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stepped appearance. Wolf has very steep slopes reaching 35 degrees in places, making access difficult. The first historical eruption in the
Galapagos was recorded for this volcano in 1797; a further eleven eruptions have been recorded since then, the last being in Early January 2022. Eruptions prior to 1797 have been dated from analysis of surface exposures. The newest lavas are on the eastern and southern sides as well as within the caldera.
374:, was identified on the slopes of Wolf Volcano. The pink land iguana had been discovered by park rangers in 1986 and studied by scientists since 2000, and identified as a separate species in 2009. Scientists are unsure where the species developed, as it is believed to have separated from the other land iguana of Galapagos prior to the formation of Wolf volcano or Isabela Island.
40:
320:
Wolf reaches a height of over 1,700 metres (5,600 ft); the caldera is 6 by 7 km (3.7 by 4.3 mi) and has a depth of 700 m (2,300 ft). Only Cerro Azul has a caldera of similar depth in the
Galapagos. Following the last eruption, there was collapse in the caldera, causing its
351:
which has a saddleback shell and is found on the northern and western slopes of the volcano, away from the more recent lava flows where there is denser vegetation. However, tortoise subspecies from many different
Galapagos islands have been abandoned at Wolf Volcano by ships which at one time
324:
Lava flows from Wolf are unusual for a mid-ocean island and also differ from the two volcanoes next to it, Ecuador and Darwin, and other volcanoes closer to the centre of the plume. The lavas from Wolf are similar to those erupted from the
Galapagos Spreading Center, a mid-ocean ridge over
285:
moves above it; the relative movement of this plate is 0.46 degrees per million years. The volcano itself is estimated to be less than half a million years old; the oceanic plate beneath it is theorized to be around 10 million years old.
358:
is threatened due to population pressures such as predation by feral cats. During a 2008 survey of over 1600 specimens on Wolf
Volcano, all morphologies of tortoise were found, including two that in shape are similar to
407:
On 7 January 2022, Ecuador's
Geophysical Institute announced that shortly before midnight (local time) on Wednesday, 5 January 2022, Wolf volcano sent a cloud of ashen lava 3,793 meters (12,444 feet) into the sky.
337:
As is common in the
Galapagos, Wolf Volcano has unique fauna, differing from not only the other islands in the group but also its neighbouring volcanoes on the same island. It has its own
313:
volcano, the western
Galapagos volcanoes have similar structures that differ from the volcanoes in the eastern part of the archipelago. The western volcanoes are higher and have larger
395:
Inactive for 33 years, the Wolf volcano erupted 25 May 2015. The volcano is not located near a populated area. The lava flowed down the volcano's east and southeast sides, so the
693:, Occasional Papers of the IUCN Species Survival Commission (SSC) No. 5, Switzerland: International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources, pp. 24–28,
382:
The natural habitat is under threat from the introduction of goats. The
Galapagos National Park has instituted Project Isabela to eradicate feral goats from around Wolf.
144:
1315:
1076:
998:
498:
Gripp, Alice E.; Gordon, Richard G. (July 1990). "Current plate velocities relative to the hotspots incorporating the NUVEL-1 global plate motion model".
442:
537:
Geist, Dennis J.; Naumann, Terry R.; Standish, Jared J.; Kurz, Mark D.; Harpp, Karen S.; White, William M.; Fornari, Daniel J. (June 13, 2005).
101:
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1335:
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Gentile, Gabriele; Fabiania, Anna; Marquez, Cruz; Snell, Howard L.; Snell, Heidi M.; Tapia, Washington; Sbordonia, Valerio (2009).
1269:
1181:
698:
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781:
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200 km (120 mi) away, which may be due to interaction between the plume, which is centred on
Fernandina, and the
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94:
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Benjamin Bernard, etal.: Chronology and phenomenology of the 1982 and 2015 Wolf volcano eruptions, Galápagos
641:
450:
262:
193:
72:
720:
682:
Swingland, Ian R.; Klemens, Michael W.; The Durrell Institute of Conservation and Ecology, eds. (1989),
1012:
539:"Wolf Volcano, Galápagos Archipelago: Melting and Magmatic Evolution at the Margins of a Mantle Plume"
1152:
1085:
550:
507:
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232:
181:
87:
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In a process similar to the formation of the Hawaiian islands, the Galapagos (along with associated
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727:. International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources. 1996. Archived from
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220:
1226:
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1187:
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1134:
1128:
1039:
579:
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Wolf is situated at the northern end of Isabela Island in the Galapagos, and sits on the
906:
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830:
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721:"Tortoise & Freshwater Turtle Specialist Group. Chelonoidis nigra spp. becki"
1264:
1199:
282:
251:
835:
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
631:
563:
538:
338:
17:
293:, one of six coalescing volcanoes that make up this island (the others being
116:
103:
847:
841:(2). National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America: 507–511.
519:
250:, a German geologist who studied the Galápagos Islands in the 19th century.
48:
866:
39:
752:"Study of Galápagos tortoises' DNA may locate mate for 'Lonesome George'"
474:"Ecuador: 15 Mountain Summits with Prominence of 1,500 meters or greater"
317:
than those to the east, they are also shaped like an upturned soup bowl.
314:
290:
968:
62:
1054:
934:"Volcano Erupts in Galapagos Islands, Home to Unique Pink Iguanas"
254:
in the north of the Galápagos is also named after the geologist.
1058:
725:
IUCN 2012. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2
364:
728:
586:. EOS Project Science Office, NASA Godard Space Flight Center
831:"An overlooked pink species of land iguana in the Galápagos"
367:
studies of these specimens are currently being undertaken.
961:"Ministerio del Ambiente evalúa erupción del volcán Wolf"
399:
inhabiting the north and west sides were not endangered.
612:. Cornell University Department of Geological Sciences
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93:
81:
71:
61:
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32:
1013:"Volcano erupts on Galapagos Islands | 07.01.2022"
932:
885:Galapagos Conservancy: Conservation: Project Areas
239:and reaches 1,710 m (5,610 ft). It is a
931:Ulmer, Alexandra; Murphy, Peter (May 25, 2015).
243:with a characteristic upturned soup bowl shape.
782:"Scientific Expedition to Wolf Volcano Returns"
532:
530:
472:de Ferranti, Jonathan; Maizlish, Aaron (2005).
989:Allen, Jesse; Carlowicz, Mike (Jun 30, 2015).
578:Scott, Michon; Allen, J. (February 13, 2009).
1070:
991:"Eruption of Wolf Volcano, Galapagos Islands"
8:
1052:Archipelago. Journal of Volcanology.(2019)
370:In 2009, a new species of land iguana, the
1077:
1063:
1055:
549:(11). Oxford University Press: 2197–2224.
29:
907:"Wolf volcano erupts on Galapagos island"
856:
846:
562:
352:collected the tortoise as a food source.
27:Highest mountain in the Galápagos Islands
881:"Ecosystem Restoration: Project Isabela"
684:"The Conservation Biology of Tortoises"
434:
265:of over 1,500 m (4,900 ft)).
750:Emanuel, Janet Rettig (May 11, 2007).
281:. This plume stays in place while the
691:The Conservation Biology of Tortoises
7:
663:. Rochester Institute of Technology
151:
1316:Volcanoes of the Galápagos Islands
805:"Pink iguana rewrites family tree"
803:Black, Richard (January 5, 2009).
788:. 17 December 2008. Archived from
418:Volcanoes of the Galápagos Islands
257:Wolf Volcano's height makes it an
25:
1001:from the original on Jul 2, 2015.
580:"Wolf Volcano, Galapagos Islands"
524:(deg/m.y. figure is on page 1110)
150:
143:
38:
967:. May 25, 2015. Archived from
277:) appear to be created from a
1:
231:, is the highest peak in the
1331:Polygenetic shield volcanoes
756:Yale Bulletin & Calendar
610:Galapagos Geology on the Web
500:Geophysical Research Letters
423:List of volcanoes in Ecuador
246:The volcano was named after
77:1,710 m (5,610 ft)
67:1,710 m (5,610 ft)
1326:Shield volcanoes of Ecuador
1352:
1336:Volcanic eruptions in 2022
965:Parque Nacional Galápagos
584:Earth Observatory: Images
224:
137:
37:
637:Global Volcanism Program
564:10.1093/petrology/egi052
887:. Galapagos Conservancy
848:10.1073/pnas.0806339106
642:Smithsonian Institution
520:10.1029/GL017i008p01109
348:Chelonoidis nigra becki
263:topographic prominence
786:Galapagos Conservancy
762:(28). Yale University
1176:San Cristóbal Island
1153:North Seymour Island
543:Journal of Petrology
259:ultra prominent peak
235:. It is situated on
117:0.00000°N 91.33333°W
940:Scientific American
655:Rothman, Robert H.
555:2005JPet...46.2197G
512:1990GeoRL..17.1109G
113: /
1237:South Plaza Island
453:on 21 January 2016
447:Chinci World Atlas
343:Galapagos tortoise
309:). Along with the
122:0.00000; -91.33333
57:Highest point
1303:
1302:
1182:Santa Cruz Island
1123:Fernandina Island
1086:Galápagos Islands
1044:Earth Observatory
792:on June 28, 2010.
311:Fernandina Island
233:Galápagos Islands
227:), also known as
214:
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182:Galápagos Islands
164:Galápagos Islands
16:(Redirected from
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1321:Active volcanoes
1106:Bartolomé Island
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731:on June 27, 2014
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449:. Archived from
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1188:Santa Fe Island
1184:(Indefatigable)
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1135:Genovesa Island
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1117:Española Island
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971:on 2015-05-27
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913:. 26 May 2015
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443:"Volcán Wolf"
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47:, 2001, NASA
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1294:
1290:Sierra Negra
1285:Roca Redonda
1275:Daphne Major
1232:Roca Redonda
1217:Daphne Major
1190:(Barrington)
1164:Pinta Island
1125:(Narborough)
1102:(S. Seymour)
1093:Main islands
1051:
1040:Wolf Volcano
1020:. Retrieved
1016:
1007:
994:
984:
973:. Retrieved
969:the original
964:
955:
944:. Retrieved
938:
926:
915:. Retrieved
910:
901:
889:. Retrieved
884:
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838:
834:
824:
812:. Retrieved
808:
798:
790:the original
785:
776:
764:. Retrieved
759:
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733:. Retrieved
729:the original
724:
715:
704:, retrieved
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614:. Retrieved
609:
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588:. Retrieved
583:
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481:. Retrieved
478:peaklist.org
477:
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455:. Retrieved
451:the original
446:
437:
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389:
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369:
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327:upper mantle
323:
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303:Sierra Negra
288:
279:mantle plume
272:
256:
248:Theodor Wolf
245:
229:Mount Whiton
228:
217:Wolf Volcano
216:
215:
45:Wolf Volcano
44:
1295:Volcán Wolf
1265:Cerro Pajas
1200:Wolf Island
1143:(Albemarle)
1113:(Culpepper)
355:C. n. becki
283:Nazca Plate
252:Wolf Island
225:Volcán Wolf
158:Volcán Wolf
120: /
95:Coordinates
33:Volcán Wolf
1310:Categories
1260:Cerro Azul
1166:(Abingdon)
1022:2022-01-07
975:2015-05-27
946:2015-05-27
917:2015-05-27
700:2880329868
429:References
339:subspecies
307:Cerro Azul
297:, Darwin,
108:91°20′00″W
73:Prominence
1270:La Cumbre
1247:Volcanoes
1178:(Chatham)
1149:(Bindloe)
1131:(Charles)
457:9 January
386:Eruptions
133:Geography
63:Elevation
49:Landsat 7
1202:(Wenman)
1172:(Jervis)
1160:(Duncan)
1042:at NASA
999:Archived
911:BBC News
891:June 16,
867:19124773
814:June 18,
809:BBC News
766:June 18,
735:June 17,
706:June 17,
667:June 18,
661:Reptiles
616:June 18,
590:June 18,
483:June 17,
412:See also
333:Wildlife
315:calderas
174:Location
105:0°0′00″N
1196:(James)
1137:(Tower)
858:2626733
551:Bibcode
508:Bibcode
378:Ecology
295:Ecuador
291:equator
275:hotspot
269:Geology
221:Spanish
188:Geology
83:Listing
1119:(Hood)
1017:DW.COM
865:
855:
697:
632:"Wolf"
305:, and
299:Alcedo
687:(PDF)
88:Ultra
51:image
995:NASA
893:2013
863:PMID
816:2013
768:2013
737:2013
708:2013
695:ISBN
669:2013
618:2013
592:2013
485:2013
459:2016
853:PMC
843:doi
839:106
559:doi
516:doi
365:DNA
341:of
1312::
1015:.
997:.
993:.
963:.
937:.
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