600:
57:
490:
397:. Some scholars have doubted this claim, while others believe it may be true. There is some similarity between the chroniclers' description of the Round Table and a custom recorded in Celtic stories, in which warriors sit in a circle around the king or lead warrior, in some cases feuding over the order of precedence as in Layamon. There is a possibility that Wace, contrary to his own claims, derived Arthur's round table not from any Breton source, but rather from medieval biographies of
733:
Crécy in 1346 were contrary to
Arthurian ideals and made Arthur a problematic paradigm for Edward, especially at the time of the institution of the Garter. There are no formal references to King Arthur and the Round Table in the surviving early fifteenth-century copies of the Statutes of the Garter, but the Garter Feast of 1358 did involve a round table game. Thus there was some overlap between the projected Round Table fellowship and the actualized Order of the Garter.
421:
2220:
2232:
2244:
293:. In the story Arthur has found the altar and tries unsuccessfully to use it as a table; he returns it to Carannog in exchange for the saint ridding the land of a meddlesome dragon. Elements of Arthur's household figure into local topographical folklore throughout Britain as early as the early 12th century, with various landmarks being named "
732:
carried connotations from this legend by the circular shape of the garter. Edward's wartime experiences during the Crécy campaign (1346–7) seem to have been a determining factor in his abandonment of the Round Table project. It has been argued that the total warfare tactics employed by the
English at
273:, the formula tying named individuals to "Arthur's Court" in the triad titles began to supersede the older "Island of Britain" formula. Though the code of chivalry crucial to later continental romances dealing with the Round Table is mostly absent from the Welsh material, some passages of
728:(r. 1327–1377) swore an oath to restore the Order of the Round Table to the same as that of King Arthur. Receiving agreement from the earls and knights present, Edward announced that the order’s first meeting would take place during Pentecost. The plan never came to fruition, but the new
209:, around which he and his knights congregate. As its name suggests, it has no head, implying that everyone who sits there has equal status, unlike conventional rectangular tables where participants order themselves according to rank. The table was first described in 1155 by
699:
and bearing the names of various knights of Arthur's court, was probably created for a Round Table tournament. The table is 5.5 metres (18 ft) in diameter and weighs 1.2 tonnes (2,600 lb). The current paintwork is late; it was done by order of King
712:—using timbers that were felled over a period of years. Edward was an Arthurian enthusiast who attended at least five Round Tables and hosted one himself in 1299, which may have been the occasion for the creation of the Winchester Round Table.
277:
seem to reference it. For instance, Arthur explains the ethos of his court, saying "e are nobles as long as we are sought out: the greater the bounty we may give, the greater our nobility, fame and honour."
523:, further adapt the chivalric attributes of the Round Table but make it and its fellowship much larger, with many more seats and usually dozens of members at any given time. Here it is the perfect knight
251:
so important in later medieval romance figures in it as well, as
Geoffrey says Arthur established "such a code of courtliness in his household that he inspired peoples living far away to imitate him."
393:
carpenter built an enormous but easily transportable Round Table to prevent further dispute. Wace claims he was not the source of the Round Table; both he and
Layamon credited it instead to the
436:
The Round Table takes on new dimensions in the romances of the late 12th and early 13th century, where it becomes a symbol of the famed order of chivalry which flourishes under Arthur. In
716:, from an examination of Edward's financial accounts, links it instead with a tournament King Edward held near Winchester on 20 April 1290, to mark the betrothal of one of his daughters.
213:, who relied on previous depictions of Arthur's fabulous retinue. The symbolism of the Round Table developed over time; by the close of the 12th century, it had come to represent the
950:
Walters, Lori J., "Re-examining Wace's Round Table", in: Keith Busby, Christopher
Kleinhenz (eds.), Courtly arts and the art of courtliness, DS Brewer, 2006, pp. 721–44.
553:) often distinguish between the knights of the "Old Table" of Uther's time and those of Arthur's "New Table". In the Post-Vulgate, the Table is eventually destroyed by
269:
invokes the names of 225 individuals affiliated with Arthur. The fame of Arthur's entourage became so prominent in Welsh tradition that in the later additions to the
599:
324:
has been associated with the Round Table, and it has been suggested as a possible source for the legend. Following archaeological discoveries at the Roman ruins in
561:
after the deaths of Arthur and almost all of the
Knights, many of whom in fact had killed each other, especially in internal conflicts at the end of the cycle.
462:
Table. Made of silver, the Grail Table was used by the followers of
Arimathea after he created it as directed by a vision of Christ, and was taken by him to
372:
finished in 1155. Wace says Arthur created the Round Table to prevent quarrels among his barons, none of whom would accept a lower place than the others.
2021:
1392:
281:
Though no Round Table appears in the early Welsh texts, Arthur is associated with various items of household furniture. The earliest of these is Saint
2141:
531:. Galahad's arrival marks the start of the Grail quest as well as the end of the Arthurian era. In these works the Round Table is kept by King
1150:
Tuck, Anthony (1985). Crown and
Nobility 1272–1461: Political Conflict in Late Medieval England. London: Fontana. ISBN 0-00-686084-2, p. 133.
860:
827:
1318:
1303:
1275:
1257:
1235:
1173:
1125:
1076:
1045:
1017:
971:
938:
2189:
294:
876:
247:, Arthur "increased his personal entourage by inviting very distinguished men from far-distant kingdoms to join it." The code of
1714:
1576:
1198:
1385:
489:
56:
442:
1666:
1631:
317:
31:
2274:
2136:
2184:
1794:
1531:
470:, but this connection was not mentioned by Robert). This version of the Round Table, here made for Arthur's father
349:
329:
218:
153:
77:
2269:
1378:
239:
580:
570:
62:
1413:
337:
508:
2146:
725:
701:
1899:
1884:
1859:
1809:
1684:
1506:
1431:
1241:
503:
410:
340:
documentary in which the claim was made, stated that there was no archaeological basis to the story.
244:
234:
478:; this seat, must remain empty until the coming of the knight who will achieve the Grail. The Didot
729:
709:
455:
1199:"Edward III's Abandoned Order of the Round Table Revisited: Political Arthurianism after Poitiers"
987:
2204:
2199:
1799:
1759:
1689:
1342:
1179:
672:
543:. Other versions treat the Round Table differently, for instance Arthurian works from Italy like
520:
385:
in the early 13th century, saying that the quarrel between Arthur's vassals led to violence at a
2169:
1814:
1749:
1405:
1314:
1299:
1271:
1253:
1231:
1169:
1121:
1072:
1041:
1013:
967:
934:
894:
856:
852:
823:
696:
656:
545:
261:
202:
119:
961:
817:
2083:
1889:
1869:
1824:
1334:
1089:
705:
554:
333:
309:
206:
174:
46:
2174:
2164:
2118:
2093:
2073:
2051:
2039:
1849:
1754:
1511:
1446:
1281:
1223:
471:
467:
437:
365:
214:
182:
474:
rather than Arthur himself, has twelve seats and one empty place to mark the betrayal of
417:—in which the king is said to have possessed a round table decorated with a map of Rome.
1370:
1360:
583:
were celebrated throughout Europe in imitation of Arthur's court. These events featured
2248:
2236:
2046:
2011:
1965:
1263:
1064:
1033:
1029:
1005:
926:
528:
516:
475:
420:
381:
377:
190:
166:
17:
2263:
1924:
1709:
1496:
1365:
1113:
1060:
845:
713:
648:
360:
305:
92:
66:
591:, and in some cases attending knights assumed the identities of Arthur's entourage.
2224:
2179:
1970:
1789:
1719:
1291:
1245:
1183:
616:
494:
270:
1338:
2088:
1834:
1804:
1774:
1401:
688:
676:
664:
652:
604:
576:
532:
451:
398:
230:
198:
142:
73:
1160:
Berard, Christopher (2012). "Edward III's
Abandoned Order of the Round Table".
539:
after Uther's death; Arthur inherits it when he marries
Leodegrance's daughter
1991:
1960:
1904:
1621:
1541:
628:
620:
612:
459:
425:
898:
2194:
1986:
1955:
1929:
1864:
1839:
1729:
1699:
1651:
1641:
1476:
1471:
1441:
684:
660:
644:
636:
540:
536:
1561:
229:
Though the Round Table is not mentioned in the earliest accounts, tales of
482:, a prose continuation of Robert's work, takes up the story as the knight
233:
having a marvellous court made up of many prominent warriors are ancient.
2113:
2103:
2078:
2068:
2058:
1919:
1874:
1844:
1769:
1739:
1704:
1679:
1646:
1611:
1591:
1546:
1501:
1421:
960:
Burgwinkle, William; Hammond, Nicholas; Wilson, Emma (24 February 2011).
632:
608:
584:
483:
390:
321:
282:
248:
424:
King Arthur's knights, gathered at the Round Table, see a vision of the
2063:
2029:
2001:
1996:
1829:
1784:
1744:
1694:
1674:
1656:
1636:
1626:
1606:
1601:
1596:
1586:
1581:
1571:
1566:
1491:
1486:
1481:
1456:
1436:
1346:
668:
624:
588:
524:
402:
394:
373:
325:
313:
266:
2108:
2098:
2034:
1950:
1914:
1909:
1879:
1854:
1819:
1734:
1616:
1556:
1466:
1461:
708:
calculates the date of construction to 1250–1280—during the reign of
680:
640:
558:
463:
447:
1325:
Thomas, Charles (1953). "Folklore from a Northern Henge Monument".
527:, rather than Percival, who assumes the empty seat, now called the
1934:
1894:
1779:
1764:
1521:
1516:
1426:
903:
The claims...have no basis whatever in the archaeological evidence
598:
488:
419:
301:
286:
256:
243:(composed c. 1136) says that, after establishing peace throughout
1724:
1551:
1451:
386:
355:
210:
109:
1374:
724:
On 22 January 1344, after a tournament at Windsor Castle, King
603:
The Winchester Round Table featuring the names of S galahallt (
1118:
King Arthur's Round Table: an archaeological investigation
893:(115). York, England: Council for British Archaeology: 8.
695:
The Winchester Round Table is a large tabletop hanging in
1366:
The 14th Century Round Table in Winchester, Hampshire, UK
1228:
Trioedd Ynys Prydein: The Triads of the Island of Britain
988:"King Arthur: Literature of the Legends--Robert de Boron"
450:
creates the Round Table in imitation of the table of the
1120:. Woodbridge, England: Boydell and Brewer. p. 182.
376:
added to the story when he adapted Wace's work into the
332:
was the true prototype of the Round Table; however, the
889:
Pitts, Mike (November 2010). "Britain in Archaeology".
1284:(1959). "Arthurian Influence on Sport and Spectacle".
493:"Sir Galahad is brought to the court of King Arthur",
2157:
2129:
2020:
1979:
1943:
1665:
1530:
1412:
148:
138:
130:
125:
115:
105:
84:
39:
844:
297:", "Arthur's Oven", and "Arthur's Bed-chamber".
1004:Hoffman, Donald L. (1991). "Tavola Ritonda." In
486:sits in the seat and initiates the Grail quest.
879:. www.telegraph.co.uk. Retrieved July 15, 2010.
1386:
925:Kibler, William W. (1991). "Round Table." In
877:"Historians locate King Arthur's Round Table"
748:
746:
8:
687:), S alynore (Sir Alymore), and S mordrede (
152:The meeting of Arthur's court, known as the
320:". The still-visible Roman amphitheatre at
1393:
1379:
1371:
963:The Cambridge History of French Literature
816:Ottaway, Patrick; Michael Cyprien (1987).
704:. The table itself is considerably older;
515:The prose cycles of the 13th century, the
55:
1309:Rouse, Robert; and Cory Rushton (2005).
847:King Arthur: The Truth Behind the Legend
1286:Arthurian Literature in the Middle Ages
1056:
1054:
742:
336:Commission, acting as consultants to a
921:
919:
917:
915:
913:
911:
76:presiding at the Round Table with his
36:
1361:The Round Table | The Camelot Project
679:), S degore (Sir Degore), S brumear (
7:
819:A traveller's guide to Roman Britain
720:Historical Round Table of Edward III
446:, written around 1200, the magician
217:associated with Arthur's court, the
1296:Arthur in Medieval Welsh Literature
1250:The History of the Kings of Britain
1071:, pp. 518–519. New York: Garland.
354:The Round Table first appeared in
328:, some writers suggested that the
25:
1090:"The Round Table of Knights Fame"
255:Arthur's court was well known to
2242:
2230:
2218:
822:. Historical Times. p. 35.
931:The New Arthurian Encyclopaedia
875:Evans, Martin (July 11, 2010).
2190:King Arthur's messianic return
1268:The New Arthurian Encyclopedia
1069:The New Arthurian Encyclopedia
1038:The New Arthurian Encyclopedia
1010:The New Arthurian Encyclopedia
966:. Cambridge University Press.
1:
1339:10.1080/0015587x.1953.9717383
1311:The Medieval Quest for Arthur
1298:. University of Wales Press.
1230:. University Of Wales Press.
1040:, p. 391. New York: Garland.
1012:, p. 444. New York: Garland.
933:, p. 391. New York: Garland.
289:in that saint's 12th-century
259:storytellers; in the romance
27:Table in the Arthurian legend
1197:Berard, Christopher (2016).
32:Round Table (disambiguation)
1032:(1991). "Round Tables." In
430:Lancelot and the Holy Grail
2291:
2185:Historicity of King Arthur
843:Castleden, Rodney (1999).
568:
350:Knights of the Round Table
347:
330:Chester Roman Amphitheatre
219:Knights of the Round Table
154:Knights of the Round Table
29:
2213:
1063:(1991). "Winchester." In
368:adaptation of Geoffrey's
318:King Arthur's Round Table
240:Historia Regum Britanniae
54:
44:
607:), S launcelot deulake (
571:Round Table (tournament)
519:(Vulgate) Cycle and the
1825:Lady/Ladies of the Lake
1141:Biddle (2000: 361–392).
992:www.matterofbritain.com
639:), S lacotemale tayle (
623:), S trystram delyens (
565:Round Table tournaments
557:during his invasion of
466:(later identified with
428:. From a manuscript of
126:In-universe information
65:'s illumination of the
61:A 1470 reproduction of
2094:Land/Castle of Maidens
692:
641:Sir La Cote Male Taile
625:Sir Tristan de Lyoness
595:Winchester Round Table
512:
433:
389:feast. In response, a
194:
186:
178:
170:
18:Winchester Round Table
1270:. New York: Garland.
1252:. New York: Penguin.
851:. Routledge. p.
726:Edward III of England
702:Henry VIII of England
683:), S lybyus dyscovy (
602:
499:King Arthur's Knights
492:
423:
285:'s mystical floating
1860:Lynette and Lyonesse
1685:Angharad Golden-Hand
1507:Ambrosius Aurelianus
1242:Geoffrey of Monmouth
1203:Arthurian Literature
1162:Arthurian Literature
806:Thomas, pp. 428–429.
671:), S Ectorde marys (
655:), S bors de ganys (
609:Sir Lancelot de Lake
497:'s illustration for
411:Notker the Stammerer
235:Geoffrey of Monmouth
30:For other uses, see
1184:10.7722/j.ctt1x71zc
891:British Archaeology
770:Bromwich, p. lxvii.
730:Order of the Garter
710:Edward I of England
579:, festivals called
456:Joseph of Arimathea
2275:Tables (furniture)
2249:History portal
2237:England portal
2205:Tristan and Iseult
2200:Knight of the Swan
1800:Guiron le Courtois
1760:Elaine of Corbenic
1690:Anguish of Ireland
1313:. Tempus, Stroud.
693:
685:Sir Le Bel Inconnu
673:Sir Ector de Maris
521:Post-Vulgate Cycle
513:
434:
265:, the protagonist
63:Évrard d'Espinques
2257:
2256:
2170:Battle of Camlann
1944:Animal characters
1900:Percival's sister
1750:Elaine of Astolat
1406:Matter of Britain
862:978-0-415-19575-1
829:978-0-918678-19-5
752:Geoffrey, p. 222.
697:Winchester Castle
657:Sir Bors de Ganis
546:La Tavola Ritonda
504:Le Morte d'Arthur
275:Culhwch and Olwen
262:Culhwch and Olwen
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158:
120:Chivalric romance
16:(Redirected from
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1667:Other characters
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415:De Carolo Magno
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338:History Channel
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1333:(3): 427–429.
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1289:
1279:
1266:(ed.) (1991).
1261:
1239:
1219:
1216:
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1212:
1189:
1174:
1152:
1143:
1134:
1126:
1114:Biddle, Martin
1105:
1081:
1061:Ashe, Geoffrey
1050:
1022:
997:
979:
972:
952:
943:
907:
881:
868:
861:
835:
828:
808:
799:
797:Padel, p. 102.
790:
781:
772:
763:
754:
741:
740:
738:
735:
721:
718:
675:), S dagonet (
663:), S pelleus (
651:), S lamorak (
635:), S blubrys (
631:), S bedwere (
627:), S garethe (
619:), S Iyonell (
615:), S pcyvale (
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569:Main article:
566:
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529:Siege Perilous
517:Lancelot-Grail
378:Middle English
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2142:List of works
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1319:0-7524-3343-1
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1304:0-7083-1689-1
1301:
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1276:0-8240-4377-4
1273:
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1258:0-14-044170-0
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1246:Thorpe, Lewis
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1236:0-7083-1386-8
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1175:9781843843337
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1127:0-85115-626-6
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1094:Atlas Obscura
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1018:0-8240-4377-4
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973:9780521897860
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788:Padel, p. 42.
785:
782:
779:Padel, p. 21.
776:
773:
767:
764:
761:Padel, p. 17.
758:
755:
749:
747:
743:
736:
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727:
719:
717:
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714:Martin Biddle
711:
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649:Sir Palamedes
647:), S plomyd (
646:
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642:
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637:Sir Bleoberis
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509:Henry Gilbert
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361:Roman de Brut
357:
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306:Eamont Bridge
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195:Mensa Rotunda
192:
188:
187:an Daol Grenn
184:
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179:an Moos Krenn
176:
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137:
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97:
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93:Roman de Brut
90:
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64:
58:
53:
49:
48:
43:
38:
33:
19:
2180:Loathly lady
2137:Bibliography
2006:
1971:Twrch Trwyth
1720:Blanchefleur
1330:
1326:
1310:
1295:
1292:Padel, O. J.
1285:
1267:
1249:
1227:
1218:Bibliography
1206:
1202:
1192:
1165:
1161:
1155:
1146:
1137:
1117:
1108:
1097:. Retrieved
1093:
1084:
1068:
1037:
1025:
1009:
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991:
982:
962:
955:
946:
930:
902:
890:
884:
871:
846:
838:
818:
811:
802:
793:
784:
775:
766:
757:
723:
694:
659:), S safer (
633:Sir Bedivere
617:Sir Percival
611:), S gauen (
581:Round Tables
574:
550:
544:
514:
502:
498:
495:Walter Crane
479:
441:
435:
429:
414:
406:
380:
369:
359:
353:
299:
290:
280:
274:
271:Welsh Triads
260:
254:
238:
228:
162:
160:
91:
68:
45:
2089:Joyous Gard
2047:Brocéliande
2007:Round Table
1835:Leodegrance
1805:Gwenhwyfach
1534:Round Table
1432:Constantine
1402:King Arthur
689:Sir Mordred
677:Sir Dagonet
665:Sir Pelleas
653:Sir Lamorak
605:Sir Galahad
577:Middle Ages
575:During the
533:Leodegrance
452:Last Supper
407:Vita Caroli
399:Charlemagne
231:King Arthur
199:King Arthur
171:y Ford Gron
163:Round Table
143:King Arthur
74:King Arthur
2264:Categories
1992:Holy Grail
1961:Petitcrieu
1542:Bagdemagus
1099:2022-01-11
737:References
681:Sir Brunor
667:), S kay (
629:Sir Gareth
621:Sir Lionel
613:Sir Gawain
426:Holy Grail
348:See also:
106:Created by
72:, showing
2195:Pendragon
1987:Excalibur
1956:Gringolet
1930:Vortigern
1865:Maleagant
1840:Lohengrin
1735:Brunor(s)
1730:Brangaine
1652:Sagramore
1642:Pellinore
1632:Palamedes
1477:Guinevere
1472:Gingalain
1288:. Oxford.
1209:: 70–109.
899:1357-4442
661:Sir Safir
645:Sir Lucan
555:King Mark
541:Guinevere
537:Cameliard
432:(c. 1406)
401:—notably
237:, in his
201:'s famed
2130:In media
2114:Tintagel
2104:Lyonesse
2079:Corbenic
2069:Celliwig
2059:Caerleon
1920:Taliesin
1875:Meliodas
1810:Hellawes
1770:Feirefiz
1740:Catigern
1680:Agrestes
1647:Percival
1612:Lancelot
1592:Galehaut
1547:Bedivere
1502:Morgause
1422:Agravain
1404:and the
1327:Folklore
1294:(2000).
1248:(1988).
1226:(2006).
1168:: 1–40.
1116:(2000).
589:feasting
585:jousting
484:Perceval
480:Perceval
387:Yuletide
370:Historia
322:Caerleon
283:Carannog
249:chivalry
149:Function
69:Lancelot
2064:Camelot
2030:Astolat
2002:Prydwen
1997:Pridwen
1980:Objects
1885:Nentres
1830:Laudine
1815:Hengist
1795:Guiomar
1785:Gorlois
1745:Claudas
1695:Annowre
1675:Accolon
1657:Tristan
1637:Pelleas
1627:Moriaen
1607:Lamorak
1602:Griflet
1597:Geraint
1587:Galahad
1582:Dinadan
1572:Dagonet
1567:Caradoc
1492:Mordred
1482:Igraine
1457:Gaheris
1437:Culhwch
1347:1256826
1067:(Ed.),
1036:(Ed.),
1008:(Ed.),
929:(Ed.),
669:Sir Kay
525:Galahad
454:and of
403:Einhard
395:Bretons
391:Cornish
374:Layamon
326:Chester
314:Cumbria
310:Penrith
267:Culhwch
245:Britain
225:Origins
205:in the
175:Cornish
78:Knights
50:element
2158:Topics
2147:comics
2109:Sarras
2099:Logres
2035:Avalon
2022:Places
1951:Cavall
1915:Sebile
1910:Rience
1880:Merlin
1855:Lunete
1850:Lucius
1820:Iseult
1622:Lionel
1617:Lanval
1577:Daniel
1562:Cligès
1557:Brunor
1467:Gawain
1462:Gareth
1414:Family
1345:
1317:
1302:
1274:
1256:
1234:
1182:
1172:
1124:
1075:
1044:
1016:
970:
937:
897:
859:
826:
559:Logres
511:(1911)
464:Avalon
448:Merlin
443:Merlin
344:Legend
183:Breton
139:Owners
67:Prose
1935:Yniol
1895:Olwen
1780:Garel
1765:Enide
1522:Yvain
1517:Urien
1442:Ector
1427:Cador
1343:JSTOR
1180:JSTOR
476:Judas
460:Grail
308:near
302:henge
287:altar
257:Welsh
203:table
197:) is
191:Latin
167:Welsh
116:Genre
1452:Hoel
1315:ISBN
1300:ISBN
1272:ISBN
1254:ISBN
1232:ISBN
1170:ISBN
1122:ISBN
1073:ISBN
1042:ISBN
1014:ISBN
968:ISBN
935:ISBN
895:ISSN
857:ISBN
824:ISBN
409:and
382:Brut
364:, a
356:Wace
291:Vita
211:Wace
161:The
131:Type
110:Wace
98:1155
1845:Lot
1705:Ban
1487:Kay
1335:doi
853:148
535:of
507:by
458:'s
440:'s
413:'s
405:'s
358:'s
304:at
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1331:64
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1205:.
1201:.
1178:.
1166:29
1164:.
1092:.
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1020:.
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312:,
300:A
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193::
189:;
185::
181:;
177::
173:;
169::
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1380:v
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1337::
1321:.
1306:.
1278:.
1260:.
1238:.
1186:.
1132:.
1130:.
1102:.
1079:.
1048:.
994:.
976:.
941:.
865:.
832:.
691:)
549:(
165:(
34:.
20:)
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