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86:. Unfortunately, a cost on the order of US$ 10,000 (equivalent to $ 24,000 in 2023) made the computers beyond the reach of students' budgets. The initial hardware deployment in 1985 established a number of university-owned "clusters" of public workstations in various academic buildings and dormitories. The campus was fully wired and ready for the eventual availability of inexpensive personal computers.
369:
Wireless Andrew is a 2-megabit-per-second wireless local area network connected through access points to the wired Andrew network, a high-speed
Ethernet backbone linking buildings across the CMU campus. Wireless Andrew consists of 100 access points covering six buildings on the campus. The university
242:
The Andrew User
Interface System encompasses three primary components. The Andrew User Environment (AUE) contains the main editor, help system, user interface, and tools for rendering multimedia and embedded objects. The Andrew Toolkit (ATK) contains all of the formattable and embeddable objects, and
247:
object can be embedded into a spreadsheet object. The Andrew
Message System (AMS) provides a mail and bulletin board access, which allows the user to send, receive, and organize mail as well as post and read from message boards.
1215:
194:
to WM. WM was meant to be licensed under reasonable terms, which CMU thought would resemble a relatively cheap UNIX license, while IBM sought a more lucrative licensing scheme. WM was later replaced by
1106:
147:, the founders of the institutions that eventually became Carnegie Mellon University. Mostly rewritten as a result of experience from early deployments, Andrew had four major software components:
239:. It is an open-source project run at the Department of Computer Science at CMU. The Andrew Consortium governs and maintains the development and distribution of the Andrew User Interface System.
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42:
beginning in 1982. It was an ambitious project for its time and resulted in an unprecedentedly vast and accessible university computing infrastructure. The project was named after
920:
66:(IBM), began work on the Andrew Project in 1982. In its initial phase, the project involved both software and hardware, including wiring the campus for data and developing
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243:
allows a method for developers to design their own objects. ATK allows for multi-level object embedding, in which objects can be embedded in one another. For example, a
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Early development within the
Information Technology Center, originally called VICE (Vast Integrated Computing Environment) and VIRTUE (Virtue Is Reached Through
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155:(ATK), a set of tools that allows users to create and distribute documents containing a variety of formatted and embedded objects,
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235:. AUIS is a set of tools that allows users to create and distribute documents containing a variety of formatted and embedded
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tested the setup with over 40 mobile units before allowing general use by researchers and students in
February 1997.
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The project was extended several times after 1985 in order to complete the software, and was renamed "Andrew" for
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Morris, J.H.; Satyanarayanan, M.; Conner, M.H.; Howard, J.H.; Rosenthal, D.S.H. & Smith, F.D. (March 1986).
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Nathaniel S. Borenstein; Chris A. Thyberg (September 1988). "Cooperative work in the Andrew message system".
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Programming as if people mattered : friendly programs, software engineering, and other noble delusions
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that allowed remote display of windows on a workstation display. It was one of the first network-oriented
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to run on Unix as a graphical display. As part of the CMU's partnership with IBM, IBM retained the
175:(AFS), a distributed file system emphasizing scalability for an academic and research environment.
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Proceedings of the 1988 ACM conference on
Computer-supported cooperative work - CSCW '88
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50:, the founders of the institutions that eventually became Carnegie Mellon University.
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Nathaniel S. Borenstein; Craig F. Everhart; Jonathan
Rosenberg; Adam Stoller (1989).
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was the first campus-wide wireless
Internet network. It was built in 1993, predating
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After IBM's funding ended, Andrew continued as an open source project named the
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Nathaniel
Borenstein; Craig Everhart; Jonathan Rosenberg; Adam Stoller (1988).
17:
341:
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to be distributed to students and faculty at CMU and elsewhere. The proposed "
898:
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Carnegie Mellon's Andrew: The
Evolving User Interface of the Messages Program
769:
881:- CMU's site chronicling the history of the project and the people involved.
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518:(4 print. ed.). Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press. pp.
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H. John Heinz III College of Information Systems and Public Policy
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Carnegie Mellon University Usable Privacy and Security Laboratory
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207:. Its developers, Gosling and Rosenthal, would next develop the
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Christina Haas; Daniel Boyarski; Nathaniel Borenstein (1989).
204:
196:
63:
630:"Wireless Andrew: Creating the World's First Wireless Campus"
830:(Technical report). Carnegie Mellon University. CMU-ITC-079.
816:(Technical report). Carnegie Mellon University. CMU-ITC-076.
737:(Technical report). Carnegie Mellon University. CMU-ITC-025.
600:"How Wi-Fi got its start on the campus of CMU, a true story"
219:
in 1988. AMS was fully decommissioned and replaced with the
62:, a partnership of Carnegie Mellon University (CMU) and the
1191:
Carnegie Mellon University Computational Biology Department
658:
The innovation journey of Wi-Fi: the road to global success
251:
As of version 6.3, the following were components of AUIS:
655:
Lemstra, Wolter; Hayes, Vic; Groenewegen, John (2011) .
887:- Website of the Andrew User Interface System project.
215:
AFS moved out of the Information Technology Center to
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1239:
1135:
1090:
1055:
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728:Morris, J.H.; Van Houweling, D.; Slack, K. (1983).
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CMU's overview of the history of the Andrew Project
999:Dietrich College of Humanities and Social Sciences
632:. Carnegie Mellon University. 2007. Archived from
511:
810:Architectural Issues In The Andrew Message System
794:(Technical report). Carnegie Mellon University.
408:Johnston, Louis; Williamson, Samuel H. (2023).
332:Extension and String Processing Language (Ness)
27:Computing project at Carnegie Mellon University
385:
383:
105:, editor, email, and file system client code.
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744:"Andrew, a Distributed Computing Environment"
8:
1038:Margaret Morrison Carnegie College (defunct)
664:. Cambridge: University Press. p. 121.
505:
503:
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445:CMU's detailed history of the Andrew Project
97:), focused on centralized tools, such as a
64:International Business Machines Corporation
1186:Hunt Institute for Botanical Documentation
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120:. People involved in the project included
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350:Text, Document, and Program Editor (Text)
182:(WM), a tiled (non-overlapping windows)
1269:Mellon Institute of Industrial Research
788:A Multi-media Message System for Andrew
468:"CMU's Andrew project: a retrospective"
379:
108:Initially the system was prototyped on
1221:Pittsburgh Science of Learning Center
205:Massachusetts Institute of Technology
7:
1181:Human Computer Interaction Institute
1174:National Robotics Engineering Center
101:, and workstation tools including a
1410:Carnegie Mellon University software
1264:Main Building, U.S. Bureau of Mines
1201:Pittsburgh Life Sciences Greenhouse
556:. Springer Verlag. pp. 34–36.
329:Display Two Adjacent Inserts (LSet)
301:Standard Output Viewer (PipeScript)
211:(Network extensible Window System).
116:series computers running a special
1415:Distributed computing architecture
1377:Swartz Center for Entrepreneurship
579:"Welcome to the Andrew Consortium"
335:Display and Edit Hierarchies (Org)
276:Mail and News Sender (SendMessage)
25:
731:The Information Technology Center
510:Borenstein, Nathaniel S. (1991).
309:Graphical and interactive editors
36:distributed computing environment
1231:Carnegie Mellon University Press
1147:Pittsburgh Supercomputing Center
1046:
955:Information Networking Institute
227:The Andrew User Interface System
82:of memory, running at a million
1226:Integrated Innovation Institute
1196:Language Technologies Institute
1026:Masters in Software Engineering
992:Entertainment Technology Center
892:/afs/cs.cmu.edu/project/atk-ftp
429:Gross Domestic Product deflator
273:Mail and News Reader (Messages)
1362:Center for PostNatural History
1152:Software Engineering Institute
298:AUIS Application Menu (Launch)
1:
410:"What Was the U.S. GDP Then?"
326:Insert Layout Insert (Layout)
118:IBM Academic Operating System
60:Information Technology Center
1279:Pittsburgh Technology Center
1004:Social and Decision Sciences
550:; Michelle J. Arden (1989).
282:Documentation Browser (Help)
233:Andrew User Interface System
1383:Waffle Shop: A Reality Show
693:"Wireless LAN applications"
304:Preferences Editor (PrefEd)
288:Schedule Maintainer (Chump)
1431:
1021:School of Computer Science
931:Carnegie Mellon University
450:September 9, 2011, at the
347:Spreadsheet Insert (Table)
74:" workstations included a
40:Carnegie Mellon University
1044:
1033:Tepper School of Business
1016:Mellon College of Science
748:Communications of the ACM
472:Communications of the ACM
344:BMP Image Editor (Raster)
1157:CERT Coordination Center
285:Directory Browser (Bush)
1254:Bellefield Boiler Plant
323:Drawing Editor (Figure)
270:Drawing Editor (Figure)
160:Andrew Messaging System
84:instructions per second
950:College of Engineering
606:. 2011. Archived from
395:July 17, 2012, at the
112:machines, and then to
1325:Projects and legacies
1164:Carnegie Mellon CyLab
1112:Scotch'n'Soda Theatre
885:The Andrew Consortium
548:David S. H. Rosenthal
484:10.1145/272682.272717
295:(Console, TypeScript)
279:Font Editor (BDFfont)
180:Andrew Window Manager
164:bulletin board system
134:David S. H. Rosenthal
1211:Ames Research Center
962:College of Fine Arts
839:. pp. 306–323.
636:on September 1, 2011
314:Equation Insert (EQ)
162:(AMS), an email and
126:Nathaniel Borenstein
1240:Location, Buildings
895:- AUIS FTP archive.
846:10.1145/62266.62291
431:figures follow the
338:Page Flipper (Page)
1372:Robot Hall of Fame
1316:Alumni and faculty
1285:Walking to the Sky
1169:Robotics Institute
879:The Andrew Project
610:on October 7, 2011
172:Andrew File System
1397:
1396:
1274:Newell Simon Hall
856:978-0-89791-282-2
761:10.1145/5666.5671
705:on April 26, 2012
671:978-0-521-19971-1
563:978-0-387-96915-2
466:(December 1996).
221:Cyrus IMAP server
166:based on ATK, and
16:(Redirected from
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698:. Archived from
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122:James H. Morris
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802:. CMU-ITC-064.
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754:(3): 184–201.
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478:(12): 298–es.
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553:The NeWS Book
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544:James Gosling
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1093:Student life
967:Architecture
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707:. Retrieved
700:the original
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634:the original
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608:the original
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582:. Retrieved
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421:November 30,
419:. Retrieved
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320:Editor (Fad)
255:Applications
250:
245:raster image
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68:workstations
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1357:3M computer
1259:Kraus Campo
99:file server
72:3M computer
1404:Categories
1122:The Tartan
1117:Miller ICA
1107:Greek Life
1102:Traditions
709:October 6,
677:October 6,
640:October 6,
614:October 6,
374:References
366:branding.
342:Monochrome
1067:Australia
941:Academics
770:0001-0782
318:Animation
223:in 2002.
114:IBM RT PC
1138:Research
865:14943353
800:12818358
778:18599806
492:18502200
448:Archived
435:series.
393:Archived
293:Terminal
217:Transarc
80:megabyte
1389:YinzCam
237:objects
203:at the
54:History
1297:People
1077:Rwanda
977:Design
863:
853:
798:
776:
768:
668:
584:May 3,
560:
526:
490:
132:, and
34:was a
1342:BLISS
1332:Alice
1072:Qatar
987:Music
982:Drama
861:S2CID
828:(PDF)
814:(PDF)
796:S2CID
792:(PDF)
774:S2CID
735:(PDF)
703:(PDF)
696:(PDF)
662:(pdf)
520:55–56
488:S2CID
364:Wi-Fi
199:from
95:Emacs
1352:Mach
1347:CMMI
1127:WRCT
851:ISBN
766:ISSN
711:2011
679:2011
666:ISBN
642:2011
616:2011
586:2011
558:ISBN
524:ISBN
423:2023
209:NeWS
178:The
169:The
158:The
151:The
143:and
93:and
91:Unix
58:The
46:and
30:The
972:Art
841:doi
756:doi
480:doi
197:X11
1406::
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752:29
750:.
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546:;
522:.
500:^
486:.
476:39
474:.
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382:^
265:EZ
136:.
128:,
124:,
922:e
915:t
908:v
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