345:
2149:
1747:
2282:
1914:
2353:
61:
2444:
2385:(infectious diseases affecting livestock) in parts of western, northern and eastern Europe. It could only be kindled by friction between wood, by a group of certain people, after all other fires in the area were doused. The livestock would be driven around the need-fire or over its embers, and all other fires would be re-lit from it. Two early medieval Irish texts say that
33:
2044:
554:
1812:
and other malign influences. Figures may also have been carved at fireplaces or chimneys; in some cases, simple geometric or letter carvings were used for these. When a wooden post was used to support a chimney opening, this was often an easier material for amateur carving. To discourage witchcraft,
2752:
4.89: So with this knowledge about the heavenly bodies, precautions must be taken, with change of regimen and prayers to the gods; in the case of good signs, to the Sun, to
Heavenly Zeus, to Zeus, Protector of Home, to Athena, Protectress of Home, to Hermes and to Apollo; in the case of adverse
2242:
led to the discovery of a large number of bent and broken knives, daggers, swords and coins, from the modern period and dating back to Celtic times. This custom seems to have been to avoid bad luck, particularly when setting off on a voyage. Similarly, the burial of an old boot or shoe by the
2389:
used to drive cattle between two bonfires "with great incantations", to protect them from disease. Almost 1,000 years later, in the 19th century, the custom of driving cattle between two fires was still practiced across most of
Ireland and parts of Scotland.
2051:
Apotropaic marks, also called 'witch marks' or 'anti-witch marks' in Europe, are symbols or patterns scratched on the walls, beams and thresholds of buildings to protect them from witchcraft or evil spirits. They have many forms; in
Britain they are often
1959:
can be found in the so-called "Halsgezeige" or textile neckbands used in the birthing customs of the Franco-German border region. Shiny coins or colourful stones would be sewn onto the neckband or on a central amulet in order to distract the
2435:, which they generally believe will contain energy and form a sacred space, or will provide them a form of magical protection, or both. It may be marked physically, drawn in a material like salt, flour, or chalk, or merely visualised.
2343:
Ancient Greeks also had an old custom of dressing boys as girls in order to avert the evil eye. Achilles is said to have been dressed in his youth as a girl at the court of
Lycomedes, king of Scyros in order to avert the evil eye.
2758:
2.11.1 (Corinth): Before the altar, a barrow has been raised for
Epopeus himself, and near the grave are the gods Averters of evil . Near them, the Greeks perform such rites as they are wont to do in order to avert misfortunes
1501:
were commonly worn. Water came to be used frequently in ritual as well, wherein libation vessels in the shape of
Taweret were used to pour healing water over an individual. In much later periods (when Egypt came under the
3241:
2503:
referenced domestic animals such as "buffalo" (水牛) and "dog" (狗, 犬), or humble elements of the landscape such as "soil" and "water" (土, 水). They conveyed contentment with a peaceful and low-profile life.
2101:, near Sevenoaks in Kent, in 1609, oak beams beneath floors, particularly near fireplaces, were scorched and carved with scratched witch marks to prevent witches and demons from coming down the chimney.
1443:. Fearsome deities were invoked via ritual in order to protect individuals by warding away evil spirits. In ancient Egypt, these household rituals (performed in the home, not in state-run
4652:
1603:
from rushes, which is hung over doors and windows to protect the household from fire, lightning, illness and evil spirits. In southern
Ireland, it was formerly the custom at
1359:
1854:
of the dead and other dangerous spirits walked the earth. Many
European peoples had such associations with the period following the harvest in the fall (for instance the
1517:
were used in similar rituals; water would be poured over the stele and—after ritually acquiring healing powers—was collected in a basin for an afflicted person to drink.
3230:
1880:
would be placed above doorways, and three-dimensional versions were built across the Greek world. Most notable of these were the urban monuments found on the island of
2461:' apotropaic names were often given not at birth but during serious illness. In the case of a family who had already lost a child, the parents may name the next child
1782:-like bearded faces, sometimes with the pointed cap of the workman, were carved over the doors of ovens and kilns, to protect the work from fire and mishap. Later, on
4723:
3091:
1474:
Objects were often used in these rituals in order to facilitate communication with the gods. One of the most commonly found magical objects, the ivory apotropaic
3290:
2847:
2133:
1561:
who grant safety and deflect evil and for the protection of the infants they wore on them amulets with apotropaic powers and committed the child to the care of
1486:(c. 1550 – 1069 BCE). These wands were used to protect expectant mothers and children from malevolent forces, and were adorned with processions of apotropaic
2762:πρὸ τοῦ βωμοῦ δὲ αὐτῷ μνῆμα Ἐπωπεῖ κέχωσται, καὶ τοῦ τάφου πλησίον εἰσὶν Ἀποτρόπαιοι θεοί: παρὰ τούτοις δρῶσιν ὅσα Ἕλληνες ἐς ἀποτροπὴν κακῶν νομίζουσιν.
910:
666:
2148:
2097:
The marks are most common near places where witches were thought to be able to enter, whether doors, windows or chimneys. For example, during works at
344:
1932:
and other shiny reflective objects were believed to deflect the evil eye. Traditional
English "Plough Jags" (performers of a regional variant of the
867:
2120:, and many churches. A collection of over 100 marks – previously thought to be graffiti – was discovered in 2019 on the walls of a cave network at
315:
3621:
1352:
3451:
3404:
3353:
2988:
2401:, and 18th–19th century accounts suggest the fires, smoke and ashes were deemed to have protective powers. In some areas, torches of burning
1607:
to weave a cross of sticks and straw called a 'parshell' or 'parshall', which was fixed over the doorway to ward off bad luck, illness, and
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3202:
3075:
2715:
1112:
686:
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3183:
4703:
4672:
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is incised into a stone in the wall. Similar marks of overlapping circles have been found on a window sill dated about 1616 at
1731:, which features wild eyes, fangs, and protruding tongue. The full figure of the Gorgon holds the apex of the oldest remaining
399:
87:
3521:
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1767:
776:
4708:
4404:
4168:
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3993:
2777:
1004:
549:
44:
3118:
2836:
484:
4271:
2293:
1922:
3769:
2079:
1584:
Another way for protection from enchantment used by the ancient Greeks was by spitting into the folds of the clothes.
2109:
2707:
The Poor, the
Crippled, the Blind, and the Lame: Physical and Sensory Disability in the Gospels of the New Testament
1381:
4718:
3614:
3496:
1774:
People believed that the doorways and windows of buildings were particularly vulnerable to the entry or passage of
4657:
3893:
3700:
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and Alte (both meaning "old" in Yiddish) in an effort to confuse the Angel of Death. Another example is Nekras (
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308:
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made of yarn like a web is placed above a bed or sleeping area to protect sleeping children from nightmares.
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4048:
3512:
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1936:) sometimes decorated their costumes (particularly their hats) with shiny items, to the extent of borrowing
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1157:
1107:
888:
721:
509:
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4183:
4109:
3865:
3695:
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Ancient Greeks and Romans used to spit into the folds of clothes as a way of protection from enchantment.
1985:
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934:
929:
791:
524:
301:
2004:
In early modern Europe, certain objects were buried in the walls of houses to protect the household from
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3690:
3685:
3607:
3158:"Here be Witchcraft - LASSCO - England's prime resource for Architectural Antiques, Salvage Curiosities"
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sought to incite laughter in their guests by using humorous images. Images such as large phalluses (see
1335:
1117:
954:
846:
841:
796:
766:
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2226:
carved onto the prow of sailing ships are considered to have been a replacement for the sacrifice of a
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4163:
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1649:
1264:
989:
874:
836:
434:
384:
277:
52:
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4338:
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2191:
2113:
1674:
1578:
1331:
1171:
949:
881:
771:
287:
2900:
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Other types of mark include the intertwined letters V and M or a double V (for the protector, the
4733:
4662:
4632:
4277:
4158:
4058:
3829:
3085:
2622:
1952:
mirror is usually installed to ward off negative energy and protect the entryways of residences.
1468:
1391:
1137:
1028:
786:
561:
424:
217:
82:
4399:
4354:
2549:
1626:. An exaggerated apotropaic eye or a pair of eyes were painted on Greek drinking vessels called
1587:
Ancient Greeks also had an old custom of dressing boys as girls in order to avert the evil eye.
3263:
2925:
2373:
Fire was used in rituals of protection in many parts of Europe up to the early modern era. The
4713:
4536:
4298:
4290:
4194:
3903:
3758:
3553:
3447:
3400:
3349:
3343:
3071:
3016:
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signs, to the Averters of evil , to Earth and to the Heroes, that all dangers may be averted.
2711:
2595:
2585:
2529:
2325:
2321:
1945:
1783:
1600:
1456:
1436:
1023:
895:
756:
746:
675:
593:
177:
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4728:
4637:
4556:
4531:
4516:
4506:
4496:
4471:
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4294:
4257:
4247:
4205:
4127:
3953:
3898:
3814:
3764:
3475:
2317:
2231:
1893:
A similar use of phallic representations to ward off the evil eye remains popular in modern
1721:
Among the ancient Greeks, the most widely used image intended to avert evil was that of the
1710:
1665:
1637:
1419:
1289:
1048:
1033:
984:
816:
137:
117:
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intended to turn away harm or evil influences, as in deflecting misfortune or averting the
1313:
4627:
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4430:
4308:
4286:
3978:
3726:
3669:
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3187:
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2410:
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shows a procession of protective deities. It was used in birth rituals, perhaps to draw a
2153:
2117:
2091:
2061:
2021:
1977:
1937:
1855:
1821:
1694:
1444:
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918:
781:
736:
691:
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479:
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272:
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2491:
Historical Chinese given names sometimes had apotropaic meanings, such as in the case of
2469:, "not handsome" in Russian) which was given with the hope the child would be handsome.
2409:
around homes and fields to protect them. In central and northern Europe, bonfires lit on
2033:
2352:
1988:). Model horseshoes (of card or plastic) are given as good-luck tokens, particularly at
60:
4738:
4551:
4419:
4414:
3918:
3809:
3799:
3741:
2458:
2121:
1884:. The phallus was also an apotropaic symbol for the ancient Romans. These are known as
1867:
1656:
1653:
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3104:
Hoggard, Brian (2004). "The archaeology of counter-witchcraft and popular magic", in
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2431:
A magic circle is a circle of space marked out by practitioners of some branches of
2262:
are traditionally thought to bring bad luck. Many people repeated various rhymes or
4682:
4566:
4526:
4501:
4481:
4379:
4334:
4115:
4079:
4063:
3834:
3630:
3560:
3207:
2500:
2462:
2432:
2426:
2202:
2187:
2157:
2137:
2087:
2013:
2009:
1933:
1732:
1645:
1641:
1574:
1562:
1452:
1399:
1132:
1065:
811:
741:
504:
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409:
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2443:
1964:. These neckbands were worn by women in childbirth and by young boys during their
1250:
3421:
3394:
2804:
2705:
2075:), and crisscrossing lines to confuse any spirits that might try to follow them.
2064:
on thresholds of early modern buildings are also thought to be apotropaic marks.
1422:. Many different objects and charms were used for protection throughout history.
4607:
4561:
4476:
4369:
4328:
4324:
4314:
4304:
4282:
4261:
4200:
4089:
4023:
3948:
3943:
3928:
3923:
2745:
2544:
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2219:
as comical and believed that such images could be used to deflect the evil eye.
2105:
2068:
1941:
1245:
1191:
1122:
1077:
726:
640:
623:
519:
489:
449:
267:
192:
182:
122:
112:
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4617:
4571:
4424:
4384:
4374:
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4210:
4104:
4028:
4008:
3593:
2519:
2492:
2485:
2481:
2402:
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2273:
were scratched near the openings of buildings in England to ward off witches.
2263:
2223:
2005:
1965:
1805:
1727:
1608:
1558:
1538:
1479:
1448:
1235:
969:
731:
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389:
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197:
157:
147:
142:
127:
2832:
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2826:
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4148:
4038:
3988:
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3913:
3883:
2580:
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2414:
2374:
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2198:
2037:
2017:
1981:
1837:
1795:
1506:
1308:
1210:
1196:
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1092:
1072:
1053:
1038:
583:
494:
404:
364:
237:
167:
162:
132:
608:
2201:, envy was thought to bring bad luck to the person envied. To avoid envy,
1917:
Jewish apotropaic neckband sewn with coins to deflect the evil eye. 1944,
1735:
where she is flanked by two lionesses. The Gorgon head was mounted on the
17:
4612:
4143:
4099:
4053:
3789:
3774:
3664:
3649:
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2524:
2514:
2496:
2235:
2207:
2165:
2057:
1993:
1961:
1898:
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new year. As a "time between times", it was believed to be a period when
1829:
1791:
1759:
1623:
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618:
578:
573:
36:
Medieval apotropaic marking on the inside of a church in Suffolk, England
2735:. Translated by Jones, W.H.S. Archived from the original on 15 June 2013
1529:
had various protective symbols and objects, with various names, such as
4318:
3963:
3938:
3908:
3779:
3522:"Witches' marks: public asked to seek ancient scratchings in buildings"
3122:
2554:
2406:
2398:
2394:
2382:
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1989:
1956:
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1043:
369:
247:
187:
32:
4033:
3983:
3888:
3644:
3231:"Tower of London staff 'used magic to repel the forces of the Devil'"
3106:
Beyond the Witch Trials: Witchcraft and Magic in Enlightenment Europe
3068:
Birth Culture. Jewish Testimonies from Rural Switzerland and Environs
2575:
2451:
2448:
2259:
2244:
2227:
2177:
1929:
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994:
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242:
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of the back door of a house seems to have had a similar intention.
4511:
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4389:
4013:
3998:
3958:
3819:
3794:
3736:
2565:
2539:
2442:
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Also in Ireland and Scotland, bonfires were lit for the festivals
2386:
2351:
2280:
2147:
2098:
2042:
1949:
1918:
1912:
1881:
1814:
1809:
1779:
1745:
1736:
1627:
1514:
1510:
1215:
1203:
939:
598:
588:
514:
172:
2032:"Witch mark" redirects here. For the hypothetical body mark, see
1451:. The two gods most frequently invoked in these rituals were the
4456:
4018:
4003:
3824:
3659:
3654:
3509:
The Stations of the Sun: A History of the Ritual Year in Britain
2173:
1851:
1833:
1775:
1755:
1475:
944:
603:
3603:
3599:
2234:
by Saxon and Viking sailors, to avoid bad luck on the voyage.
2499:(辛 棄疾, "Qiji" meaning "abandoning disease"). Some traditional
1968:
ceremony. This custom continued until the early 20th century.
1636:) from the 6th century BCE up until the end of the end of the
1619:
1464:
1058:
3581:
Sue Dewsbury, "Folk Plays – January 2004 – Coleby Plough Jag"
2760:
2651:. Chicago: The Oriental Institute of Chicago. pp. 14–28.
3203:"Witch marks fit for a king beguile archaeologists at Knole"
2837:
A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities (1890), Fascinum
1569:
in their houses and wore amulets to protected them from the
3444:
Childhood in Ancient Athens: Iconography and Social History
1548:
1447:) were embodied by the deity who personified magic itself,
1652:
still have stylised eyes painted on the bows. The defunct
4267:
4253:
4243:
4233:
1640:. The exaggerated eyes may have been intended to prevent
1435:
Apotropaic magical rituals were practiced throughout the
2626:
preserved these rhymes as its theme song into the 1970s.
1876:
were believed to have apotropaic qualities. Often stone
3184:"Ritual Protection Marks and Witchcraft at Knole, Kent"
1493:
Likewise, protective amulets bearing the likenesses of
3264:"Cresswell Crags: Witches Marks Found In Cave Network"
3139:
3137:
3135:
3133:
3131:
2983:. Daily Life through Artifacts. ABC-CLIO. p. 72.
2562: – Word used instead of a taboo or dangerous word
1398:. Apotropaic observances may also be practiced out of
4653:
Perceptions of religious imagery in natural phenomena
3590:, photos of Mummers, Traditional Drama Research Group
3396:
Handbook of Ashkenazic Given Names and Their Variants
2215:
and other non-Roman subjects were common. Romans saw
1984:
was often nailed up over, or close by, doorways (see
1955:
An example of the use of shiny apotropaic objects in
1688:
3594:
Apotropaic protection at Kilbirnie Place castle keep
3013:
Domestic interiors: the British tradition, 1500–1850
2190:
hung the figure of a kind of grasshopper before the
1948:, that were hung in windows. Similarly, the Chinese
1704:
1577:
hung the figure of a kind of grasshopper before the
1467:(who developed from the early apotropaic dwarf god,
4585:
4226:
4072:
3843:
3750:
3714:
3678:
3637:
2681:(in German). Munich: Ludwig-Maximilians University.
1542:
27:
Magic intended to turn away harm or evil influences
3488:
3229:
2649:The Mechanics of Ancient Egyptian Magical Practice
2381:was a special fire kindled to ward off plague and
1817:wood may have been chosen for the post or mantel.
2495:(霍 去病, "Qubing" meaning "away with illness"), or
3070:(in German and English). Basel. pp. 34–35.
3476:The Golden Bough: A Study in Magic and Religion
2809:. University of Wisconsin Press. p. 182.
1709:), is somewhat equivalent to the expression, "
3615:
2269:Apotropaic marks such as the initials of the
2104:Marks have been found in buildings including
1682:
1531:apotropaia, probaskania, periammata, periapta
1353:
349:Two ancient anthropomorphic figures from Peru
309:
8:
1758:and showing her belt clasp of serpents; the
1698:
3463:The Year in Ireland: Irish Calendar Customs
2679:Die Apotopaia und Die Götter Mittelägyptens
2447:Amulets for specific purposes on sale at a
2054:flower-like patterns of overlapping circles
1824:(and their earlier counterparts, made from
3622:
3608:
3600:
3491:Prolegomena to the Study of Greek Religion
3090:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
2084:flower-like pattern of overlapping circles
1820:Similarly the grotesque faces carved into
1725:, the head of which now may be called the
1360:
1346:
327:
316:
302:
59:
39:
1940:for the purpose. "Witch balls" are shiny
1897:. It is associated with the 500-year-old
1840:are meant to avert evil: this season was
1565:(child-nurturing) deities. Greeks placed
2964:
2952:
2790:
2731:Gilleland, Michael, ed. (26 June 2008).
2691:
2484:("wolf") (and its many derivatives) and
1992:, and small paper horseshoes feature in
1677:(fin) of its aeroplanes. The apotropaic
1644:from entering the mouth while drinking.
868:Anthropological Perspectives on Religion
31:
3143:
2870:
2858:
2639:
2613:
2094:on the jambs of a medieval door frame.
1482:), gained widespread popularity in the
335:
51:
3329:
3317:
3301:
3083:
2967:, pp. 187ff, "The Ker as Gorgon".
2769:
2405:or turf from the bonfire were carried
2211:), deformities such as hunchbacks, or
4724:Objects believed to protect from evil
3047:from the original on 13 December 2009
3015:. Yale University Press. p. 24.
2417:were also believed to ward off evil.
2180:were believed to ward off or destroy
7:
4174:Russian traditions and superstitions
3342:Alexander Beider (29 October 2015).
3306:Chapter 62, Section 8: The Need-fire
3108:, Manchester University Press. p.167
2666:. New York: College Art Association.
2008:. These included specially-prepared
1537:. The Greeks made offerings to the "
557:Spirits and on Vampires or Revenants
3279:Art in the Lives of Ordinary Romans
2888:Apotropaism in Greek vase-paintings
2664:The Origin of Aha (also called Bes)
2164:Items and symbols such as crosses,
1699:
1693:, 'no evil eye' (in modern
1683:
1622:were often painted to ward off the
3125:. November/December 2016. Page 68.
3037:"Bhutan's phalluses ward off evil"
2710:. Mohr Siebeck. pp. 105–107.
687:Archaeology of religion and ritual
25:
4673:Superstitions in Muslim societies
3520:Kennedy, Maev (31 October 2016).
3201:Kennedy, Maev (5 November 2014).
3182:Wright, James (19 October 2015).
1778:. In ancient Greece, grotesque,
343:
3861:Superstition in the Philippines
3244:from the original on 8 May 2022
2480:, "protective names"), such as
2090:in Gloucestershire, as well as
1595:In Ireland, it is customary on
400:Evolutionary origin of religion
88:Psychological theories of magic
2980:Artifacts from Medieval Europe
2931:Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary
1768:Archaeological Museum of Corfu
555:Treatise on the Apparitions of
1:
4648:Obsessive–compulsive disorder
4405:End-of-the-day betting effect
4169:Ravens of the Tower of London
4085:Barbary macaques in Gibraltar
3348:. OUP Oxford. pp. 183–.
3291:Apollodorus, Library, note 10
3156:antlassco (29 October 2013).
2848:Apollodorus, Library, note 10
2677:Atlenmüller, Hartwig (1965).
1808:were carved to frighten away
1005:Traditional African religions
550:Coral Gardens and Their Magic
4272:Seventh son of a seventh son
3442:Beaumont, Lesley A. (2013).
3423:Rečnik ličnih imena kod Srba
3066:Lubrich, Naomi, ed. (2022).
2977:Tschen-Emmons, J.B. (2015).
2294:Staatliche Antikensammlungen
2160:around the mother and child.
1923:Jewish Museum of Switzerland
1549:
3596:, North Ayrshire, Scotland.
3495:(2nd ed.). Cambridge:
3345:Origins of Yiddish Dialects
2476:are many apotropaic names (
2080:Bradford-on-Avon Tithe Barn
1705:
1689:
1402:or out of tradition, as in
4755:
4059:Numbers in Chinese culture
3497:Cambridge University Press
2761:
2424:
2315:
2304:
2031:
1798:faces and figures such as
1764:temple of Artemis in Corfu
1543:
4658:Post hoc ergo propter hoc
3894:Ghosts in Bengali culture
3426:. Belgrade: Vuk Karadžić.
3393:Alexander Beider (2009).
2776:: CS1 maint: unfit URL (
2704:Louise A Gosbell (2018).
2662:Romano, James F. (1978).
2620:The children's TV series
1406:(perhaps some token on a
1083:Armenian Apostolic Church
4704:Anthropology of religion
4345:Auspicious wedding dates
4122:Icelandic magical staves
3934:Puppy pregnancy syndrome
3856:Superstition in Pakistan
3722:Superstition in Ethiopia
3706:Theatrical superstitions
3420:Grković, Milica (1977).
2806:The Evil Eye: A Casebook
2134:Native American cultures
2110:Shakespeare's Birthplace
2020:, as well as shoes (see
1471:, literally "fighter").
1386: 'to ward off') or
975:Native American religion
630:Revitalization movements
485:Sacred–profane dichotomy
337:Anthropology of religion
223:Christian views on magic
4668:Superstition in Judaism
4189:Spilling water for luck
4179:Superstition in Britain
3586:3 November 2013 at the
3513:Oxford University Press
3461:Danaher, Kevin (1972).
3372:The Jewish Encyclopedia
3369:Jacobs, Joseph (1908).
3277:John R. Clarke (2003),
2905:Encyclopædia Britannica
2647:Ritner, Robert (1988).
2000:Objects buried in walls
889:The Journal of Religion
510:Theories about religion
4437:Four eleven forty-four
4184:Superstition in Serbia
3866:Japanese superstitions
3701:Sailors' superstitions
3696:List of bad luck signs
2901:"apotropaic eye (art)"
2455:
2370:
2339:Dressing boys as girls
2297:
2222:In Europe, apotropaic
2161:
2048:
1926:
1771:
1463:, and the lion-deity,
1414:, or gestures such as
935:Alaska Native religion
930:Afro-American religion
525:Veneration of the dead
37:
4603:Astrology and science
4350:Baseball superstition
3871:Superstition in Korea
3851:Superstition in India
3691:List of lucky symbols
3686:List of superstitions
3011:Ayres, James (2003).
2884:Hildburgh, Walter Leo
2446:
2355:
2316:Further information:
2284:
2194:as apotropaic magic.
2151:
2046:
2036:. For the novel, see
2028:Markings on buildings
1916:
1749:
1663:, adopted the symbol
1648:in some parts of the
1336:cultural anthropology
955:Chinese folk religion
847:Anthony F. C. Wallace
842:Daniel Martin Varisco
767:E. E. Evans-Pritchard
669:of the Religious Life
35:
4709:Magic (supernatural)
4678:Traditional medicine
4164:Rabbit rabbit rabbit
3485:Harrison, Jane Ellen
3471:Frazer, James George
3123:Archaeology Magazine
2803:Alan Dundes (1992).
2152:An ancient Egyptian
2124:in Nottinghamshire.
1650:Mediterranean region
990:Shamanism in Siberia
837:Edward Burnett Tylor
667:The Elementary Forms
435:Magic (supernatural)
385:Comparative religion
278:Magical organization
4487:Maternal impression
4339:Number of the Beast
4110:The Goodman's Croft
3785:Curse of Tippecanoe
3332:, pp. 365–369.
3320:, pp. 218–225.
3266:. 15 February 2019.
3240:. 16 October 2015.
2873:, pp. 207–208.
2331:Spitting on clothes
2277:Rituals and actions
2192:Acropolis of Athens
2114:Stratford-upon-Avon
1986:Oakham's horseshoes
1944:ornaments, such as
1675:vertical stabilizer
1579:Acropolis of Athens
1426:Symbols and objects
1172:Hindu denominations
1113:Ethiopian Orthodoxy
882:The Hibbert Journal
792:Claude Lévi-Strauss
777:Fustel de Coulanges
331:Part of a series on
288:Western esotericism
4663:Questionable cause
4633:Magic and religion
4395:Davy Jones' Locker
4159:Powder of sympathy
3830:White lighter myth
2733:"Averters of Evil"
2456:
2371:
2298:
2162:
2049:
2016:and the bodies of
1927:
1772:
1513:featuring the god
1495:gods and goddesses
1226:Non-denominational
1138:Oriental Orthodoxy
692:Poles in mythology
425:Laying on of hands
218:Magic and religion
83:Magic and religion
38:
4719:Religious objects
4691:
4690:
4537:Sign of the horns
4442:Gambler's conceit
4299:triskaidekaphobia
4291:The Thirteen Club
4195:The Scottish Play
3904:Kuai Kuai culture
3759:Ascalapha odorata
3566:Primitive Culture
3561:Tylor, Sir Edward
3554:The White Goddess
3453:978-0-415-24874-7
3406:978-1-886223-43-1
3355:978-0-19-105981-0
3043:. 25 March 2005.
2990:978-1-61069-622-7
2955:, pp. 196ff.
2934:. Merriam-Webster
2861:, pp. 22–25.
2608:Explanatory notes
2596:Sympathetic magic
2586:Singa (mythology)
2530:Eyespot (mimicry)
2439:Apotropaic names
2362:on the church at
2326:Sign of the horns
2322:Sign of the cross
2292:, circa 530 BCE.
2266:to placate them.
2238:the Thames under
1946:Christmas baubles
1550:apotropaioi theoi
1457:fertility goddess
1437:ancient Near East
1370:
1369:
1158:Russian Orthodoxy
1108:Eastern Orthodoxy
757:Arnold van Gennep
676:Purity and Danger
326:
325:
178:Sympathetic magic
16:(Redirected from
4746:
4638:Magical thinking
4598:Apotropaic magic
4532:Shoes on a table
4507:Numismatic charm
4472:Law of contagion
4467:Knocking on wood
4365:Bread and butter
4295:thirteenth floor
4258:Four-leaf clover
4248:Three on a match
4206:Tycho Brahe days
4128:In bocca al lupo
3954:Okiagari-koboshi
3815:Oscar love curse
3765:Bermuda Triangle
3624:
3617:
3610:
3601:
3536:
3534:
3532:
3516:
3500:
3494:
3480:
3466:
3465:. Mercier Press.
3457:
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2667:
2659:
2653:
2652:
2644:
2627:
2618:
2318:Knocking on wood
2232:Age of Invasions
2092:taper burn marks
2062:Taper burn marks
1909:Reflective items
1822:pumpkin lanterns
1708:
1702:
1701:
1692:
1686:
1685:
1638:classical period
1581:for protection.
1552:
1546:
1545:
1544:ἀποτρόπαιοι θεοί
1420:knocking on wood
1404:good luck charms
1388:protective magic
1373:Apotropaic magic
1362:
1355:
1348:
1103:Coptic Orthodoxy
817:Marshall Sahlins
659:Related articles
347:
328:
318:
311:
304:
118:Ceremonial magic
108:Apotropaic magic
78:History of magic
63:
40:
21:
4754:
4753:
4749:
4748:
4747:
4745:
4744:
4743:
4694:
4693:
4692:
4687:
4628:Fortune-telling
4581:
4452:Human sacrifice
4447:Good luck charm
4431:Flying Dutchman
4400:Dead man's hand
4355:Beginner's luck
4309:Heptadecaphobia
4287:Friday the 13th
4222:
4154:Painted pebbles
4068:
3979:Hindu astrology
3839:
3746:
3710:
3674:
3670:Myth and ritual
3633:
3628:
3588:Wayback Machine
3577:
3572:
3544:
3542:Further reading
3539:
3530:
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3519:
3503:
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3237:The Independent
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3188:Gresham College
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2935:
2926:"knock on wood"
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2619:
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2610:
2605:
2601:Taper burn mark
2571:Painted pebbles
2550:Jack-o'-lantern
2510:
2501:Taiwanese names
2441:
2429:
2423:
2411:Walpurgis Night
2356:A 12th-century
2350:
2341:
2333:
2328:
2314:
2309:
2303:
2279:
2154:apotropaic wand
2146:
2130:
2118:Tower of London
2041:
2030:
2022:concealed shoes
2002:
1978:Western culture
1974:
1911:
1864:
1856:Celtic calendar
1762:of the 580 BCE
1719:
1617:
1597:St Brigid's Day
1593:
1523:
1433:
1428:
1416:crossed fingers
1366:
1326:
1325:
1118:Greek Orthodoxy
1098:Catholic Church
914:
913:
902:
901:
862:
861:
852:
851:
827:Stanley Tambiah
782:Clifford Geertz
737:Joseph Campbell
722:Augustin Calmet
717:
716:
715:Major theorists
707:
706:
682:Myth and ritual
668:
661:
660:
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650:
556:
540:
539:
530:
529:
480:Sacred language
470:Rite of passage
395:Divine language
360:
359:
350:
322:
293:
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273:Magical formula
263:
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233:Islam and magic
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4552:Statue rubbing
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4444:
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4427:
4422:
4420:Fertility rite
4417:
4415:Fear of ghosts
4412:
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4049:White elephant
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3800:Fortune cookie
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3742:Sleeping child
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3575:External links
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3549:Graves, Robert
3545:
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3505:Hutton, Ronald
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3077:978-3796546075
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2459:Ashkenazi Jews
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2170:silver bullets
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2122:Creswell Crags
2073:Virgo Virginum
2029:
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2001:
1998:
1973:
1970:
1925:'s collection.
1910:
1907:
1868:Ancient Greece
1863:
1860:
1801:sheela na gigs
1739:and shield of
1718:
1715:
1690:kain ein horeh
1657:budget airline
1616:
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1601:Brigid's cross
1592:
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1527:ancient Greeks
1522:
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705:
704:
702:Elite religion
699:
697:Lived religion
694:
689:
684:
679:
672:
662:
658:
657:
656:
653:
652:
649:
648:
643:
638:
632:
631:
627:
626:
621:
616:
611:
606:
601:
596:
591:
586:
581:
576:
570:
569:
565:
564:
559:
552:
546:
545:
541:
537:
536:
535:
532:
531:
528:
527:
522:
517:
512:
507:
502:
497:
492:
487:
482:
477:
472:
467:
462:
457:
452:
447:
442:
437:
432:
427:
422:
417:
412:
407:
402:
397:
392:
387:
382:
377:
372:
367:
361:
358:Basic concepts
357:
356:
355:
352:
351:
348:
340:
339:
333:
332:
324:
323:
321:
320:
313:
306:
298:
295:
294:
291:
290:
285:
280:
275:
270:
264:
261:Related topics
260:
259:
258:
255:
254:
251:
250:
245:
240:
235:
230:
225:
220:
214:
210:
209:
208:
205:
204:
201:
200:
195:
190:
185:
180:
175:
170:
165:
160:
155:
150:
145:
140:
135:
130:
125:
120:
115:
110:
104:
100:
99:
98:
95:
94:
91:
90:
85:
80:
74:
70:
69:
68:
65:
64:
56:
55:
49:
48:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4751:
4740:
4737:
4735:
4732:
4730:
4727:
4725:
4722:
4720:
4717:
4715:
4712:
4710:
4707:
4705:
4702:
4701:
4699:
4684:
4681:
4679:
4676:
4674:
4671:
4669:
4666:
4664:
4661:
4659:
4656:
4654:
4651:
4649:
4646:
4644:
4641:
4639:
4636:
4634:
4631:
4629:
4626:
4624:
4623:Folk religion
4621:
4619:
4616:
4614:
4611:
4609:
4606:
4604:
4601:
4599:
4596:
4594:
4591:
4590:
4588:
4584:
4578:
4577:Witching hour
4575:
4573:
4570:
4568:
4565:
4563:
4560:
4558:
4555:
4553:
4550:
4548:
4547:Spilling salt
4545:
4543:
4542:Something old
4540:
4538:
4535:
4533:
4530:
4528:
4525:
4523:
4520:
4518:
4517:Rabbit's foot
4515:
4513:
4510:
4508:
4505:
4503:
4500:
4498:
4495:
4493:
4492:Miasma theory
4490:
4488:
4485:
4483:
4480:
4478:
4475:
4473:
4470:
4468:
4465:
4463:
4460:
4458:
4455:
4453:
4450:
4448:
4445:
4443:
4440:
4438:
4435:
4433:
4432:
4428:
4426:
4423:
4421:
4418:
4416:
4413:
4411:
4410:Fear of frogs
4408:
4406:
4403:
4401:
4398:
4396:
4393:
4391:
4388:
4386:
4383:
4381:
4378:
4376:
4373:
4371:
4368:
4366:
4363:
4361:
4358:
4356:
4353:
4351:
4348:
4346:
4343:
4340:
4336:
4333:
4330:
4326:
4323:
4320:
4316:
4313:
4310:
4306:
4303:
4300:
4296:
4292:
4288:
4284:
4281:
4279:
4276:
4273:
4269:
4266:
4263:
4259:
4255:
4252:
4249:
4245:
4242:
4239:
4238:Ace of spades
4235:
4232:
4231:
4229:
4225:
4219:
4218:
4214:
4212:
4209:
4207:
4204:
4202:
4199:
4197:
4196:
4192:
4190:
4187:
4185:
4182:
4180:
4177:
4175:
4172:
4170:
4167:
4165:
4162:
4160:
4157:
4155:
4152:
4150:
4147:
4145:
4142:
4140:
4139:Klabautermann
4137:
4135:
4134:Kitchen witch
4132:
4130:
4129:
4125:
4123:
4120:
4118:
4117:
4113:
4111:
4108:
4106:
4103:
4101:
4098:
4096:
4095:Blarney Stone
4093:
4091:
4088:
4086:
4083:
4081:
4078:
4077:
4075:
4071:
4065:
4062:
4060:
4057:
4055:
4052:
4050:
4047:
4045:
4044:Vastu shastra
4042:
4040:
4037:
4035:
4032:
4030:
4027:
4025:
4022:
4020:
4017:
4015:
4012:
4010:
4007:
4005:
4002:
4000:
3997:
3995:
3992:
3990:
3987:
3985:
3982:
3980:
3977:
3975:
3972:
3970:
3967:
3965:
3962:
3960:
3957:
3955:
3952:
3950:
3947:
3945:
3942:
3940:
3937:
3935:
3932:
3930:
3927:
3925:
3922:
3920:
3917:
3915:
3912:
3910:
3907:
3905:
3902:
3900:
3899:Jackal's horn
3897:
3895:
3892:
3890:
3887:
3885:
3882:
3880:
3878:
3874:
3872:
3869:
3867:
3864:
3862:
3859:
3857:
3854:
3852:
3849:
3848:
3846:
3842:
3836:
3833:
3831:
3828:
3826:
3823:
3821:
3818:
3816:
3813:
3811:
3808:
3806:
3805:Groundhog Day
3803:
3801:
3798:
3796:
3793:
3791:
3788:
3786:
3783:
3781:
3778:
3776:
3773:
3771:
3768:
3766:
3763:
3761:
3760:
3756:
3755:
3753:
3749:
3743:
3740:
3738:
3735:
3733:
3730:
3728:
3725:
3723:
3720:
3719:
3717:
3713:
3707:
3704:
3702:
3699:
3697:
3694:
3692:
3689:
3687:
3684:
3683:
3681:
3677:
3671:
3668:
3666:
3663:
3661:
3658:
3656:
3653:
3651:
3648:
3646:
3643:
3642:
3640:
3636:
3632:
3625:
3620:
3618:
3613:
3611:
3606:
3605:
3602:
3595:
3592:
3589:
3585:
3582:
3579:
3578:
3574:
3568:
3567:
3562:
3559:
3556:
3555:
3550:
3547:
3546:
3541:
3527:
3523:
3518:
3514:
3510:
3506:
3502:
3498:
3493:
3492:
3486:
3482:
3478:
3477:
3472:
3468:
3464:
3459:
3455:
3449:
3446:. Routledge.
3445:
3440:
3439:
3434:
3425:
3424:
3416:
3413:
3408:
3402:
3398:
3397:
3389:
3386:
3374:
3373:
3365:
3362:
3357:
3351:
3347:
3346:
3338:
3335:
3331:
3326:
3323:
3319:
3314:
3311:
3307:
3303:
3298:
3295:
3292:
3287:
3284:
3280:
3273:
3270:
3265:
3259:
3256:
3243:
3239:
3238:
3232:
3225:
3222:
3210:
3209:
3204:
3197:
3194:
3189:
3185:
3178:
3175:
3163:
3159:
3152:
3149:
3145:
3140:
3138:
3136:
3134:
3132:
3128:
3124:
3120:
3114:
3111:
3107:
3101:
3098:
3093:
3087:
3079:
3073:
3069:
3062:
3059:
3046:
3042:
3038:
3032:
3029:
3024:
3022:0-300-08445-5
3018:
3014:
3007:
3004:
2992:
2986:
2982:
2981:
2973:
2970:
2966:
2965:Harrison 1908
2961:
2958:
2954:
2953:Harrison 1908
2949:
2946:
2933:
2932:
2927:
2921:
2918:
2906:
2902:
2896:
2893:
2889:
2885:
2879:
2876:
2872:
2867:
2864:
2860:
2855:
2852:
2849:
2844:
2841:
2838:
2833:
2831:
2829:
2827:
2823:
2818:
2816:9780299133344
2812:
2808:
2807:
2799:
2796:
2793:, p. 64.
2792:
2791:Beaumont 2013
2787:
2784:
2779:
2773:
2766:
2757:
2751:
2747:
2734:
2727:
2724:
2719:
2713:
2709:
2708:
2700:
2697:
2694:, p. 62.
2693:
2692:Beaumont 2013
2688:
2685:
2680:
2673:
2670:
2665:
2658:
2655:
2650:
2643:
2640:
2633:
2625:
2624:
2617:
2614:
2607:
2602:
2599:
2597:
2594:
2592:
2589:
2587:
2584:
2582:
2579:
2577:
2574:
2572:
2569:
2567:
2564:
2561:
2558:
2556:
2553:
2551:
2548:
2546:
2543:
2541:
2538:
2536:
2533:
2531:
2528:
2526:
2523:
2521:
2518:
2516:
2513:
2512:
2507:
2505:
2502:
2498:
2494:
2489:
2487:
2483:
2479:
2475:
2474:Serbian names
2470:
2468:
2464:
2460:
2453:
2450:
2445:
2438:
2436:
2434:
2428:
2420:
2418:
2416:
2412:
2408:
2404:
2400:
2396:
2391:
2388:
2384:
2380:
2376:
2369:
2368:Herefordshire
2365:
2361:
2360:
2359:sheela na gig
2354:
2347:
2345:
2338:
2336:
2330:
2327:
2323:
2319:
2312:Hand gestures
2311:
2308:
2300:
2295:
2291:
2287:
2283:
2276:
2274:
2272:
2267:
2265:
2261:
2257:
2256:Great Britain
2253:
2248:
2246:
2241:
2240:London Bridge
2237:
2233:
2229:
2225:
2220:
2218:
2214:
2210:
2209:
2204:
2200:
2195:
2193:
2189:
2185:
2183:
2179:
2175:
2171:
2167:
2159:
2155:
2150:
2143:
2141:
2139:
2135:
2128:Dreamcatchers
2127:
2125:
2123:
2119:
2115:
2111:
2107:
2102:
2100:
2095:
2093:
2089:
2085:
2081:
2076:
2074:
2070:
2065:
2063:
2059:
2055:
2045:
2039:
2035:
2027:
2025:
2023:
2019:
2015:
2011:
2010:witch bottles
2007:
1999:
1997:
1995:
1991:
1987:
1983:
1979:
1971:
1969:
1967:
1963:
1958:
1953:
1951:
1947:
1943:
1939:
1935:
1931:
1924:
1920:
1915:
1908:
1906:
1904:
1903:Drukpa Kunley
1901:tradition of
1900:
1896:
1891:
1889:
1888:
1883:
1879:
1875:
1874:
1869:
1861:
1859:
1857:
1853:
1849:
1845:
1844:
1839:
1835:
1831:
1827:
1823:
1818:
1816:
1811:
1807:
1803:
1802:
1797:
1793:
1789:
1785:
1781:
1777:
1769:
1765:
1761:
1757:
1754:, flanked by
1753:
1748:
1744:
1742:
1738:
1734:
1730:
1729:
1724:
1716:
1714:
1712:
1711:knock on wood
1707:
1706:bli ein ha'ra
1696:
1691:
1680:
1676:
1672:
1668:
1667:
1666:nazar boncuğu
1662:
1658:
1655:
1651:
1647:
1646:Fishing boats
1643:
1639:
1635:
1631:
1630:
1625:
1621:
1614:
1612:
1610:
1606:
1602:
1598:
1590:
1588:
1585:
1582:
1580:
1576:
1572:
1568:
1564:
1560:
1556:
1551:
1540:
1539:averting gods
1536:
1532:
1528:
1520:
1518:
1516:
1512:
1508:
1505:
1500:
1496:
1491:
1489:
1488:solar deities
1485:
1481:
1477:
1472:
1470:
1466:
1462:
1458:
1454:
1450:
1446:
1442:
1441:ancient Egypt
1438:
1431:Ancient Egypt
1430:
1425:
1423:
1421:
1417:
1413:
1409:
1405:
1401:
1397:
1393:
1390:is a type of
1389:
1385:
1383:
1378:
1374:
1363:
1358:
1356:
1351:
1349:
1344:
1343:
1341:
1340:
1337:
1333:
1330:
1329:
1322:
1319:
1318:
1315:
1312:
1310:
1307:
1306:
1303:
1300:
1299:
1296:
1293:
1291:
1288:
1286:
1283:
1281:
1278:
1276:
1273:
1271:
1268:
1266:
1263:
1262:
1259:
1256:
1255:
1252:
1249:
1247:
1244:
1242:
1239:
1237:
1234:
1232:
1229:
1227:
1224:
1222:
1219:
1217:
1214:
1212:
1209:
1208:
1205:
1202:
1201:
1198:
1195:
1193:
1190:
1188:
1185:
1183:
1180:
1178:
1175:
1173:
1170:
1169:
1166:
1163:
1162:
1159:
1156:
1154:
1151:
1149:
1148:Protestantism
1146:
1144:
1141:
1139:
1136:
1134:
1131:
1129:
1126:
1124:
1121:
1119:
1116:
1114:
1111:
1109:
1106:
1104:
1101:
1099:
1096:
1094:
1091:
1089:
1086:
1084:
1081:
1079:
1076:
1074:
1071:
1070:
1067:
1064:
1063:
1060:
1057:
1055:
1052:
1050:
1047:
1045:
1042:
1040:
1037:
1035:
1032:
1030:
1027:
1025:
1022:
1020:
1017:
1016:
1013:
1010:
1009:
1006:
1003:
1001:
998:
996:
993:
991:
988:
986:
983:
981:
978:
976:
973:
971:
968:
966:
963:
961:
958:
956:
953:
951:
948:
946:
943:
941:
938:
936:
933:
931:
928:
927:
924:
920:
917:
916:
912:
906:
905:
898:
897:
893:
891:
890:
886:
884:
883:
879:
877:
876:
872:
870:
869:
865:
864:
856:
855:
848:
845:
843:
840:
838:
835:
833:
832:Victor Turner
830:
828:
825:
823:
822:Melford Spiro
820:
818:
815:
813:
810:
808:
807:Roy Rappaport
805:
803:
802:Steven Ozment
800:
798:
797:Robert Marett
795:
793:
790:
788:
785:
783:
780:
778:
775:
773:
770:
768:
765:
763:
760:
758:
755:
753:
752:Mircea Eliade
750:
748:
745:
743:
740:
738:
735:
733:
730:
728:
725:
723:
720:
719:
711:
710:
703:
700:
698:
695:
693:
690:
688:
685:
683:
680:
678:
677:
673:
671:
670:
664:
663:
655:
654:
647:
646:Handsome Lake
644:
642:
639:
637:
634:
633:
629:
628:
625:
622:
620:
617:
615:
612:
610:
607:
605:
602:
600:
597:
595:
592:
590:
587:
585:
582:
580:
577:
575:
572:
571:
567:
566:
563:
560:
558:
553:
551:
548:
547:
543:
542:
534:
533:
526:
523:
521:
518:
516:
513:
511:
508:
506:
503:
501:
498:
496:
493:
491:
488:
486:
483:
481:
478:
476:
473:
471:
468:
466:
463:
461:
458:
456:
453:
451:
448:
446:
443:
441:
438:
436:
433:
431:
428:
426:
423:
421:
418:
416:
413:
411:
408:
406:
403:
401:
398:
396:
393:
391:
388:
386:
383:
381:
378:
376:
373:
371:
368:
366:
363:
362:
354:
353:
346:
342:
341:
338:
334:
330:
329:
319:
314:
312:
307:
305:
300:
299:
297:
296:
289:
286:
284:
281:
279:
276:
274:
271:
269:
266:
265:
257:
256:
249:
246:
244:
241:
239:
236:
234:
231:
229:
228:Folk religion
226:
224:
221:
219:
216:
215:
207:
206:
199:
196:
194:
191:
189:
186:
184:
181:
179:
176:
174:
171:
169:
166:
164:
161:
159:
156:
154:
153:Natural magic
151:
149:
146:
144:
141:
139:
136:
134:
131:
129:
126:
124:
121:
119:
116:
114:
111:
109:
106:
105:
97:
96:
89:
86:
84:
81:
79:
76:
75:
67:
66:
62:
58:
57:
54:
50:
46:
42:
41:
34:
30:
19:
4683:Urban legend
4597:
4567:Wishing well
4527:Ship sponsor
4502:Numerophobia
4482:Lock of hair
4429:
4380:Chain letter
4215:
4193:
4126:
4116:Himmelsbrief
4114:
4080:August curse
4064:Yantra cloth
3876:
3835:Witch window
3757:
3631:Superstition
3564:
3552:
3529:. Retrieved
3526:The Guardian
3525:
3508:
3490:
3474:
3462:
3443:
3422:
3415:
3399:. Avotaynu.
3395:
3388:
3376:. Retrieved
3371:
3364:
3344:
3337:
3325:
3313:
3297:
3286:
3278:
3272:
3258:
3246:. Retrieved
3235:
3224:
3212:. Retrieved
3208:The Guardian
3206:
3196:
3177:
3165:. Retrieved
3161:
3151:
3144:Kennedy 2016
3113:
3105:
3100:
3067:
3061:
3049:. Retrieved
3040:
3031:
3012:
3006:
2994:. Retrieved
2979:
2972:
2960:
2948:
2936:. Retrieved
2929:
2920:
2908:. Retrieved
2904:
2895:
2887:
2878:
2871:Danaher 1972
2866:
2859:Danaher 1972
2854:
2843:
2805:
2798:
2786:
2749:
2744:
2737:. Retrieved
2726:
2706:
2699:
2687:
2678:
2672:
2663:
2657:
2648:
2642:
2621:
2616:
2490:
2477:
2471:
2466:
2457:
2433:ritual magic
2430:
2427:Magic circle
2421:Magic circle
2392:
2372:
2357:
2348:Fire rituals
2342:
2334:
2268:
2249:
2221:
2206:
2196:
2188:Peisistratus
2186:
2163:
2158:magic circle
2138:dreamcatcher
2131:
2103:
2096:
2088:Owlpen Manor
2077:
2072:
2066:
2050:
2034:Witch's mark
2014:horse skulls
2003:
1975:
1954:
1938:silver plate
1934:mummers play
1928:
1892:
1885:
1871:
1865:
1841:
1819:
1799:
1773:
1733:Greek temple
1726:
1720:
1684:קיין עין הרע
1681:expression,
1671:nazar bonjuk
1670:
1664:
1642:evil spirits
1628:
1618:
1594:
1586:
1583:
1575:Peisistratus
1563:kourotrophic
1557:deities and
1535:profylaktika
1534:
1530:
1524:
1492:
1473:
1453:hippopotamus
1434:
1400:superstition
1387:
1380:
1372:
1371:
1265:Conservative
1133:Nestorianism
1066:Christianity
894:
887:
880:
873:
866:
812:Saba Mahmood
787:Robin Horton
772:James Frazer
742:Mary Douglas
674:
665:
562:Neo-Paganism
538:Case studies
505:Superstition
500:Soul dualism
410:Great Spirit
107:
29:
4608:Coincidence
4562:Toi toi toi
4477:Literomancy
4370:Break a leg
4329:Curse of 39
4262:tetraphobia
4201:Troll cross
4090:Bayern-luck
4024:Kuman Thong
3949:Maneki-neko
3944:Kanai Anzen
3929:Pichal Peri
3924:Nazar battu
3810:I'noGo tied
3638:Main topics
3435:Works cited
3378:24 December
3330:Hutton 1996
3318:Hutton 1996
3302:Frazer 1922
2938:16 December
2746:Hippocrates
2545:Hoko (doll)
2488:("stone").
2307:Incantation
2271:Virgin Mary
2264:salutations
2230:during the
2224:figureheads
2106:Knole House
2069:Virgin Mary
1942:blown glass
1806:hunky punks
1700:בלי עין הרע
1599:to weave a
1192:Vaishnavism
1123:Lutheranism
1078:Anglicanism
762:René Girard
641:Ghost Dance
520:Transtheism
490:Sacred site
450:Nympholepsy
268:Incantation
193:White magic
183:Thaumaturgy
123:Chaos magic
113:Black magic
4698:Categories
4643:Numerology
4618:Divination
4572:Witch ball
4522:Rainmaking
4425:First-foot
4385:Cramp-ring
4375:Bullroarer
4217:Wolfssegen
4211:Witch post
4105:Cornicello
4029:Palad khik
4009:Pagtatawas
3531:31 October
3248:31 October
3214:5 November
2634:References
2520:Azusa yumi
2493:Huo Qubing
2379:force-fire
2286:Chalcidian
2166:crucifixes
2056:. such as
2047:A hexafoil
2018:dried cats
2006:witchcraft
1972:Horseshoes
1966:Brit Milah
1728:Gorgoneion
1609:witchcraft
1480:birth tusk
1384:, apotrépō
1375:(from
1314:Śvetāmbara
950:Böö mörgöl
732:Talal Asad
636:Cargo cult
465:Polytheism
460:Pilgrimage
445:Monotheism
430:Liminality
420:Initiation
415:Henotheism
390:Divination
380:Communitas
198:Witchcraft
158:Necromancy
148:Invocation
143:Gray magic
128:Divination
71:Background
18:Witch mark
4734:Talismans
4593:Apophenia
4557:Threshold
4360:Black cat
4149:Need-fire
4039:Nang Kwak
3989:Albularyo
3974:Feng shui
3969:Fan death
3914:Navaratna
3884:Chhaupadi
3732:Gris-gris
3665:Talismans
3473:(1922) .
3086:cite book
3051:1 January
2756:Pausanias
2581:Peijainen
2535:Hama yumi
2415:Midsummer
2375:need-fire
2217:deformity
2199:Roman art
2058:hexafoils
2038:Witchmark
1982:horseshoe
1921:, in the
1862:Phalluses
1838:Halloween
1796:grotesque
1794:or other
1792:gargoyles
1756:lionesses
1673:) on the
1567:talismans
1507:Ptolemies
1309:Digambara
1251:Yazdânism
1231:Quranists
1211:Ahmadiyya
1197:Ayyavazhi
1128:Methodism
1093:Calvinism
1073:Adventism
1054:Vajrayana
1039:Theravada
1029:Pure Land
911:Religions
584:Bobohizan
495:Shamanism
405:Fetishism
365:Afterlife
238:Mysticism
168:Shamanism
163:Sex magic
133:Evocation
4714:Folklore
4613:Debunker
4144:Mooncalf
4100:Cimaruta
4054:Jin Chan
3790:Curupira
3775:Carranca
3770:Brujería
3751:Americas
3650:Evil eye
3584:Archived
3563:(1871).
3551:(1948).
3507:(1996).
3487:(1908).
3242:Archived
3167:11 March
3119:Artifact
3045:Archived
3041:BBC News
2910:22 March
2886:(1946),
2772:cite web
2591:Skandola
2560:Noa-name
2525:Exorcism
2515:Anasyrma
2508:See also
2497:Xin Qiji
2454:in Japan
2236:Dredging
2208:fascinus
2182:vampires
2132:In some
2071:, alias
1994:confetti
1990:weddings
1962:evil eye
1899:Buddhist
1887:fascinum
1784:churches
1760:pediment
1634:eye-cups
1624:evil eye
1571:evil eye
1555:chthonic
1497:such as
1455:-formed
1396:evil eye
1382:αποτρέπω
1290:Orthodox
1280:Haymanot
1221:Mahdavia
1187:Smartism
1182:Shaktism
1177:Shaivism
1165:Hinduism
1088:Baptists
1024:Nichiren
1019:Mahayana
1012:Buddhism
1000:Tengrism
875:Folklore
860:Journals
619:Slametan
579:Babaylan
574:Angakkuq
211:Religion
45:a series
43:Part of
4729:Amulets
4586:Related
4319:27 Club
4227:General
3964:Omamori
3939:Akabeko
3909:Muhurta
3879:(ghost)
3780:Cooties
2750:Regimen
2555:Mezuzah
2486:Staniša
2413:and at
2407:sunwise
2399:Samhain
2395:Beltane
2383:murrain
2364:Kilpeck
2290:eye-cup
2260:magpies
2252:Ireland
2213:Pygmies
2172:, wild
2078:At the
1957:Judaism
1930:Mirrors
1878:reliefs
1873:phalloi
1843:Samhain
1826:turnips
1810:witches
1788:castles
1679:Yiddish
1661:Fly Air
1654:Turkish
1629:kylikes
1605:Samhain
1591:Crosses
1499:Taweret
1461:Taweret
1445:temples
1412:amulets
1321:Sikhism
1302:Jainism
1285:Karaite
1275:Hasidic
1258:Judaism
1153:Quakers
1049:Tibetan
1044:Tiantai
1034:Shingon
970:Kejawèn
896:Oceania
370:Animism
248:Thelema
188:Theurgy
4497:Nelson
4073:Europe
4034:Takrut
3994:Barang
3984:Agimat
3889:Churel
3715:Africa
3645:Amulet
3450:
3403:
3352:
3162:LASSCO
3074:
3019:
2996:11 May
2987:
2813:
2739:3 July
2714:
2623:Magpie
2576:Pazuzu
2472:Among
2467:Некрас
2452:shrine
2449:Shinto
2387:druids
2324:, and
2301:Charms
2245:lintel
2228:thrall
2203:Romans
2178:garlic
2144:Others
2116:, the
1895:Bhutan
1848:Celtic
1846:, the
1830:swedes
1752:Gorgon
1741:Athena
1723:Gorgon
1695:Hebrew
1559:heroes
1332:Social
1295:Reform
1270:Haredi
1241:Sufism
995:Shinto
985:Shindo
980:Noaidi
960:Hanitu
919:Ethnic
614:Pawang
609:Jhākri
568:Ritual
475:Ritual
455:Oracle
375:Augury
283:Occult
243:Shinto
173:Sigils
138:Goetia
4739:Muism
4512:Penny
4390:Curse
4278:11:11
4014:Pasma
3999:Kulam
3959:Ofuda
3919:Nazar
3877:Bhoot
3820:Susto
3795:Djucu
3737:Sampy
3679:Lists
2566:Ofuda
2540:Hamsa
2463:Alter
2174:roses
2099:Knole
1950:Bagua
1919:Basel
1882:Delos
1852:souls
1836:) at
1834:beets
1815:rowan
1780:satyr
1737:aegis
1717:Faces
1515:Horus
1511:stele
1504:Greek
1392:magic
1379:
1377:Greek
1246:Sunni
1216:Ibadi
1204:Islam
965:Hausa
940:Anito
599:Dukun
589:Bomoh
544:Magic
515:Totem
101:Forms
53:Magic
4457:Jinx
4019:Usog
4004:Lihi
3844:Asia
3825:Veve
3727:Buda
3660:Omen
3655:Luck
3533:2016
3448:ISBN
3401:ISBN
3380:2022
3350:ISBN
3250:2016
3216:2014
3169:2024
3092:link
3072:ISBN
3053:2010
3017:ISBN
2998:2018
2985:ISBN
2940:2020
2912:2014
2811:ISBN
2778:link
2741:2010
2712:ISBN
2397:and
2254:and
2176:and
2136:, a
2082:, a
1980:, a
1804:and
1786:and
1776:evil
1750:The
1620:Eyes
1615:Eyes
1533:and
1525:The
1476:wand
1449:Heka
1439:and
1334:and
1236:Shia
945:Atua
921:and
604:Miko
594:Bora
440:Mana
4462:Hex
4335:666
3121:".
2482:Vuk
2403:fir
2377:or
2250:In
2197:In
2112:in
2024:).
1976:In
1866:In
1858:).
1832:or
1713:."
1553:),
1541:" (
1509:),
1469:Aha
1465:Bes
1418:or
1410:),
1059:Zen
4700::
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4315:27
4305:17
4297:,
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