711:(website): "In June 1943 the orchestra began their primary assignment of playing at the camp gate for the arrival and departure of the female work commandos. The musicians had to arrive at their positions at the entrance of camp early, in order to set up, and stayed late. They were also not freed from normal work assignments, nor were they released from musical duty in rain or bad weather. As they had a very small number of pieces which they were equipped to play, they would simply repeat them over and over as the rows of women prisoners marched by, sometimes playing for several hours. They also played for sick prisoners in the infirmary, and were sometimes assigned to play when new transports arrived, or during selections."
36:
310:
293:
2850:
280:, the women's camp commandant. The Germans wanted a propaganda tool for visitors and camp newsreels and a tool to boost camp morale. Led at first by a Polish music teacher, Zofia Czajkowska, the orchestra remained small until Jews were admitted in May 1943. Its members came from many countries, including Austria, Belgium, Czechoslovakia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Poland, the Netherlands and
2839:
2870:
2860:
231:. Active for 19 monthsâfrom April 1943 until October 1944âthe orchestra consisted of mostly young female Jewish and Slavic prisoners, of varying nationalities, who would rehearse for up to ten hours a day to play music regarded as helpful in the daily running of the camp. They also held a concert every Sunday for the SS.
325:
According to professor of music Susan
Eischeid, the orchestra had 20 members by June 1943; by 1944 it had 42â47 players and 3â4 musical copyists. Its primary role was to play (often for hours on end in all weather conditions) at the gate of the women's camp when the work gangs left and returned. They
329:
In the early months, the ensemble consisted mainly of amateur musicians, with a string section, accordions and a mandolin; it lacked a bass section. The orchestra acquired its limited instruments and sheet music from the men's orchestra of the main
Auschwitz camp. The repertoire of the orchestra was
436:
assumed an important place in
Holocaust scholarship. This was a source of frustration to other survivors of the orchestra, who disagreed with Fénelon's representation of the orchestra, particularly her portrayal of Alma Rosé and several other musicians, and the diminishment by Fénelon of their bond
387:(an inmate with special privileges). The third conductor was Sonia Winogradowa, a Ukrainian pianist. For several reasons, including reduced rehearsal time and Winogradowa's lack of experience, the orchestra's performance declined. It stopped performing in October 1944.
330:
fairly limited, in terms of the available sheet music, the knowledge of the conductor and the wishes of the SS. It played mostly German marching songs, as well as the Polish folk and military songs that
Czajkowska knew. It included two professional musicians, cellist
399:
in
Germany, where there was neither orchestra nor special privileges. Three members, Charlotte "Lola" Croner, Julie Stroumsa and Else, were murdered there. On 18 January 1945, non-Jewish women in the orchestra, including several Poles, were evacuated to
1629:
1938:. Edited by Arie Olewski and his sister Jochevet Ritz-Olewski. Based on her Hebrew testimony, recorded by Yad-Vashem on 21 May 1984. Published at the Open University of Israel 2009.
2544:
1821:
Wir leben trotzdem. Esther
Bejarano--vom MĂ€dchenorchester in Auschwitz zur KĂŒnstlerin fĂŒr den Frieden. Herausgegeben vom Auschwitz-Komitee in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland
2584:
2579:
875:
1317:
381:
By
January 1944, the orchestra had 47 members, including five singers. Rosé died suddenly on 5 April 1944, possibly from food poisoning, after having dinner with a
86:
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2002:
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2715:
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Carla und Sylvia
Wagenberg: zwei Dessauer jĂŒdische MĂ€dchen im "MĂ€dchenorchester" des Vernichtungslagers Auschwitz-Birkenau; eine Dokumentation
2914:
1974:
1957:
1943:
1908:
766:
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2035:
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1917:. Translated from German by James Stewart Brice. Edited by Erhard Roy Wiehn. Hartung-Gorre Verlag. Konstanz (mentions Julie Stroumsa)
1588:
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396:
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2449:
338:, each of whom wrote memoirs of their time in the orchestra. Wallfisch, for example, recollected being told to play Schumann's
1936:
Crying is
Forbidden Here! A Jewish Girl in pre-WWII Poland, The Women's Orchestra in Auschwitz and Liberation in Bergen-Belsen
2944:
2939:
2929:
2260:
2111:
2101:
1995:
374:, Rosé had been the conductor of the Wiener WalzermÀdeln, a small orchestra in Vienna, and had arrived in Auschwitz from the
2934:
2529:
2351:
2040:
404:. FĂ©nelon was interviewed by the BBC on 15 April 1945, the day of Bergen-Belsen's liberation by British troops, and sang "
367:
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35:
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Het meisje met de accordion: de overleving van Flora
Schrijver in Auschwitz-Birkenau en Bergen-Belsen
1899:. Publié par les éditions Oskarson (Oskar jeunesse) Paris 2007. Previously published with the title
1440:
395:
On 1 November 1944, the Jewish members of the women's orchestra were evacuated by cattle car to the
182:
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2344:
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783:
505:
315:
162:
619:
615:
445:(2000), by Rosé family friend Richard Newman and Karen Kirtley, presents a different picture.
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1953:
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887:
855:
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292:
1840:. Herausgegeben vom Auschwitz-Komitee in der Bundesrepublik e.V. Curio-Verlag Hamburg 1989.
2818:
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2011:
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405:
1805:. TĂ©moignage recueilli par Marcelle Routier. Co-Ă©dition Stock/Opera Mundi. Paris 1976.
2843:
2639:
363:
2888:
1765:
1630:"Violette Jacquet-Silberstein (1925â2014), sept dĂ©cennies de bonheur aprĂšs Auschwitz"
848:
371:
343:
251:
1443:. Holocaust Survivors and Victims Database, United States Holocaust Memorial Museum.
2644:
2255:
1746:
602:
281:
177:
2524:
593:
472:
359:
339:
141:
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437:
and support for one another. Fénelon presents Rosé as a cruel disciplinarian and
2387:
2191:
1883:
Das Frauenorchester in Auschwitz. Musikalische Zwangsarbeit und ihre BewÀltigung
786:
Das Frauenorchester in Auschwitz: Musikalische Zwangsarbeit und ihre BewÀltigung
734:
Das Frauenorchester in Auschwitz: Musikalische Zwangsarbeit und ihre BewÀltigung
266:
1962:
455:
Listed alphabetically by birth name or by first name where no surname is known.
358:, a Polish music teacher, was active from April 1943 until she was replaced by
2624:
2493:
1683:
829:
759:
The Truth about Fania FĂ©nelon and the Women's Orchestra of Auschwitz-Birkenau
101:
88:
2443:
2265:
2062:
220:
67:
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803:
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2416:
2409:
2245:
2067:
1838:
Man nannte mich KrĂŒmel. Eine jĂŒdische Jugend in den Zeiten der Verfolgung
1790:. Translated from the French by Judith Landry. Atheneum New York 1977.
2699:
2609:
2475:
2250:
479:
1717:
534:
One of the Girls in the Band: The Memoirs of a Violinist from Birkenau
2599:
2380:
2331:
2324:
2317:
2288:
2275:
2270:
469:, Polish music teacher, first conductor, conducted until August 1943.
362:, an Austrian-Jewish violinist, in August that year. The daughter of
1980:
215:; lit. "Girls' Orchestra of Auschwitz") was formed by order of the
666:
Ioulia "Julie" Stroumsa, Jewish, Greek (murdered in Bergen-Belsen)
1897:
Les sanglots longs des violons... Avoir dix-huit ans Ă Auschwitz
1984:
1345:"Memories of a Nazi Camp, Where a Musical Gift Meant Survival"
1132:"Memories of a Nazi Camp, Where a Musical Gift Meant Survival"
660:
Madam Steiner, mother of Eva, Transylvania , Jewish, violinist
1915:
Violinist in Auschwitz. From Salonica to Jerusalem 1913-1967
1755:. Television film based on Arthur Miller's stage adaptation.
441:
who admired the Nazis and courted their favor. A biography,
1288:
1286:
1284:
1271:
1269:
216:
993:
991:
919:
917:
915:
502:
Stefania Baruch, music teacher, played guitar and mandolin
1869:
Inherit the Truth. A Memoir of Survival and the Holocaust
1558:
1556:
1543:
1541:
326:
might also play during "selection" and in the infirmary.
1174:
1172:
1057:
1055:
1016:
1014:
1012:
1010:
1008:
1006:
959:
957:
475:, violin, Austrian, second conductor, died 5 April 1944.
1399:
1397:
1384:
1382:
1380:
1114:
1112:
1110:
944:
942:
1480:
1478:
1476:
1474:
1074:
1072:
1070:
1031:
1029:
688:
Rachela Zelmanowicz-Olewski, mandolin, Jewish, Poland
599:
Elsa Miller (later Felstein), violin, Belgian, Jewish
1623:
1621:
493:
Margot Anzenbacher (later VÄtrovcovĂĄ), guitar, Czech
2811:
2791:
2748:
2708:
2507:
2435:
2372:
2304:
2233:
2184:
2147:
2083:
2018:
1950:
Dans l'orchestre d'Auschwitz - Le secret de ma mĂšre
1760:
Esther Bejarano and the girl orchestra of Auschwitz
155:
129:
121:
80:
56:
48:
1967:Survivre et mourir en musique dans les camps nazis
847:
420:The best known publication about the orchestra is
1895:Violette Jacquet-Silberstein and Yves Pinguilly,
238:, published her experiences as an autobiography,
1731:. Radio Bremen. 10 December 2004. Archived from
1729:"The Wooden Shoes. Hörspiel mit Esther Béjarano"
16:Female orchestra at Auschwitz concentration camp
1669:
1667:
542:, piano and voice, French, Nr. 74862 author of
1608:"Concentratiekamp overleefd dankzij accordeon"
1589:"Het accordeonmeisje dat Auschwitz overleefde"
1089:
1087:
846:FĂ©nelon, Fania, with Marcelle Routier (1997).
1996:
1724:(names of band members and some information).
841:
839:
815:
813:
567:Regina Kupferberg (later Rivka Bacia), Jewish
8:
874:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
761:. London: Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 5â6.
676:, Jewish, German, sister of Sylvia Wagenberg
19:
482:, piano, voice, Ukrainian, third conductor.
2788:
2745:
2705:
2432:
2369:
2230:
2144:
2080:
2003:
1989:
1981:
882:Fenelon, Fania; Routier, Marcelle (1977).
262:The orchestra was formed in April 1943 by
18:
1901:Les sanglots longs des violons de la mort
1343:Anderson, Susan Heller (7 January 1978).
1320:. Auschwitz-Birkenau Memorial and Museum.
1130:Anderson, Susan Heller (7 January 1978).
645:) violin, violin, Jewish, born in Romania
1823:e.V. Pahl-Rugenstein Verlag Bonn, 2007.
1646:
1562:
1547:
1532:
1520:
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1427:
1330:
1304:
1248:
1224:
1178:
1163:
1147:
1061:
997:
963:
948:
906:
532:), violin, Polish, Nr. 64118, author of
1628:Herzberg, Nathaniel (14 October 2016).
854:. New York: Syracuse University Press.
724:
701:
1854:. Amadeus Press Portland Oregon 2000.
1020:
867:
632:Helga Schiessel, piano, Jewish, German
558:Danuta Kollakowa, drums, piano, Polish
2900:Musical groups disestablished in 1945
2731:Jewish League for Woman Suffrage (UK)
1969:. Ăditions Berg International 2011.
1924:. Uitgeverij Scheffers Utrecht 1994.
1871:. St. Martin's Press New York 2000.
1696:
1658:
1574:
1508:
1496:
1484:
1453:
1415:
1403:
1388:
1292:
1275:
1260:
1236:
1190:
1159:
1118:
1078:
242:(1976), which appeared in English as
7:
2859:
1801:Fania FĂ©nelon and Marcelle Routier.
586:Lotta LebedovĂĄ, Jewish from Bohemia.
564:Marie Kroner (murdered in Auschwitz)
428:(1977), first published in Paris as
246:(1977). The book was the basis of a
2869:
1952:. Auzas Ăditions Imago Paris 2010.
499:Yvette Assael (later Lennon), Greek
443:Alma Rosé: From Vienna to Auschwitz
318:, pianist, accordion player, singer
2895:Musical groups established in 1943
1885:. von Bockel Verlag Hamburg 1996.
1850:Richard Newman and Karen Kirtley,
1373:from the original on 19 June 2019.
782:Porter, Cecelia H. (Winter 1999).
432:(1976). The memoir and subsequent
14:
2910:1945 disestablishments in Germany
2799:Orthodox Jewish schools for women
1718:"The Girls in the Auschwitz Band"
1587:de Waard, Peter (24 April 2013).
1214:from the original on 11 May 2019.
1036:Lebrecht, Norman (5 April 2000).
976:Moss, Stephen (13 January 2005).
935:from the original on 11 May 2019.
657:), Transylvania , Jewish, singer
561:Fanny Kornblum (later Birkenwald)
2868:
2858:
2849:
2848:
2837:
2726:League of Jewish Women (Germany)
1606:Funnekotter, Bart (4 May 2012).
1038:"The true humanity of Alma Rosé"
685:Jadwiga Zatorska, violin, Polish
679:Sylvia Wagenberg, Jewish, German
397:Bergen-Belsen concentration camp
308:
291:
248:television film of the same name
34:
549:Henryka GaĆÄ
zka, violin, Polish
2905:1943 establishments in Germany
2736:Women's Orchestra of Auschwitz
2122:World Congress of Jewish Women
2112:1907 New York City Rent Strike
2102:1904 New York City Rent Strike
1852:Alma Rosé. Vienna to Auschwitz
1678:. Dessau-RoĂlau: Funk-Verlag.
880:First published in English as
792:Holocaust and Genocide Studies
641:Violette Jacquet Silberstein (
635:Ruth Schiessel, Jewish, German
402:RavensbrĂŒck concentration camp
213:MĂ€dchenorchester von Auschwitz
209:Women's Orchestra of Auschwitz
27:MĂ€dchenorchester von Auschwitz
1:
1934:Rachela Zelmanowicz Olewski.
1093:Lagerwey, Mary Deane (1998).
512:), pianist, singer, accordion
368:Vienna Philharmonic Orchestra
2915:Auschwitz concentration camp
25:
1722:thegirlsintheauschwitz.band
1263:, pp. 67, 89, 90, 100.
886:. New York: Berkley Books.
496:Lilly Assael, Jewish, Greek
234:A member of the orchestra,
20:Auschwitz Women's Orchestra
2961:
2832:
2450:Rabbis and Torah scholars
2073:Gender and Jewish studies
2058:Matrilineality in Judaism
1758:Christel Priemer (1992).
1674:Grossert, Werner (2005).
1097:. Altamira Press, p. 28.
201:
125:April 1943 â October 1944
117:
33:
24:
2690:Women's Rabbinic Network
2097:1902 Kosher Meat Boycott
1162:, pp. 68, 89, 100;
978:"Anita Lasker Wallfisch"
757:Eischeid, Susan (2016).
732:Knapp, Gabriele (1996).
612:Maria MoĆ-Wdowik, Polish
573:Maria Langenfeld, Polish
2660:Women of Reform Judaism
2555:Haifa Women's Coalition
2091:Jewish Women's Congress
1948:Jean-Jacques Felstein.
1803:Sursis pour l'orchestre
1499:, pp. 68, 89, 104.
1468:, pp. 19, 94, 118.
1367:Music and the Holocaust
1208:Music and the Holocaust
929:Music and the Holocaust
822:Sursis pour l'orchestre
820:Fenelon, Fania (1976).
736:. Hamburg: Von Bockel.
709:Music and the Holocaust
544:Sursis pour l'orchestre
430:Sursis pour l'orchestre
334:, and vocalist/pianist
240:Sursis pour l'orchestre
2824:Tomb of the Matriarchs
2605:League of Jewish Women
2560:Israel Women's Network
2305:Practices and concepts
2117:1909 Shirtwaist Strike
1865:Anita Lasker-Wallfisch
1786:and Marcelle Routier.
669:Szura, guitar, Ukraine
649:Helen Spitzer Tichauer
638:Flora Schrijver-Jacobs
616:HĂ©lĂšne Rounder-Diatkin
577:Anita Lasker-Wallfisch
570:Irena Ćagowska, Polish
526:Helena Dunicz-NiwiĆska
522:Henryka Czapla, Polish
376:Drancy internment camp
332:Anita Lasker-Wallfisch
299:Anita Lasker-Wallfisch
229:German-occupied Poland
227:extermination camp in
193:Helen Spitzer Tichauer
188:Anita Lasker-Wallfisch
168:Helena Dunicz-NiwiĆska
72:German-occupied Poland
2945:Women in World War II
2940:Jewish musical groups
2650:Union of Jewish Women
2575:Women Artists' Circle
2128:Women's Torah Project
798:(3): (467â469), 467.
663:Ewa Stojowska, Polish
506:Esther Lowey BĂ©jarano
391:Move to Bergen-Belsen
354:The first conductor,
225:Auschwitz II-Birkenau
102:50.03583°N 19.17833°E
64:Auschwitz II-Birkenau
41:Auschwitz II-Birkenau
2935:Disbanded orchestras
2716:Clara de Hirsch Home
2134:Women's Siyum HaShas
1819:and Birgit GĂ€rtner.
804:10.1093/hgs/13.3.467
269:, supervisor of the
250:in 1980, written by
219:in 1943, during the
2778:The American Jewess
2036:Early modern period
1661:, pp. 75, 168.
1577:, pp. 75, 150.
1456:, pp. 75, 167.
1418:, pp. 69, 100.
1295:, pp. 68, 150.
1278:, pp. 68, 104.
1042:The Daily Telegraph
478:Sonia Winogradowa,
275:SS-Hauptsturmfuhrer
98: /
21:
2930:Women's orchestras
2844:Judaism portal
2709:Historic / defunct
2423:Court of the Women
2053:Gender and Judaism
1920:Mirjam Verheijen.
1913:Jacques Stroumsa.
1349:The New York Times
1136:The New York Times
925:"Zofia Czajkowska"
273:in Auschwitz, and
107:50.03583; 19.17833
43:extermination camp
2920:Polish orchestras
2882:
2881:
2807:
2806:
2787:
2786:
2764:Hadassah Magazine
2744:
2743:
2595:Kohenet Institute
2503:
2502:
2431:
2430:
2312:Gender separation
2300:
2299:
2251:Marriage contract
2185:Life cycle events
2180:
2179:
2143:
2142:
2107:1906 Tonsil Riots
1975:978-2-917191-39-2
1958:978-2-84952-094-9
1944:978-965-91217-2-4
1909:978-2-35000-162-3
1770:Bach in Auschwitz
1735:on 27 March 2005.
1649:, pp. 18â19.
1095:Reading Auschwitz
768:978-3-319-31037-4
672:Carla Wagenberg,
410:God Save the King
264:SS-Oberaufseherin
205:
204:
147:Sonia Winogradowa
2952:
2925:Youth orchestras
2872:
2871:
2862:
2861:
2852:
2851:
2842:
2841:
2840:
2789:
2746:
2706:
2433:
2373:Prayer and study
2370:
2276:Ritual immersion
2231:
2145:
2081:
2041:In the Holocaust
2026:Women in Judaism
2012:Women in Judaism
2005:
1998:
1991:
1982:
1881:Gabriele Knapp,
1788:Playing for Time
1752:Playing for Time
1736:
1700:
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1444:
1441:"Fanny Kornblum"
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1050:
1049:
1044:. Archived from
1033:
1024:
1018:
1001:
995:
986:
985:
973:
967:
961:
952:
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937:
936:
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897:
884:Playing for Time
879:
873:
865:
853:
850:Playing for Time
843:
834:
833:
824:. Paris: Stock.
817:
808:
807:
779:
773:
772:
754:
748:
747:
729:
712:
706:
682:Irena Walaszczyk
583:), cello, Jewish
515:Zofia Cykowiak (
467:Zofia Czajkowska
426:Playing for Time
366:, leader of the
356:Zofia Czajkowska
312:
295:
244:Playing for Time
137:Zofia Czajkowska
113:
112:
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52:Prison orchestra
38:
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2836:
2828:
2803:
2783:
2740:
2721:Di Vilde Chayes
2704:
2655:Cantors Network
2535:Chochmat Nashim
2499:
2470:Toanot Rabniyot
2463:Yoetzet halacha
2436:Religious roles
2427:
2402:Tefillin Barbie
2368:
2296:
2256:Marital harmony
2229:
2176:
2155:Jewish feminism
2139:
2079:
2014:
2009:
1979:
1834:Esther Bejarano
1817:Esther Bejarano
1727:
1709:
1707:Further reading
1704:
1703:
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1691:
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1426:
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1395:
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1378:
1363:"Fania FĂ©nelon"
1361:
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1337:
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1325:
1316:
1315:
1311:
1303:
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1060:
1053:
1048:on 12 May 2016.
1035:
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989:
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905:
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811:
788:Gabriele Knapp"
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744:
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730:
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715:
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703:
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625:HĂ©lĂšne Scheps (
589:Kazimiera MaĆys
581:Marta Goldstein
552:Marta Goldstein
489:
463:
451:
449:List of members
439:self-hating Jew
418:
406:La Marseillaise
393:
370:, and niece of
352:
323:
322:
321:
320:
319:
316:Esther BĂ©jarano
313:
304:
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296:
260:
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163:Esther BĂ©jarano
156:Notable players
151:
106:
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100:
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44:
29:
17:
12:
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5:
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2697:
2695:Women's Spirit
2692:
2687:
2682:
2677:
2672:
2667:
2662:
2657:
2652:
2647:
2642:
2640:Philomath Club
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2060:
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2022:
2020:
2019:General topics
2016:
2015:
2010:
2008:
2007:
2000:
1993:
1985:
1978:
1977:
1960:
1946:
1932:
1918:
1911:
1893:
1879:
1862:
1848:
1831:
1814:
1799:
1780:
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1773:
1763:
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1738:
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1725:
1712:External links
1708:
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1702:
1701:
1689:
1663:
1651:
1639:
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1598:
1579:
1567:
1552:
1537:
1535:, p. 101.
1525:
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1511:, p. 104.
1501:
1489:
1470:
1458:
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1432:
1430:, p. 137.
1420:
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1406:, p. 100.
1393:
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1376:
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1309:
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1251:, p. 120.
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1121:, p. 150.
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2819:Rachel's Tomb
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2620:N'shei Chabad
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2508:Organizations
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2362:Homosexuality
2360:
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2352:Birth control
2350:
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2291:
2290:
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2277:
2274:
2273:
2272:
2271:Ritual purity
2269:
2267:
2264:
2262:
2261:Head covering
2259:
2257:
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2024:
2023:
2021:
2017:
2013:
2006:
2001:
1999:
1994:
1992:
1987:
1986:
1983:
1976:
1972:
1968:
1964:
1961:
1959:
1955:
1951:
1947:
1945:
1941:
1937:
1933:
1931:
1930:90-5546-011-7
1927:
1923:
1919:
1916:
1912:
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1906:
1902:
1898:
1894:
1892:
1891:3-928770-71-3
1888:
1884:
1880:
1878:
1877:0-312-20897-9
1874:
1870:
1866:
1863:
1861:
1860:1-57467-051-4
1857:
1853:
1849:
1847:
1846:3-926534-82-6
1843:
1839:
1835:
1832:
1830:
1829:3-89144-353-6
1826:
1822:
1818:
1815:
1812:
1811:0-689-10796-X
1808:
1804:
1800:
1797:
1796:0-689-10796-X
1793:
1789:
1785:
1784:Fania FĂ©nelon
1782:
1781:
1779:
1778:
1771:
1767:
1766:Michel Daeron
1764:
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1742:
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1726:
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1706:
1699:, p. 89.
1698:
1693:
1690:
1685:
1681:
1677:
1670:
1668:
1664:
1660:
1655:
1652:
1648:
1647:Eischeid 2016
1643:
1640:
1635:
1631:
1624:
1622:
1618:
1613:
1609:
1602:
1599:
1594:
1593:de Volkskrant
1590:
1583:
1580:
1576:
1571:
1568:
1565:, p. 19.
1564:
1563:Eischeid 2016
1559:
1557:
1553:
1550:, p. 58.
1549:
1548:Eischeid 2016
1544:
1542:
1538:
1534:
1533:Eischeid 2016
1529:
1526:
1523:, p. 35.
1522:
1521:Eischeid 2016
1517:
1514:
1510:
1505:
1502:
1498:
1493:
1490:
1487:, p. 68.
1486:
1481:
1479:
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1475:
1471:
1467:
1466:Eischeid 2016
1462:
1459:
1455:
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1433:
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1428:Eischeid 2016
1424:
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1355:
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1339:
1336:
1332:
1331:Eischeid 2016
1327:
1324:
1319:
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1310:
1306:
1305:Eischeid 2016
1301:
1298:
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1287:
1285:
1281:
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1272:
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1266:
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1249:Eischeid 2016
1245:
1242:
1239:, p. 69.
1238:
1233:
1230:
1227:, p. 93.
1226:
1225:Eischeid 2016
1221:
1218:
1213:
1209:
1205:
1199:
1196:
1193:, p. 71.
1192:
1187:
1184:
1180:
1179:Eischeid 2016
1175:
1173:
1169:
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1164:Eischeid 2016
1161:
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1149:
1148:Eischeid 2016
1144:
1141:
1137:
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1127:
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1120:
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1113:
1111:
1107:
1104:
1103:0-7619-9187-5
1100:
1096:
1090:
1088:
1084:
1081:, p. 75.
1080:
1075:
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1071:
1067:
1063:
1062:Eischeid 2016
1058:
1056:
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1047:
1043:
1039:
1032:
1030:
1026:
1022:
1017:
1015:
1013:
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1009:
1007:
1003:
999:
998:Eischeid 2016
994:
992:
988:
983:
979:
972:
969:
966:, p. ix.
965:
964:Eischeid 2016
960:
958:
954:
950:
949:Eischeid 2016
945:
943:
939:
934:
930:
926:
920:
918:
916:
912:
908:
907:Eischeid 2016
903:
900:
895:
893:9780425067567
889:
885:
877:
871:
863:
861:0-8156-0494-7
857:
852:
851:
842:
840:
836:
831:
827:
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805:
801:
797:
793:
789:
787:
778:
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764:
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745:
743:9783928770712
739:
735:
728:
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695:
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653:Eva Steiner (
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548:
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541:
540:Fania FĂ©nelon
538:
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448:
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435:
434:TV adaptation
431:
427:
423:
422:Fania FĂ©nelon
415:
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398:
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372:Gustav Mahler
369:
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344:Josef Mengele
341:
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336:Fania FĂ©nelon
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279:
278:Franz Hössler
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252:Arthur Miller
249:
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236:Fania FĂ©nelon
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173:Fania FĂ©nelon
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55:
51:
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42:
37:
32:
28:
23:
2776:
2769:
2762:
2755:
2749:Publications
2735:
2645:Pi Alpha Tau
2492:
2468:
2461:
2442:
2415:
2408:
2395:
2394:Partnership
2386:
2379:
2330:
2323:
2316:
2287:
2223:Chag habanot
2222:
2221:Girls' Day (
2207:
2203:
2196:
2192:
2124:(1923, 1929)
2031:In the Bible
1966:
1949:
1935:
1921:
1914:
1900:
1896:
1882:
1868:
1851:
1837:
1820:
1802:
1787:
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1166:, p. 7.
1155:
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1143:
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1046:the original
1041:
982:The Guardian
981:
971:
951:, p. 6.
928:
909:, p. 5.
902:
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785:
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733:
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674:Tamar Berger
673:
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603:Claire Monis
596:), Hungarian
592:Lily Mathé,(
580:
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178:Claire Monis
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2874:WikiProject
2388:Tseno Ureno
2246:Matchmaking
2208:bat mitzvah
2197:Simchat bat
2193:Zeved habat
2130:(2003â2010)
1963:Bruno Giner
1318:"Bookstore"
1204:"Alma Rosé"
1021:Porter 1999
517:Zocha Nowak
510:Sarah Weiss
424:'s memoir,
364:Arnold Rosé
267:Maria Mandl
105: /
81:Coordinates
2889:Categories
2494:Firzogerin
2214:For adults
1697:Knapp 1996
1659:Knapp 1996
1575:Knapp 1996
1509:Knapp 1996
1497:Knapp 1996
1485:Knapp 1996
1454:Knapp 1996
1416:Knapp 1996
1404:Knapp 1996
1389:Knapp 1996
1293:Knapp 1996
1276:Knapp 1996
1261:Knapp 1996
1237:Knapp 1996
1191:Knapp 1996
1160:Knapp 1996
1119:Knapp 1996
1079:Knapp 1996
719:References
627:IrĂšne Szal
605:, French (
461:Conductors
378:in Paris.
350:Conductors
130:Conductors
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2357:Sexuality
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2063:Bat-Kohen
2046:In Israel
1684:609936332
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519:), Polish
473:Alma Rosé
360:Alma Rosé
340:TrÀumerei
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258:Formation
223:, in the
221:Holocaust
142:Alma Rosé
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2854:Category
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2515:Aminadav
2486:Timeline
2455:Timeline
2417:Mechitza
2410:Midrasha
2340:Abortion
2241:Marriage
2234:Marriage
2160:Orthodox
2148:Feminism
2068:Bat Levi
1768:(2000).
1749:(1980).
1634:Le Monde
1371:Archived
1212:Archived
933:Archived
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2864:Commons
2792:Schools
2700:Vocolot
2625:Na'amat
2610:Maharat
2520:Bat Kol
2283:Divorce
2170:Mizrahi
2165:Israeli
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546:(1976).
487:Players
480:copyist
408:" and "
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696:Notes
416:Books
2680:WLCJ
2675:WIZO
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