963:
841:
38:
903:
888:
859:
948:
933:
918:
60:
873:
807:
826:
978:
777:, and Everett E. Dickinson of Essex, each inherited parts of the family business and continued the manufacture of witch-hazel extract, operating competing "Dickinson's" businesses that their descendants continued until 1997 when the manufacturing operations from both companies were consolidated at the American Distilling plant in
726:
to support witch-hazel as an effective treatment for any of these conditions. Prepared by distillation, the essential oil of witch-hazel has such a small proportion of tannins or other polyphenols that it is unlikely to have any therapeutic effect, and may cause
563:, selecting for red cultivars, found three: the first, with bronze flowers, was named 'Jelena'; the next, with red flowers, was named 'Diane' (the name of their daughter); the last, with deep red flowers, was called 'Livia' (the name of their granddaughter).
769:, in 1846, by druggist and chemist, Alvan Whittemore. Thomas Newton Dickinson Sr. is credited with starting the commercial production of witch-hazel extract in 1866, and eventually establishing nine production sites in eastern
511:, who maintained correspondence with plant hunters in the American colonies. It is rarely seen in the nursery trade except for woodland/wildlife restoration projects and native plant enthusiasts. Much more common is
626:
for external use only to soothe minor skin irritations. Hamamelis (witch-hazel) water is diluted using water in a 1:3 preparation, and is not intended for oral use which may cause nausea, vomiting, or constipation.
287:
blooms in
September–November while the other species bloom from January–March. Each flower has four slender strap-shaped petals 1 to 2 cm long, pale to dark yellow, orange, or red. The fruit is a two-part
296:
at maturity in the autumn about eight months after flowering, ejecting the seeds with sufficient force to fly for distances of up to 12 feet (3.7 m), thus another alternative name "snapping hazel".
1216:
Xie, Lei; Yi, Ting-Shuang; Li, Rong; Li, De-Zhu; Wen, Jun (2010). "Evolution and biogeographic diversification of the witch-hazel genus (Hamamelis L., Hamamelidaceae) in the
Northern Hemisphere".
962:
484:, though they have a few superficially similar characteristics which may cause one to believe that they are - their leaves are a similar shape, and turn a similar shade of yellow in autumn.
675:
from minor skin injuries. A 2012 review (updated in
October 2020) found little evidence of effectiveness from local cooling treatments (including witch-hazel pads) applied to the
840:
496:, grown for their clusters of rich yellow to orange-red flowers, which begin to expand in the autumn as or slightly before the leaves fall and continue throughout the winter.
2071:
2097:
1491:"Antioxidant and potential anti-inflammatory activity of extracts and formulations of white tea, rose, and witch hazel on primary human dermal fibroblast cells"
1667:
1293:
2019:
37:
2223:
2084:
2032:
2133:
758:
learned about witch-hazel from the Native peoples, but its use did not become widely established in the United States until the 19th century.
902:
1870:
1429:
1156:
1047:
1069:
850:
1326:
Gangemi, Sebastiano; Minciullo, Paola L.; Miroddi, Marco; Chinou, Ioanna; Calapai, Gioacchino; Schmidt, Richard J. (19 January 2015).
731:
when used topically. It might be useful in treating hemorrhoids and relieving some of its symptoms, although more research is needed.
1703:
1023:
887:
283:, means "together with fruit", referring to the simultaneous occurrence of flowers with the maturing fruit from the previous year.
1446:"Code of Federal Regulations; Title 21, Sec. 347.52 Labeling of astringent drug products; (3) For products containing witch hazel"
947:
1544:
279:
are alternately arranged, oval, 5 to 15 cm long, and 2.5 to 10 cm wide, with a smooth or wavy margin. The genus name,
2058:
917:
872:
806:
788:
marketed a similar product, "Golden
Treasure", extracted from witch hazel bark. After Pond died in 1852, it was marketed as
2089:
1018:
932:
825:
2276:
1552:
1419:
735:
20:
1941:
858:
2228:
2146:
1671:
1445:
1195:
508:
425:
59:
531:
in 1879. It languished in nursery rows for years until it was noticed, propagated, and put on the market in 1902.
2271:
2266:
2102:
1821:
542:
2151:
1843:
1328:"Contact dermatitis as an adverse reaction to some topically used European herbal medicinal products – Part 2:
2261:
2006:
1467:
723:
1993:
1894:
1727:
1946:
2011:
1998:
1184:
623:
292:
1 cm long, containing a single 0.6 cm glossy black seed in each of the two parts; the capsule
349:
twigs were used in
England, may also have, by folk etymology, influenced the "witch" part of the name.
977:
2112:
2037:
1967:
969:
692:
406:
234:
188:
140:
46:
1824:. Inspections, Compliance, Enforcement, and Criminal Investigations, US Food and Drug Administration
1251:
774:
560:
328:
293:
1772:
2182:
2138:
766:
762:
728:
644:
600:
395:
362:
246:
240:
54:
1073:
335:
attests that "Wych Hazel" was used in
England as a synonym for wych elm, the entirely unrelated
2120:
2076:
1954:
1866:
1747:
1699:
1641:
1623:
1522:
1425:
1361:
1353:
1233:
622:
As an ingredient and topical agent, witch-hazel water is regulated in the United States as an
515:, which has bright yellow flowers that bloom in late winter instead of the yellow blossoms of
1739:
1631:
1615:
1531:
witch hazel has long been used for skin trouble such as acne as an astringent and antiseptic
1512:
1502:
1343:
1225:
1024:
778:
539:
524:
493:
436:
384:
373:
252:
228:
2125:
1573:
1001:
289:
219:
97:
1932:
734:
In 2017, one manufacturer of skin care products containing witch-hazel was warned by the
1602:
East, Christine E.; Dorward, Emma Df; Whale, Rhiannon E.; Liu, Jiajia (9 October 2020).
1143:
773:
during the 20th century. Following his death, his two sons, Thomas N. Dickinson Jr., of
1636:
1603:
1517:
1490:
1119:
785:
520:
474:
310:
275:
or (rarely) small trees growing to 3 to 7.5 m tall, even more rarely to 12 m tall. The
223:
130:
84:
1743:
2255:
611:
of the essential oil, but with no tannins present. Essential oil components, such as
588:
572:
172:
1096:
603:
process using leaves, bark or twigs, is a clear, colorless liquid containing 13–15%
2187:
1959:
1619:
1604:"Local cooling for relieving pain from perineal trauma sustained during childbirth"
816:
739:
706:
by Native
Americans. Extracts of witch-hazel have been claimed to be effective for
672:
457:
342:
337:
180:
120:
2214:
1693:
2174:
2045:
1926:
1798:
1581:
1229:
770:
755:
715:
668:
660:
463:
317:
2238:
719:
664:
652:
648:
576:
1917:
1751:
1627:
1396:
1357:
1980:
707:
703:
696:
612:
584:
269:
2164:
1645:
1526:
1507:
1365:
1237:
790:
591:, while the bark has a higher tannin content. Hamamelis water, also called
538:
have been selected for use as garden shrubs, many of them derived from the
1294:"In Belgium a renowned witch hazel collection harks at the hope of spring"
2208:
2159:
1911:
1157:"Omeka@CTL | UVM Tree Profiles : Witch Hazel : Mystical Powers"
700:
676:
636:
535:
528:
469:
110:
1489:
Thring, Tamsyn SA; Hili, Pauline; Naughton, Declan P (13 October 2011).
2024:
751:
616:
604:
519:
which tend to be lost among the plant's fall foliage. The plant-hunter
1348:
1327:
2050:
711:
655:
properties, has long been used to treat various skin conditions like
580:
2063:
1888:
1844:"Dickinson's 'Witch Hazel' Will No Longer Be Manufactured in Essex"
1985:
1799:"Enlarged hemorrhoids: How can you relieve the symptoms yourself?"
795:, used in a topical ointment remaining on the market, as of 2024.
765:
of witch-hazel twigs, creating a "Hawes
Extract" product sold in
640:
481:
452:
448:
346:
272:
215:
71:
323:, meaning "pliant" or "bendable", and is not related to the word
656:
608:
276:
1892:
1972:
421:
1668:"Which Witch Is Witch Hazel (and Which Dickinson Makes It)?"
19:
This article is about the plant genus. For other uses, see
1574:"Postpartum care: What to expect after a vaginal delivery"
1470:. Health Canada: Drugs and Health Products. 13 April 2010
761:
A missionary, Dr. Charles Hawes, adopted the process of
742:
and for not providing evidence the products were safe.
687:
The leaves and bark of the North
American witch-hazel,
256:). The North American species are occasionally called
1424:. Belgium: Council of Europe Publishing. p. 87.
420:
is sometimes considered a species, though as of 2020
1099:. Department of Horticulture, University of Kentucky
477:). Witch-hazels are not closely related to the true
2198:
1901:
1545:"Witch Hazel Spells Trouble for Harmful Microbes"
1048:"The Mysterious Past and Present of Witch Hazel"
1448:. US Food and Drug Administration. 1 April 2016
1670:. Connecticut Business Journal. Archived from
1252:"Hamamelis virginiana - witch hazel | Mustila"
439:, a closely related tree formerly treated as
8:
1421:Natural Sources of Flavourings, Report No. 2
413:– common witch-hazel or American witch-hazel
1608:The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
447:, as it differs in the flowers having just
1889:
1661:
1659:
1657:
1655:
1321:
1319:
1317:
1315:
1041:
1039:
1037:
36:
27:
1635:
1516:
1506:
1347:
1726:Draelos, Zoe Kececioglu (1 March 1995).
1391:
1389:
1387:
1385:
1383:
1381:
1379:
1377:
1375:
659:. The ointment may ease discomfort from
1863:Trees of Pennsylvania and the Northeast
1822:"Warning letter: Aegeia Skin Care, LLC"
994:
802:
671:in infants, and may reduce symptoms of
635:Witch-hazel may be sold as a semisolid
507:was introduced into English gardens by
226:, with three species in North America (
1797:InformedHealth.org (29 January 2014).
1179:
1177:
679:following childbirth to relieve pain.
443:, is now given a genus of its own, as
1218:Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution
1019:The Book of Woodcraft and Indian Lore
7:
2113:4237fee8-03bf-41e0-8722-45a04e40e07e
1698:. Almanac Publishing Company. 2019.
1865:. Stackpole Books. pp. 156–9.
1820:Bromley, Gerald D. (6 March 2017).
1578:Labor and delivery, postpartum care
851:Colonial Park Arboretum and Gardens
722:, and razor burn. There is limited
2152:urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:30003256-2
567:Phytochemicals and hamamelis water
559:). Jelena and Robert de Belder of
455:. Other closely allied genera are
309:in witch-hazel has its origins in
14:
1277:Garden Shrubs and Their Histories
1046:Andriote, J-M (6 November 2012).
327:meaning a practitioner of magic.
1016:Noted in Ernest Thompson Seton,
976:
961:
946:
931:
916:
901:
886:
871:
857:
839:
824:
805:
58:
1882:New RHS Dictionary of Gardening
1732:Current Problems in Dermatology
1070:"Hiker's Notebook: Witch Hazel"
718:of skin, and for insect bites,
667:. It is commonly used to treat
1666:Bingham MC (20 October 1997).
1620:10.1002/14651858.CD006304.pub4
1:
1744:10.1016/S1040-0486(09)80017-3
1543:Jiang, Georgia (2 May 2022).
357:Five species are recognized:
1846:. Essex Events. Spring 1997.
1137:Jacob George Strutt (1822).
736:Food and Drug Administration
21:Witch hazel (disambiguation)
1230:10.1016/j.ympev.2010.02.018
1124:Online Etymology Dictionary
738:for making unsubstantiated
527:in the Chinese district of
2293:
1332:L.; family Hamamelidaceae"
1196:Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew
1192:Plants of the World Online
1007:, GRIN Taxonomy for Plants
834:, Fürth City Park, Germany
575:in witch-hazel leaves are
428:considers it a variety of
426:Plants of the World Online
341:; The use of the twigs as
244:), and one each in Japan (
18:
1418:Sheila Boulajoun (2007).
1146:of expanded 1830 edition.
186:
179:
55:Scientific classification
53:
44:
35:
30:
1880:Huxley, A., ed. (1992).
1861:Fergus, Charles (2002).
1728:"Cosmetics: An overview"
1399:. Drugs.com. 1 June 2020
1495:Journal of Inflammation
1468:"Witch hazel – topical"
1161:libraryexhibits.uvm.edu
1118:Douglas Harper (2001).
1508:10.1186/1476-9255-8-27
391:– big-leaf witch-hazel
369:– Japanese witch-hazel
1695:Farmers' Almanac 2020
1031:(1921:422), but rare.
983:Flourishing in winter
663:vaginal soreness and
624:over-the-counter drug
380:– Chinese witch hazel
268:The witch-hazels are
2277:Traditional medicine
1801:. InformedHealth.org
1330:Hamamelis virginiana
1095:Abernathy B (2024).
1005:S. W. Leonard (2006)
970:Vogelsberg Mountains
689:Hamamelis virginiana
505:Hamamelis virginiana
407:Hamamelis virginiana
189:Hamamelis virginiana
47:Hamamelis virginiana
1549:AgResearch Magazine
1097:"Common Witchhazel"
775:Mystic, Connecticut
561:Arboretum Kalmthout
367:Siebold & Zucc.
329:Jacob George Strutt
1336:Contact Dermatitis
1298:House & Garden
968:Winter-flowering,
879:Hamamelis japonica
767:Essex, Connecticut
763:steam distillation
729:contact dermatitis
619:, may be present.
601:steam-distillation
579:, including 3–10%
418:Hamamelis mexicana
402:– Ozark witchhazel
396:Hamamelis vernalis
363:Hamamelis japonica
294:splits explosively
235:H. virginiana
2249:
2248:
2121:Open Tree of Life
1895:Taxon identifiers
1872:978-0-8117-2092-2
1431:978-92-871-6156-7
1349:10.1111/cod.12328
1300:. 27 January 2021
724:clinical evidence
647:, and due to its
639:, cream, gel, or
597:witch hazel water
587:, and up to 0.5%
494:ornamental plants
492:They are popular
441:Hamamelis persica
199:
198:
175:
156:
2284:
2272:Medicinal plants
2267:Antihemorrhagics
2242:
2241:
2232:
2231:
2219:
2218:
2217:
2191:
2190:
2178:
2177:
2168:
2167:
2155:
2154:
2142:
2141:
2129:
2128:
2116:
2115:
2106:
2105:
2093:
2092:
2080:
2079:
2067:
2066:
2054:
2053:
2041:
2040:
2028:
2027:
2015:
2014:
2002:
2001:
1989:
1988:
1976:
1975:
1963:
1962:
1950:
1949:
1937:
1936:
1935:
1922:
1921:
1920:
1890:
1885:
1876:
1848:
1847:
1840:
1834:
1833:
1831:
1829:
1817:
1811:
1810:
1808:
1806:
1794:
1788:
1787:
1785:
1783:
1777:Cleveland Clinic
1769:
1763:
1762:
1760:
1758:
1723:
1717:
1716:
1714:
1712:
1690:
1684:
1683:
1681:
1679:
1674:on 2 August 2009
1663:
1650:
1649:
1639:
1614:(10): CD006304.
1599:
1593:
1592:
1590:
1588:
1570:
1564:
1563:
1561:
1559:
1540:
1534:
1533:
1520:
1510:
1486:
1480:
1479:
1477:
1475:
1464:
1458:
1457:
1455:
1453:
1442:
1436:
1435:
1415:
1409:
1408:
1406:
1404:
1393:
1370:
1369:
1351:
1323:
1310:
1309:
1307:
1305:
1290:
1284:
1275:Alice M. Coats,
1273:
1267:
1266:
1264:
1262:
1248:
1242:
1241:
1213:
1207:
1206:
1204:
1202:
1181:
1172:
1171:
1169:
1167:
1153:
1147:
1142:
1139:Sylva Britannica
1134:
1128:
1127:
1115:
1109:
1108:
1106:
1104:
1092:
1086:
1085:
1083:
1081:
1076:on 24 April 2012
1072:. Archived from
1066:
1060:
1059:
1057:
1055:
1043:
1032:
1029:
1026:
1014:
1008:
1003:Hamamelis ovalis
999:
980:
965:
956:leaves in autumn
954:Hamamelis mollis
950:
939:Hamamelis mollis
935:
924:Hamamelis mollis
920:
905:
890:
881:close-up flowers
875:
861:
843:
828:
809:
779:East Hampton, CT
631:Topical ointment
599:prepared from a
553:H. japonica
525:Veitch Nurseries
445:Parrotia persica
437:Persian ironwood
412:
401:
390:
385:Hamamelis ovalis
379:
374:Hamamelis mollis
368:
333:Sylva Britannica
247:H. japonica
241:H. vernalis
220:flowering plants
170:
154:
63:
62:
40:
28:
2292:
2291:
2287:
2286:
2285:
2283:
2282:
2281:
2252:
2251:
2250:
2245:
2237:
2235:
2227:
2222:
2213:
2212:
2207:
2194:
2186:
2181:
2173:
2171:
2163:
2158:
2150:
2145:
2137:
2132:
2124:
2119:
2111:
2109:
2101:
2096:
2088:
2083:
2075:
2070:
2062:
2057:
2049:
2044:
2036:
2031:
2023:
2018:
2010:
2005:
1997:
1992:
1984:
1979:
1971:
1966:
1958:
1953:
1945:
1940:
1931:
1930:
1925:
1916:
1915:
1910:
1897:
1879:
1873:
1860:
1857:
1855:Further reading
1852:
1851:
1842:
1841:
1837:
1827:
1825:
1819:
1818:
1814:
1804:
1802:
1796:
1795:
1791:
1781:
1779:
1771:
1770:
1766:
1756:
1754:
1725:
1724:
1720:
1710:
1708:
1706:
1692:
1691:
1687:
1677:
1675:
1665:
1664:
1653:
1601:
1600:
1596:
1586:
1584:
1572:
1571:
1567:
1557:
1555:
1542:
1541:
1537:
1488:
1487:
1483:
1473:
1471:
1466:
1465:
1461:
1451:
1449:
1444:
1443:
1439:
1432:
1417:
1416:
1412:
1402:
1400:
1395:
1394:
1373:
1325:
1324:
1313:
1303:
1301:
1292:
1291:
1287:
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1258:
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1215:
1214:
1210:
1200:
1198:
1183:
1182:
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1155:
1154:
1150:
1136:
1135:
1131:
1117:
1116:
1112:
1102:
1100:
1094:
1093:
1089:
1079:
1077:
1068:
1067:
1063:
1053:
1051:
1045:
1044:
1035:
1021:
1015:
1011:
1000:
996:
991:
984:
981:
972:
966:
957:
951:
942:
936:
927:
921:
912:
909:H. × intermedia
906:
897:
894:H. × intermedia
891:
882:
876:
867:
865:H. × intermedia
862:
853:
844:
835:
829:
820:
810:
801:
748:
691:, were used in
685:
633:
569:
509:Peter Collinson
502:
490:
410:
399:
388:
377:
366:
355:
303:
266:
195:
192:
169:
153:
141:Hamamelidoideae
57:
24:
17:
16:Genus of plants
12:
11:
5:
2290:
2288:
2280:
2279:
2274:
2269:
2264:
2262:Hamamelidaceae
2254:
2253:
2247:
2246:
2244:
2243:
2233:
2220:
2204:
2202:
2196:
2195:
2193:
2192:
2188:wfo-4000016792
2179:
2169:
2156:
2143:
2130:
2117:
2107:
2094:
2081:
2068:
2055:
2042:
2029:
2016:
2003:
1990:
1977:
1964:
1951:
1938:
1923:
1907:
1905:
1899:
1898:
1893:
1887:
1886:
1877:
1871:
1856:
1853:
1850:
1849:
1835:
1812:
1789:
1764:
1718:
1704:
1685:
1651:
1594:
1565:
1535:
1481:
1459:
1437:
1430:
1410:
1371:
1342:(4): 193–205.
1311:
1285:
1268:
1256:www.mustila.fi
1243:
1224:(2): 675–689.
1208:
1189:Gronov. ex L."
1173:
1148:
1129:
1110:
1087:
1061:
1050:. The Atlantic
1033:
1009:
993:
992:
990:
987:
986:
985:
982:
975:
973:
967:
960:
958:
952:
945:
943:
937:
930:
928:
926:tree in autumn
922:
915:
913:
907:
900:
898:
892:
885:
883:
877:
870:
868:
863:
856:
854:
845:
838:
836:
830:
823:
821:
811:
804:
800:
797:
786:Theron T. Pond
747:
744:
714:, to prevent
684:
681:
632:
629:
573:phytochemicals
568:
565:
557:H. mollis
523:collected for
521:Charles Maries
501:
498:
489:
486:
475:Hamamelidaceae
415:
414:
403:
392:
381:
370:
354:
351:
331:'s 1822 book,
311:Middle English
302:
299:
265:
262:
253:H. mollis
224:Hamamelidaceae
222:in the family
197:
196:
193:
184:
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177:
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131:Hamamelidaceae
128:
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1705:9781928720348
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1398:
1397:"Witch hazel"
1392:
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1279:(1964) 1992,
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1141:. p. 66.
1140:
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1125:
1121:
1120:"witch hazel"
1114:
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546: ×
545:
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517:H. virginiana
514:
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500:Garden shrubs
499:
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340:
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285:H. virginiana
282:
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250:) and China (
249:
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85:Tracheophytes
83:
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66:
61:
56:
52:
49:
48:
43:
39:
34:
29:
26:
22:
2200:Hamamelideae
2199:
1902:
1884:. Macmillan.
1881:
1862:
1838:
1826:. Retrieved
1815:
1803:. Retrieved
1792:
1780:. Retrieved
1776:
1773:"Razor Burn"
1767:
1755:. Retrieved
1738:(2): 45–64.
1735:
1731:
1721:
1709:. Retrieved
1694:
1688:
1676:. Retrieved
1672:the original
1611:
1607:
1597:
1585:. Retrieved
1577:
1568:
1556:. Retrieved
1548:
1538:
1530:
1498:
1494:
1484:
1472:. Retrieved
1462:
1450:. Retrieved
1440:
1420:
1413:
1401:. Retrieved
1339:
1335:
1329:
1302:. Retrieved
1297:
1288:
1283:"Hamamelis".
1280:
1276:
1271:
1259:. Retrieved
1255:
1246:
1221:
1217:
1211:
1199:. Retrieved
1191:
1186:
1164:. Retrieved
1160:
1151:
1138:
1132:
1123:
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1101:. Retrieved
1090:
1078:. Retrieved
1074:the original
1064:
1052:. Retrieved
1017:
1012:
1002:
997:
953:
938:
923:
908:
893:
878:
864:
846:
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817:Menai Bridge
812:
789:
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754:settlers in
749:
733:
688:
686:
673:inflammation
634:
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596:
592:
570:
556:
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547:
543:
533:
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512:
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503:
491:
478:
468:
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458:Parrotiopsis
456:
444:
440:
434:
429:
417:
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405:
394:
383:
372:
361:
356:
338:Ulmus glabra
336:
332:
324:
320:
313:
306:
304:
284:
280:
267:
257:
251:
245:
239:
233:
227:
210:
209:
206:witch hazels
205:
202:Witch-hazels
201:
200:
187:
181:Type species
165:
164:
151:Hamamelideae
150:
121:Saxifragales
104:
91:
78:
45:
31:Witch-hazel
25:
2046:iNaturalist
1927:Wikispecies
1582:Mayo Clinic
1403:28 December
1022: [
771:Connecticut
756:New England
716:dehydration
669:diaper rash
665:hemorrhoids
661:post-partum
645:topical use
607:having the
593:white hazel
577:polyphenols
488:Cultivation
473:(see under
464:Fothergilla
389:S.W.Leonard
318:Old English
316:, from the
264:Description
258:winterbloom
171:Gronov. ex
137:Subfamily:
98:Angiosperms
2256:Categories
2064:30003256-2
989:References
720:poison ivy
704:decoctions
653:antiseptic
649:astringent
585:flavonoids
548:intermedia
345:, just as
2215:Q19913565
1933:Hamamelis
1903:Hamamelis
1805:10 August
1757:21 August
1752:1040-0486
1628:1469-493X
1587:1 January
1501:(1): 27.
1358:0105-1873
1201:13 August
1187:Hamamelis
1144:Full text
941:in autumn
847:Hamamelis
832:Hamamelis
815:flowers,
813:Hamamelis
784:In 1846,
708:psoriasis
697:herbalism
613:carvacrol
571:The main
536:cultivars
534:Numerous
513:H. mollis
305:The name
301:Etymology
281:Hamamelis
270:deciduous
229:H. ovalis
211:Hamamelis
166:Hamamelis
68:Kingdom:
2236:VASCAN:
2209:Wikidata
2172:VASCAN:
2165:40020547
2160:Tropicos
1912:Wikidata
1828:13 April
1782:4 August
1711:4 August
1646:33034900
1553:USDA ARS
1527:21995704
1474:13 April
1452:14 April
1366:25600644
1304:13 April
1261:13 April
1238:20171295
1166:13 April
1103:13 April
1054:13 April
1025:Wikidata
896:'Jelena'
701:skincare
677:perineum
637:ointment
551:Rehder (
529:Jiujiang
470:Sycopsis
214:) are a
127:Family:
111:Eudicots
2077:1315000
2025:3152826
1918:Q148463
1678:10 June
1637:8094618
1518:3214789
911:'Diane'
819:, Wales
799:Gallery
793:Extract
752:Puritan
746:History
617:eugenol
605:ethanol
581:tannins
479:Corylus
451:and no
353:Species
290:capsule
161:Genus:
147:Tribe:
117:Order:
72:Plantae
2134:PLANTS
2110:NZOR:
2012:114541
1999:114541
1947:121654
1869:
1750:
1702:
1644:
1634:
1626:
1525:
1515:
1428:
1364:
1356:
1236:
791:Pond's
750:Early
712:eczema
699:, and
540:hybrid
482:hazels
467:, and
453:petals
449:sepals
277:leaves
273:shrubs
238:, and
2139:HAMAM
2126:60700
2090:19031
2072:IRMNG
2051:51971
1986:1HAMG
1973:72120
1960:635R7
1558:2 May
1080:2 May
1028:]
710:and
641:salve
400:Sarg.
378:Oliv.
347:hazel
325:witch
314:wiche
307:witch
216:genus
155:A.DC.
105:Clade
92:Clade
79:Clade
2229:1645
2224:GRIN
2175:1227
2147:POWO
2103:4395
2098:NCBI
2085:ITIS
2059:IPNI
2038:5349
2033:GRIN
2020:GBIF
1981:EPPO
1942:BOLD
1867:ISBN
1830:2017
1807:2023
1784:2022
1759:2022
1748:ISSN
1713:2022
1700:ISBN
1680:2018
1642:PMID
1624:ISSN
1612:2020
1589:2013
1560:2022
1523:PMID
1476:2017
1454:2017
1426:ISBN
1405:2020
1362:PMID
1354:ISSN
1306:2024
1281:s.v.
1263:2024
1234:PMID
1203:2020
1168:2024
1105:2024
1082:2012
1056:2017
657:acne
651:and
643:for
615:and
609:odor
435:The
321:wice
2239:571
2183:WFO
2007:FoC
1994:FNA
1968:EoL
1955:CoL
1740:doi
1632:PMC
1616:doi
1513:PMC
1503:doi
1344:doi
1226:doi
595:or
424:'s
422:Kew
218:of
204:or
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2100::
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1929::
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1775:.
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1734:.
1730:.
1654:^
1640:.
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1606:.
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1529:.
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1493:.
1374:^
1360:.
1352:.
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1334:.
1314:^
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1194:.
1176:^
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695:,
583:,
555:×
544:H.
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411:L.
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194:L.
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1308:.
1265:.
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208:(
23:.
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