The slaughter lasted for two days and the estimated death toll was between 7,500 and 8,500 men women and children. Appalled and after a resolute defence, the garrison of
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Upset at the humiliations heaped upon John
Balliol and the ineffectiveness of his rule, a new Guardianship was created in 1295. These men concluded a treaty at Paris and ratified it at
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William
Douglas was imprisoned and fined for the abduction, but also granted permission to marry his captive. Eleanor and Douglas were wed soon afterwards. King Edward and ordered the
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Following
Wallace's success at Stirling Bridge the English fled Berwick on Tweed with Douglas and another Scottish prisoner Thomas de Morham; both were later committed to the
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633:, a large section of the Scots nobility were languishing in prison in England. The countryside was fomenting and there was talk of a new champion for the Scots people,
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427:, feudal superior of the barony of Tranent. Within the Castle was Zouche's wife Eleanor, and another woman named Eleanor, the widow wife of William de Ferrers of
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is mistaken about the William Douglas that went crusading, and suggests that it is this William Douglas, the son the rather than the father, who accompanied
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was a brother-in-law of Eleanor de Lovaine. Furthermore, the Guardians may not have reacted well to the peremptory nature of the English king's request.
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443:. No one has ever explained how he mysteriously managed to remove her from within a castle under siege which was not taken by his forces.
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where the two liberated the English treasury. With that booty Wallace financed further rebellion. Wallace joined his forces with that of
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290:. In 1264, Longleg was acquitted of withholding rents by a jury, but Umfraville notwithstanding attacked Fawdon, imprisoned Longleg at
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Douglas was imprisoned in the Hog's Tower at Berwick castle and stayed there until gaining his freedom by appending his seal to the
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785:(also known as Good Sir James and the Black Douglas, ancestor of the "Black Douglases", including the 3rd to 9th Earls of Douglas).
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and made off with some £100 sterling of goods. William Douglas was seriously injured in the fight defending his father's home.
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was declared King of Scots on 17 November 1292, and called his first parliament on 10 February 1293. Douglas along with
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However, Douglas seems to have fallen into the hands of the English monarch in early 1290 and was confined at
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The third time Douglas was held a prisoner of King Edward, was after 9 July 1297 when he was accused by Sir
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lands in Essex, in order to provide service for Edward, his failure cost him £20 sterling in fines.
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Gilbert de Umfraville, Earl of Angus, Douglas had no reluctance in joining the patriotic party.
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on 12 October 1297 with Douglas meeting his end there on 24 January 1298 due to mistreatment.
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of breaking his covenant of peace with Edward that was agreed to in the document known as the
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818:(ancestor of the "Red Douglas" Earls of Angus, Marquesses of Douglas and Duke of Douglas).
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403:. Elizabeth Stewart appears to have died before the end of 1288, possibly in childbirth.
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to him. Douglas' father William Longleg was also Lord of Fawdon, and had as his superior
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435:. Eleanor Ferrers was the daughter of Matthew de Lovaine, a great grandson himself of
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When Edward heard of Douglas' supposed treason he commanded the future King of Scots
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Douglas' seal is on the Treaty of Salisbury approving the putative marriage between
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In 1289, Douglas requested the release of certain family charters from Richard,
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fought on 11 September 1297. They were joined by other patriots such as
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and it is supposed by his possible second wife, Constance Battail of
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Scott, Ronald McNair, Robert the Bruce, King of the Scots, pp 41–42
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567:. Douglas siding with his countrymen, was appointed Governor of
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The Black Douglases-War and Lordship in Late Medieval Scotland
18:
700:, with a contingent of Douglases at the national muster at
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Douglas Richardson, Royal Ancestry, Vol. III, p. 145-147
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William the Hardy was twice married and had three sons.
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The history of the House and Race of Douglas and Angus
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Knight known as John Wishart surrounded the Castle of
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had been taken into ward by the Sheriff of Essex at
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888:. Edinburgh: David Douglas. p. 140 Vol III.
617:was granted in 1389 to Douglas' great-grandson,
356:. Abernethy died in custody despite attempts by
46:but its sources remain unclear because it lacks
776:Alexander Stewart, 4th High Steward of Scotland
397:Alexander Stewart, 4th High Steward of Scotland
681:and together they led the patriot army in the
325:in 1270, as recorded by John of Fordun in his
559:between the Kingdoms of Scotland, France and
8:
425:Alan la Zouche, 1st Baron la Zouche of Ashby
348:. Abernethy had been party to the murder of
1138:People of the Wars of Scottish Independence
462:James Stewart, 5th High Steward of Scotland
395:Douglas had married Elizabeth, daughter of
1143:Scottish people who died in prison custody
1084:, 8 Vols., Edinburgh, D. Douglas, 1904–14.
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665:in 1297 in rebellion; combining forces at
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77:Learn how and when to remove this message
540:Aonghus Mór mac Domhnaill, Lord of Islay
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520:, when William Douglas paid an oath of
1108:People from Douglas, South Lanarkshire
739:, where Douglas was in the company of
486:Nicholas de Segrave, 1st Baron Segrave
367:. These charters had been kept at the
799:William de Ferrers, 5th Earl of Derby
433:William de Ferrers, 5th Earl of Derby
411:Later in 1288, William Douglas and a
296:Ita quod fere amputaverunt caput ejus
278:in 1256, when his father made over a
7:
613:The Umfravilles' latterly forfeited
288:Gilbert de Umfraville, Earl of Angus
1074:, II Vols. Freemantle, London 1902.
592:, one of the forfeited properties)
319:David I Strathbogie, Earl of Atholl
321:, and other Scots nobility on the
14:
1072:A History of the House of Douglas
801:and great-great-granddaughter of
619:George Douglas, 1st Earl of Angus
563:, that would become known as the
482:John Hastings, 1st Baron Hastings
1148:Prisoners in the Tower of London
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399:, by whom he had his eldest son
300:So as to nearly cut off his head
264:William Longleg, Lord of Douglas
234:Sir William Douglas "le Hardi" (
210:William Longleg, Lord of Douglas
122:William Longleg, Lord of Douglas
23:
1113:Nobility from South Lanarkshire
536:Robert de Brus, Earl of Carrick
466:Alexander Comyn, Earl of Buchan
262:William Douglas was the son of
1153:13th-century Scottish nobility
524:to him in the chapel there.
1:
714:Robert Bruce, Earl of Carrick
437:Godfrey III, Count of Louvain
270:. He first is recorded at an
16:Scottish nobleman and soldier
736:Capitulation at Irving Water
708:Bruce raid on Douglas Castle
496:taken by the crown in 1296.
464:was his brother-in-law, and
156:24 January 1298 (aged 54-55)
743:, Alexander de Lindsay and
625:Uprising of William Wallace
350:Donnchadh III, Earl of Fife
313:puts forward a theory that
243:(1243 – circa 1298) was a
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1133:House of Douglas and Angus
774:By Elizabeth, daughter of
371:, a daughter house of the
145:Douglas, South Lanarkshire
884:Paul, Sir James Balfour.
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683:Battle at Stirling Bridge
447:Reaction to the abduction
423:. The castle was held by
229:Arms of William the Hardy
112:Seal of William the Hardy
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100:
1056:Hume of Godscroft, David
1050:IV vols. Edinburgh 1885.
1031:Chronica Gentis Scotorum
990:Scots Peerage, III, p140
506:Margaret, Maid of Norway
328:Chronica Gentis Scotorum
32:This article includes a
544:John, Earl of Caithness
315:David Hume of Godscroft
61:more precise citations.
725:Capitulation of Irvine
721:the rebels at Irvine.
702:Irvine, North Ayrshire
360:to have him released.
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907:Maxwell, Vol I, p. 21
816:Sir Archibald Douglas
803:Godfrey III of Leuven
797:, daughter-in-law of
354:Guardians of Scotland
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196:Sir Archibald Douglas
1068:Maxwell, Sir Herbert
898:Fraser, vol I, p. 62
826:Baronage of Scotland
510:Edward of Caernarfon
478:Knaresborough Castle
369:Priory of Lesmahagow
282:of land at Warndon,
1044:Fraser, Sir William
1006:Fraser, vol I, p104
949:Fraser, vol I, p103
716:, then governor of
663:Sir William Wallace
358:Edward I of England
276:Newcastle-upon-Tyne
219:Constance of Fawdon
1082:James Balfour Paul
1038:. Edinburgh 1871.
1022:, East Linton 1998
917:Fraser, vol I, p73
852:c. 1274 – c. 1298
791:Eleanor de Lovaine
569:Berwick upon Tweed
472:First Imprisonment
407:Eleanor de Lovaine
311:Sir William Fraser
231:
183:Eleanor de Lovaine
34:list of references
1078:The Scots Peerage
864:
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858:Sir James Douglas
855:Succeeded by
835:William "Longleg"
783:Sir James Douglas
690:Bishop of Glasgow
652:Count of Flanders
575:1296 and gave no
514:Treaty of Birgham
391:Elizabeth Stewart
380:Dominus de Duglas
352:, one of the six
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53:Please help
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1103:1298 deaths
1098:1243 births
741:Robert Brus
675:Scone Abbey
605:Ragman Roll
597:Ragman Roll
573:Good Friday
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1092:Categories
867:References
692:, and the
673:and later
258:Early life
236:"the Bold"
147:, Scotland
671:Durisdeer
639:Elderslie
518:Innerwick
386:Marriages
178:Spouse(s)
161:, England
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40:, or
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238:),
1094::
1058:,
1046:,
1028:,
995:^
805::
778::
704:.
669:,
650:,
621:.
542:,
538:,
484:,
254:.
44:,
36:,
1070:,
812:,
607:,
298:(
80:)
74:(
69:)
65:(
51:.
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