1854:"...training through self-cultivation was encouraged, and nominal and formulaic instructions from pretentious masters were despised. Eminent monks, who practiced meditation and asceticism but without proper dharma transmission, were acclaimed as acquiring 'wisdom without teachers' (wushizhi), a laudable title for them but a misfortune in the eyes of the more orthodox Chan masters in later generations, for whom dharma transmission defined their identity as Chan monks in a certain lineage. The negative attitude toward the role of teacher can be seen from Hanshan Deqing’s perspective. Though never receiving dharma transmission, he was often asked to write prefaces to the records of transmission in some obscure lineages. His writings testify that although the practice of dharma transmission was revived, Hanshan Deqing questioned its value seriously. For him, the enlightenment of the mind was more important than the nominal claim of dharma transmission. Because true enlightenment experience was valued, a few self-proclaimed Chan masters in the late Ming gained reputations as eminent monks without acquiring dharma transmission."
1748:
understand the wisdom, powers and confidence of the Tathāgata (tathāgata-jñāna-bala-vaiśāradya), for the sake of the welfare and happiness of many people, out of compassion for the world, for the benefit, welfare and happiness of many people, both gods and men, for the sake of the parinirvāṇa of all beings. They are said to be those who, desiring the great vehicle (mahāyāna; tathāgatayāna), escape from the threefold world. Therefore, they are called bodhisattva-mahāsattvas. They are just like some of the boys, who escaped from that burning house, desiring a cart yoked with oxen (go-ratha).”
1771:, in which it is listed as a quality of the wisdom (jñāna) of the Buddha's attainment of Buddhahood. The Buddha is described as having "perfectly cognized its unutterable nature by one-self (svayam), i.e. by means of self-born knowledge which needs no teacher." The same text also explains how the Buddha's awakening is "not dependent on others" (aparapratyayabhisambodhi), "because it is realized through one's innate knowledge".
987:
5430:
2006:
instruction by drawing inspiration from the
Buddhist scriptures. In the spirit of self-reliance that is central to Buddhism, he took responsibility for his own spiritual development and followed the path of practice outlined in the scriptures and confirmed through his own Sŏn meditation. Chinul's progress in Buddhist practice was, therefore, based on using scriptural instructions to perfect formal Sŏn practice."
23:
5441:
1833:
activate the false and deluded, you will become all mixed up with false thoughts. Although some external spiritual compatriots may be teachers, they cannot save you. If you activate the correct and true and contemplate with prajñā, in a single instant false thoughts will be completely eradicated. If you recognize the self-nature, with a single enlightenment you will attain the stage of buddhahood.
2839:
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58:
1883:, and relying on these texts, was able to verify his awakening and even declared himself to be Huihong's heir, although the two men were separated by many centuries. This phenomenon, known as "transmission by remote succession", was common in the late Ming when masters were unable to find proper teachers. Hanyue later wrote in his
2589:
2005:
Jinul's intellect and preference for solitude led him to focus on self-study of the scriptures. According to
Buswell, Jinul's relationship with his preceptor "does not seem to have been especially close". Having never had a permanent teacher, Buswell observes, "Chinul made up for the lack of personal
1760:
The Lord, having awakened through his own power (svayaṃbhū), entered into the state of perfect awakening (abhisaṃbuddha) by himself (svayam) to all moments of existence without a teacher (anācāryakam); The Lord is the leader (nāyaka), and teaches the right way (samyagmārgadeśika) to those on bad ways
1942:
This Dharma isn't anything you can learn from someone else. Even if she did see me, it would not help. Please convey this message to her from me. Everybody's mind is the Buddha Mind, which is originally enlightened, so it's not something that is "born" or that "dies"; it neither comes nor goes, but
1832:
If you can become enlightened yourself, don’t rely on external seeking—don’t think I’m saying you can only attain emancipation through a spiritual compatriot other than yourself. This is not the case! Why? Within your own minds there is a spiritual compatriot become enlightened by yourself! If you
1654:
writes that since the risk of self-delusion is high, it is common for Zen disciples to rely on their teacher to "authenticate and formally acknowledge" their enlightenment experience. In spite of this, there have been Zen masters throughout history that have claimed to have awakened without the aid
1984:
In today’s Zen temples they transmit the robe and bowl ; but while the name continues, the reality has long ceased to exist. Those who carry on the wisdom of the buddhas and patriarchs rely on themselves, being enlightened independently, without a teacher; so that even though the name has ceased,
1979:
master Dokuan Genkō (1630–1698) was scathingly critical of the dharma transmission method which he called "paper Zen". According to Dokuan, "what is called Zen enlightenment is not dependent on another’s enlightenment. It is only what you realize for yourself, attain for yourself, just as you know
1867:
instead of through the traditional method of relying on a master. Hanshan wrote that "After my great awakening, having no one to confirm and testify to it, I opened the Śūraṅgama Sūtra to verify my experience. I had not listened previously to lectures on this Sūtra and so did not know its meaning.
2088:
Faure: "Keizan's attitude is ambiguous. Sometimes, like Dogen in his hardly veiled criticism of the
Darumashu, he insists on the importance of a face-to-face transmission between master and disciple, authenticated by a certificate of succession. At other times he seems to admit the possibility of
1747:
There are other people, who, desiring the wisdom of the
Omniscient One (sarvajña-jñāna), the wisdom of the buddhas (buddha-jñāna), the wisdom of the Self- generated One (svayaṃbhu-jñāna), wisdom without a teacher (anācāryaka jñāna), apply themselves to the teaching of the Tathāgata in order to
1868:
Now by using the power of the direct reasoning of the nondiscriminating mind and without even the slightest use of its consciousness since there was no room for thinking, I gained after eight months a complete comprehension of its profound meaning without having a single doubt left."
1917:, the ultimate Zen principle that every practitioner had to actualize, even while studying under competent teachers and reading the sutras for a number of years." Independent, critical, reflective thinking as an integral part of meditation is mentioned in the fascicles of the
2013:, founder of the One Mind Sŏn Center, is said to have awakened by herself without instructions from a teacher. According to Pori Park, Daehaeng "awakened herself through many years of ascetic practices rather than through teachers or going through formal Buddhist training."
1963:, there were a great many priests who proclaimed to be "self-enlightened." According to Haskel "one of the most striking features of early Tokugawa Zen is the number of celebrated priests who achieved realization on their own". These figures included "such notables as the
1934:
was critical of written dharma transmission documents and ripped up his own transmission certificate. Later, Bankei expressed dissatisfaction with his teacher's level of attainment, feeling he had not grasped the full meaning of the unborn buddha mind.
1980:
when you’ve eaten enough rice to satisfy your hunger, or drunk enough water to slake your thirst". Dokuan's critique of the transmission system went as far as to claim that only those who were self-awakened actually had the wisdom of the Buddha:
1849:
did not belong to any formal lineage. According to Jiang Wu, these eminent Ming Chan monks emphasized self-cultivation while criticizing nominal recognition through "dharma transmission" documents. Wu writes that for such monks at this
1899:(died 1196), the founder of the Daruma school, is one Japanese example of mushi-dokugo. He is said to have declared himself to have been a self-enlightened teacher after having abandoned the traditional Tendai establishment.
411:
1774:
A parallel term is the self- or masterless ordination (svāmaṃ/ svayambhūtva or anācāryaka upasampadā) in which a
Buddhist monk ordains himself without a quorum of monks. The idea is found in Vasubandhu's
1871:
Similarly, the Ming Chan monk Hanyue Fazang (1573-1635) had an awakening as a young man but could not find any masters to confirm his experience. He turned to the writings of the Song dynasty master
2025:
is known as one of the most respected
Vietnamese Zen teachers in all of Vietnam. He is famously known to have achieved an enlightenment experience through his own efforts without a Zen teacher.
2002:
could also be seen as examples. Wohnyo is famously known for his awakening experience after accidentally drinking water from a skull one night while staying in a dark cave during his travels.
3580:
1790:
1655:
of a teacher and to not have required a teacher to confirm their awakening. This phenomenon is often related to criticisms of Zen institutions, especially the institutions of
377:
1927:. In modern Soto Zen, dharma transmission (shiho) is considered necessary to be an authorized representative of the Soto school but it does not indicate one is enlightened.
2970:
2306:
Tibetan
Genealogies: Studies in Memoriam of Guge Tsering Gyalpo (1961-2015) , ed. Guntram Hazod and Shen Weirong (Beijing: Zhongguo zangxue chubanshe, 2018), pp 403-450.
441:
397:
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Travagnin, Stefania. “The
Madhyamika dimension of Yinshun : A restatement of the School of Nagarjuna in 20th century Chinese Buddhism,” pp. 220-223. (2009).
1923:. That being said, Dogen also wrote that dharma transmission through teacher-student relationships was necessary. The idea of mushi-dokugo is also discussed by
1951:
a buddha right from the start. That's why, instead of following other people's spiritual guidance, it's best to look to your own ordinary straightforward mind.
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1887:, “from now on, people who attain enlightenment without a master (wushi ziwu 無師自悟) can use this text to verify their enlightenment (yuci zhengzhi 於此證之).”
3048:
1698:). When strung together, the characters literally read, "no (無) master (師) independent (独) understanding (悟)." The equivalent Chinese pronunciation is
2805:
2131:
Nguyen, T.T.D. (Re-)invented Chan
Lineage, Unique Vietnamese Meditation School, or Both? Thích Thanh Từ’s “Revived” Trúc Lâm Tradition of Thiền Tông.
5315:
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2303:
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Uplifting
Spiritual Cultivation for Lay People: Bhikṣuṇī Master Daehaeng (1927–2012) of the Hanmaum Seonwon (One Mind Sŏn Center) in South Korea
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1913:, acknowledged in his lifetime that such a phenomenon exists. According to Hee-Jin Kim, "enlightenment-by-oneself, without a teacher
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The idea of wisdom without a teacher is often considered suspect among various Zen schools, like in the modern Japanese
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Buswell, Robert E. The Korean Approach to Zen: The Collected Works of Chinul, page 20, University of Hawaii Press, 1983
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A Study on the "Ratnagotravibhāga" (Uttaratantra): Being a Treatise on the Tathāgatagarbha Theory of Mahāyāna Buddhism
2278:
A Study on the "Ratnagotravibhāga" (Uttaratantra): Being a Treatise on the Tathāgatagarbha Theory of Mahāyāna Buddhism
2243:
Annual Report of the International Research Institute for Advanced Buddhology at Soka University, v.18, 2015, 163-196.
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2332:. Translated from the Chinese of Zongbao, p. 33. Berkeley: Numata Center for Buddhist Translation and Research.
2319:. Translated from the Chinese of Zongbao, p. 17. Berkeley: Numata Center for Buddhist Translation and Research.
2241:"Vehicle (Yāna) and Wisdom (Jñāna) In the Lotus Sutra - the Origin Of the Notion Of Yāna In Mahayana Buddhism".
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The Surangama Sutra: A New Translation with Excerpts from the Commentary by the Venerable Master Hsuan Hua,
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1618:. svayaṃbhūjñāna anācāryaka), sometimes also called "self-enlightened and self-certified" (Jp: jigo-jishō
782:
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for example the Buddha proclaims: "I have no teacher (Na me ācariyo atthi), There is no-one like me."
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Heinrich Dumoulin, Zen Buddhism: A History, Volume 2: Japan, pages 7-14, World Wisdom, Inc., 2005
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2535:, Korean spirit and culture series, vol. 6, Seoul : Diamond Sutra Recitation Group, page 50
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2359:. Enlightenment in Dispute: The Reinvention of Chan Buddhism in Seventeenth-Century China
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vehicle in the section on the parable of the burning house. The relevant passage states:
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2304:"The Bird-faced Monk and the Beginnings of the New Tantric Tradition: Part One*".
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who is famously said to have achieved awakening while hearing someone chant the
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93:
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1714:
The idea that the Buddha awakened by himself without a teacher is found in the
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Chan Master Hanyue’s Attitude toward Sutra Teachings in the Ming Yi-hsun Huang
1956:
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2609:(1991). "Dharma Transmission in Soto Zen: Manzan Dohaku's Reform Movement".
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2570:, Contemporary Buddhism, 18:2, 419-436, DOI: 10.1080/14639947.2017.1377336
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He also wrote to a disciple that enlightenment did not require a teacher:
1902:
1896:
1635:
to refer to the experience of a Zen practitioner reaching enlightenment (
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1427:
1407:
1402:
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718:
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228:
161:
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2720:
The Laughing Buddha of Tofukuji: the Life of Zen Master Keido Fukushima
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1861:
is said to have confirmed his own awakening through his reading of the
1810:
1730:
1729:(knowledge) attained "through one's own power" (svayaṃbhū) "without an
1107:
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131:
57:
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1995:
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The quintessential example of this phenomenon is the Sixth patriarch
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is eternal, unalterable buddhahood. Thus, it's not a matter of your
1674:, meaning "independent realization without a master." The character
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5098:
5064:
5044:
5014:
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4078:
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4003:
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3724:
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3211:
2374:
page xli, note 52. Buddhist Text Translation Society, Aug 6, 2012.
2293:, p. 157. Istituto italiano per il Medio ed Estremo Oriente, 1966.
2280:, p. 158. Istituto italiano per il Medio ed Estremo Oriente, 1966.
1999:
1960:
1671:
1670:(無師独悟) is a Japanese term composed of four Chinese characters, or
1357:
750:
708:
686:
251:
2765:
Dogen on Meditation and Thinking: A Reflection on His View of Zen
5275:
4068:
3734:
3231:
297:
2787:
1614:(Chinese: 無師智, pinyin: wúshīzhì; Japanese: 無師独悟, mushi-dokugo,
4933:
3469:
1828:
itself states that it is possible to awaken without a teacher:
1629:
72:
47:
2216:
2555:
The Korean Approach to Zen: The Collected Works of Chinul,
2345:
p. 59. Asian Humanities Press, Berkeley, California, 1989.
1785:(monastic rule). The term can also refer to taking the
2675:
Visions of Power: Imagining Medieval Japanese Buddhism
2590:
Ten points to keep in mind about dharma transmission
2533:
Master Wonhyo: an overview of his life and teachings
2197:, pp. 20-26. University of Hawaii Press, May 1, 2001
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2482:
Bankei Zen: Translations from The Record of Bankei,
2456:
Bankei Zen: Translations from The Record of Bankei,
1761:(kumārgapratipanneṣu) without any leader (anāyaka).
2425:
2423:
2522:, p. 20. University of Hawaii Press, May 1, 2001.
2394:Journal of the Oxford Centre for Buddhist Studies
2509:, p. 3. University of Hawaii Press, May 1, 2001.
1837:During the Ming dynasty, important masters like
2484:pp. 137-138. Grove/Atlantic, Inc., Dec 1, 2007.
2217:"Ariyapariyesanā Sutta (MN 26) - SuttaCentral"
1621:
2799:
1947:a buddha now for the first time since you've
1789:by oneself, an act which is discussed in the
1592:
947:
8:
3581:Basic points unifying Theravāda and Mahāyāna
2557:pp. 20-21. University of Hawaii Press, 1983.
1690:(悟) means "realization" or "understanding" (
2806:
2792:
2784:
2142:, 352. https://doi.org/10.3390/rel15030352
1765:The term "anācāryaka" also appears in the
1725:A Sanskrit term which indicates a kind of
1643:without the aid of a master or teacher.
1599:
1585:
965:
954:
940:
17:
2741:Letting Go: The Story of Zen Master Tōsui
2520:Letting Go: The Story of Zen Master Tosui
2507:Letting Go: The Story of Zen Master Tosui
2343:Zibo, The Last Great Zen Master of China,
2330:The Platform Sutra of the Sixth Patriarch
2317:The Platform Sutra of the Sixth Patriarch
2195:Letting Go: The Story of Zen Master Tosui
2115:
2113:
2458:p. 9. Grove/Atlantic, Inc., Dec 1, 2007.
2181:
2151:
1686:(独) means "independent" or "alone", and
4768:Banishment of Buddhist monks from Nepal
2582:
2361:, p, 41. Oxford University Press, 2008.
2258:Bibliotheca Polyglotta (www2.hf.uio.no)
2109:
2081:
1694:), also translated as "enlightenment" (
977:
46:
4971:List of Buddhist architecture in China
2353:
2351:
2501:
2499:
2469:Zen Buddhism: A History, Vol II Japan
2443:Zen Buddhism: A History, Vol II Japan
2405:
2384:
2382:
2380:
2089:"awakening alone, without a master" (
2009:More recently, the Korean Sŏn master
1825:Platform Sutra of the Sixth Patriarch
1739:, chapter 3, in a description of the
7:
2127:
2125:
2429:
1967:masters Daigu, Ungo, Isshi and the
1885:Guiding Words on the Zhizheng zhuan
4758:Silk Road transmission of Buddhism
1050:Decline in the Indian subcontinent
1045:Silk Road transmission of Buddhism
14:
2619:(4). Sophia University: 423–451.
1682:(師) means "master" or "teacher",
873:Zen organisation and institutions
437:Anthology of the Patriarchal Hall
5439:
5429:
5428:
4986:Thai temple art and architecture
4731:Huichang persecution of Buddhism
2971:Iconography in Laos and Thailand
2837:
2824:
2814:
2531:Byeong-Jo Jeong; Wŏnhyo (2010).
1659:and transmission certificates.
1566:
985:
412:Two Entrances and Four Practices
56:
21:
2838:
4976:Japanese Buddhist architecture
4778:Sinhalese Buddhist nationalism
3858:Seven Factors of Enlightenment
3049:Places where the Buddha stayed
2744:. University of Hawaii Press.
2678:. Princeton University Press.
2169:Digital Dictionary of Buddhism
1930:The unconventional Zen master
1733:" (anācāryaka) appears in the
427:Sutra of Perfect Enlightenment
1:
4991:Tibetan Buddhist architecture
2021:The modern Vietnamese master
1985:the reality itself continues.
1752:The term also appears in the
1678:(無) means "without" or "no",
185:Hakuin's Four ways of knowing
4748:Buddhism and the Roman world
4724:Decline of Buddhism in India
4719:History of Buddhism in India
2819: Topics in
1248:Buddhist Paths to liberation
644:Yunmen Wenyan (Ummon Bun'en)
3946:Twenty-two vows of Ambedkar
3686:
1994:Famous Korean masters like
224:Doctrinal background of Zen
5488:
4896:The unanswerable questions
1792:Śrīmālādevisiṃhanāda sūtra
5424:
4981:Buddhist temples in Korea
3544:Chinese Esoteric Buddhism
3447:Three planes of existence
3054:Buddha in world religions
2833:
2070:Enlightenment in Buddhism
1895:The Japanese Zen teacher
1622:
624:Dongshan Liangjie (Tozan)
4763:Persecution of Buddhists
3984:Four stages of awakening
3365:Three marks of existence
2951:Physical characteristics
2302:van der Kuijp, Leonard.
1612:Wisdom without a teacher
550:Ordinary Mind Zen School
442:Transmission of the Lamp
147:Turning the light around
110:Zen in the United States
4126:Ten principal disciples
3009:(aunt, adoptive mother)
2672:Faure, Bernard (1996).
2254:"Gaganagañjaparipṛccha"
2165:"無師智 - untaught wisdom"
2154:, p. 179, note 25.
2097:was said to have done".
1268:Philosophical reasoning
868:Zen ranks and hierarchy
841:Category: Zen Buddhists
175:Ten Ox-Herding Pictures
4836:Buddhism and democracy
4349:Tibetan Buddhist canon
4344:Chinese Buddhist canon
3576:Pre-sectarian Buddhism
3571:Early Buddhist schools
1987:
1953:
1856:
1835:
1781:with reference to the
1763:
1750:
1035:Pre-sectarian Buddhism
500:Plum Village Tradition
460:East Mountain Teaching
422:The Awakening of Faith
318:Prostration (Buddhism)
137:Original enlightenment
4846:Eight Consciousnesses
2956:Life of Buddha in art
2699:. Tuttle Publishing.
2657:. World Wisdom, Inc.
1982:
1975:." The Tokugawa era
1940:
1905:, the founder of the
1852:
1830:
1758:
1754:Gaganagañjaparipṛccha
1745:
1720:Ariyapariyesanā Sutta
1716:Early Buddhist Texts.
1303:Aids to Enlightenment
1128:Dependent Origination
654:Dahui Zonggao (Tahui)
634:Linji Yixuan (Rinzai)
629:Xuefeng Yicun (Seppo)
614:Shitou Xiqian (Kisen)
515:Kwan Um School of Zen
398:Mahaparinirvana Sutra
368:Prajñaparamita sutras
362:Indian Mahayana texts
5323:East Asian religions
4753:Buddhism in the West
4324:Early Buddhist texts
3939:Four Right Exertions
3405:Ten spiritual realms
2898:Noble Eightfold Path
2607:Bodiford, William M.
2467:Dumoulin, Heinrich.
2441:Dumoulin, Heinrich.
2328:McRae, John (2000),
2315:McRae, John (2000),
1778:Abhidharmakoṣabhāṣya
1628:, is a term used in
1273:Devotional practices
1096:Noble Eightfold Path
267:Bodhisattva Precepts
5446:Religion portal
5193:Temple of the Tooth
5072:Jaya Sri Maha Bodhi
4111:Upāsaka and Upāsikā
3604:Bodhipakkhiyādhammā
3387:Two truths doctrine
3207:Mahapajapati Gotamī
3007:Mahapajapati Gotamī
2693:Grigg, Ray (2012).
2654:Zen Buddhism: Japan
2612:Monumenta Nipponica
2553:Buswell, Robert E.
2239:Karashima, Seishi.
2050:Dharma transmission
1657:dharma transmission
1573:Buddhism portal
1446:Buddhism by country
1208:Sanskrit literature
858:Dharma transmission
505:Order of Interbeing
485:Five Houses of Chán
229:Representation-only
180:Five ranks of Tozan
5368:Western philosophy
4966:Dzong architecture
4788:Vipassana movement
4783:Buddhist modernism
4211:Emperor Wen of Sui
3979:Pratyekabuddhayāna
3912:Threefold Training
3714:Vipassana movement
3430:Hungry Ghost realm
3250:Avidyā (Ignorance)
3197:Puṇṇa Mantānīputta
2946:Great Renunciation
2941:Eight Great Events
2823:
2649:Dumoulin, Heinrich
2408:, p. 145-146.
2289:Takasaki, Jikidō.
2276:Takasaki, Jikidō.
1060:Buddhist modernism
926:Pure Land Buddhism
863:Zen lineage charts
287:Walking meditation
5454:
5453:
5092:Om mani padme hum
4798:Women in Buddhism
4714:Buddhist councils
4584:Western countries
4372:Madhyamakālaṃkāra
4133:Shaolin Monastery
3710:Samatha-vipassanā
3320:Pratītyasamutpāda
3124:Metteyya/Maitreya
3042:
3034:
3026:
3018:
3010:
3002:
2994:
2871:Four Noble Truths
2775:978-0-7914-8090-8
2730:978-0-941532-62-4
2715:Harris, Ishwar C.
2706:978-1-4629-0745-8
2664:978-0-941532-90-7
2566:Pori Park (2017)
2396:2018 (15): 28-54.
2370:Epstein, Ronald.
1875:(1071–1128), the
1768:Ratnagotravibhāga
1609:
1608:
1091:Four Noble Truths
964:
963:
668:Zhongfeng Mingben
609:Mazu Daoyi (Baso)
545:White Plum Asanga
388:Vimalakirti Sutra
378:Śrīmālādevī Sūtra
373:Lankavatara Sutra
202:Bodhisattva ideal
5479:
5444:
5443:
5432:
5431:
5271:Sacred languages
5119:Maya Devi Temple
5082:Mahabodhi Temple
4886:Secular Buddhism
4851:Engaged Buddhism
3691:
3539:Tibetan Buddhism
3490:Vietnamese Thiền
3089:Mahāsthāmaprāpta
3040:
3032:
3024:
3016:
3008:
3000:
2992:
2841:
2840:
2828:
2818:
2808:
2801:
2794:
2785:
2779:
2755:
2734:
2723:. World Wisdom.
2710:
2689:
2668:
2644:
2592:
2587:
2571:
2564:
2558:
2551:
2545:
2542:
2536:
2529:
2523:
2516:
2510:
2503:
2494:
2491:
2485:
2478:
2472:
2465:
2459:
2452:
2446:
2439:
2433:
2427:
2418:
2415:
2409:
2403:
2397:
2388:Yi-hsun Huang. "
2386:
2375:
2368:
2362:
2355:
2346:
2339:
2333:
2326:
2320:
2313:
2307:
2300:
2294:
2287:
2281:
2274:
2268:
2267:
2265:
2264:
2250:
2244:
2237:
2231:
2230:
2228:
2227:
2213:
2207:
2204:
2198:
2191:
2185:
2179:
2173:
2172:
2161:
2155:
2149:
2143:
2129:
2120:
2117:
2098:
2086:
2017:Vietnamese Thien
1798:Bodhisattvabhūmi
1652:William Bodiford
1627:
1625:
1624:
1601:
1594:
1587:
1571:
1570:
1298:Sublime abidings
989:
966:
956:
949:
942:
767:Thiền in Vietnam
649:Yongming Yanshou
393:Avatamsaka Sutra
162:Sudden awakening
60:
50:
42:
38:
32:
25:
18:
5487:
5486:
5482:
5481:
5480:
5478:
5477:
5476:
5457:
5456:
5455:
5450:
5438:
5420:
5372:
5287:
5202:
4939:Ordination hall
4900:
4802:
4773:Buddhist crisis
4685:
4382:
4334:Mahayana sutras
4310:
4306:Thích Nhất Hạnh
4137:
4010:
3950:
3900:Bodhisattva vow
3585:
3451:
3391:
3350:Taṇhā (Craving)
3285:Five hindrances
3236:
3128:
3058:
2912:
2857:
2829:
2812:
2782:
2776:
2758:
2752:
2738:Haskel, Peter.
2737:
2731:
2713:
2707:
2692:
2686:
2671:
2665:
2647:
2625:10.2307/2385187
2605:
2601:
2596:
2595:
2588:
2584:
2579:
2574:
2565:
2561:
2552:
2548:
2543:
2539:
2530:
2526:
2518:Haskel, Peter.
2517:
2513:
2505:Haskel, Peter.
2504:
2497:
2492:
2488:
2480:Haskel, Peter.
2479:
2475:
2466:
2462:
2454:Haskel, Peter.
2453:
2449:
2440:
2436:
2428:
2421:
2416:
2412:
2404:
2400:
2387:
2378:
2369:
2365:
2356:
2349:
2340:
2336:
2327:
2323:
2314:
2310:
2301:
2297:
2288:
2284:
2275:
2271:
2262:
2260:
2252:
2251:
2247:
2238:
2234:
2225:
2223:
2215:
2214:
2210:
2205:
2201:
2193:Haskel, Peter.
2192:
2188:
2180:
2176:
2163:
2162:
2158:
2150:
2146:
2130:
2123:
2118:
2111:
2107:
2102:
2101:
2087:
2083:
2078:
2031:
2019:
1992:
1893:
1891:In Japanese Zen
1864:Śūraṅgama Sūtra
1807:
1805:In Chinese Chan
1787:bodhisattva vow
1712:
1707:
1665:
1619:
1605:
1565:
1558:
1557:
1448:
1438:
1437:
1388:
1378:
1377:
1343:
1333:
1332:
1238:
1228:
1227:
1198:Mahayana Sutras
1178:
1168:
1167:
1108:Five Aggregates
1086:
1085:
1065:
1064:
1055:Later Buddhists
1020:
960:
931:
930:
891:
890:Related schools
883:
882:
853:
845:
844:
810:Hakuun Yasutani
788:Thích Nhất Hạnh
573:
568:
560:
559:
555:Zen Peacemakers
480:Hongzhou school
455:
447:
446:
417:Śūraṅgama Sūtra
358:
348:
347:
343:Zen calligraphy
262:Bodhisattva vow
257:Six Perfections
247:
239:
238:
170:
128:
123:
115:
114:
68:
48:
40:
34:
30:
12:
11:
5:
5485:
5483:
5475:
5474:
5469:
5459:
5458:
5452:
5451:
5449:
5448:
5436:
5425:
5422:
5421:
5419:
5418:
5413:
5408:
5403:
5398:
5393:
5388:
5382:
5380:
5374:
5373:
5371:
5370:
5365:
5360:
5355:
5350:
5345:
5340:
5335:
5330:
5325:
5320:
5319:
5318:
5313:
5303:
5297:
5295:
5289:
5288:
5286:
5285:
5284:
5283:
5278:
5268:
5263:
5258:
5253:
5248:
5243:
5238:
5233:
5228:
5223:
5218:
5212:
5210:
5204:
5203:
5201:
5200:
5195:
5190:
5189:
5188:
5183:
5178:
5173:
5168:
5158:
5153:
5148:
5143:
5138:
5137:
5136:
5131:
5126:
5121:
5116:
5106:
5101:
5096:
5095:
5094:
5084:
5079:
5074:
5069:
5068:
5067:
5062:
5057:
5052:
5047:
5037:
5032:
5027:
5022:
5017:
5012:
5007:
5006:
5005:
5003:Greco-Buddhist
4995:
4994:
4993:
4988:
4983:
4978:
4973:
4968:
4963:
4958:
4957:
4956:
4954:Burmese pagoda
4946:
4941:
4936:
4931:
4926:
4921:
4910:
4908:
4902:
4901:
4899:
4898:
4893:
4888:
4883:
4878:
4873:
4868:
4863:
4858:
4853:
4848:
4843:
4838:
4833:
4828:
4823:
4818:
4812:
4810:
4804:
4803:
4801:
4800:
4795:
4790:
4785:
4780:
4775:
4770:
4765:
4760:
4755:
4750:
4745:
4744:
4743:
4736:Greco-Buddhism
4733:
4728:
4727:
4726:
4716:
4711:
4706:
4701:
4695:
4693:
4687:
4686:
4684:
4683:
4682:
4681:
4676:
4671:
4669:United Kingdom
4666:
4661:
4656:
4651:
4646:
4641:
4636:
4631:
4626:
4621:
4616:
4614:Czech Republic
4611:
4606:
4601:
4596:
4591:
4581:
4580:
4579:
4574:
4564:
4563:
4562:
4552:
4551:
4550:
4545:
4535:
4530:
4525:
4520:
4515:
4510:
4505:
4504:
4503:
4493:
4488:
4478:
4473:
4468:
4463:
4458:
4453:
4448:
4443:
4438:
4433:
4428:
4423:
4418:
4413:
4408:
4403:
4398:
4392:
4390:
4384:
4383:
4381:
4380:
4378:Abhidharmadīpa
4375:
4368:
4363:
4358:
4351:
4346:
4341:
4336:
4331:
4326:
4320:
4318:
4312:
4311:
4309:
4308:
4303:
4298:
4296:B. R. Ambedkar
4293:
4288:
4283:
4278:
4273:
4268:
4263:
4258:
4253:
4248:
4243:
4238:
4233:
4228:
4223:
4218:
4216:Songtsen Gampo
4213:
4208:
4203:
4198:
4193:
4188:
4183:
4178:
4173:
4168:
4163:
4158:
4153:
4147:
4145:
4139:
4138:
4136:
4135:
4130:
4129:
4128:
4118:
4113:
4108:
4103:
4098:
4093:
4092:
4091:
4081:
4076:
4071:
4066:
4061:
4056:
4051:
4046:
4041:
4036:
4031:
4026:
4020:
4018:
4012:
4011:
4009:
4008:
4007:
4006:
4001:
3996:
3991:
3981:
3976:
3971:
3966:
3960:
3958:
3952:
3951:
3949:
3948:
3943:
3942:
3941:
3931:
3930:
3929:
3924:
3919:
3909:
3908:
3907:
3902:
3897:
3895:Eight precepts
3892:
3882:
3881:
3880:
3875:
3870:
3865:
3855:
3854:
3853:
3843:
3838:
3833:
3832:
3831:
3826:
3821:
3811:
3806:
3801:
3796:
3791:
3790:
3789:
3784:
3774:
3769:
3768:
3767:
3762:
3757:
3752:
3747:
3742:
3737:
3732:
3727:
3722:
3717:
3707:
3702:
3697:
3692:
3683:
3673:
3668:
3666:Five Strengths
3663:
3658:
3653:
3648:
3643:
3638:
3633:
3632:
3631:
3626:
3621:
3616:
3606:
3601:
3595:
3593:
3587:
3586:
3584:
3583:
3578:
3573:
3568:
3563:
3558:
3557:
3556:
3551:
3546:
3541:
3531:
3530:
3529:
3524:
3519:
3514:
3509:
3504:
3499:
3494:
3493:
3492:
3487:
3482:
3477:
3461:
3459:
3453:
3452:
3450:
3449:
3444:
3443:
3442:
3437:
3432:
3427:
3422:
3417:
3407:
3401:
3399:
3393:
3392:
3390:
3389:
3384:
3383:
3382:
3377:
3372:
3362:
3357:
3352:
3347:
3342:
3337:
3332:
3327:
3322:
3317:
3312:
3307:
3305:Mental factors
3302:
3297:
3292:
3287:
3282:
3277:
3272:
3267:
3262:
3257:
3252:
3246:
3244:
3238:
3237:
3235:
3234:
3229:
3224:
3219:
3214:
3209:
3204:
3199:
3194:
3189:
3184:
3179:
3174:
3169:
3164:
3159:
3157:Mahamoggallāna
3154:
3149:
3144:
3138:
3136:
3130:
3129:
3127:
3126:
3121:
3116:
3111:
3106:
3101:
3096:
3091:
3086:
3081:
3080:
3079:
3072:Avalokiteśvara
3068:
3066:
3060:
3059:
3057:
3056:
3051:
3046:
3045:
3044:
3036:
3028:
3020:
3012:
3004:
2996:
2983:
2978:
2973:
2968:
2963:
2958:
2953:
2948:
2943:
2938:
2933:
2928:
2922:
2920:
2914:
2913:
2911:
2910:
2905:
2900:
2895:
2894:
2893:
2888:
2883:
2873:
2867:
2865:
2859:
2858:
2856:
2855:
2850:
2845:
2834:
2831:
2830:
2813:
2811:
2810:
2803:
2796:
2788:
2781:
2780:
2774:
2768:. SUNY Press.
2756:
2750:
2735:
2729:
2711:
2705:
2690:
2684:
2669:
2663:
2645:
2602:
2600:
2597:
2594:
2593:
2581:
2580:
2578:
2575:
2573:
2572:
2559:
2546:
2537:
2524:
2511:
2495:
2486:
2473:
2471:, 1994. p 313.
2460:
2447:
2445:, 1994. p 313.
2434:
2419:
2410:
2398:
2376:
2363:
2347:
2334:
2321:
2308:
2295:
2282:
2269:
2245:
2232:
2208:
2199:
2186:
2174:
2156:
2144:
2121:
2108:
2106:
2103:
2100:
2099:
2080:
2079:
2077:
2074:
2073:
2072:
2067:
2062:
2057:
2052:
2047:
2042:
2037:
2035:Pratyekabuddha
2030:
2027:
2023:Thích Thanh Từ
2018:
2015:
1991:
1988:
1915:(mushi-dokugo)
1892:
1889:
1881:Zhizheng zhuan
1873:Juefan Huihong
1859:Hanshan Deqing
1839:Hanshan Deqing
1806:
1803:
1711:
1710:Indian sources
1708:
1706:
1703:
1664:
1661:
1607:
1606:
1604:
1603:
1596:
1589:
1581:
1578:
1577:
1576:
1575:
1560:
1559:
1556:
1555:
1550:
1545:
1540:
1535:
1530:
1525:
1520:
1515:
1510:
1505:
1500:
1495:
1490:
1485:
1480:
1475:
1470:
1465:
1460:
1455:
1449:
1444:
1443:
1440:
1439:
1436:
1435:
1430:
1425:
1420:
1415:
1410:
1405:
1400:
1395:
1389:
1384:
1383:
1380:
1379:
1376:
1375:
1370:
1365:
1363:Pratyekabuddha
1360:
1355:
1350:
1344:
1339:
1338:
1335:
1334:
1331:
1330:
1325:
1320:
1318:Buddhist chant
1315:
1310:
1305:
1300:
1295:
1290:
1285:
1280:
1275:
1270:
1265:
1260:
1255:
1250:
1245:
1239:
1234:
1233:
1230:
1229:
1226:
1225:
1220:
1215:
1210:
1205:
1200:
1195:
1190:
1185:
1179:
1176:Buddhist texts
1174:
1173:
1170:
1169:
1166:
1165:
1160:
1155:
1150:
1145:
1140:
1135:
1130:
1125:
1120:
1115:
1110:
1105:
1104:
1103:
1093:
1087:
1084:
1083:
1078:
1072:
1071:
1070:
1067:
1066:
1063:
1062:
1057:
1052:
1047:
1042:
1037:
1032:
1027:
1021:
1016:
1015:
1012:
1011:
1010:
1009:
1004:
999:
991:
990:
982:
981:
975:
974:
962:
961:
959:
958:
951:
944:
936:
933:
932:
929:
928:
923:
918:
913:
908:
903:
898:
892:
889:
888:
885:
884:
881:
880:
878:Zen Narratives
875:
870:
865:
860:
854:
851:
850:
847:
846:
838:
837:
832:
827:
822:
820:Shunryū Suzuki
817:
815:Taizan Maezumi
812:
807:
796:
795:
793:Thích Thiên-Ân
790:
785:
783:Thích Thanh Từ
780:
778:Trần Nhân Tông
775:
773:Trần Thái Tông
764:
763:
758:
753:
748:
737:
736:
731:
726:
721:
716:
711:
700:
699:
694:
689:
676:
675:
673:Hanshan Deqing
670:
661:Post-classical
657:
656:
651:
646:
641:
636:
631:
626:
621:
616:
611:
606:
601:
596:
591:
586:
569:
566:
565:
562:
561:
558:
557:
552:
547:
542:
537:
532:
527:
522:
517:
512:
507:
502:
497:
492:
487:
482:
477:
472:
467:
462:
456:
453:
452:
449:
448:
445:
444:
439:
434:
432:Platform Sutra
429:
424:
419:
414:
401:
400:
395:
390:
385:
380:
375:
370:
359:
354:
353:
350:
349:
346:
345:
340:
335:
330:
325:
323:Buddhist chant
320:
315:
310:
305:
300:
295:
289:
284:
279:
274:
269:
264:
259:
254:
248:
245:
244:
241:
240:
237:
236:
231:
226:
221:
219:Zen and Sutras
210:
209:
204:
193:
192:
187:
182:
177:
165:
164:
159:
154:
149:
144:
139:
134:
124:
121:
120:
117:
116:
113:
112:
107:
99:
91:
83:
75:
69:
66:
65:
62:
61:
53:
52:
44:
43:
27:
26:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5484:
5473:
5470:
5468:
5465:
5464:
5462:
5447:
5442:
5437:
5435:
5427:
5426:
5423:
5417:
5414:
5412:
5409:
5407:
5404:
5402:
5399:
5397:
5394:
5392:
5389:
5387:
5384:
5383:
5381:
5379:
5375:
5369:
5366:
5364:
5361:
5359:
5356:
5354:
5351:
5349:
5346:
5344:
5341:
5339:
5336:
5334:
5331:
5329:
5326:
5324:
5321:
5317:
5314:
5312:
5309:
5308:
5307:
5304:
5302:
5299:
5298:
5296:
5294:
5290:
5282:
5279:
5277:
5274:
5273:
5272:
5269:
5267:
5264:
5262:
5259:
5257:
5254:
5252:
5249:
5247:
5244:
5242:
5239:
5237:
5234:
5232:
5229:
5227:
5224:
5222:
5219:
5217:
5214:
5213:
5211:
5209:
5208:Miscellaneous
5205:
5199:
5198:Vegetarianism
5196:
5194:
5191:
5187:
5184:
5182:
5179:
5177:
5174:
5172:
5169:
5167:
5164:
5163:
5162:
5159:
5157:
5154:
5152:
5149:
5147:
5144:
5142:
5139:
5135:
5132:
5130:
5127:
5125:
5122:
5120:
5117:
5115:
5112:
5111:
5110:
5107:
5105:
5102:
5100:
5097:
5093:
5090:
5089:
5088:
5085:
5083:
5080:
5078:
5075:
5073:
5070:
5066:
5063:
5061:
5058:
5056:
5053:
5051:
5048:
5046:
5043:
5042:
5041:
5038:
5036:
5033:
5031:
5028:
5026:
5023:
5021:
5020:Buddha in art
5018:
5016:
5013:
5011:
5008:
5004:
5001:
5000:
4999:
4996:
4992:
4989:
4987:
4984:
4982:
4979:
4977:
4974:
4972:
4969:
4967:
4964:
4962:
4959:
4955:
4952:
4951:
4950:
4947:
4945:
4942:
4940:
4937:
4935:
4932:
4930:
4927:
4925:
4922:
4920:
4917:
4916:
4915:
4912:
4911:
4909:
4907:
4903:
4897:
4894:
4892:
4889:
4887:
4884:
4882:
4879:
4877:
4874:
4872:
4869:
4867:
4864:
4862:
4859:
4857:
4854:
4852:
4849:
4847:
4844:
4842:
4839:
4837:
4834:
4832:
4829:
4827:
4824:
4822:
4819:
4817:
4814:
4813:
4811:
4809:
4805:
4799:
4796:
4794:
4791:
4789:
4786:
4784:
4781:
4779:
4776:
4774:
4771:
4769:
4766:
4764:
4761:
4759:
4756:
4754:
4751:
4749:
4746:
4742:
4739:
4738:
4737:
4734:
4732:
4729:
4725:
4722:
4721:
4720:
4717:
4715:
4712:
4710:
4707:
4705:
4702:
4700:
4697:
4696:
4694:
4692:
4688:
4680:
4677:
4675:
4674:United States
4672:
4670:
4667:
4665:
4662:
4660:
4657:
4655:
4652:
4650:
4647:
4645:
4642:
4640:
4637:
4635:
4632:
4630:
4627:
4625:
4622:
4620:
4617:
4615:
4612:
4610:
4607:
4605:
4602:
4600:
4597:
4595:
4592:
4590:
4587:
4586:
4585:
4582:
4578:
4575:
4573:
4570:
4569:
4568:
4565:
4561:
4558:
4557:
4556:
4553:
4549:
4546:
4544:
4541:
4540:
4539:
4536:
4534:
4531:
4529:
4526:
4524:
4521:
4519:
4516:
4514:
4511:
4509:
4506:
4501:
4497:
4494:
4492:
4489:
4487:
4484:
4483:
4482:
4479:
4477:
4474:
4472:
4469:
4467:
4464:
4462:
4459:
4457:
4454:
4452:
4449:
4447:
4444:
4442:
4439:
4437:
4434:
4432:
4429:
4427:
4424:
4422:
4419:
4417:
4414:
4412:
4409:
4407:
4404:
4402:
4399:
4397:
4394:
4393:
4391:
4389:
4385:
4379:
4376:
4374:
4373:
4369:
4367:
4364:
4362:
4359:
4357:
4356:
4352:
4350:
4347:
4345:
4342:
4340:
4337:
4335:
4332:
4330:
4327:
4325:
4322:
4321:
4319:
4317:
4313:
4307:
4304:
4302:
4299:
4297:
4294:
4292:
4289:
4287:
4284:
4282:
4279:
4277:
4274:
4272:
4269:
4267:
4264:
4262:
4259:
4257:
4254:
4252:
4249:
4247:
4244:
4242:
4239:
4237:
4234:
4232:
4231:Padmasambhava
4229:
4227:
4224:
4222:
4219:
4217:
4214:
4212:
4209:
4207:
4204:
4202:
4199:
4197:
4194:
4192:
4189:
4187:
4184:
4182:
4179:
4177:
4174:
4172:
4169:
4167:
4164:
4162:
4159:
4157:
4154:
4152:
4149:
4148:
4146:
4144:
4143:Major figures
4140:
4134:
4131:
4127:
4124:
4123:
4122:
4119:
4117:
4114:
4112:
4109:
4107:
4104:
4102:
4099:
4097:
4094:
4090:
4089:Western tulku
4087:
4086:
4085:
4082:
4080:
4077:
4075:
4072:
4070:
4067:
4065:
4062:
4060:
4057:
4055:
4052:
4050:
4047:
4045:
4042:
4040:
4037:
4035:
4032:
4030:
4027:
4025:
4022:
4021:
4019:
4017:
4013:
4005:
4002:
4000:
3997:
3995:
3992:
3990:
3987:
3986:
3985:
3982:
3980:
3977:
3975:
3972:
3970:
3967:
3965:
3962:
3961:
3959:
3957:
3953:
3947:
3944:
3940:
3937:
3936:
3935:
3932:
3928:
3925:
3923:
3920:
3918:
3915:
3914:
3913:
3910:
3906:
3903:
3901:
3898:
3896:
3893:
3891:
3890:Five precepts
3888:
3887:
3886:
3883:
3879:
3876:
3874:
3871:
3869:
3868:Dhamma vicaya
3866:
3864:
3861:
3860:
3859:
3856:
3852:
3849:
3848:
3847:
3844:
3842:
3839:
3837:
3834:
3830:
3827:
3825:
3822:
3820:
3817:
3816:
3815:
3812:
3810:
3807:
3805:
3802:
3800:
3797:
3795:
3792:
3788:
3785:
3783:
3780:
3779:
3778:
3775:
3773:
3770:
3766:
3763:
3761:
3758:
3756:
3753:
3751:
3748:
3746:
3743:
3741:
3738:
3736:
3733:
3731:
3728:
3726:
3723:
3721:
3718:
3715:
3711:
3708:
3706:
3703:
3701:
3698:
3696:
3693:
3690:
3689:
3684:
3682:
3679:
3678:
3677:
3674:
3672:
3669:
3667:
3664:
3662:
3659:
3657:
3654:
3652:
3649:
3647:
3644:
3642:
3639:
3637:
3636:Buddhābhiṣeka
3634:
3630:
3627:
3625:
3622:
3620:
3617:
3615:
3612:
3611:
3610:
3607:
3605:
3602:
3600:
3597:
3596:
3594:
3592:
3588:
3582:
3579:
3577:
3574:
3572:
3569:
3567:
3564:
3562:
3559:
3555:
3552:
3550:
3547:
3545:
3542:
3540:
3537:
3536:
3535:
3532:
3528:
3525:
3523:
3520:
3518:
3515:
3513:
3510:
3508:
3505:
3503:
3500:
3498:
3495:
3491:
3488:
3486:
3483:
3481:
3478:
3476:
3473:
3472:
3471:
3468:
3467:
3466:
3463:
3462:
3460:
3458:
3454:
3448:
3445:
3441:
3438:
3436:
3433:
3431:
3428:
3426:
3423:
3421:
3418:
3416:
3413:
3412:
3411:
3408:
3406:
3403:
3402:
3400:
3398:
3394:
3388:
3385:
3381:
3378:
3376:
3373:
3371:
3368:
3367:
3366:
3363:
3361:
3358:
3356:
3353:
3351:
3348:
3346:
3343:
3341:
3338:
3336:
3333:
3331:
3328:
3326:
3323:
3321:
3318:
3316:
3313:
3311:
3308:
3306:
3303:
3301:
3298:
3296:
3293:
3291:
3288:
3286:
3283:
3281:
3280:Enlightenment
3278:
3276:
3273:
3271:
3270:Dhamma theory
3268:
3266:
3265:Buddha-nature
3263:
3261:
3258:
3256:
3253:
3251:
3248:
3247:
3245:
3243:
3239:
3233:
3230:
3228:
3225:
3223:
3220:
3218:
3215:
3213:
3210:
3208:
3205:
3203:
3200:
3198:
3195:
3193:
3190:
3188:
3185:
3183:
3180:
3178:
3175:
3173:
3170:
3168:
3165:
3163:
3160:
3158:
3155:
3153:
3150:
3148:
3145:
3143:
3140:
3139:
3137:
3135:
3131:
3125:
3122:
3120:
3117:
3115:
3112:
3110:
3107:
3105:
3104:Samantabhadra
3102:
3100:
3097:
3095:
3092:
3090:
3087:
3085:
3082:
3078:
3075:
3074:
3073:
3070:
3069:
3067:
3065:
3061:
3055:
3052:
3050:
3047:
3043:
3037:
3035:
3029:
3027:
3021:
3019:
3013:
3011:
3005:
3003:
2997:
2995:
2989:
2988:
2987:
2984:
2982:
2979:
2977:
2974:
2972:
2969:
2967:
2964:
2962:
2959:
2957:
2954:
2952:
2949:
2947:
2944:
2942:
2939:
2937:
2934:
2932:
2929:
2927:
2924:
2923:
2921:
2919:
2915:
2909:
2906:
2904:
2901:
2899:
2896:
2892:
2889:
2887:
2884:
2882:
2879:
2878:
2877:
2874:
2872:
2869:
2868:
2866:
2864:
2860:
2854:
2851:
2849:
2846:
2844:
2836:
2835:
2832:
2827:
2822:
2817:
2809:
2804:
2802:
2797:
2795:
2790:
2789:
2786:
2777:
2771:
2767:
2766:
2761:
2757:
2753:
2751:0-8248-2440-7
2747:
2743:
2742:
2736:
2732:
2726:
2722:
2721:
2716:
2712:
2708:
2702:
2698:
2697:
2691:
2687:
2685:0-691-02941-5
2681:
2677:
2676:
2670:
2666:
2660:
2656:
2655:
2650:
2646:
2642:
2638:
2634:
2630:
2626:
2622:
2618:
2614:
2613:
2608:
2604:
2603:
2598:
2591:
2586:
2583:
2577:Web reference
2576:
2569:
2563:
2560:
2556:
2550:
2547:
2541:
2538:
2534:
2528:
2525:
2521:
2515:
2512:
2508:
2502:
2500:
2496:
2493:Haskel, 20-21
2490:
2487:
2483:
2477:
2474:
2470:
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2348:
2344:
2341:Cleary, J.C.
2338:
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2325:
2322:
2318:
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2309:
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2209:
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2200:
2196:
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2187:
2183:
2182:Bodiford 1991
2178:
2175:
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2166:
2160:
2157:
2153:
2152:Dumoulin 2005
2148:
2145:
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2137:
2134:
2128:
2126:
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2116:
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2110:
2104:
2096:
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2028:
2026:
2024:
2016:
2014:
2012:
2007:
2003:
2001:
1997:
1989:
1986:
1981:
1978:
1974:
1973:Suzuki Shōsan
1970:
1966:
1962:
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1928:
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1878:
1877:Linji zongzhi
1874:
1869:
1866:
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1860:
1855:
1851:
1848:
1847:Yunqi Zhuhong
1844:
1840:
1834:
1829:
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1820:
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1817:
1816:Diamond Sutra
1812:
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1359:
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1349:
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1345:
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1337:
1336:
1329:
1328:Vegetarianism
1326:
1324:
1321:
1319:
1316:
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1311:
1309:
1306:
1304:
1301:
1299:
1296:
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1286:
1284:
1283:Recollections
1281:
1279:
1276:
1274:
1271:
1269:
1266:
1264:
1261:
1259:
1256:
1254:
1253:Five precepts
1251:
1249:
1246:
1244:
1241:
1240:
1237:
1232:
1231:
1224:
1221:
1219:
1218:Chinese canon
1216:
1214:
1213:Tibetan canon
1211:
1209:
1206:
1204:
1201:
1199:
1196:
1194:
1191:
1189:
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769:
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759:
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752:
749:
747:
744:
743:
742:
741:
740:Seon in Korea
735:
732:
730:
727:
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722:
720:
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710:
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612:
610:
607:
605:
602:
600:
599:Huineng (Enō)
597:
595:
592:
590:
587:
585:
582:
581:
580:
579:
578:
572:
571:Chán in China
564:
563:
556:
553:
551:
548:
546:
543:
541:
538:
536:
533:
531:
528:
526:
525:Rinzai school
523:
521:
518:
516:
513:
511:
508:
506:
503:
501:
498:
496:
493:
491:
488:
486:
483:
481:
478:
476:
473:
471:
470:Oxhead school
468:
466:
463:
461:
458:
457:
451:
450:
443:
440:
438:
435:
433:
430:
428:
425:
423:
420:
418:
415:
413:
410:
409:
408:
407:
406:
405:Chinese texts
399:
396:
394:
391:
389:
386:
384:
381:
379:
376:
374:
371:
369:
366:
365:
364:
363:
357:
356:Zen scripture
352:
351:
344:
341:
339:
336:
334:
331:
329:
328:Dharma combat
326:
324:
321:
319:
316:
314:
311:
309:
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173:
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169:
163:
160:
158:
155:
153:
150:
148:
145:
143:
142:Buddha-nature
140:
138:
135:
133:
130:
129:
127:
126:The "essence"
119:
118:
111:
108:
106:
105:
100:
98:
97:
92:
90:
89:
84:
82:
81:
76:
74:
71:
70:
67:Main articles
64:
63:
59:
55:
54:
51:
45:
39:
37:
29:
28:
24:
20:
19:
16:
5386:Bodhisattvas
5306:Christianity
5301:Baháʼí Faith
5166:Dharmachakra
5156:Prayer wheel
5146:Prayer beads
4914:Architecture
4793:969 Movement
4577:Saudi Arabia
4555:Central Asia
4548:South Africa
4370:
4353:
4286:Panchen Lama
4191:Buddhapālita
3787:Satipatthana
3782:Mindful Yoga
3695:Recollection
3609:Brahmavihara
3480:Japanese Zen
3475:Chinese Chan
3435:Animal realm
3242:Key concepts
3064:Bodhisattvas
2876:Three Jewels
2764:
2760:Kim, Hee-Jin
2740:
2719:
2695:
2674:
2653:
2616:
2610:
2585:
2562:
2554:
2549:
2540:
2527:
2519:
2514:
2506:
2489:
2481:
2476:
2468:
2463:
2455:
2450:
2442:
2437:
2413:
2401:
2393:
2371:
2366:
2358:
2342:
2337:
2329:
2324:
2316:
2311:
2298:
2290:
2285:
2277:
2272:
2261:. Retrieved
2257:
2248:
2235:
2224:. Retrieved
2221:SuttaCentral
2220:
2211:
2202:
2194:
2189:
2177:
2168:
2159:
2147:
2139:
2135:
2132:
2091:mushi-dokugo
2090:
2084:
2020:
2008:
2004:
1993:
1983:
1954:
1948:
1944:
1941:
1937:
1929:
1918:
1914:
1911:Japanese Zen
1901:
1894:
1884:
1880:
1876:
1870:
1862:
1857:
1853:
1836:
1831:
1823:
1821:
1814:
1808:
1796:
1791:
1776:
1773:
1766:
1764:
1759:
1753:
1751:
1746:
1734:
1724:
1719:
1713:
1699:
1687:
1683:
1679:
1675:
1668:Mushi-dokugo
1667:
1666:
1645:
1611:
1610:
1278:Merit making
1243:Three Jewels
1183:Buddhavacana
1113:Impermanence
1101:Dharma wheel
839:
805:D. T. Suzuki
798:
797:
766:
765:
739:
738:
729:Hakuin Ekaku
703:Zen in Japan
702:
701:
680:Contemporary
679:
678:
677:
660:
659:
658:
576:
575:
574:
570:
540:Sanbo Kyodan
535:Ōbaku school
490:Tibetan Chan
404:
403:
402:
361:
360:
212:
211:
195:
194:
167:
166:
125:
103:
95:
87:
79:
49:Zen Buddhism
35:
15:
5231:Dharma talk
5060:Asalha Puja
4856:Eschatology
4659:Switzerland
4639:New Zealand
4567:Middle East
4476:Philippines
4396:Afghanistan
4201:Bodhidharma
4186:Buddhaghosa
4106:Householder
4016:Monasticism
3969:Bodhisattva
3824:Prostration
3777:Mindfulness
3705:Anapanasati
3688:Kammaṭṭhāna
3485:Korean Seon
3425:Asura realm
3420:Human realm
3360:Ten Fetters
3315:Parinirvana
3217:Uppalavanna
3182:Mahākaccana
3167:Mahākassapa
3099:Kṣitigarbha
3094:Ākāśagarbha
2991:Suddhodāna
2936:Four sights
2863:Foundations
1955:During the
1843:Zibo Zhenke
1795:and in the
1741:bodhisattva
1736:Lotus sutra
1700:wúshī dúwù.
1648:Soto school
1513:New Zealand
1368:Bodhisattva
1353:Four Stages
1308:Monasticism
1288:Mindfulness
1258:Perfections
1188:Early Texts
852:Institution
799:Western Zen
584:Bodhidharma
530:Sōtō school
520:Taego Order
510:Jogye Order
475:Heze school
383:Lotus Sutra
190:One Vehicle
102:Vietnamese
5472:Nonduality
5461:Categories
5348:Psychology
5328:Gnosticism
5316:Comparison
5311:Influences
5293:Comparison
5176:Bhavacakra
5134:Kushinagar
5109:Pilgrimage
5055:Māgha Pūjā
5010:Bodhi Tree
4826:Buddhology
4816:Abhidharma
4808:Philosophy
4741:Menander I
4609:Costa Rica
4560:Uzbekistan
4401:Bangladesh
4355:Dhammapada
4339:Pali Canon
4301:Ajahn Chah
4281:Dalai Lama
4181:Kumārajīva
4176:Vasubandhu
4151:The Buddha
4059:Zen master
3994:Sakadagami
3974:Buddhahood
3905:Pratimokṣa
3720:Shikantaza
3676:Meditation
3651:Deity yoga
3522:Madhyamaka
3415:Deva realm
3310:Mindstream
3260:Bodhicitta
3172:Aṅgulimāla
3039:Devadatta
3015:Yaśodharā
2918:The Buddha
2908:Middle Way
2696:Tao of Zen
2406:Grigg 2012
2263:2024-05-21
2226:2024-05-21
2105:References
1990:Korean Sŏn
1965:Myōshin-ji
1957:Edo period
1920:Shōbōgenzō
1909:school of
1386:Traditions
1323:Pilgrimage
1263:Meditation
1223:Post-canon
1203:Pāli Canon
1133:Middle Way
1030:The Buddha
761:Seongcheol
465:Sanjiejiao
454:Traditions
338:Zen poetry
308:Samu (Zen)
272:Shikantaza
213:Background
207:Buddhahood
196:The "goal"
5416:Festivals
5396:Buddhists
5358:Theosophy
5161:Symbolism
5151:Hama yumi
5124:Bodh Gaya
4891:Socialism
4866:Evolution
4841:Economics
4679:Venezuela
4594:Australia
4589:Argentina
4513:Sri Lanka
4508:Singapore
4426:Indonesia
4388:Countries
4329:Tripiṭaka
4291:Ajahn Mun
4166:Nagarjuna
4161:Aśvaghoṣa
4044:Anagārika
4039:Śrāmaṇerī
4034:Śrāmaṇera
4029:Bhikkhunī
3989:Sotāpanna
3878:Passaddhi
3819:Offerings
3794:Nekkhamma
3671:Iddhipada
3591:Practices
3561:Theravada
3534:Vajrayana
3527:Yogachara
3497:Pure Land
3410:Six Paths
3397:Cosmology
3177:Anuruddha
3152:Sāriputta
3142:Kaundinya
3134:Disciples
3109:Vajrapāṇi
2961:Footprint
2926:Tathāgata
2633:0027-0741
2357:Wu, Jiang
2133:Religions
2119:Faure, 48
1663:Etymology
1533:Sri Lanka
1523:Singapore
1478:Indonesia
1418:Vajrayāna
1393:Theravāda
1348:Awakening
1236:Practices
1193:Tripiṭaka
1163:Cosmology
1138:Emptiness
1118:Suffering
830:Seungsahn
825:Hsuan Hua
746:Taego Bou
697:Sheng-yen
577:Classical
246:Practices
234:Emptiness
122:Teachings
86:Japanese
5434:Category
5363:Violence
5333:Hinduism
5281:Sanskrit
5236:Hinayana
5221:Amitābha
5181:Swastika
5050:Uposatha
5040:Holidays
5025:Calendar
4871:Humanism
4709:Kanishka
4699:Timeline
4523:Thailand
4491:Kalmykia
4486:Buryatia
4471:Pakistan
4456:Mongolia
4451:Maldives
4446:Malaysia
4411:Cambodia
4276:Shamarpa
4271:Nichiren
4221:Xuanzang
4156:Nagasena
4074:Rinpoche
3804:Pāramitā
3646:Devotion
3566:Navayana
3554:Dzogchen
3517:Nichiren
3465:Mahayana
3457:Branches
3335:Saṅkhāra
3084:Mañjuśrī
3041:(cousin)
3033:(cousin)
3001:(mother)
2993:(father)
2981:Miracles
2931:Birthday
2848:Glossary
2821:Buddhism
2762:(2010).
2717:(2004).
2651:(2005).
2430:Kim 2010
2029:See also
2011:Daehaeng
1945:becoming
1879:and the
1705:Overview
1633:Buddhism
1543:Thailand
1503:Mongolia
1498:Malaysia
1463:Cambodia
1428:Navayana
1408:Hinayana
1403:Mahāyāna
1313:Lay life
1143:Morality
1123:Not-self
1081:Concepts
1040:Councils
1025:Timeline
997:Glossary
979:Buddhism
971:a series
969:Part of
835:Sokei-an
495:Trúc Lâm
78:Chinese
36:a series
5411:Temples
5391:Buddhas
5353:Science
5343:Judaism
5338:Jainism
5256:Lineage
5216:Abhijñā
5186:Thangka
5129:Sarnath
5114:Lumbini
5035:Funeral
5030:Cuisine
4906:Culture
4881:Reality
4831:Creator
4821:Atomism
4691:History
4664:Ukraine
4624:Germany
4543:Senegal
4533:Vietnam
4461:Myanmar
4261:Shinran
4251:Karmapa
4226:Shandao
4196:Dignāga
4121:Śrāvaka
4101:Donchee
4096:Kappiya
4054:Sayadaw
4024:Bhikkhu
3999:Anāgāmi
3956:Nirvana
3922:Samadhi
3809:Paritta
3750:Tonglen
3745:Mandala
3700:Smarana
3681:Mantras
3629:Upekkha
3599:Bhavana
3549:Shingon
3502:Tiantai
3355:Tathātā
3345:Śūnyatā
3340:Skandha
3330:Saṃsāra
3325:Rebirth
3300:Kleshas
3290:Indriya
3192:Subhūti
3077:Guanyin
3031:Ānanda
3023:Rāhula
2903:Nirvana
2843:Outline
2641:2385187
2599:Sources
1971:priest
1811:Huineng
1731:āchārya
1718:In the
1553:Vietnam
1508:Myanmar
1423:Tibetan
1413:Chinese
1341:Nirvāṇa
1158:Saṃsāra
1153:Rebirth
1018:History
1007:Outline
916:Shingon
911:Tiantai
619:Huangbo
604:Shenhui
594:Shenxiu
589:Hongren
567:Persons
303:Hua Tou
282:Dhāraṇī
277:Sesshin
168:The way
132:No-mind
94:Korean
31:Part of
5406:Sutras
5401:Suttas
5266:Siddhi
5251:Koliya
5226:Brahmā
5141:Poetry
5087:Mantra
5077:Kasaya
4949:Pagoda
4929:Kyaung
4924:Vihāra
4919:Temple
4861:Ethics
4704:Ashoka
4654:Sweden
4649:Poland
4644:Norway
4634:Mexico
4619:France
4604:Canada
4599:Brazil
4538:Africa
4518:Taiwan
4481:Russia
4406:Bhutan
4366:Vinaya
4246:Naropa
4236:Saraha
4171:Asanga
3927:Prajñā
3836:Refuge
3799:Nianfo
3760:Tertön
3755:Tantra
3740:Ganana
3730:Tukdam
3656:Dhyāna
3624:Mudita
3619:Karuṇā
3512:Risshū
3507:Huayan
3440:Naraka
3380:Anattā
3375:Dukkha
3370:Anicca
3275:Dharma
3227:Channa
3162:Ānanda
3147:Assaji
3114:Skanda
3017:(wife)
2986:Family
2966:Relics
2891:Sangha
2886:Dharma
2881:Buddha
2772:
2748:
2727:
2703:
2682:
2661:
2639:
2631:
2093:), as
2065:Satori
2060:Kenshō
2055:Jiriki
2040:Mushin
1996:Wohnyo
1932:Bankei
1925:Keizan
1845:, and
1783:Vinaya
1696:satori
1692:satoru
1641:kensho
1538:Taiwan
1518:Russia
1458:Brazil
1453:Bhutan
1373:Buddha
1293:Wisdom
1076:Dharma
921:Tendai
906:Huayan
901:Wéishí
896:Sānlùn
756:Daewon
724:Bankei
714:Bassui
692:Xu Yun
639:Zongmi
333:Kyōgai
313:Ōryōki
292:Nianfo
157:Satori
152:Kenshō
5378:Lists
5246:Kalpa
5241:Iddhi
5104:Music
5099:Mudra
5065:Vassa
5045:Vesak
5015:Budai
4961:Candi
4944:Stupa
4876:Logic
4629:Italy
4528:Tibet
4466:Nepal
4436:Korea
4431:Japan
4421:India
4416:China
4361:Sutra
4316:Texts
4266:Dōgen
4256:Hōnen
4241:Atiśa
4206:Zhiyi
4116:Achar
4084:Tulku
4079:Geshe
4064:Rōshi
4049:Ajahn
4004:Arhat
3964:Bodhi
3934:Vīrya
3851:Sacca
3846:Satya
3841:Sādhu
3829:Music
3772:Merit
3765:Terma
3725:Zazen
3661:Faith
3614:Mettā
3295:Karma
3255:Bardo
3222:Asita
3212:Khema
3202:Upāli
3187:Nanda
3025:(son)
2999:Māyā
2976:Films
2853:Index
2637:JSTOR
2095:Nōnin
2076:Notes
2045:Daigo
2000:Jinul
1961:Japan
1903:Dōgen
1897:Nōnin
1850:time:
1727:jñāna
1672:kanji
1639:) or
1637:bodhi
1548:Tibet
1488:Korea
1483:Japan
1473:India
1468:China
1433:Newar
1358:Arhat
1148:Karma
1002:Index
751:Jinul
734:Dōgen
719:Ikkyū
709:Eisai
687:Taixu
252:Zazen
104:Thiền
5276:Pāḷi
5261:Māra
5171:Flag
4572:Iran
4496:Tuva
4441:Laos
4069:Lama
3917:Śīla
3885:Śīla
3873:Pīti
3863:Sati
3814:Puja
3735:Koan
3641:Dāna
3232:Yasa
3119:Tārā
2770:ISBN
2746:ISBN
2725:ISBN
2701:ISBN
2680:ISBN
2659:ISBN
2629:ISSN
2136:2024
1998:and
1977:Sōtō
1969:Sōtō
1949:been
1907:Sōtō
1822:The
1684:doku
1623:自悟自証
1493:Laos
1398:Pāli
298:Koan
294:Chan
96:Seon
80:Chan
5467:Zen
4998:Art
4934:Wat
3470:Zen
2621:doi
2392:."
1959:in
1819:.
1680:shi
1630:Zen
1616:Skt
88:Zen
73:Zen
5463::
4500:ru
2635:.
2627:.
2617:46
2615:.
2498:^
2422:^
2379:^
2350:^
2256:.
2219:.
2167:.
2140:15
2138:,
2124:^
2112:^
1841:,
1801:.
1688:go
1676:mu
1650:.
1528:US
973:on
41:on
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2800:t
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2754:.
2733:.
2709:.
2688:.
2667:.
2643:.
2623::
2432:.
2266:.
2229:.
2184:.
2171:.
1756::
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1600:e
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955:e
948:t
941:v
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