363:
429:; recent excavations have found that the contents of the tomb are indeed early medieval, but are the remains of a young woman. In 1971, archaeologists discovered three graves in a prominent place in front of the altar. The remains of three men who had died in the early 9th century, two of them about sixty-year-old warriors, the third a young man, were identified after a DNA analysis in 2002 as half-brothers or maternal cousins and a nephew. The man buried in front of the altar is assumed to be Widukind. When in the 10th century Saxon kings (of the
58:
680:
518:". Thousands of German maidens are captured and will be forced to mate with "Jews and Moors" unless Widukind converts, which he does only to avoid this horrifying prospect. He gives a speech saying that the survival of the German race was his principal concern, and that future generations will praise him for this when the true spirit of the German people arises once more.
1042:
412:
and confessed to spying on
Charlemagne's camp for the purpose of becoming better acquainted with the Christian faith. He later confessed the divine vision he had seen. The emperor concluded that God had given Widukind the grace of witnessing the divine child, Jesus, behind the Sacred Host of the Mass. Widukind then renounced his worship of pagan idols.
411:
and the priest would give the same child to each person. Widukind was dumbfounded by this scene and went to beg outside after the mass. One of the emperor's servants recognized
Widukind behind his disguise—due to an odd formation of one of his fingers—and Widukind was captured. He was interrogated
542:
He is called 'Blessed
Wittikund' in the Catholic Church and his feast day is celebrated on 7 January. Wittikund apparently saw an apparition of the child Jesus at Christmas mass one time. Following his baptism in 785 AD he forfeited engaging in warfare and became a prolific founder/restorer of
512:, Saxon leaders say, "That is what the Christians have done; they feign love, but bring murder!"—a line that led to protests from the audience. The play portrays Catholic church leaders planning to destroy German freedom by forcing racial mixture on them, thus turning them into pliable "
327:
as a likely location where
Widukind may have spent the rest of his life, but his results are inconclusive and widely rejected. Alternatively, he may have received a position in the administration of occupied Saxony. The
213:, who painted a negative picture representing him as an "insurgent" and a "traitor". While Widukind was considered the leader of the Saxon resistance by the Franks, his exact role in the military campaigns is unknown.
362:
492:
praised him as a hero of German freedom, who finally joined with the founder of the German Reich (Charlemagne). Two important plays about the Saxon leader were produced in 1934,
407:. He witnessed a priest performing a Holy Sacrifice of the Mass and the priest was holding a beautiful child during the consecration. To his astonishment, people would receive
895:
477:, resisting the Middle Eastern religion of Christianity. Christian nationalists also lauded him, linking Charlemagne with the humiliation of French domination after
284:
and goaded the Saxon nobles into rebellion. From 782 to 784, battles between Saxons and Franks occurred annually, while
Charlemagne had 4,500 Saxons executed at the
508:. The first celebrated the conversion of Widukind, but the second caused controversy because of its explicit anti-Christian message. In that play after the
700:
308:
in 785, Widukind agreed to surrender in return for a guarantee that no bodily harm would be done to him. He and his allies were then baptized, possibly in
695:
453:, to which several Dukes of Saxony belonged, had Matilda's sister among its ancestors and thus also claimed descent from Widukind. The Italian family
671:
388:
Numerous legends developed around
Widukind's life; he eventually appeared as a saintly figure (becoming "Blessed Widukind") and the builder of many
197:. In later times, Widukind became a symbol of Saxon independence and a figure of legend. He is also venerated as a blessed in the Catholic Church.
319:
There are no contemporary sources about
Widukind's life or death after his baptism. Historian Gerd Althoff assumed that he was imprisoned at a
663:
209:
who may have been a close relative. However, it is uncertain how they were related because all sources about him stem from his enemies, the
1108:
488:
came to power in 1933, so many plays and other works were written about
Widukind that there were complaints that he was becoming a cliché.
205:
Very little is known about
Widukind's life. His name literally translates as "child of the forest". In the chronicles he is accompanied by
1113:
644:
776:
989:
964:
939:
899:
454:
316:. Widukind thereby reached a peace agreement and the acknowledgement of the Saxon noble rank by their Frankish overlords.
1118:
1103:
1098:
473:
in the early 20th century. German neo-pagans saw him as an heroic defender of
Germany's traditional beliefs and their
817:
Kampers, Franz. "Widukind." The Catholic Encyclopedia. Vol. 15. New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1912. 5 Jan. 2013
246:. The king retaliated against the local nobility, enforcing the decree to incorporate the Saxon lands as a Frankish
743:
718:
400:
351:
1063:
458:
86:
296:
and his allies were pushed back to their homelands. Charlemagne, leading an expedition towards the mouth of the
531:
274:
48:
425:
Since the 9th century, Widukind had been idolized as a mythical hero. Around 1100, a tomb for him was made in
1123:
1080:
96:
854:
An Weser und Wiehen. Beiträge zur Geschichte und Kultur einer Landschaft. Festschrift für Wilhelm Brepohl.
67:
442:
218:
1046:
593:
381:
273:
and subsequently fought a running battle against the Franks and their local allies while Charlemagne
829:
Der Sachsenherzog Widukind als Mönch auf der Reichenau. Ein Beitrag zur Kritik des Widukind-Mythos.
924:
Glen W. Gadberry, "An 'Ancient German Rediscovered' The Nazi Widukind Plays of Forster and KiĂź",
509:
470:
446:
285:
186:
31:
782:
772:
659:
640:
497:
438:
389:
309:
247:
190:
1070:
489:
481:, especially the occupation of the Rhineland, portraying Charlemagne as a "French" invader.
474:
450:
257:
in 777 when he was the only one of the Saxon nobles not to appear at Charlemagne's court in
869:
324:
223:
57:
857:
836:
408:
926:
Essays on Twentieth-Century German Drama and Theater: An American Reception, 1977-1999
1092:
691:
686:
608:
346:
553:
434:
377:
323:—a fate that happened to other rulers deposed by Charlemagne. He tried to identify
301:
266:
206:
194:
146:
292:
but Charlemagne's winter attacks of 784/785 were nevertheless successful, and the
514:
505:
478:
367:
174:
485:
231:
182:
178:
816:
786:
1013:
613:
603:
588:
578:
393:
371:
320:
313:
305:
270:
258:
1041:
403:. Disguised as a beggar, he was spying on Charlemagne's troop camp during
573:
563:
558:
430:
341:
289:
243:
235:
227:
140:
17:
704:. Vol. 28 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 621.
850:
Die Sachsenmission Karls des Großen und die Anfänge des Bistums Minden.
583:
568:
543:
churches; it was for this reason that he is regarded as a holy person.
281:
262:
170:
121:
63:
1052:
598:
404:
337:
333:
239:
210:
166:
449:, was apparently a great-great-great-granddaughter of Widukind. The
670:
Trans. Bernard S. Bachrach and David S. Bachrach. Washington D.C.:
399:
According to legend, Widukind experienced a vision that led to his
685:
This article incorporates text from a publication now in the
527:
426:
361:
336:
mentions him accompanying Charlemagne on his campaign against the
117:
990:"Blessed Wittikund of Westphalia - Saint of the Day - January 7"
965:"Blessed Wittikund of Westphalia - Saint of the Day - January 7"
940:"Blessed Wittikund of Westphalia - Saint of the Day - January 7"
297:
269:). The next year, the Westphalians again invaded the Frankish
181:
from 777 to 785. Charlemagne ultimately prevailed, organized
896:"Results (summary) of genetical analysis of the skeletons"
226:
in 772, when Charlemagne ordered the destruction of the
392:. He was later assumed to have died in 807 or 808; his
883:
Cochem's Explanation of the Holy Sacrifice of the Mass
800:
798:
796:
769:
Lexikon des Mittelalters. 7, Planudes bis Stadt (Rus')
441:), these kings proudly claimed descent from Widukind:
1014:"Latin Saints of the Orthodox Patriarchate of Rome"
139:
127:
110:
102:
92:
82:
74:
39:
526:Many buildings are named after him in the area of
370:(742–814) receiving the submission of Witikind at
189:of Saxon nobles, and ordered conversions of the
744:"ALL SAINTS: ⛪ Blessed Wittikund of Westphalia"
719:"ALL SAINTS: ⛪ Blessed Wittikund of Westphalia"
350:, he was slain by Charlemagne's brother-in-law
300:, learned that Widukind was in the land of the
8:
30:For the tenth-century Saxon historian, see
1057:
868:Paderborn 1985, S. 12–45, hier: S. 35ff. (
261:. Instead, he stayed with the Danish king
56:
36:
461:) also claimed to descend from the hero.
304:, on the right bank of the river. In the
230:sanctuary. The Saxon Wars continued when
804:
672:The Catholic University of America Press
457:(and its supposed French branch, family
433:dynasty) replaced the Frankish kings in
920:
918:
916:
710:
856:Minden 1983, S. 57–100, hier: S. 81. (
145:House of Odon, possibly progenitor of
7:
253:Widukind was first mentioned by the
242:laid siege to the Frankish court at
288:. Widukind allied himself with the
280:By 782, Widukind had returned from
25:
988:Gachie, Laban Thua (2019-07-24).
963:Gachie, Laban Thua (2019-07-24).
938:Gachie, Laban Thua (2019-07-24).
1040:
860:) AusfĂĽhrlicher Eckhard Freise:
678:
344:. According to the 12th-century
234:tribes devastated the church of
1053:Widukind Museum, Enger, Germany
835:, Bd. 17 (1983), S. 251–279. (
396:is commemorated on January 7.
169:and the chief opponent of the
27:Duke of Saxony from 777 to 785
1:
62:Modern statue of Widukind in
833:FrĂĽhmittelalterliche Studien
771:. Stuttgart: Metzler. 1999.
1109:8th-century dukes in Europe
866:1200 Jahre Widukinds Taufe.
654:Widukind of Corvey (2015).
635:Springer, Matthias (2004).
469:Widukind became a hero for
222:, the Franks campaigned in
1140:
312:, with Charlemagne as his
29:
1077:
1068:
1064:Theoderic, Duke of Saxony
1060:
55:
46:
1114:8th-century Saxon people
630:. Vol. IX. MĂĽnchen.
628:Lexikon des Mittelalters
532:Widukind-Gymnasium Enger
185:as a Frankish province,
994:Catholic Daily Readings
969:Catholic Daily Readings
944:Catholic Daily Readings
701:Encyclopædia Britannica
1018:orthodoxengland.org.uk
385:
165:, was a leader of the
68:North Rhine-Westphalia
465:In German nationalism
365:
219:Royal Frankish Annals
1049:at Wikimedia Commons
862:Widukind in Attigny.
594:Gaius Julius Civilis
1119:Dukes of the Saxons
881:Martin Von Cochem,
656:Deeds of the Saxons
471:German nationalists
332:biography of Saint
187:massacred thousands
134:Stiftskirche, Enger
1104:Westphalia culture
1099:8th-century births
510:massacre of Verden
386:
286:Massacre of Verden
32:Widukind of Corvey
1087:
1086:
1078:Succeeded by
1045:Media related to
665:978-0-8132-2693-4
498:Friedrich Forster
439:Holy Roman Empire
275:was busy in Spain
216:According to the
152:
151:
16:(Redirected from
1131:
1071:Rulers of Saxony
1061:Preceded by
1058:
1044:
1028:
1027:
1025:
1024:
1010:
1004:
1003:
1001:
1000:
985:
979:
978:
976:
975:
960:
954:
953:
951:
950:
935:
929:
922:
911:
910:
908:
907:
898:. Archived from
892:
886:
879:
873:
848:Eckhard Freise:
846:
840:
825:
819:
814:
808:
802:
791:
790:
765:
759:
758:
756:
755:
740:
734:
733:
731:
730:
715:
705:
684:
682:
681:
669:
650:
631:
530:, including the
490:Alfred Rosenberg
451:House of Billung
416:Later perception
157:, also known as
135:
60:
37:
21:
1139:
1138:
1134:
1133:
1132:
1130:
1129:
1128:
1089:
1088:
1083:
1074:
1066:
1037:
1032:
1031:
1022:
1020:
1012:
1011:
1007:
998:
996:
987:
986:
982:
973:
971:
962:
961:
957:
948:
946:
937:
936:
932:
923:
914:
905:
903:
894:
893:
889:
880:
876:
847:
843:
826:
822:
815:
811:
803:
794:
779:
767:
766:
762:
753:
751:
742:
741:
737:
728:
726:
717:
716:
712:
694:, ed. (1911). "
690:
679:
677:
666:
653:
647:
634:
626:
623:
618:
549:
540:
524:
467:
423:
418:
360:
325:Reichenau Abbey
203:
133:
132:
115:
70:
42:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1137:
1135:
1127:
1126:
1124:Saxon warriors
1121:
1116:
1111:
1106:
1101:
1091:
1090:
1085:
1084:
1079:
1076:
1067:
1062:
1056:
1055:
1050:
1036:
1035:External links
1033:
1030:
1029:
1005:
980:
955:
930:
912:
887:
874:
841:
827:Gerd Althoff:
820:
809:
792:
777:
760:
735:
709:
708:
707:
706:
692:Chisholm, Hugh
675:
664:
651:
645:
639:. Kohlhammer.
632:
622:
619:
617:
616:
611:
606:
601:
596:
591:
586:
581:
576:
571:
566:
561:
556:
550:
548:
545:
539:
536:
523:
520:
466:
463:
445:, the wife of
422:
419:
417:
414:
359:
356:
352:Gerold of Baar
302:Nordalbingians
202:
199:
150:
149:
143:
137:
136:
129:
125:
124:
112:
108:
107:
104:
100:
99:
94:
90:
89:
84:
80:
79:
76:
72:
71:
61:
53:
52:
44:
43:
40:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1136:
1125:
1122:
1120:
1117:
1115:
1112:
1110:
1107:
1105:
1102:
1100:
1097:
1096:
1094:
1082:
1073:
1072:
1065:
1059:
1054:
1051:
1048:
1043:
1039:
1038:
1034:
1019:
1015:
1009:
1006:
995:
991:
984:
981:
970:
966:
959:
956:
945:
941:
934:
931:
928:, pp.156-163.
927:
921:
919:
917:
913:
902:on 2016-03-05
901:
897:
891:
888:
884:
878:
875:
871:
867:
863:
859:
855:
851:
845:
842:
838:
834:
830:
824:
821:
818:
813:
810:
806:
805:Chisholm 1911
801:
799:
797:
793:
788:
784:
780:
774:
770:
764:
761:
749:
745:
739:
736:
724:
720:
714:
711:
703:
702:
697:
693:
688:
687:public domain
676:
673:
667:
661:
658:. CUA Press.
657:
652:
648:
646:3-17-016588-7
642:
638:
633:
629:
625:
624:
620:
615:
612:
610:
609:Vercingetorix
607:
605:
602:
600:
597:
595:
592:
590:
587:
585:
582:
580:
577:
575:
572:
570:
567:
565:
562:
560:
557:
555:
552:
551:
546:
544:
537:
535:
533:
529:
521:
519:
517:
516:
515:Untermenschen
511:
507:
503:
499:
495:
491:
487:
482:
480:
476:
472:
464:
462:
460:
456:
452:
448:
444:
440:
436:
432:
428:
420:
415:
413:
410:
406:
402:
397:
395:
391:
383:
380:(1795–1858).
379:
375:
373:
369:
364:
357:
355:
353:
349:
348:
347:Kaiserchronik
343:
339:
335:
331:
330:Vita Liudgeri
326:
322:
317:
315:
311:
307:
303:
299:
295:
291:
287:
283:
278:
276:
272:
268:
264:
260:
256:
251:
249:
245:
241:
237:
233:
229:
225:
221:
220:
214:
212:
208:
200:
198:
196:
192:
188:
184:
180:
176:
172:
168:
164:
160:
156:
148:
144:
142:
138:
130:
126:
123:
119:
113:
109:
105:
101:
98:
95:
91:
88:
85:
81:
77:
73:
69:
65:
59:
54:
51:
50:
45:
38:
33:
19:
1069:
1021:. Retrieved
1017:
1008:
997:. Retrieved
993:
983:
972:. Retrieved
968:
958:
947:. Retrieved
943:
933:
925:
904:. Retrieved
900:the original
890:
882:
877:
865:
861:
853:
849:
844:
832:
828:
823:
812:
768:
763:
752:. Retrieved
750:. 2019-01-07
747:
738:
727:. Retrieved
725:. 2019-01-07
722:
713:
699:
655:
636:
627:
554:Abbi (Saxon)
541:
525:
513:
501:
493:
483:
468:
455:Del Carretto
447:King Henry I
435:East Francia
424:
398:
387:
378:Ary Scheffer
366:
345:
329:
318:
293:
279:
267:Sigurd Hring
254:
252:
217:
215:
204:
195:Christianity
162:
158:
154:
153:
147:Immedingians
141:Noble family
47:
637:Die Sachsen
506:Edmund Kiss
479:World War I
459:de Charette
437:(the later
368:Charlemagne
232:Westphalian
177:during the
175:Charlemagne
83:Predecessor
49:dux Saxonum
1093:Categories
1023:2023-10-11
999:2023-10-11
974:2023-10-11
949:2023-10-11
906:2016-03-08
778:3476017427
754:2023-10-11
748:ALL SAINTS
729:2023-10-11
723:ALL SAINTS
621:References
494:Der Sieger
486:Nazi Party
484:After the
401:conversion
382:Versailles
265:(possibly
193:Saxons to
179:Saxon Wars
114:807 or 808
787:313569328
614:Viriathus
604:Tribigild
589:Fritigern
579:Athanaric
538:Sainthood
502:Wittekind
409:communion
394:feast day
372:Paderborn
321:monastery
314:godfather
306:Bardengau
271:Rhineland
259:Paderborn
163:Wittikund
159:Wittekind
116:possibly
93:Successor
87:Theoderic
18:Wittekind
1047:Widukind
696:Widukind
574:Arminius
564:Alaric I
559:Ambiorix
547:See also
431:Ottonian
421:Medieval
390:churches
342:Dragovit
290:Frisians
244:Fritzlar
240:Angrarii
238:and the
236:Deventer
228:Irminsul
171:Frankish
155:Widukind
41:Widukind
689::
584:Boudica
569:Ardaric
522:Present
443:Matilda
340:leader
310:Attigny
282:Denmark
263:Sigfred
122:Herford
120:, near
64:Herford
1081:Egbert
885:(1896)
870:online
858:online
837:online
785:
775:
683:
662:
643:
599:Totila
405:Easter
374:in 785
358:Legend
338:Veleti
334:Ludger
255:Annals
224:Saxony
211:Franks
183:Saxony
167:Saxons
128:Buried
97:Egbert
1075:–785
528:Enger
427:Enger
376:, by
248:march
191:pagan
173:king
118:Enger
78:?–785
75:Reign
864:In:
852:In:
831:In:
783:OCLC
773:ISBN
660:ISBN
641:ISBN
500:and
475:gods
298:Elbe
207:Abbi
201:Life
161:and
111:Died
103:Born
698:".
504:by
496:by
294:dux
1095::
1016:.
992:.
967:.
942:.
915:^
872:).
795:^
781:.
746:.
721:.
534:.
354:.
277:.
250:.
66:,
1026:.
1002:.
977:.
952:.
909:.
839:)
807:.
789:.
757:.
732:.
674:.
668:.
649:.
384:.
131:?
106:?
34:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
