40:
260:
While working with T G Brodie, her physiological research focused on the mechanisms of secretion of urine and of gas exchanges in the heart and intestine. With time, her interests changed to considering healthy living in people such as through sports science and effects of fatigue on factory workers.
554:
Cullis was a member of a large number of committees in the later part of her career. These included the clinical management committee of the
Institute of Child Psychology, the council of the National Institute of Industrial Psychology and the Home Office committee on the two-shift system for women
209:
She was described as having a generous spirit and had a gift for making persuasive and engaging speeches. Her values were as a feminist and intellectual with great personal integrity and loyalty. At school she had been good at acting, singing and tennis as well as academic study. In later life she
496:
During and after the Second World War she gave many lectures about
Britain in wartime. In 1940–41 she gave these in China, Japan, Malaya, the Dutch East Indies, Australia, New Zealand, and the USA. She was based in New York in the USA from 1941 to 1943 as Director of the women's section of the
500:
She considered that biology and the applications of science to life should be part of everyone's knowledge and included in the school curriculum. As an example of her action in this area, she devised programmes for physical education and ballet teachers in schools run by the
279:
Winifred Cullis (1942) What
British Women are doing in the War. The third lecture of the Helen Kenyon lectureship at Vassar College, delivered in two parts, April 30 and May 1, 1942. Poughkeepsie, N.Y. 32pp. Digitized 2010 HathiTrust Digital
229:
Cullis began her career at the Royal
College of Surgeons and of the Royal College of Physicians in 1901 as an assistant to T. G. Brodie as well as working part-time in a school. Cullis then appointed as a demonstrator in physiology at the
197:
in 1896, financed by a
Sidgwick scholarship, and achieved a second in both parts of the natural sciences tripos (1899 and 1900). While an undergraduate student she was supervised in the Physiological Laboratory by
202:. She was not awarded a degree since Cambridge did not award degrees to women at this time. (However, Cambridge University awarded her an MA in 1927). She was awarded DSc by London University in 1908 for
257:
In 1915 Cullis was one of the first five women elected as members of the
Physiological Society and served on the society's committee from 1918 to 1925. She also presided at the 1920 society meeting.
261:
She also became involved with science education both nationally and internationally, including the fostering of international goodwill and the emancipation of both sexes through education.
234:
later in 1901. She was subsequently appointed as a co-lecturer with T. G. Brodie from 1903 and then as a part-time lecturer in 1908. Cullis collaborated with several others including
1161:
254:
chair of physiology in 1926. She was the second woman in the UK to be appointed to a chair at a
British university-level institution. She retired as professor emeritus in 1941.
293:
Cullis, WC and EM Scarborough (1932) The influence of temperature in the frog (I) On the circulation, and (2) on the circulatory effects of adrenaline and of sodium nitrite.
1014:"Papers Past — Auckland Star — 28 October 1936 — DISTINGUISHED VISITOR. — Professor Winifred Cullis, C.8.E., M.A., D.Sc., UL.D., a past world preside... [truncated]"
242:. In 1912 she obtained a full-time post as lecturer and head of department, with the title as university reader in physiology. In 1916 she spent a year on secondment at the
556:
1156:
1136:
276:
Winifred Cullis and Muriel Bond (1935, revised edition 1950) The Body and its Health. Illustrations by Ian T Morison. Ivor
Nicholson and Watson, London 215 pp.
483:
of
England and Wales. Her speech was witty but ended on a serious note discussing how radium used in the treatment of cancer increased cures from 10% to 50%.
1151:
548:
544:
29:
269:
Cullis was author or co-author of at least 18 scientific publications as well as several books. She also gave a very large number of public talks.
1013:
540:
363:
Brodie, TG, Mackenzie, JJ, Cullis, WC and EM Tribe (1915) Some observations on the condition of the lungs during recovery from chest wounds.
1146:
1035:
187:
313:
Cullis, WC, Rendal, O and E Dahl (1926) The application of the ethyl iodide method to the determination of the circulation rate in women.
231:
166:(2 June 1875 – 13 November 1956) was a physiologist and academic, and the first woman to hold a professorial chair at a medical school.
130:
493:
In the 1930s she toured the world extensively promoting higher education for women and also promoted adult education via radio shows.
924:
639:
645:
1141:
273:
Winifred Cullis (1949) Your Body and the Way it Works. Illustrations by Horace J Knowles. George Allen and Unwin, London. 32pp
486:
In 1931 she gave support to a public subscription for building a ward in the new Royal Free
Hospital to be named in memory of
401:(1910) The gaseous metabolism of the small intestine. Part II The gaseous exchanges during the absorption of Witte's peptone.
464:
564:
560:
575:. She was chairman of the British Film Institute's educational panel, and from 1951 until her death, deputy chair of the
421:
Brodie, TG and WC Cullis (1908) The analysis of oxygen and carbonic acid contained in small volumes of saline solutions.
333:
Cullis, WC, Oppenheimer, EM and M Ross-Johnson (1922) Temperature and other changes in women during the menstrual cycle.
460:
In 1919 she gave lectures to military personnel stationed in Gibraltar and Malta at the request of the Colonial Office.
398:
235:
186:
in 1880. She was initially educated at a middle school, the Summer Hill School, and at 16 transferred to the associated
178:, Winifred was the youngest daughter of the six children of Frederick John and Louisa (née Corbett) Cullis. Her brother
794:"The gaseous metabolism of the small intestine. Part II The gaseous exchanges during the absorption of Witte's peptone"
303:
Cullis, WC, Rendal, O and E Dahl (1927) Observations on the ethyl iodide method for the determination of heart output.
162:
126:
194:
967:
940:
143:
Experiments upon the isolated mammalian heart, especially with regard to the action of defibrinated blood upon it
204:
Experiments upon the isolated mammalian heart, especially with regard to the action of defibrinated blood upon it
122:
890:
581:
568:
711:
572:
87:
1098:
576:
179:
533:
502:
243:
497:
British information services and moved to the Middle East in 1944–5 to lecture to the Royal Air Force.
1131:
1126:
1070:
517:) and in 1929 was raised to the rank of Commander of the Most Excellent Order of the British Empire (
247:
199:
97:
686:
384:
239:
988:
411:
Brodie, TG and WC Cullis, (1908) An apparatus for the perfusion of the isolated mammalian heart.
920:
872:
823:
774:
1078:
980:
862:
854:
813:
805:
764:
754:
650:
472:
251:
218:
246:
as the acting professor of physiology. She finally became a professor of physiology at the
529:
480:
83:
323:
Cullis, Winifred C (1924) Industrial psychology: some ways of increasing output of work.
1074:
867:
842:
818:
793:
769:
742:
525:
487:
39:
1120:
992:
858:
809:
211:
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She gave many talks and other presentations for science outreach. These included:
759:
468:
965:
Kinnell, G; McIlroy, AL; Barrett, FE; Bolton, E; Aitken, J; Cullis, WC (1931).
654:
559:, the Trades Union Congress committee on scientific planning of industry, the
183:
175:
56:
476:
984:
876:
827:
778:
567:
Fund, the BBC Council for Adult Education, and the governing bodies of the
1099:"International Awards | International Federation of University Women"
1036:"Papers Past — Auckland Star — 15 September 1932 — B.B.C. AS UNIVERSITY"
353:
Cullis, WC and EE Hewer (1920) The "ammonia coefficient" of pregnancy.
1083:
1058:
894:
137:
71:
373:
Cullis, WC and EM Tribe (1913) Distribution of nerves in the heart.
343:
Cullis, WC and EE Hewer (1922) The pernicious vomiting of pregnancy
640:"Cullis, Winifred Clara (1875–1956), physiologist and educationist"
387:(1911) Excitation and section of the auriculo-ventricular bundle.
283:
Cullis, Winifred C (1942) Impact of War Upon British Home Life.
467:’s seventh Annual Conference in July 1929, alongside architect
518:
514:
513:
In 1919 she was appointed to the Order of the British Empire (
190:, Birmingham and took extra science classes at Mason College.
843:"Excitation and section of the auriculo-ventricular bundle"
431:
Brodie, TG and WC Cullis (1906) On the secretion of urine.
217:
She died on 13 November 1956 at her home, Vincent House in
325:
Journal of the National Institute of Industrial Psychology
891:"Your Paintings – Professor Winifred Cullis (1875–1956)"
441:
WC Cullis (1906) On secretion in the frog's kidney.
136:
118:
110:
93:
79:
64:
49:
23:
966:
649:(online ed.). Oxford University Press. 2004.
638:
557:British Association for the Advancement of Science
792:Brodie, TG; Cullis, WC; Halliburton, WD (1910).
716:King Edward VI School for Girls - Old Edwardians
706:
704:
561:Central Council of Recreative Physical Training
1038:. Paperspast.natlib.govt.nz. 15 September 1932
1162:Commanders of the Order of the British Empire
736:
734:
732:
8:
1016:. Paperspast.natlib.govt.nz. 28 October 1936
549:International Federation of University Women
545:International Federation of University Women
182:became a mathematician. The family moved to
743:"Women and the early Journal of Physiology"
38:
20:
1082:
866:
817:
768:
758:
919:. Oxford University Press. p. 126.
646:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
594:
524:Cullis was awarded honorary degrees by
633:
541:British Federation of University Women
631:
629:
627:
625:
623:
621:
619:
617:
615:
613:
509:Committee work, influence and honours
7:
1157:Alumni of Newnham College, Cambridge
1137:20th-century English medical doctors
606:(5003): 1242–1246. 24 November 1956.
188:King Edward VI High School for Girls
1152:Graduate Women International people
681:
679:
475:, the first woman to practise as a
232:London School of Medicine for Women
131:London School of Medicine for Women
479:in England and second woman to be
14:
579:. She was also a director of the
16:British physiologist (1875-1956)
1059:"Prof. Winifred Cullis, C.B.E"
859:10.1113/jphysiol.1911.sp001430
841:Cullis, WC; Dixon, WE (1911).
810:10.1113/jphysiol.1910.sp001365
1:
712:"Winifred Cullis, CBE (1893)"
114:Physiology; Science education
760:10.1113/jphysiol.2014.288258
670:UK public library membership
551:has an award in her honour.
236:William Dobinson Halliburton
44:Winifred Cullis in the 1930s
1147:British medical researchers
465:Women’s Engineering Society
397:Brodie, TG, Cullis, WC and
127:Royal College of Physicians
1178:
941:"The Woman Engineer Vol 2"
285:Marriage and Family Living
195:Newnham College, Cambridge
539:She was president of the
152:
123:Royal College of Surgeons
103:
37:
968:"Mary Scharlieb memoria"
569:Royal Academy of Dancing
565:King Edward VII Hospital
170:Early life and education
973:British Medical Journal
915:Fara, Patricia (2018).
741:Tansley, Tilli (2015).
689:. The National Archives
604:British Medical Journal
555:and young persons, the
265:Scientific publications
88:University of Cambridge
1142:People from Gloucester
985:10.1136/bmj.1.3662.475
655:10.1093/ref:odnb/32661
577:English-Speaking Union
250:in 1919 and the named
180:Cuthbert Edmund Cullis
847:Journal of Physiology
798:Journal of Physiology
747:Journal of Physiology
534:Birmingham University
503:London County Council
443:Journal of Physiology
433:Journal of Physiology
423:Journal of Physiology
413:Journal of Physiology
403:Journal of Physiology
389:Journal of Physiology
375:Journal of Physiology
315:Journal of Physiology
305:Journal of Physiology
295:Journal of Physiology
244:University of Toronto
210:enjoyed the arts and
25:Winifred Clara Cullis
687:"Access to Archives"
543:(1925–1929) and the
463:Cullis spoke at the
248:University of London
200:John Newport Langley
98:University of London
1075:1956Natur.178.1266B
1069:(4545): 1266–1267.
573:Chelsea Polytechnic
355:Biochemical Journal
240:Walter Ernest Dixon
917:A lab of one's own
532:, USA (1931), and
1084:10.1038/1781266a0
1057:Bond, M. (1956).
668:(Subscription or
547:(1929–1932). The
481:called to the Bar
156:
155:
105:Scientific career
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979:(3662): 475–43.
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608:
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473:Helena Normanton
453:Science outreach
252:Sophia Jex-Blake
219:Pembridge Square
165:
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68:13 November 1956
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945:www2.theiet.org
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530:Goucher College
511:
455:
383:Cullis, WC and
267:
227:
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159:Winifred Cullis
146:
94:Alma mater
84:Newnham College
75:
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853:(2): 156–178.
833:
804:(3): 173–189.
784:
753:(2): 347–350.
728:
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528:, USA (1919),
526:Vassar College
510:
507:
488:Mary Scharlieb
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399:WD Halliburton
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212:cross-stitch
208:
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193:She entered
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158:
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119:Institutions
104:
18:
1132:1956 deaths
1127:1875 births
469:Edna Mosley
53:2 June 1875
1121:Categories
950:2 November
672:required.)
660:3 December
589:References
585:magazine.
221:, London.
184:Birmingham
176:Gloucester
57:Gloucester
477:barrister
80:Education
993:59171878
877:16993059
828:16993003
779:25630254
536:(1955).
385:WE Dixon
280:Library.
174:Born in
1071:Bibcode
868:2004752
819:1533741
770:4303378
721:15 July
448:250–266
438:224–239
428:405–413
418:337–340
408:173–189
394:156–178
380:141–150
370:912–913
360:757–761
340:594–596
330:125–128
320:104–114
1105:26 May
1101:. IFUW
1063:Nature
1042:26 May
1020:26 May
998:9 July
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900:26 May
895:Art UK
875:
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693:26 May
666:
563:, the
365:Lancet
345:Lancet
335:Lancet
225:Career
147:(1908)
145:
138:Thesis
111:Fields
74:, U.K.
72:London
59:, U.K.
989:S2CID
310:39–46
300:33–43
290:10–11
1107:2014
1044:2014
1022:2014
1000:2020
977:1931
952:2020
921:ISBN
902:2014
873:PMID
824:PMID
775:PMID
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695:2014
662:2019
571:and
471:and
238:and
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519:CBE
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