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105:"I believe that war is a degradation of motherhood, an economic futility, and a crime against civilisation and humanity. I therefore, pledge myself to active service in the cause of peace by working against compulsory military training and every form of militarism. Further, I solemnly pledge myself to face uninchingly adverse criticism, calumny, and persecution for my faith that LOVE and JUSTICE alone will bring peace to the world." (Membership booklet for the Women's Peace Army, Queensland branch)
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There was support for anti-war movements driven by the war-related inflation which saw food shortages largely felt by the working classes. This led to violent demonstrations and food riots in 2017 in
Melbourne. On 22 August 2017, the Women's Peace Army led hundreds of women on a march to Parliament
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House demanding "we want food and fair play". With headlines such as "Women Fight Police" the media reported protestors attacking police with umbrellas and their hands, and the police drawing their batons and handcuffs. The police arrested five people including
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The movement opposed war and by association conscription, proclaiming that governments should seek a mandate from the people, such as a referendum, before entering into a war.
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The movement actively held regular public meetings to recruit new members. Other activities included staging peace demonstrations and petitioning members of parliament.
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The
Queensland branch of the Women's Peace Army was established at a meeting in Brisbane on 16 November 1915. The meeting was attended by Melbourne delegates
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During one meeting at
Brisbane's Centennial Hall, army authorities notified the organisers that they would arrest anyone who sang the anti-war song "
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The Women's Peace Army was formed in
Melbourne, Victoria, Australia on 8 July 1915 during a meeting of the Women’s Political Association presided by
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In defiance, copies of the song sheet were distributed at the meeting with the audience singing the banned song in unity. No arrests were made.
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was "We war against war" and their flag utilised the colours of the suffragette movement - purple (dignity), green (hope) and white (purity).
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sharing the position of vice-president with Mabel Lane. A later advert (above) described
Parkhurst as "Organiser".
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New members were required to sign a pledge dedicating themselves to the principles of the Women's Peace Army -
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movement that sought to mobilise and unite women, regardless of political or religious beliefs, in their
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49:. Autonomous branches of the Women’s Peace Army were also established in the Australian cities of
192:. National Foundation for Australian Women (NFAW) in conjunction with The University of Melbourne
142:, who both gave speeches. Clio Jensen was later elected president of the Queensland branch, with
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126:, and after a rift formed between mother and daughter, Pankhurst was sent to live in Australia.
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122:, and Elizabeth Wallace. A former suffragette Pankhurst was the daughter of British activist
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385:, Canberra: National Centre of Biography, Australian National University
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Marching in Bourke Street
Melbourne over food, Women’s Peace Army, 1917
279:. St Lucia, Queensland: University of Queensland Press. p. 201.
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The power of humanity: 100 years of
Australian Red Cross 1914-2014
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358:. No. 3216. Victoria, Australia. 25 August 1917. p. 39
239:"Changing The World: The Women's Political Association"
273:
Proud to be a Rebel: The Life and Times of Emma Miller
330:. Sydney, NSW, Australia: HarperCollins Publishers.
237:Women's Political Association (8 August 2022).
407:Women's Peace Army membership booklet, ca.1915
216:The Argus (Melbourne, Vic. : 1848 - 1957)
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366:– via National Library of Australia.
226:– via National Library of Australia.
428:Women's organisations based in Australia
409:. State Library of Queensland collection
379:"Adela Constantia Pankhurst (1885–1961)"
301:"Women's Peace Army, Queensland Branch"
184:Francis, Rosemary (16 September 2013).
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423:Peace organisations based in Australia
158:I Didn't Raise My Son to Be a Soldier
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146:as secretary/treasurer and seasoned
307:. State Library of Queensland. 1915
383:Australian Dictionary of Biography
186:"Women's Peace Army (1915 - 1919)"
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243:The Commons Social Change Library
72:, a noted suffragist and pacifist
190:The Australian Women's Register
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326:Oppenheimer, Melanie (2014).
88:. The Women's Peace Army's
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443:20th century in Melbourne
433:Queensland in World War I
160:", an offence under the
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352:"WOMEN FIGHT POLICE"
305:One Search catalogue
212:"WOMEN'S PEACE ARMY"
162:War Precautions Act.
438:1910s in Queensland
270:Young, Pam (1991).
448:1910s in Melbourne
124:Emmeline Pankhurst
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61:Formation and aims
38:was an Australian
36:Women’s Peace Army
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337:978-0-7322-9485-4
130:Queensland branch
47:opposition to war
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120:Adela Pankhurst
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144:Margaret Thorp
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218:. 9 July 1915
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34:in 1915, the
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360:. Retrieved
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309:. Retrieved
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140:Cecilia John
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151:Emma Miller
417:Categories
286:0702223743
168:References
148:suffragist
82:suffragist
80:, a noted
26:Formed in
248:5 October
43:socialist
32:Australia
28:Melbourne
389:3 August
362:3 August
86:pacifist
55:Brisbane
40:anti-war
311:22 June
222:22 June
196:22 June
356:Leader
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51:Sydney
22:Advert
277:(PDF)
90:motto
391:2024
364:2024
332:ISBN
313:2016
281:ISBN
250:2022
224:2016
198:2016
138:and
84:and
53:and
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