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speed. The remainder of the airstream then moves through the barrier to its edge downstream, pushed along by the decrease in pressure across the shelterbelt's width; as it emerges again, that airstream is interrupted further as its air pressure adjusts to the surrounding area. This results in slower windspeed further downwind, reaching a minimum at a distance of about 3 to 5 times the windbreak's height. Beyond that point wind speed recovers, aided by the overlying, faster-moving stream. From the perspective of the
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148:, and recycled sails, windbreaks tend to have three or more panels held in place with poles that slide into pockets sewn into the panel. The poles are then hammered into the ground and a windbreak is formed. Windbreaks or "wind fences" are used to reduce wind speeds over erodible areas such as open fields, industrial stockpiles, and dusty industrial operations. As erosion is proportional to wind speed cubed, a reduction of wind speed of 1/2 (for example) will reduce erosion by 87.5%.
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126:, or being deployed along riparian buffer stripes. Fields are planted in rows of different crops surrounded by rows of trees. These trees provide fruit, wood, or protect the crops from the wind. Alley cropping has been particularly successful in India, Africa, and Brazil, where coffee growers have combined farming and forestry.
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When wind encounters a porous obstacle, such as a windbreak or shelterbelt, air pressure increases on the windward side and decreases on the leeward side. As a result, the airstream approaching the barrier is interrupted, and a portion of it moves over the barrier, resulting in a jet of higher wind
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Windbreaks reduces the wind's average air speed and makes it less variable, resulting in the wind mixing less effectively than it does upwind. Additionally, all these changes to the wind's behavior result in changes to the region's environment. For instance, the
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of the ground may be impacted, as the slowed wind dissipates heat from the sun less effectively; this trend may reverse further downwind, and about 8 times the windbreak's height downstream, the windbreak may result in cooler surface temperatures.
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from drifting onto roadways or yards. Farmers sometimes use windbreaks to keep snow drifts on farm land that will provide water when the snow melts in the spring. Other benefits include contributing to a
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in Indian Head, Saskatchewan, Canada subsidized seedlings to prairie farmers for almost 100 years to reduce soil erosion and increase quality of life on the prairies.
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A further use for a shelterbelt is to screen a farm from a main road or motorway. This improves the farm landscape by reducing the visual incursion of the motorway,
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Englund, Oskar; Börjesson, Pål; Mola-Yudego, Blas; Berndes, Göran; Dimitriou, Ioannis; Cederberg, Christel; Scarlat, Nicolae (2021).
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417:"Strategic deployment of riparian buffers and windbreaks in Europe can co-deliver biomass and environmental benefits"
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was an
American initiative to create shelterbelts on the prairies in the USA during the dustbowl of the 1930s.
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Ucar, Tamer; Hall, Franklin R. (2001). "Windbreaks as a pesticide drift mitigation strategy: A review".
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86:. If designed properly, windbreaks around a home can reduce the cost of heating and cooling and save
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Argete, J.C; Wilson, J.D (1989). "The microclimate in the centre of small square sheltered plots".
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from the traffic and providing a safe barrier between farm animals and the road.
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Wilson, John D. (1985). "Numerical studies of flow through a windbreak".
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Sheltered, windless areas created by windbreaks are called wind shadows.
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For crops left to dry in the wind with the appearance of hedgerows, see
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Fences called "windbreaks" are also used. Normally made from
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planted in such a manner as to provide shelter from the
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Journal of Wind
Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics
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can be combined in a farming practice referred to as
209:, Norway, also used to collect snow in a dry area.
111:for wildlife, and, in some regions, providing
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466:Environment: The Science Behind the Stories
90:. Windbreaks are also planted to help keep
270:Prairie Farm Rehabilitation Administration
514:, SAGE Publications, Ltd., p. 1175,
492:Soil Survey of Walsh County, North Dakota
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234:Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes equations
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154:Windbreaks can mitigate the effects of
62:usually made up of one or more rows of
421:Communications Earth & Environment
464:Withgott, Jay; Scott Brennan (2008).
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648:The Bibliography of Aeolian Research
512:Encyclopedia of Environmental Change
642:National Agroforestry Center (USDA)
605:Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
170:Aerial view of field windbreaks in
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185:One of the original buildings at
227:windbreak promotion poster, 1952
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243:(a distributed momentum sink).
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395:"Role of trees in agriculture"
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674:Forestry and the environment
625:10.1016/0168-1923(89)90016-6
590:10.1016/0167-6105(85)90001-7
374:National Agroforestry Center
304:Energy-efficient landscaping
115:if the trees are harvested.
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506:Matthews, John A. (2014),
442:10.1038/s43247-021-00247-y
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74:and to protect soil from
489:Hetlzer, Robert (1972).
314:Great Plains Shelterbelt
263:Great Plains Shelterbelt
39:Not to be confused with
551:Pest Management Science
256:Windbreak organizations
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215:Windbreak aerodynamics
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520:10.4135/9781446247501
334:Sahara Forest Project
249:surface energy budget
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103:(with slightly less
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58:(shelterbelt) is a
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398:. Retrieved
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377:. Retrieved
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664:Agriculture
400:13 February
329:Rain shadow
225:East German
187:Svappavaara
658:Categories
427:(1): 176.
356:References
339:Sand fence
294:Dead hedge
18:Wind break
451:237310600
80:hedgerows
56:windbreak
535:30 March
379:29 April
319:Hedgerow
277:See also
60:planting
613:Bibcode
429:Bibcode
109:habitat
99:around
76:erosion
34:windrow
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146:canvas
138:cotton
105:drying
88:energy
68:shrubs
447:S2CID
349:Tugay
207:Lesja
142:nylon
101:crops
84:farms
64:trees
537:2020
524:ISBN
470:ISBN
402:2018
381:2015
268:The
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113:wood
92:snow
72:wind
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
