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years) and 17 cubs. Eight adult females were observed with 1–2 cubs during the study. Utilizing
Bayesian spatial capture-recapture models, the population density of leopards in Wilpattu National Park was estimated to be 18 leopards per 100 km. The mean abundance (N) within the effectively sampled area was calculated to be 144 leopards. Notably, the national park maintains a healthy sex ratio of male to female leopards, estimated to be 1:2.03.
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A second, more extensive camera trap survey was conducted from May to
September 2018 by Samarasinghe et al. (2022), covering a substantial area of the national park, approximately 660 km, and capturing a total of 133 individual leopards. This count comprised 116 independent leopards (aged over 2
636:
in accordance to their ethnic cleansing policy who had returned to their original villages. Notably, the park was extended to the current size in 1999 after the ethnic cleansing where the old villages were marked as part of the park as claimed by the people in this area. Aerial images taken in 2018
631:
After the end of the civil war, allegations had been made that parts of the reserve has been occupied to build houses by certain politicians in an attempt to create Muslim colonies in
Wilpattu. The multiple civil societies and researchers put forth the notion that these were people who had been
308:, before being reopened to visitors sixteen years later. Visitor access is currently limited to approximately 25% of the park, the remainder of which is dense forest or scrub. Popular visiting periods span between the months of February and October, although there are a number of private
289:) population. A remote camera survey conducted in Wilpattu from July to October 2015 by the Wilderness and Wildlife Conservation Trust captured photographs of forty-nine individual leopards in the surveyed area, the core area density of which was between that of
263:. The unique feature of this park is the existence of "Willus" (natural lakes) – natural, sand-rimmed water basins or depressions that fill with rainwater. Located on the northwest coast lowland dry zone of Sri Lanka, the park is 30 km (19 mi) west of
336:
now known as
Kudrimalai Point (Horse Point), established the Sinhalese kingdom in Tambapanni and founded the Sinhala nation. In 1905 the area was designated a sanctuary and in 1938 it was upgraded to the National Park status.'
1145:
Samarasinghe, Dinal J. S.; Wikramanayake, Eric D.; Gopalaswamy, Arjun M.; Jayewardene, Rukshan; Kumara, Jehan; Fernando, Javana; Gunawardene, Kithsiri; Alexander, Justine Shanti; Braczkowski, Alexander (2022-09-01).
614:
in the east. On
October 10, 2012, the government published several gazettes (section 3 of the forest conservation ordinance, chapter 451) which effectively extended the park's boundary to include regions of the
279:. Nearly one hundred and six lakes (Willu) and tanks are found spread throughout Wilpattu. Wilpattu is the largest and one of the oldest national parks in Sri Lanka. Wilpattu is world-renowned for its
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498:) along with many species of owls, terns, gulls, eagles, kites buzzards are to be found at Wilpattu National Park. Wetland bird species that can be seen in Wilpattu are the
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619:. The expansion of the Wilpattu National Park boundary in 2012 is considered a significant obstacle for internally displaced people, particularly those affected by the
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is about 1,000 mm (39 in) and the annual temperature is about 27.2 °C (81.0 °F). Inter-monsoonal rains in March and the
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reputedly shows that a considerable portion of the forest has been opened up and a large number of small houses being built in the area.
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1105:"Edge effects and distribution of prey forage resources influence how an apex predator utilizes Sri Lanka's largest protected area"
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in 47 AD, who was blown off course by the monsoon. The local king later sent his own envoys to Rome during the time of Pliny.
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275:). The park is 1,317 km (508 sq mi) (131,693 hectares) in area and ranges from 0–152 m (0–499 ft)
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1148:"Evidence for a critical leopard conservation stronghold from a large protected landscape on the island of Sri Lanka"
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There are many types of vegetation to be found in
Wilpattu, including littoral vegetation, such as
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From
December 1988 to 16 March 2003, the park was closed due to security concerns surrounding the
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Denying the right to return : resettlement in Musali South and the
Wilpattu controversy
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have been identified within
Wilpattu national park. Mammals that are identified as
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1412:"Muslims Caged In Musali". Colombo Telegraph. 2017-04-09. Retrieved 2021-04-26.
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1294:"Some aspects of the behaviour of muntjacs in Wilpattu National Park"
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The boundary of the
Wilpattu national park originally enclosed the
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The most common reptiles found in the park are the monitor lizard (
351:
1103:
Kittle, A. M.; Watson, A. C.; Samaranayake, P. K. L. (May 2021).
1269:"Future of the displaced in Musali South – Ilankai Tamil Sangam"
380:
and low scrub monsoon forest with tall emergents, such as palu (
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1593:
474:), mongoose, mouse and shrew are more of Wilpattu's residents.
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Expulsion of Muslims from the Northern Province of Sri Lanka
1510:"The Wilpattu Controversy: Open Letter to the President"
368:(December – February) are the main sources of rainfall.
340:
Kudrimalai, or Horse Point, was visited by a subject of
645:
Photographs of animals taken within the national park.
1462:"Contested Conservation, Ethnopolitics, and the State"
1220:"Separating The Issues Concerning Muslim Resettlement"
1914:
Protected areas in North Western Province, Sri Lanka
1909:
Protected areas in North Central Province, Sri Lanka
1447:"The Controversy of Wilpattu – Ilankai Tamil Sangam"
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271:(approximately 180 km (110 mi) north of
426:living within the Wilpattu National Park are the
1545:"New developments in deforestation of Wilpattu"
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1373:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
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623:by the LTTE to return to their homeland.
634:forcibly driven away by the LTTE in 1990
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58:One of the many trails within the park
267:and 26 km (16 mi) north of
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1524:"Wilpattu deforestation controversy"
1426:"Wilpattu deforestation controversy"
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1904:Protected areas established in 1938
192:Department of Wildlife Conservation
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1076:"Wilpattu Ramsar Wetland Cluster"
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183:25 December 1938 (National park)
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52:
1557:from the original on 2021-12-21
1152:Global Ecology and Conservation
594:) and the soft shelled turtle (
214:Wilpattu Ramsar Wetland Cluster
176:
113:
18:Wilpattu Ramsar Wetland Cluster
1:
747:Orange-breasted green pigeon
1894:National parks of Sri Lanka
1164:10.1016/j.gecco.2022.e02173
528:Threskiornis malanocephalus
295:Horton Plains National Park
1930:
1466:Conservation & Society
1339:H., Hasbullah, S. (2015).
1292:BARRETTE, Cyrille (1977).
817:Indian paradise flycatcher
440:Melursus ursinus inornatus
253:විල්පත්තු ජාතික වනෝද්යානය
27:National park in Sri Lanka
1899:Ramsar sites in Sri Lanka
1838:
1389:"Muslims Caged In Musali"
1083:Sites Information Service
789:Chestnut-headed bee-eater
602:Expansion of the boundary
252:
238:
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181:1905 (Wildlife sanctuary)
63:
51:
37:
1310:10.1515/mamm.1977.41.1.1
859:Black-capped kingfisher
691:White-bellied sea eagle
432:Elephas maximus maximus
328:records that in 543 BC
1585:Wilpattu National Park
530:), large white egret (
464:Rusa unicolor unicolor
448:Panthera pardus kotiya
357:
286:Panthera pardus kotiya
245:Wilpattu National Park
84:Wilpattu National Park
33:Wilpattu National Park
1587:at Wikimedia Commons
1460:Köpke, Sören (2021).
1245:"Survey Online Store"
1027:Sri Lankan sloth bear
845:Changeable hawk-eagle
831:Crested serpent eagle
803:Green imperial pigeon
775:Asian green bee-eater
761:Blue-tailed bee-eater
733:Malabar pied hornbill
677:Sri Lankan junglefowl
612:Anuradhapura District
592:Melanonchelys trijuga
492:Sri Lankan junglefowl
472:Axis axis ceylonensis
389:Chloroxylon swietenia
355:
1479:10.4103/cs.cs_19_113
1196:"Project Expedition"
1041:Sri Lankan axis deer
570:Crocodylus palustris
532:Egretta alba modesta
515:Dendrocygna javanica
312:groups that conduct
306:Sri Lankan Civil War
999:Sri Lankan elephant
985:Terrestrial animals
561:Varanus bengalensis
520:Platalea leucorodia
512:), whistling teal (
188:Governing body
150: /
1200:Project Expedition
1109:Journal of Zoology
1055:Tufted gray langur
1013:Sri Lankan leopard
964:Indian rock python
719:Black-winged stilt
584:), Indian python (
424:threatened species
383:Manilkara hexandra
358:
356:Marshy vegetation.
291:Yala National Park
227:Reference no.
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1875:
1794:
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1684:Lahugala Kitulana
1583:Media related to
1393:Colombo Telegraph
1352:978-955-7902-00-5
1249:www.survey.gov.lk
1224:Colombo Telegraph
1121:10.1111/jzo.12870
705:Crested treeswift
617:northern province
610:in the south and
608:Puttalam District
596:Lissemys punctata
572:), common cobra (
524:black-headed ibis
486:, the open bill,
400:Drypetes sepiaria
366:northeast monsoon
242:
241:
115:Nearest city
16:(Redirected from
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1889:IUCN Category II
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1512:. 31 March 2017.
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496:Gallus lafayetii
488:little cormorant
405:Diospyros ebenum
342:Emperor Claudius
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41:
40:IUCN category
36:
31:
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1843:Anawilundawa
1828:Ramsar sites
1728:
1669:Horowpathana
1659:Flood Plains
1649:Chundikkulam
1639:Angammedilla
1577:
1561:30 September
1559:. Retrieved
1548:
1539:
1529:30 September
1527:. Retrieved
1518:
1504:
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1469:
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1429:. Retrieved
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1395:. 2017-04-09
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1272:
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1248:
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1226:. 2015-06-01
1223:
1214:
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1199:
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1155:
1151:
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1079:
1070:
887:Cattle egret
873:Brown shrike
644:
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265:Anuradhapura
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123:Anuradhapura
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1709:Somawathiya
1304:(1): 1–34.
411:Alseodaphne
360:The annual
178:Established
173:1,316.671km
157: /
133:Coordinates
107:provinces,
1883:Categories
1858:Madu Ganga
1699:Maduru Oya
1694:Madhu Road
1399:2021-04-26
1278:2021-04-25
1273:sangam.org
1254:2021-04-25
1230:2021-04-25
1205:2021-02-07
1158:: e02173.
1062:References
901:Grey heron
509:Anas acuta
436:sloth bear
402:), ebony (
398:), weera (
392:), milla (
378:salt grass
334:Tambapanni
332:landed at
310:ecotourism
219:Designated
1832:Sri Lanka
1781:Hikkaduwa
1755:Horagolla
1724:Wasgamuwa
1719:Ussangoda
1714:Udawalawe
1704:Minneriya
1625:Sri Lanka
1496:232023641
1369:cite book
1361:986423834
1318:0025-1461
1182:2351-9894
1129:0952-8369
575:Naja naja
326:Mahavansa
261:Sri Lanka
109:Sri Lanka
1868:Wilpattu
1863:Vankalai
1743:Wet zone
1729:Wilpattu
1674:Kaudulla
1632:Dry zone
1555:Archived
1488:26979978
1326:85200104
1298:Mammalia
1088:25 April
936:Reptiles
554:Reptiles
500:garganey
428:elephant
362:Rainfall
269:Puttalam
127:Puttalam
97:Location
1848:Bundala
1664:Gal Oya
1644:Bundala
1550:YouTube
641:Gallery
444:leopard
420:mammals
348:Climate
320:History
314:safaris
281:leopard
273:Colombo
255:) is a
249:Sinhala
145:80°00′E
1853:Kumana
1769:Marine
1679:Kumana
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460:sambar
450:) and
142:8°26′N
119:Mannar
1654:Delft
1492:S2CID
1484:JSTOR
1322:S2CID
649:Birds
478:Birds
1734:Yala
1563:2018
1531:2018
1433:2018
1375:link
1357:OCLC
1347:ISBN
1314:ISSN
1178:ISSN
1125:ISSN
1090:2018
482:The
324:The
230:2095
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