506:
522:
2149:
47:
288:(New Stone Age). Astronomical events were often used to guide farming activities, such as the mating of animals, the sowing of crops and the monitoring of winter reserves of food. The winter solstice was important because the people were economically dependent on monitoring the progress of the seasons. Starvation was common during the first months of the winter, January to April (northern hemisphere) or July to October (southern hemisphere). Livestock were
328:
1101:, the precise timing of its occurrence is now public knowledge. The precise instant of the solstice cannot be directly detected (by definition, people cannot observe that an object has stopped moving until it is later observed that it has not moved further from the preceding spot, or that it has moved in the opposite direction). To be precise to a single day, observers must be able to view a change in
487:(c. 920–961). According to Snorri, the Christian Haakon had moved Yule from "midwinter" and aligned it with the Christian Christmas celebration. Historically, this has made some scholars believe that Yule originally was a sun festival on the winter solstice. Modern scholars generally do not believe this, as midwinter in medieval Iceland was a date about four weeks after the solstice. During the
2760:
2748:
138:
2712:
2736:
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430:
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or elevation less than or equal to about 1/60 of the angular diameter of the Sun. Observing that it occurred within a two-day period is easier, requiring an observation precision of only about 1/16 of the angular diameter of the Sun. Thus, many observations are of the day of the solstice rather than
672:
saw that the day was continuously shortening, he said, "Woe is me! Because I have sinned, the world darkens around me, and returns to formlessless and void. This is the death to which Heaven has sentenced me!" He decided to spend eight days in fasting and prayer. When he saw the winter solstice, and
627:
celebration, or as some call it "Shabe
Chelleh" ("the 40th night"), is one of the oldest Iranian traditions that has been present in Persian culture from ancient times. In this night all the family gather together, usually at the house of the eldest, and celebrate it by eating, drinking and reciting
1110:
that allows a ray of light to be cast on a certain point around that time. The earliest sunset and latest sunrise dates differ from winter solstice, however, and these depend on latitude, due to the variation in the solar day throughout the year caused by the Earth's elliptical orbit (see
673:
he saw that the day was continuously lengthening, he said, "It is the order of the world!" He went and feasted for eight days. The following year, he feasted for both. He established them in Heaven's name, but they established them in the name of idolatry
359:
of both of these monuments seem to have been carefully aligned on a sight-line pointing to the winter solstice sunrise (Newgrange) and the winter solstice sunset (Stonehenge). It is significant that at
Stonehenge the Great
415:, though this theory "is nowadays used as the default explanation for the choice of 25 December as Christ's birthday, few advocates of this theory seem to be aware of how paltry the available evidence actually is."
1674:
1742:
Although HRT is nowadays used as the default explanation for the choice of 25 December as Christ's birthday, few advocates of this theory seem to be aware of how paltry the available evidence actually is.
2096:
247:
regions, the winter solstice is seen as the middle of winter; although today in some countries and calendars it is seen as the beginning of winter. Other names are the "extreme of winter" (
491:, Yule was incorporated into the Christmas celebrations and the term and its cognates remain used to refer to Christmas in modern Northern European languages such as English and Swedish.
295:
Because the winter solstice is the reversal of the Sun's apparent ebbing in the sky, in ancient times it was seen as the symbolic death and rebirth of the Sun or of a
2123:
390:
or the 'Invincible Sun'. Gary
Forsythe, Professor of Ancient History, says "This celebration would have formed a welcome addition to the seven-day period of the
264:. It marked the symbolic death and rebirth of the Sun; the gradual waning of daylight hours is reversed and begins to grow again. Some ancient monuments such as
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2106:
505:
239:(June 20, June 21, or June 22). Although the winter solstice itself lasts only a moment, the term also refers to the day on which it occurs. The term
2208:
488:
292:
so they would not have to be fed during the winter, so it was almost the only time of year when a plentiful supply of fresh meat was available.
521:
2075:
1941:
1914:
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1794:. Acta Academiae Regiae Gustavi Adolphi (in Swedish). Vol. 91. Kungl. Gustav Adolfs Akademien för svensk folkkultur. pp. 120–121.
396:(December 17–23), Rome's most joyous holiday season since Republican times, characterized by parties, banquets, and exchanges of gifts".
1394:
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1602:
1799:
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There is evidence that the winter solstice was deemed an important moment of the annual cycle for some cultures as far back as the
31:
2575:
299:. In cultures which used cyclic calendars based on the winter solstice, the "year as reborn" was celebrated with reference to
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1389:
440:
in
Germany. The yellow lines indicate the directions in which sunrise and sunset are seen on the day of the winter solstice.
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2201:
2702:
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was oriented outwards from the middle of the monument, i.e. its smooth flat face was turned towards the midwinter Sun.
243:
is also used synonymously with the winter solstice, although it carries other meanings as well. Traditionally, in many
2133:
2552:† dagger indicates extinction. ° degree symbol indicates changes in date, name or location. ( ) indicate demographic
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256:
Since prehistory, the winter solstice has been a significant time of year in many cultures and has been marked by
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2070:(2nd English Edition with corrections as of August 10, 2009 ed.). Richmond, Virginia: Willmann-Bell, Inc.
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is elusive. The Sun moves too slowly or appears to stand still (the meaning of "solstice"). However, by use of
300:
129:
1875:
1515:"Winter Solstice celebrations: a.k.a. Christmas, Saturnalia, Yule, the Long Night, the start of Winter, etc"
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412:
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602:
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In the ancient Roman calendar, December 25 was the date of the winter solstice. In AD 274, the emperor
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poetry (esp. Hafez). Nuts, pomegranates and watermelons are particularly served during this festival.
2043:
547:
500:
248:
46:
2752:
2101:
2054:
1759:
1720:
Nothaft, C. Philipp E. (2013). "Early
Christian Chronology and the Origins of the Christmas Date".
1365:
1352:): Harvest Festival – Marks the end of the cold months and start of the new month with longer days.
1321:
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193:
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118:
110:
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Jul, disting och förkyrklig tideräkning: Kalendrar och kalendariska riter i det förkristna Norden
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Although the instant of the solstice can be calculated, direct observation of the moment by
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601:(sun). It is observed each year in January. It marks the first day of Sun's transit into
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327:
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2395:
2389:
684:
624:
620:
614:
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235:(December 21, December 22, or December 23) and in the Southern Hemisphere, this is the
2097:"Winter solstice 2015: Everything you need to know about the shortest day of the year"
1996:
1876:"Goin' Japanesque!: Japanese Winter Solstice Traditions; A Day for Kabocha and Yuzuyu"
605:, marking the end of the month with the winter solstice and the start of longer days.
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2624:
1706:
1339:
1301:
1253:
1189:
1183:
710:
705:
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Iranian people celebrate the night of the
Northern Hemisphere's winter solstice as, "
526:
437:
236:
158:
146:
405:) to appropriate the Roman winter solstice festival marking the sun god's birthday (
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641:
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209:
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1454:
1239:
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1209:
560:
449:
399:
A widely-held theory is that the Church chose
December 25 as Christ's birthday (
347:
archaeological sites in Europe are associated with the winter solstice, such as
213:
205:
1328:): Used to coincide with the winter solstice day, now celebrated on December 13
17:
2659:
2488:
2267:
2250:
1976:
1690:
1675:"The Origins of the Christmas Date: Some Recent Trends in Historical Research"
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542:
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52:
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1957:
1737:
1658:
Bradshaw, Paul (2020). "The Dating of
Christmas". In Larsen, Timothy (ed.).
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the instant. This is often done by observing sunrise and sunset or using an
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538:
510:
459:
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2426:
2379:
1414:
1404:
1259:
1179:
1145:
1112:
693:
656:, and rejoicing afterward, which festival later developed into the Roman
590:
514:
373:
312:
304:
217:
197:
1362:): Cultural festival marking the beginning of the winter harvest season.
2681:
2637:
2305:
1459:
1434:
1429:
1409:
1308:): Feast of Êzîd – Celebrated on the last Friday before winter solstice
1305:
1243:
1219:
1175:
1102:
689:
661:
530:
296:
201:
142:
30:
This article is about the astronomical phenomenon. For other uses, see
1485:
Shipman, James; Wilson, Jerry D.; Todd, Aaron (2007). "Section 15.5".
2665:
2611:
1464:
1287:
637:
623:", which is known to be the "longest and darkest night of the year".
261:
228:
2628:
2560:
429:
356:
2723:
1879:
1789:
448:
the winter solstice was generally deemed to be 25 December, and in
2498:
2482:
2458:
2416:
2369:
2365:
2353:
2287:
1977:"Earth's Seasons - Equinoxes, Solstices, Perihelion, and Aphelion"
1439:
1349:
1335:
1233:
598:
556:
525:
Sunlight directed through the 17 arches of
Seventeen Arch Bridge,
520:
504:
428:
326:
173:
136:
204:
and longest night of the year, and when the Sun is at its lowest
2606:
2504:
2295:
2271:
2236:
1972:
1551:
Echoes of the
Ancient Skies: The Astronomy of Lost Civilizations
1273:
1213:
1169:
669:
649:
564:
470:
55:
in England during the winter solstice in the Northern Hemisphere
2564:
2190:
1642:
Time in Roman Religion: One Thousand Years of Religious History
276:
are aligned with the sunrise or sunset on the winter solstice.
185:
1775:
Winters in the World: A Journey through the Anglo-Saxon Year
1849:
541:, the winter solstice has been celebrated as one of the
2124:"Everything You Need to Know About the Winter Solstice"
411:). According to C. Philipp E. Nothaft, a professor at
652:
first established the tradition of fasting before the
563:
in the winter, there is a custom to soak oneself in a
483:, describes a Yule feast hosted by the Norwegian king
220:
around its winter solstice. The opposite event is the
188:. This happens twice yearly, once in each hemisphere (
2700:
2150:"Welcoming Brighter Days on Yalda With Pomegranates"
1591:
Solving Stonehenge: The New Key to an Ancient Enigma
593:: मकर संक्रांति) or Maghi, is a festival day in the
2528:
2409:
2315:
2260:
2229:
227:The winter solstice occurs during the hemisphere's
125:
103:
95:
91:
Beginning of lengthening days and shortening nights
87:
79:
71:
60:
39:
1898:
1896:
1823:
589:Makara Sankranti, also known as Makara Sankrānti (
1933:The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Hinduism: A - M
666:
479:, written in the 13th century by the Icelander
1756:The Old English Metrical Calendar (Menologium)
1553:. Courier Corporation, 2012. pp. 119, 125, 195
2576:
2202:
8:
1318:): Celebrated shortly before winter solstice
2685:
2663:
2641:
2615:
1653:
1651:
1579:. University of Oklahoma Press, 1985. p. 50
1517:. Religious Tolerance.org. August 5, 2015 .
406:
400:
383:
377:
315:cleaning tradition), and "reversal" (as in
2583:
2569:
2561:
2209:
2195:
2187:
1635:
1633:
1631:
1629:
1622:. Manchester University Press. p. 85.
1119:Holidays celebrated on the winter solstice
738:
735:
732:
729:
719:
714:
709:
704:
231:. In the Northern Hemisphere, this is the
45:
36:
1662:. Oxford University Press. pp. 4–10.
107:December 21, December 22, or December 23
2022:Équinoxe de printemps entre 1583 et 2999
1971:Astronomical Applications Department of
1722:Questions Liturgiques/Studies in Liturgy
681:
489:Christianisation of the Germanic peoples
458:could mean both the winter solstice and
2707:
1997:"Solstices and Equinoxes: 2001 to 2100"
1936:. Rosen Publishing Group. p. 411.
1477:
2095:Macphail, Cameron (20 December 2015).
1113:earliest and latest sunrise and sunset
67:; the Shortest Day; the Longest Night
7:
1644:. Routledge. pp. 113, 123, 141.
2182:Table of times/dates from 1600–2400
1673:Nothaft, C. P. E. (December 2012).
1487:An Introduction to Physical Science
1395:Festival of Lights (disambiguation)
469:celebrated a winter holiday called
376:made this the date of the festival
196:). For that hemisphere, the winter
145:with the transition points of the
25:
2148:Deravian, Naz (6 December 2021).
2044:Équinoxe d’automne de 1583 à 2999
1906:Hindu Prayers, Gods and Festivals
1777:. Reaktion Books. pp. 70–71.
1618:O'Neill, William Matthew (1976).
1342:): 105 days after winter solstice
1108:astronomically aligned instrument
335:in Ireland on the winter solstice
331:Sunlight entering the passage of
280:History and cultural significance
2758:
2746:
2734:
2722:
2710:
2497:°: Ireland, Isle of Man, Wales (
1660:The Oxford Handbook of Christmas
319:'s slave and master reversals).
115:and June 20, June 21, or June 22
32:Winter solstice (disambiguation)
2122:Handwerk, Brian (2015-12-21).
1566:. The Free Press, 1996. p. 530
1390:Effect of Sun angle on climate
1:
2033:Solstice d’été de 1583 à 2999
1903:Kamal Kumar Tumuluru (2015).
303:or "new beginnings" (such as
200:is the day with the shortest
1930:James G. Lochtefeld (2002).
1276:in the Northern Hemisphere (
1754:Karasawa, Kazutomo (2015).
653:
2827:
2443:Dies Natalis Solis Invicti
1788:Nordberg, Andreas (2006).
1356:Winter at Tantora Festival
1099:astronomical data tracking
612:
582:
498:
422:
408:Dies Natalis Solis Invicti
379:Dies Natalis Solis Invicti
301:life-death-rebirth deities
253:), or the "shortest day".
29:
2796:International observances
2598:
2549:
1909:. Partridge. p. 30.
1691:10.1017/S0009640712001941
1589:Johnson, Anthony (2008).
1489:(12th ed.). Boston:
1062:
1033:
1004:
975:
946:
917:
888:
859:
830:
801:
772:
767:
764:
761:
758:
755:
752:
749:
746:
743:
726:
701:
640:legend found in tractate
572:
513:emerging from a cave (by
44:
1773:Parker, Eleanor (2023).
1577:Early Man and the Cosmos
1368:, in southern hemisphere
1136:Blue Christmas (holiday)
597:, in reference to deity
559:, in order not to catch
355:in Ireland. The primary
172:, occurs when either of
2629:
2068:Astronomical Algorithms
1738:10.2143/QL.94.3.3007366
1640:Forsythe, Gary (2012).
1296:Other related festivals
543:Twenty-four Solar Terms
206:daily maximum elevation
27:Astronomical phenomenon
2686:
2664:
2642:
2616:
1620:Time and the Calendars
1529:"History of Christmas"
675:
534:
533:around winter solstice
518:
467:North Germanic peoples
441:
413:Trinity College Dublin
407:
401:
384:
378:
336:
161:
83:Cultural, astronomical
524:
509:Japanese Sun goddess
508:
432:
330:
140:
2786:December observances
2284:° (African American)
2136:on December 23, 2015
2066:Meeus, Jean (2009).
1760:Boydell & Brewer
1597:. pp. 252–253.
501:Dongzhi (solar term)
402:Dies Natalis Christi
180:reaches its maximum
2781:Astronomical events
2129:National Geographic
2109:on 18 December 2015
2102:The Daily Telegraph
1958:"Avodah Zarah 8a:7"
1595:Thames & Hudson
698:
646:talmudic hypothesis
446:Anglo-Saxon England
214:continuous darkness
119:Southern Hemisphere
111:Northern Hemisphere
2155:The New York Times
2003:. 20 February 2018
1380:Burning the Clocks
1332:Cold Food Festival
1204:Theravada Buddhism
682:
644:8a puts forth the
603:Makara (Capricorn)
535:
519:
442:
382:, the birthday of
337:
202:period of daylight
168:, also called the
162:
2698:
2697:
2592:Wheel of the Year
2558:
2557:
2553:
2435:: Roman Empire° (
2334:Deygān, Maidyarem
2162:on 3 January 2022
2077:978-0-943396-61-3
1943:978-0-8239-2287-1
1916:978-1-4828-4707-9
1762:. pp. 36–37.
1575:Hadingham, Evan.
1500:978-0-618-92696-1
1385:Christmas in July
1140:Western Christian
1095:visual perception
1091:
1090:
687:date and time of
274:Cahokia Woodhenge
233:December solstice
208:in the sky. Each
170:hibernal solstice
155:December solstice
151:September equinox
135:
134:
16:(Redirected from
2818:
2811:Winter phenomena
2806:Winter festivals
2791:June observances
2763:
2762:
2751:
2750:
2749:
2739:
2738:
2737:
2727:
2726:
2715:
2714:
2713:
2706:
2691:
2673:Autumnal equinox
2669:
2647:
2634:
2621:
2585:
2578:
2571:
2562:
2551:
2538:°: New Zealand (
2429:: Ancient Greece
2211:
2204:
2197:
2188:
2171:
2169:
2167:
2158:. Archived from
2144:
2142:
2141:
2132:. Archived from
2118:
2116:
2114:
2105:. Archived from
2082:
2081:
2063:
2057:
2055:Solstice d’hiver
2052:
2046:
2041:
2035:
2030:
2024:
2019:
2013:
2012:
2010:
2008:
1993:
1987:
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1962:
1961:
1954:
1948:
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1927:
1921:
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1890:
1888:
1887:
1878:. Archived from
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1840:
1839:
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1536:
1525:
1519:
1518:
1511:
1505:
1504:
1491:Houghton Mifflin
1482:
1366:Saint John's Eve
1322:Saint Lucy's Day
1156:Dongzhi Festival
699:
574:
481:Snorri Sturluson
410:
404:
389:
381:
323:Neolithic Europe
130:Winter festivals
75:Various cultures
72:Observed by
49:
37:
21:
2826:
2825:
2821:
2820:
2819:
2817:
2816:
2815:
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2769:
2757:
2747:
2745:
2735:
2733:
2721:
2711:
2709:
2701:
2699:
2694:
2651:Summer solstice
2594:
2589:
2559:
2554:
2545:
2524:
2475:Montol Festival
2405:
2376:Sanghamitta Day
2362:Makar Sankranti
2311:
2256:
2249:: West Africa (
2225:
2218:Winter solstice
2215:
2178:
2165:
2163:
2147:
2139:
2137:
2121:
2112:
2110:
2094:
2091:
2089:Further reading
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2085:
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2064:
2060:
2053:
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2042:
2038:
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2027:
2020:
2016:
2006:
2004:
2001:AstroPixels.com
1995:
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1917:
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1859:
1857:
1856:. 17 March 2023
1848:
1847:
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1833:
1831:
1830:. 17 March 2023
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1522:
1513:
1512:
1508:
1501:
1493:. p. 423.
1484:
1483:
1479:
1474:
1469:
1450:Summer solstice
1400:Festive ecology
1375:
1346:Makar Sankranti
1298:
1293:
1200:Sanghamitta Day
1121:
697:
688:
680:
654:winter solstice
634:
617:
611:
587:
585:Makar Sankranti
581:
503:
497:
485:Haakon the Good
427:
421:
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339:Some important
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222:summer solstice
166:winter solstice
126:Related to
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40:Winter solstice
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1882:on 2019-08-07
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1531:. History.com
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527:Summer Palace
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438:Goseck circle
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368:Ancient Roman
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237:June solstice
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159:March equinox
156:
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147:June solstice
144:
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78:
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38:
33:
19:
2753:Solar System
2602:
2515:Ziemassvētki
2479:Mummer's Day
2386:Şeva Zistanê
2333:
2328:
2301:
2217:
2164:. Retrieved
2160:the original
2153:
2138:. Retrieved
2134:the original
2127:
2111:. Retrieved
2107:the original
2100:
2067:
2061:
2050:
2039:
2028:
2017:
2005:. Retrieved
2000:
1991:
1980:. Retrieved
1966:
1952:
1932:
1925:
1905:
1884:. Retrieved
1880:the original
1870:
1858:. Retrieved
1853:
1844:
1832:. Retrieved
1827:
1818:
1790:
1783:
1774:
1768:
1755:
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1725:
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1584:
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1558:
1550:
1549:Krupp, E C.
1545:
1533:. Retrieved
1523:
1509:
1486:
1480:
1410:Halcyon days
1360:Saudi Arabia
1316:Ancient Rome
1284:Ziemassvētki
1268:Central Asia
1150:Ancient Rome
1126:Alban Arthan
1092:
667:
642:Avodah Zarah
635:
618:
588:
546:
536:
476:Heimskringla
474:
464:
453:
443:
398:
391:
386:Sol Invictus
371:
338:
308:
294:
283:
255:
249:
226:
212:experiences
210:polar region
169:
165:
163:
96:Celebrations
88:Significance
2741:Outer space
2688:Calan Gaeaf
2469:Anglo-Saxon
2467:: England (
2451:°: Scotland
2338:Zoroastrian
2302:We Tripantu
2113:20 December
2007:21 December
1455:Thai Pongal
1240:We Tripantu
1210:Shabe Yalda
678:Observation
625:Yalda night
621:Yalda night
615:Yaldā Night
575:= Yuzuyu).
450:Old English
290:slaughtered
61:Also called
2775:Categories
2666:Calan Awst
2660:Lughnasadh
2517:: Baltic (
2495:Wren's Day
2489:Saturnalia
2348:East Asian
2268:Inti Raymi
2247:Dzon'ku Nu
2140:2015-12-21
1982:2022-08-01
1886:2018-03-03
1854:Wiktionary
1828:Wiktionary
1564:Stonehenge
1535:January 2,
1472:References
1425:Joss paper
1420:HumanLight
1312:Saturnalia
1250:Willkakuti
1230:Uttarayana
1194:Antarctica
1166:Inti Raymi
736:September
658:Saturnalia
567:hot bath (
495:East Asian
393:Saturnalia
349:Stonehenge
345:Bronze Age
343:and early
317:Saturnalia
270:Stonehenge
53:Stonehenge
51:Sunset at
2801:Solstices
2717:Astronomy
2655:Midsummer
2644:Calan Mai
2618:Gŵyl Fair
2603:Midwinter
2465:Mōdraniht
2437:Christian
2433:Christmas
2323:Amaterasu
2304:: Chile (
2282:Caribbean
2270:°: Peru (
2224:festivals
2222:midwinter
2166:3 January
1810:0065-0897
1707:145151430
1699:0009-6407
1445:Midsummer
1326:Christian
1286:(ancient
1160:East Asia
739:December
694:solstices
690:equinoxes
670:First Man
668:When the
545:, called
539:East Asia
511:Amaterasu
460:Christmas
455:midwinter
434:Neolithic
425:Midwinter
362:Trilithon
353:Newgrange
341:Neolithic
333:Newgrange
286:Neolithic
266:Newgrange
258:festivals
245:temperate
241:midwinter
65:Midwinter
2765:Holidays
2536:Matariki
2509:Germanic
2455:Korochun
2449:Hogmanay
2427:Brumalia
2398:: Iran (
2380:Buddhist
2278:Jonkonnu
2261:Americas
2239:: Mali (
1860:26 March
1834:26 March
1415:Hanukkah
1405:Festivus
1373:See also
1278:Germanic
1180:Korochun
1146:Brumalia
721:solstice
711:solstice
696:on Earth
662:Kalendae
591:Sanskrit
569:Japanese
551:(冬至) in
515:Kunisada
436:site of
419:Germanic
374:Aurelian
313:New Year
305:Hogmanay
218:twilight
198:solstice
194:Southern
190:Northern
99:Feasting
2703:Portals
2682:Samhain
2638:Beltane
2529:Oceania
2400:Persian
2390:Kurdish
2329:Choimus
2325:: Japan
2306:Mapuche
1732:: 248.
1730:Peeters
1460:Tekufah
1435:Kwanzaa
1430:Koliada
1264:Western
1244:Mapuche
1220:Shalako
1176:Koliada
1103:azimuth
716:equinox
706:equinox
638:Aggadic
609:Iranian
553:Chinese
548:Dongzhi
531:Beijing
309:redding
297:Sun god
250:Dongzhi
143:seasons
2631:Ostara
2612:Imbolc
2519:Romuva
2491:: Rome
2410:Europe
2358:Pongal
2290:: US (
2251:Papaws
2230:Africa
2074:
1940:
1913:
1824:"Yule"
1808:
1798:
1705:
1697:
1601:
1497:
1465:Tirgan
1306:Yazidi
1288:Latvia
1254:Aymara
1184:Slavic
1087:14:14
1058:08:20
1029:02:43
1000:20:50
971:15:03
942:09:20
913:03:28
884:21:48
855:15:59
826:10:03
797:04:19
730:March
727:month
702:event
632:Judaic
579:Indian
473:. The
272:, and
229:winter
157:, and
2729:Stars
2677:Mabon
2540:Māori
2499:Celts
2483:Celts
2459:Slavs
2421:Saami
2417:Beiwe
2396:Yalda
2370:Hindu
2366:India
2354:Lohri
2288:Soyal
2241:Dogon
1850:"jul"
1728:(3).
1703:S2CID
1440:Lohri
1350:India
1336:Korea
1260:Yaldā
1234:India
1130:Welsh
1081:17:37
1075:01:48
1069:08:01
1063:2029
1052:11:45
1046:20:02
1040:02:17
1034:2028
1023:06:02
1017:14:11
1011:20:25
1005:2027
994:00:06
988:08:25
982:14:46
976:2026
965:18:20
959:02:42
953:09:02
947:2025
936:12:44
930:20:51
924:03:07
918:2024
907:06:50
901:14:58
895:21:25
889:2023
878:01:04
872:09:14
866:15:33
860:2022
849:19:21
843:03:32
837:09:37
831:2021
820:13:31
814:21:43
808:03:50
802:2020
791:07:50
785:15:54
779:21:58
773:2019
768:time
762:time
756:time
750:time
744:year
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