2358:, the women's groups that formed in the period were averse to authoritarian structure and utilized a collective approach to decision-making. To challenge patriarchal power in personal and political spheres, they published and reproduced articles from other countries on Women's Liberation developments throughout the world. These loosely affiliated groups networked by circulating their publications in English, as well as regional languages. In Maharashtra, differing from other areas, meetings crossed caste and class divides, including students, laborers, blue collar workers, and white collar employees. Focusing on direct action, women in these groups protested official policy in various ways. For example, an influential street performance
2622:
3018:, since abortion was already legal in Turkey. Activists kept track of court proceedings that "gave explicit legitimacy to domestic violence" and protested either by sending letters to the judge or by setting up rallies. There was "enthusiastic turnout" for a protest organized in May 1987 against domestic violence and the government's lack of action towards the issue. A following event, a "1 day festival in October of the same year" helped boost women's confidence in their actions.
40:
2058:
2478:, women found themselves excluded from the civilian administration, and both the military and war production efforts, being relegated to treating the wounded and supporting families. Though short in duration, the conflict brought into focus an awareness of the segregated roles of women and men in society. In that same year, Freedman became the first openly feminist member of the
2482:, supporting the Civil Rights Movement. Jerusalem liberationists saw in the movement a way to fight against all oppression, including that of the poor and Palestinians. They led actions over poor wages, women working at night, and violence against women, as well as the right to control decisions over reproduction, as did activists in Haifa and Tel Aviv.
2594:
Women in Japan were considered "second-class citizens in society in general, within social movements , and in the family". Women involved in the movement were critical both of the literal modern family system and also of political movement that attempted to frame women's roles in politics in familial
2465:
emerged which highlighted the historical contributions of
Israeli women. Freedman commented: "It really wasn't that difficult translating American feminism to Israel, with many of the same issues: the ability of women to work outside the house, abortion and issues of women controlling their bodies,
2420:
ended in 1977 in India, membership in the women's movement swelled, which predominantly consisted up to that time of the organized, disciplined, hierarchically-structured, party-affiliated groups or the leaderless, inclusive and chaotic, but autonomous groups loosely affiliated with the political
2878:
department was established at EWU. The development of the course utilized students' input and also requested material relating to the courses from 150 universities in the United States with women's studies classes. The women's studies department was criticized for relying too heavily on
Western
2955:
really began to flourish in the 1980s. Women who had been involved in these leftist groups started to talk about feminism and created consciousness-raising groups where they shared their own experiences as women with one another. Many of the early feminists in Turkey were educated, often
2956:
professional, middle class and who had links to feminists in other countries. Because of women's very marginalized position in Turkey, the movement went unnoticed until "a substantial, organized feminist movement grew out of these small groups." One of the significant groups was called
2968:, a weekly magazine, which began in 1983. As the books become translated, women would form book clubs and hold book discussions. In addition to translating, women were also bringing new words into the Turkish language to describe issues they dealt with, such as "male domination" (
3025:
and the Purple Roof Women's
Shelter Foundation were both founded in 1990. Purple Roof worked hard to maintain autonomous control and rejected attempts of the state to "subvert the feminist meaning of their endeavor." One of the major contributors and founders of Purple Roof is
2801:". They did not explicitly or publicly blame women's roles in society on men, but rather as "product of history and tradition," and that gender inequality affected both men and women in society. Privately and in unpublished reports, members thought of themselves as feminists.
2397:
were part of the movement, but sexual orientation was largely a private matter. In like manner, liberationists were characterized as disruptive to class-based activists who firmly believed that elimination of class differences would solve women's problems. In 1981, a group
2641:
and also to advocate for a change in laws. Tanaka chose to use the word "toilet" because women could be described as "little more than repositories of men's bodily fluids," or metaphorically speaking, as a convenience to men. In August 1970, a conference hosted by
5159:
2934:
into her feminist discourse to promote a cultural basis for addressing double standards for men and women. By utilizing maxims such as "Do not impose on others what you yourself do not desire", she developed the theme of mutual respect for women.
2498:
to protest the position on abortion and were evicted by police. In 1977, the first women's shelter in Israel was founded in Haifa and the first rape crisis center was opened in Tel Aviv. That same year, a feminist publishing group
2535:
was itself a transliteration of
English for "women's lib" and was meant to show "both the activists' solidarity with other women's liberation movements around the world and their specificity as a new Japanese women's movement".
2412:
to protest selling brides. Unaffiliated with any political party, the group became a safe space for women of varying beliefs and political ties to openly express and discuss issues criticizing government policy and patriarchy.
2425:, held in Bombay at Cama Hall, marked a point where activists realized that multi-dimensional struggle focusing on both legal reform and raising awareness was necessary to combat systemic issues and different factions of
5182:
2722:
Thought Group SEX, Tokyo Komu-unu, Alliance of
Fighting Women and Scarlet Letter helped establish the Ribu Shinjuku Centre. The Centre was not only a central location for organizing and communicating, but also served as
2830:(EWU) began to criticize existing women's organizations in Korea as being too focused on legal change for women rather than liberation of women from societal ideas of what women should be. As western literature, like
2599:
for woman, which had become a derogatory way to refer to women, but one that did not have familial connotations. Women involved in this women's liberation movement felt that they were different from people who were
2473:
movement (based on an acronym meaning Women for a
Renewed Society) was formed, attracting interest throughout the country with stands against legal inequality and the suffering of the Palestinians. During the 1973
235:
2485:
Women's centers sprang up in metropolitan areas and by 1975, translated anthologies of US and
European texts were appearing regularly in Israel. Various feminist publications appeared in the mid-1970s, including
147:
2171:, the liberationist movement was inspired by the worldwide movement for women's liberation and typically combined the fight against sexism with the struggle against colonialism and economic exploitation.
2813:
and were focused on poor working conditions and exploitation of women in the family under a system which required women to work to pay for their brothers' educations and support their families. In 1975,
2259:
Politics in India became radicalized in the late 1960s with numerous special-interest groups forming to address corruption and the economic crisis brought about by destructive development. By the 1970s,
4588:
2951:
in the 1960s and leftist movements began to form in the 1970s. However, women's concerns were not dealt with by many of these groups and women were actively discouraged from discussing them. The
2738:
called for a council of women to be formed to advocate for women's rights in
Singapore in 1972. The women's liberation movement in Singapore was energized in 1975, during the observance of the
2656:
230:
4535:
162:
2793:(AWARE) was created in 1985 in response to the issues raised at the "Women's Choices, Women's Lives" forum. Members of AWARE were concerned about not being associated with negative
2629:
Groups began to appear in cities throughout Japan in April 1970. These groups were not hierarchical and had no central leadership. Starting in late 1970, an organization called
3022:
152:
4999:
2288:, realized that they had to fight a class battle, as well as a battle against sexism. However, most women participating in the women's liberation movement in the 1970s were
269:
2207:, women were celebrated through slogans like "Women Hold Up Half the Sky", while simultaneously they were discouraged from discussing gender issues, which were seen as "
2883:, known as Minjung feminism, which developed in South Korea in the 1980s merged worker concerns with liberationist ideas within the broader fight against dictatorship.
2461:. The first liberationist group formed in 1972, spawning formation of consciousnesses-raising groups which used direct actions as a means of addressing women's issues.
2378:
1587:
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2404:
was formed by activists in
Calcutta with the goal of raising the consciousness of its members and other women. Their initial public protest was production of a play,
3044:
2900:
4680:
2159:, the movement focused on sexuality rather than equality, in an attempt to gain recognition for women's autonomy and freedom to choose their own social roles. In
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2381:, revealed that women's participation in economic and political life had declined in post-Independent India. Unlike the western counterparts of the WLM,
2086:
2268:, women in diverse classes began to engage in direct actions to challenge leadership. The idea of "women's liberation" became a "respectable topic" in
3049:
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faith to speak out about their experiences. Secular feminists and
Islamic women in Turkey had an influence on each other during this time. Some, like
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2746:(NCW) was formed in order to coordinate the activities of women's groups in the country and to help end discrimination against women. In 1983, the "
911:
264:
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2707:. The activists had a banner that read "Mother's Day, what a laugh!" and critiqued the value of mothers, wives and children in Japanese society.
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79:
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74:
2004:
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were formed, with women joining these leftist organizations in greater numbers. The first Democratic Women's Union conference was held in
217:
2014:
2009:
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helped shape women's liberation in the West. Many Asian feminists had to straddle the line between being feminist or being "Asian." In
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came to the women's liberation movement later than other countries and was influenced by feminists from other countries and also by
2124:. Women's liberation in Asia also dealt with particular challenges that made the liberation movement unique in different countries.
2040:
1954:
1922:
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5022:
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although on Israel a very common response was that no women's movement was needed because Israeli women were already 'liberated'."
2019:
904:
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2747:
2583:), but instead focused on a liberation of women's sexuality. In addition, the sense of autonomy over their own bodies meant that
1359:
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187:
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of feminism and balanced their feminism with "Asian values." AWARE publicly focused on issues they called "women's rights" and "
4884:
197:
142:
2559:) was important and defining for the movement itself. Women such as Iwatsuki Sumie (also known as Asatori Sumie), wrote about
2272:
starting in the 1970s. Women began to see that legal protections were doing very little to change the reality of their lives.
5013:. Kyoto, Japan: International Research Centre for Japanese Studies, National Institute for the Humanities. pp. 131–135.
2922:
formation to Chinese-speaking women in Taiwan. This translation was also an influence on Lu, whose followers established the
2315:
that drew 121,632 members from nearly every district. In 1974, organizations such as the Women's Anti-Price-Rise movement in
2079:
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in Singapore. Young people were encouraged to marry and have children by the government which was worried about the falling
2107:
2100:
869:
182:
4909:
5168:
2739:
2727:. The women's liberation movement in Japan continued past the 1970s, but not with using the same terminology and methods.
2219:
during the period. However, many of the ideas created during the revolution went on to influence women's movements in the
1984:
1974:
1876:
1406:
1224:
212:
192:
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translated and published books by significant feminist writers. Translations were also published on the feminist page of
2280:
began to see themselves as doubly disadvantaged: both economically and through their lower social status. Women in lower
2199:
there and women's social status rose quickly. Initially, Chinese people believed that the Communist Revolution would end
2147:
affected the way that women's liberation was approached in that gender and class could rarely be separated. Similarly in
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4396:
1964:
1939:
1764:
1033:
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The women's movement of the 1980s allowed feminist policies and groups to continue to grow in the 1990s and 2000s. The
2320:
4282:
2511:. By the end of the 1970s, the movement was fracturing in Israel and Aleph disbanded in 1980. The feminist periodical
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theory. Slogans such as "workers of the world unite" turned into "women of the world unite" and key features like
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which advocated for women to come together to end "the dominant patriarchal paradigm". Yang Mei-hui translated
2308:
2211:". In the 1970s, new institutions that benefited and were staffed by women were created, including cafeterias,
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1994:
1989:
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The women's liberation movement in Israel was initiated in the early 1970s by two American immigrants at the
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1831:
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1475:
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1330:
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2633:(Group of Fighting Women) began to work towards women's liberation throughout Japan. Women met to discuss
2544:, but more focused on women's roles in Japan and "called for liberation from their sex," which is known as
2494:. In 1976, WLM members, led by Freeman, made headlines when they invaded a gynecological conference at the
5293:
4853:
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Society held a forum in November 1984 that responded to the issues raised in the "Great Marriage Debate."
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2328:
1979:
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model of modernity in Turkey and focused on how women are forced to play roles within this modern world.
4788:
Lu, Annette (2009). "An End to Patriarchy: Democratic Transformation and Women's Liberation in Taiwan".
2972:), creating a feminist language that could help the movement grow. Women in the movement criticized the
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The first women's organizations in South Korea arose from worker's struggles under the dictatorship of
4720:"From Mothers of the Nation to Embodied Citizens: Gender, Nation and Reflexive Modernisation in Japan"
2116:
movement that started in the late 1960s and continued into the 1970s. Women's liberation movements in
2923:
2759:
2507:
was founded, which led to the hosting of the first lesbian feminist conference the following year in
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Lyons, Lenore T. (2000). "A State of Ambivalence: Feminism and a Singaporean Women's Organisation".
2985:
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2446:
2438:
2409:
2223:, as radical feminists often were politically aligned with the left. In the polarized camps of the
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4343:. Annadale-On-Hudson, New York: Hannah Arendt Center for Politics and Humanities at Bard College.
3740:
Uno, Kathleen S. (1998). "The Death of 'Good Wife, Wise Mother'?". In Beauchamp, Edward R. (ed.).
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described herself as "a feminist with faith." Secular feminists who were involved in the journal,
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who had both been involved in feminist activities in the United States. Seminars they held in
2426:
2236:
2216:
2215:, and nurseries. Women's rights were managed by the state itself and there was no independent
2180:
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sought to redefine women's relationships to the family and the way that women expressed their
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1781:
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4820:
4719:
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4621:
Jones, Diane M. (1996). "Nationalism and Women's Liberation: The Cases of India and China".
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59:
5000:"Analyzing Fujin Sense and Onna Erosu Within the Context of the Feminist Movement in Japan"
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on how women suffered from a male-dominated society quickly inspired radical activities in
39:
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terminology. Within the movement, Japanese women also attempted to rehabilitate the word,
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organized the forum called "Women's Choices, Women's Lives" and brought speakers such as
2704:
2563:. She was also instrumental in creating women's spaces and was known for her advocacy of
4885:"Localised Voices of Feminism: Singapore's Association of Women for Action and Research"
5252:. Chicago, Illinois: Center for East Asian Studies for Herstory Project, Tokyo, Japan.
4363:"Reading 'Sex and Temperament' in Taiwan: Margaret Mead and Postwar Taiwanese Feminism"
2832:
2810:
2775:
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and sexual liberation. Sexual liberation for Tomoko and Tanaka didn't mean "free sex" (
2491:
2475:
2248:
1841:
1284:
1249:
1058:
864:
816:
610:
570:
453:
2999:, were supportive of Muslim women "who wanted to redefine their identities as women."
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4685:
4451:
2912:
2904:
2847:
2666:
2552:
2293:
2220:
2128:
1143:
1103:
1098:
1008:
750:
713:
338:
333:
4900:
4875:
4773:
2683:, which started in the 1970s and had a diverse perspective on social movements. The
2540:
differed from Western women's liberation movements in that the goals were not about
4368:
4075:"Women and Civil Society in Turkey: Women's Movements in a Muslim Society - Review"
2990:
2931:
2857:
2779:
2714:
activists in the early 1970s throughout Japan, including the best-known commune of
2634:
2367:
2289:
2212:
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1364:
1294:
1158:
1093:
1088:
1048:
998:
755:
674:
652:
553:
428:
301:
5243:"30 Years of Sisterhood—Women in the 1970's Women's Liberation Movement in Japan"
4948:. New Delhi, India: Women Unlimited in collaboration with Women's WORLD (India).
4434:
4415:
2179:
women. Turkey's struggle for women's liberation was centered around the issue of
4661:
Practicing Feminism in South Korea: The Women's Movement Against Sexual Violence
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2919:
2316:
2312:
2208:
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767:
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558:
404:
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4512:
Sappho in the Holy Land: Lesbian Existence and Dilemmas in Contemporary Israel
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1309:
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4765:
4698:
4642:
4602:
4443:
4381:
5202:
4826:
4727:
4468:
4318:
4305:
Arat, Yeşim (1998). "Feminists, Islamists, and Political Change in Turkey".
2735:
2531:, marking a new social and political direction for women in Japan. The name
2508:
2458:
2382:
2347:
2324:
2160:
1304:
1299:
377:
4461:"Minjung Feminism: Korean women's movement for gender and class liberation"
2879:
ideas, but there was a "strong interest" from students in the classes. The
2311:(Democratic Women's Organization) held a state conference in April 1973 in
2591:
and which emphasized creating a society where women "want to give birth".
2264:
worsened conditions for many. Peaking in 1974 with encouragement from the
5134:
5112:
Changing Agenda of Israeli Sociology, The: Theory, Ideology, and Identity
4926:
3482:
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3003:
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2588:
2454:
2224:
1078:
946:
509:
31:
5233:
4811:
5309:
5274:"Keys to Women's Liberation in Communist China: An Historical Overview"
5071:
4326:
2564:
2479:
2394:
2277:
740:
4650:
4362:
5040:
Omvedt, Gail (1975). "Rural Origins of Women's Liberation in India".
3007:
2977:
2948:
2892:
2351:
2332:
2304:
2240:
2172:
2168:
2148:
5055:
4589:"Women of Japan unite: Examining the contemporary state of feminism"
4158:
Encyclopedia of Women and Islamic Cultures: Family, Law and Politics
4634:
2980:
women were also involved in the movement, encouraging women of the
5080:
2981:
2700:
2620:
2524:
2450:
2386:
2340:
2285:
2269:
2192:
2176:
2156:
2144:
2140:
2132:
5222:
Caste Violence in Dalit Women s Writing A Dalit Feminist Critique
5161:
Scream From the Shadows: The Women's Liberation Movement in Japan
3842:
3840:
3838:
3836:
3834:
2606:(feminist) which they felt only applied to academics involved in
5316:. Singapore: Association of Women for Action and Research. n.d.
5005:. In Wöhr, Ulrike; Sato, Barbara Hamill; Suzuki, Sadami (eds.).
2355:
2228:
2117:
4945:
Making a Difference: Memoirs from the women's movement in India
4822:
Beyond Common Sense: Sexuality And Gender In Contemporary Japan
5143:. Vol. Second Reprint. New Delhi, India: Kali for Women.
2155:
women became important in molding the views of oppression. In
2687:
anthology for women in Japan came out in 1972 and was called
3809:
3807:
3805:
3803:
3537:
3535:
3533:
3531:
4889:
Intersections: Gender and Sexuality in Asia and the Pacific
2625:
Yoko Matsuoka leads a women's rights protest in Tokyo, 1970
5007:
Gender and Modernity: Rereading Japanese Women's Magazines
2366:
members became iconic, galvanizing women to work against
2343:
sparked women to create their own human rights movement.
5195:"The Women's Liberation Movement and Sexuality in Japan"
4910:"Israeli and Palestinian Feminisms: Postcolonial Issues"
4747:"Women's Movement and Change of Women's Status in China"
4536:"China's Forgotten Role in Western Second-Wave Feminism"
3746:. Dimensions of Contemporary Japan. New York, New York:
3510:
3498:
3486:
2870:, Korean intellectuals had become aware of the ideas of
4722:. In Gemer, Andrea; Mackie, Vera; Wöhr, Ulrike (eds.).
3225:
3223:
4681:"Theories for a Progressive Women's Movement in Korea"
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4564:
Jewish Women: A Comprehensive Historical Encyclopedia
3960:
3958:
3467:
3465:
3463:
3438:
3436:
3423:
3421:
3419:
3406:
3404:
3402:
3400:
3240:
3238:
3002:
By the mid 1980s, women were holding WLM protests in
2251:"were inspired by similar techniques used in China".
2195:
during the twentieth century was tied closely to the
5199:
Routledge Handbook of Sexuality Studies in East Asia
4492:
Translating Women: Different Voices and New Horizons
4287:
Rethinking Modernity and National Identity in Turkey
3861:
3859:
3857:
3855:
3327:
3325:
4488:"Translational Beginnings and Origin/izing Stories"
4414:Chiang, Lan-Hung Nora; Liu, Ying-chun (July 2011).
3743:
Women and Women's Issues in Post World War II Japan
4509:Frankfort-Nachmias, Chava; Shadmi, Erella (2005).
4490:. In von Flotow, Luise; Farahzad, Fazaneh (eds.).
4361:
3846:
3564:
3562:
3010:. These feminists were united around the issue of
2789:The first feminist organization in Singapore, the
5224:(Doctor of Philosophy thesis). Hyderabad, India:
2860:were translated into Korean in 1973, followed by
2703:activists created a public demonstration against
2131:women's liberation movements, and in the case of
2916:Sex and Temperament in Three Primitive Societies
2503:was created and the lesbian liberationist group
2339:in December 1974. Student unrest and protest in
2527:, the woman's liberation movement was known as
4283:"The Project of Modernity and Women in Turkey"
2670:
5140:Fields of Protest: Women's Movements in India
4392:Women's Movements in Twentieth-Century Taiwan
2665:attracted over 1,000 participants. Matsuoka,
2614:movement were young and had been involved in
2551:Women in the movement felt that dealing with
2307:had grown to 100,000 members by 1970 and the
2080:
8:
5226:The English and Foreign Languages University
4416:"Feminist geography in Taiwan and Hong Kong"
4285:. In Bozdoğan, Sibel; Kasaba, Reşat (eds.).
4147:
4145:
3045:Women's liberation movement in North America
2791:Association of Women for Action and Research
2379:United Nations survey on the Status of Women
5197:. In McLelland, Mark; Mackie, Vera (eds.).
4791:Georgetown Journal of International Affairs
4289:. Seattle: University of Washington Press.
3988:
3937:
3813:
3794:
3782:
3727:
3676:
3664:
3640:
3628:
3616:
3604:
3592:
3580:
3553:
3541:
3522:
2675:(Asian Women's Liberation Group). Another
2087:
2073:
1900:
1272:
1202:
967:African-American women's suffrage movement
294:
52:
18:
5079:Patel, Vibhuti (September–October 1985).
4925:
4857:
4433:
4048:
3652:
2227:period, socialists turned from emulating
5278:Journal of International Women's Studies
4754:Journal of International Women's Studies
4724:Gender, Nation and State in Modern Japan
3214:
3139:
2918:(1935), which introduced the concept of
2718:in Tokyo. Various groups, including the
2429:began to come together to solve issues.
2346:Creating small groups in such places as
912:Discrimination against transgender women
3825:
3688:
3090:
2027:
1903:
1340:
437:
354:
170:
133:
100:
30:
5220:Sowjanya, Tamalapakula (August 2011).
5011:International Symposium in Europe 1998
4981:10.1093/acrefore/9780190277727.013.194
4060:
4000:
3700:
3454:
3442:
3410:
3256:
3229:
3202:
3175:
3050:Women's liberation movement in Oceania
3023:Women's Library and Information Center
4180:
4136:
4102:
4036:
4024:
3925:
3913:
3901:
3889:
3877:
3865:
3391:
3379:
3367:
3316:
3304:
3292:
3280:
3268:
3244:
3187:
3163:
3100:
3040:Women's liberation movement in Europe
2587:activist opposed efforts to restrict
2127:Several countries were influenced by
7:
4825:(2nd ed.). New York, New York:
4574:from the original on 30 October 2016
4264:
4252:
4240:
4221:
4204:
4192:
4119:
3976:
3964:
3770:
3715:
3511:Frankfort-Nachmias & Shadmi 2005
3499:Frankfort-Nachmias & Shadmi 2005
3487:Frankfort-Nachmias & Shadmi 2005
3151:
2610:. Many of the women involved in the
2249:egalitarian consensus-based policies
4534:Hathaway, Michael J. (2018-01-04).
4459:Ching, Miriam; Louie, Yoon (2000).
4160:. Leiden: Brill. pp. 790–791.
3949:
3568:
3471:
3427:
3355:
3343:
3331:
5320:from the original on 26 March 2018
4079:Middle East Media and Book Reviews
4012:
3124:
3112:
14:
5343:Feminist movements and ideologies
4560:"Feminism in Contemporary Israel"
2321:Progressive Organization of Women
4883:Lyons, Lenore (September 2014).
4347:from the original on 24 May 2018
4337:"The Interview: Marcia Freedman"
4335:Becker, Aliza (26 August 2015).
2764:National University of Singapore
2377:in 1974 and 1975 as part of the
2262:drought in the Maharashtra state
2056:
1588:Democratic Republic of the Congo
922:Diversity, equity, and inclusion
38:
5272:Zhou, Jinghao (November 2003).
5259:from the original on 4 May 2017
5250:Asian Educational Media Service
5241:Yamaguchi, Tomomi, ed. (2006).
2669:and others were members of the
2239:after 1960 based key ideals on
4963:Molony, Barbara (2018-01-24).
4679:Kim, Yeong-hui (Autumn 2000).
4558:Herzog, Hanna (1 March 2009).
2943:Student movements focusing on
2754:, motherhood and the need for
2020:Women's suffrage organizations
1:
5169:University of Minnesota Press
5081:"Women's Liberation in India"
4969:Oxford Research Encyclopedias
4463:. In Smith, Bonnie G. (ed.).
4341:American Jewish Peace Archive
2750:" began a conversation about
2699:, October 21, 1970. In 1973,
2691:. The first public rally for
5310:"Civil Society and Activism"
4566:. Brookline, Massachusetts:
4435:10.1080/0966369X.2011.583341
4397:University of Illinois Press
2350:, Bombay, Delhi, Hyderabad,
2005:Suffragists and suffragettes
1935:American feminist literature
4465:Global Feminisms Since 1945
4421:Gender, Place & Culture
2953:women's liberation movement
2901:women's liberation movement
2515:began publication in 1980.
2108:women's liberation movement
2101:Women's liberation movement
1245:Views on transgender topics
1235:Views on sexual orientation
5369:
5193:Shigematsu, Setsu (2015).
5167:. Minneapolis, Minnesota:
5158:Shigematsu, Setsu (2012).
4908:Marteu, Élisabeth (2012).
4745:Li, Yuhui (January 2000).
4587:Ito, Masami (2015-10-03).
2740:International Women's Year
2697:International Anti-War Day
2639:Liberation from the Toilet
2373:Publication of the report
2303:The Women's Federation of
2098:
4942:Menon, Ritu, ed. (2011).
4868:10.1080/10357820008713257
4384:– via Project MUSE.
4156:. In Joseph, Suad (ed.).
2926:and began publishing the
2823:
2744:National Council of Women
2710:Communes were started by
2671:
2567:relationships. Activist,
2393:became a focus. As such,
2389:topic in the era, though
2309:Ganatantrik Mahila Samiti
2231:communism in the wake of
2036:Women's rights by country
942:Female genital mutilation
4718:Lenz, Ilse Vera (2014).
4073:Gokcek, Mustafa (2017).
2907:. In 1974, Lu published
2041:Feminists by nationality
2015:Women's studies journals
2010:Women's rights activists
728:Movements and ideologies
4973:Oxford University Press
4664:. New York: Routledge.
4494:. New York: Routledge.
4395:. Champaign, Illinois:
4319:10.1111/0162-895X.00095
3295:, pp. xx, 110–111.
3065:Feminism in South Korea
2423:1980 Forum Against Rape
1429:International relations
290:Intersectional variants
5089:. First (153): 75–86.
4726:. New York, New York:
4658:Jung, Kyungja (2014).
4594:The Japan Times Online
4568:Jewish Women's Archive
4389:Chang, Doris (2009a).
3989:Ching & Louie 2000
3938:Ching & Louie 2000
2930:in 1982. Lu also wove
2899:, was inspired by the
2828:Ewha Womans University
2626:
2575:, which also explored
2364:Stree Mukti Sanghatana
2329:Stree Mukti Sanghatana
1955:Conservative feminisms
1210:Bicycling and feminism
1186:Women in the workforce
1154:Violence against women
1129:Sexual objectification
1089:Opposition to feminism
346:Vegetarian ecofeminism
4819:Lunsing, Wim (2016).
4360:Chang, Doris (2009).
4049:Chiang & Liu 2011
2843:The Feminine Mystique
2748:Great Marriage Debate
2742:. That same year the
2624:
2618:groups in the 1960s.
2488:Women as Human Beings
2469:In 1972, the radical
2245:consciousness-raising
1985:Feminist rhetoricians
1975:Feminist philosophers
1527:Revisionist mythology
1230:Views on prostitution
1215:Criticism of marriage
905:Children's literature
5296:on 28 September 2015
5205:. pp. 174–187.
5115:. Albany, New York:
4998:Muta, Kazue (2000).
4927:10.3917/rtm.209.0071
4846:Asian Studies Review
4730:. pp. 211–229.
4515:. Albany, New York:
4486:Ergun, Emek (2017).
4471:. pp. 119–138.
4307:Political Psychology
4281:Arat, Yeşım (1997).
3750:. pp. 227–257.
2932:Confucian philosophy
2924:Awakening Foundation
2897:Hsiu-lien Annette Lu
2762:in the country. The
2720:Gurũpu tatakau onna,
2716:Ribu Shinjuku Centre
2408:, written by member
2197:Communist Revolution
1965:Feminist art critics
1940:Feminist comic books
1897:Lists and categories
1576:By continent/country
1407:Pathways perspective
1290:Gender mainstreaming
1225:Views on pornography
1134:Substantive equality
1114:Reproductive justice
1064:Matriarchal religion
917:Diversity (politics)
853:Political lesbianism
163:Other women's rights
5201:. London, England:
4965:"Feminism in Japan"
4623:The History Teacher
4467:. London, England:
4152:Çaha, Ōmer (2005).
3991:, pp. 123–125.
3952:, pp. 220–221.
3773:, pp. 132–133.
3370:, pp. 176–177.
3358:, pp. 61, 101.
2947:began to appear in
2631:Gurũpu tatakau onna
2561:menstruation taboos
2439:University of Haifa
2410:Malini Bhattacharya
2276:women who lived in
2205:Cultural Revolution
2137:Cultural Revolution
2063:Feminism portal
1970:Feminist economists
1960:Ecofeminist authors
1765:Trinidad and Tobago
1705:Republic of Ireland
1397:Composition studies
1164:Women's empowerment
1119:Sex workers' rights
1044:Feminist capitalism
1024:Internalized sexism
957:Feminism in culture
65:History of feminism
4609:on 23 October 2017
4207:, p. 124-125.
3847:Women's Action n.d
3797:, p. 178-179.
3748:Garland Publishing
3060:Feminism in Taiwan
2960:(Women's Circle).
2928:Awakening Magazine
2838:Simone de Beauvoir
2826:), a professor at
2627:
2266:Navnirman Movement
2191:Women's status in
1375:Literary criticism
1240:Views on sexuality
927:Effects on society
895:Complementarianism
870:Women's liberation
625:Religious variants
599:trans-exclusionary
317:Radical lesbianism
5348:Feminism in China
5188:on 27 April 2018.
5150:978-81-86706-23-7
5126:978-1-4384-1681-6
5109:Ram, Uri (2012).
5086:New Left Review I
4990:978-0-19-027772-7
4955:978-81-88965-67-0
4914:Revue Tiers Monde
4903:on 22 April 2018.
4540:AsiaGlobal Online
4526:978-0-7914-6317-8
4478:978-0-415-18491-5
3757:978-0-8153-2731-8
3525:, pp. ix, 3.
3513:, pp. 43–44.
3319:, pp. 93–94.
3154:, pp. 71–74.
3070:Feminism in Japan
3055:Feminism in China
3012:domestic violence
2881:feminist movement
2872:radical feminists
2799:gender inequality
2573:Thought Group SEX
2406:Meye Dile Shajiye
2237:Western feminists
2217:feminist movement
2181:domestic violence
2135:, ideas from the
2097:
2096:
2048:
2047:
1567:
1566:
1557:womanist theology
1500:Political ecology
1331:Écriture féminine
1258:
1257:
1149:Triple oppression
1139:Toxic masculinity
1124:Sexual harassment
984:Feminist stripper
962:Feminist movement
518:
517:
449:Africana womanism
280:
279:
16:Feminist movement
5360:
5353:Feminism in Asia
5328:
5326:
5325:
5305:
5303:
5301:
5292:. Archived from
5268:
5266:
5264:
5258:
5247:
5237:
5216:
5189:
5187:
5181:. Archived from
5166:
5154:
5130:
5105:
5103:
5101:
5075:
5043:Social Scientist
5036:
5034:
5033:
5027:
5021:. Archived from
5004:
4994:
4959:
4938:
4936:
4934:
4929:
4904:
4899:. Archived from
4879:
4861:
4840:
4815:
4784:
4782:
4776:. Archived from
4751:
4741:
4714:
4712:
4710:
4701:. Archived from
4675:
4654:
4617:
4615:
4614:
4605:. Archived from
4583:
4581:
4579:
4554:
4552:
4551:
4542:. Archived from
4530:
4505:
4482:
4455:
4437:
4410:
4385:
4365:
4356:
4354:
4352:
4330:
4300:
4268:
4262:
4256:
4250:
4244:
4238:
4225:
4219:
4208:
4202:
4196:
4190:
4184:
4178:
4172:
4171:
4149:
4140:
4134:
4123:
4117:
4106:
4100:
4089:
4088:
4086:
4085:
4070:
4064:
4058:
4052:
4046:
4040:
4034:
4028:
4022:
4016:
4010:
4004:
3998:
3992:
3986:
3980:
3974:
3968:
3962:
3953:
3947:
3941:
3935:
3929:
3923:
3917:
3911:
3905:
3899:
3893:
3887:
3881:
3875:
3869:
3863:
3850:
3844:
3829:
3823:
3817:
3811:
3798:
3792:
3786:
3780:
3774:
3768:
3762:
3761:
3737:
3731:
3725:
3719:
3713:
3704:
3698:
3692:
3686:
3680:
3674:
3668:
3662:
3656:
3650:
3644:
3638:
3632:
3626:
3620:
3614:
3608:
3602:
3596:
3590:
3584:
3578:
3572:
3566:
3557:
3551:
3545:
3539:
3526:
3520:
3514:
3508:
3502:
3496:
3490:
3484:
3475:
3469:
3458:
3452:
3446:
3440:
3431:
3425:
3414:
3408:
3395:
3389:
3383:
3377:
3371:
3365:
3359:
3353:
3347:
3341:
3335:
3329:
3320:
3314:
3308:
3302:
3296:
3290:
3284:
3278:
3272:
3266:
3260:
3259:, p. 40-41.
3254:
3248:
3242:
3233:
3227:
3218:
3212:
3206:
3200:
3191:
3185:
3179:
3173:
3167:
3161:
3155:
3149:
3143:
3137:
3128:
3122:
3116:
3110:
3104:
3098:
2994:
2970:erkek egemenliği
2945:anti-imperialism
2825:
2679:publication was
2674:
2673:
2672:Ajia Josei Kaihō
2663:Hosei University
2660:
2375:Towards Equality
2233:Stalinist purges
2151:, the plight of
2089:
2082:
2075:
2061:
2060:
2059:
2000:Feminist parties
1995:Muslim feminists
1990:Jewish feminists
1901:
1882:History of women
1505:Political theory
1273:
1203:
1176:
1169:Women-only space
1054:Likeability trap
1019:Invisible labour
937:Female education
746:Anti-pornography
601:
600:
596:
312:Lesbian of color
295:
172:Women's suffrage
148:Muslim countries
143:Women's suffrage
60:Feminist history
53:
42:
19:
5368:
5367:
5363:
5362:
5361:
5359:
5358:
5357:
5333:
5332:
5331:
5323:
5321:
5308:
5299:
5297:
5271:
5262:
5260:
5256:
5245:
5240:
5219:
5213:
5192:
5185:
5179:
5164:
5157:
5151:
5133:
5127:
5108:
5099:
5097:
5078:
5056:10.2307/3516120
5039:
5031:
5029:
5025:
5002:
4997:
4991:
4962:
4956:
4941:
4932:
4930:
4907:
4882:
4859:10.1.1.892.9750
4843:
4837:
4818:
4787:
4780:
4749:
4744:
4738:
4717:
4708:
4706:
4678:
4672:
4657:
4620:
4612:
4610:
4586:
4577:
4575:
4557:
4549:
4547:
4533:
4527:
4508:
4502:
4485:
4479:
4458:
4413:
4407:
4388:
4359:
4350:
4348:
4334:
4304:
4297:
4280:
4276:
4271:
4263:
4259:
4251:
4247:
4239:
4228:
4220:
4211:
4203:
4199:
4191:
4187:
4179:
4175:
4168:
4151:
4150:
4143:
4135:
4126:
4118:
4109:
4101:
4092:
4083:
4081:
4072:
4071:
4067:
4059:
4055:
4047:
4043:
4035:
4031:
4023:
4019:
4011:
4007:
3999:
3995:
3987:
3983:
3975:
3971:
3963:
3956:
3948:
3944:
3936:
3932:
3924:
3920:
3912:
3908:
3900:
3896:
3888:
3884:
3876:
3872:
3864:
3853:
3845:
3832:
3824:
3820:
3814:Shigematsu 2015
3812:
3801:
3795:Shigematsu 2015
3793:
3789:
3783:Shigematsu 2012
3781:
3777:
3769:
3765:
3758:
3739:
3738:
3734:
3728:Shigematsu 2012
3726:
3722:
3714:
3707:
3699:
3695:
3687:
3683:
3677:Shigematsu 2012
3675:
3671:
3665:Shigematsu 2012
3663:
3659:
3651:
3647:
3641:Shigematsu 2015
3639:
3635:
3629:Shigematsu 2015
3627:
3623:
3617:Shigematsu 2012
3615:
3611:
3605:Shigematsu 2015
3603:
3599:
3593:Shigematsu 2012
3591:
3587:
3581:Shigematsu 2012
3579:
3575:
3567:
3560:
3554:Shigematsu 2015
3552:
3548:
3542:Shigematsu 2015
3540:
3529:
3523:Shigematsu 2012
3521:
3517:
3509:
3505:
3497:
3493:
3485:
3478:
3470:
3461:
3453:
3449:
3441:
3434:
3426:
3417:
3409:
3398:
3390:
3386:
3378:
3374:
3366:
3362:
3354:
3350:
3342:
3338:
3330:
3323:
3315:
3311:
3303:
3299:
3291:
3287:
3279:
3275:
3267:
3263:
3255:
3251:
3243:
3236:
3228:
3221:
3213:
3209:
3201:
3194:
3186:
3182:
3174:
3170:
3166:, pp. 2–3.
3162:
3158:
3150:
3146:
3138:
3131:
3123:
3119:
3111:
3107:
3099:
3092:
3088:
3083:
3036:
2988:
2941:
2913:Margaret Mead's
2889:
2876:women's studies
2868:Juliet Mitchell
2853:Sexual Politics
2807:
2784:Margaret Thomas
2733:
2725:women's shelter
2650:
2608:women's studies
2521:
2496:Hilton Tel Aviv
2463:Women's studies
2443:Marcia Freedman
2435:
2391:sexual violence
2292:or part of the
2257:
2235:and invasions.
2189:
2103:
2093:
2057:
2055:
2050:
2049:
1951:
1898:
1890:
1889:
1888:
1797:Northern Cyprus
1577:
1569:
1568:
1563:
1385:Science fiction
1336:
1315:Women's studies
1280:Feminist method
1270:
1260:
1259:
1254:
1200:
1192:
1191:
1190:
1174:
1084:Oedipus complex
1074:Men in feminism
1039:Language reform
1014:Ideal womanhood
994:Gender equality
989:Formal equality
952:Feminationalism
890:Cognitive labor
884:
876:
875:
874:
831:Post-structural
730:
720:
719:
718:
627:
617:
616:
615:
598:
595:Gender-critical
594:
593:
544:Femonationalism
528:
520:
519:
514:
493:Native American
433:
388:Critical theory
350:
292:
282:
281:
276:
231:Second Republic
159:
129:
96:
70:Women's history
50:
17:
12:
11:
5:
5366:
5364:
5356:
5355:
5350:
5345:
5335:
5334:
5330:
5329:
5314:Women's Action
5306:
5269:
5238:
5217:
5211:
5190:
5177:
5155:
5149:
5131:
5125:
5106:
5076:
5050:(4/5): 40–54.
5037:
4995:
4989:
4960:
4954:
4939:
4920:(209): 71–88.
4905:
4880:
4841:
4835:
4816:
4785:
4783:on 2 May 2018.
4742:
4736:
4715:
4705:on 17 May 2018
4693:(3): 217–236.
4676:
4670:
4655:
4635:10.2307/494735
4629:(2): 145–154.
4618:
4584:
4555:
4531:
4525:
4506:
4500:
4483:
4477:
4456:
4428:(4): 557–569.
4411:
4405:
4386:
4357:
4313:(1): 117–131.
4302:
4301:
4295:
4277:
4275:
4272:
4270:
4269:
4267:, p. 122.
4257:
4255:, p. 106.
4245:
4243:, p. 120.
4226:
4224:, p. 128.
4209:
4197:
4195:, p. 104.
4185:
4173:
4167:978-9004128187
4166:
4141:
4124:
4122:, p. 119.
4107:
4090:
4065:
4053:
4051:, p. 559.
4041:
4029:
4017:
4005:
3993:
3981:
3969:
3954:
3942:
3940:, p. 122.
3930:
3918:
3906:
3894:
3892:, p. 7-8.
3882:
3870:
3851:
3830:
3828:, p. 292.
3818:
3816:, p. 179.
3799:
3787:
3775:
3763:
3756:
3732:
3720:
3718:, p. 217.
3705:
3693:
3691:, p. 260.
3681:
3669:
3657:
3653:Yamaguchi 2006
3645:
3643:, p. 180.
3633:
3631:, p. 176.
3621:
3609:
3607:, p. 178.
3597:
3585:
3573:
3558:
3556:, p. 174.
3546:
3544:, p. 175.
3527:
3515:
3503:
3491:
3476:
3474:, p. 151.
3459:
3447:
3432:
3430:, p. 150.
3415:
3396:
3394:, p. 201.
3384:
3382:, p. 179.
3372:
3360:
3348:
3336:
3321:
3309:
3297:
3285:
3283:, p. xix.
3273:
3261:
3249:
3234:
3219:
3207:
3192:
3190:, p. 151.
3180:
3168:
3156:
3144:
3129:
3117:
3105:
3103:, p. 152.
3089:
3087:
3084:
3082:
3079:
3078:
3077:
3072:
3067:
3062:
3057:
3052:
3047:
3042:
3035:
3032:
2940:
2937:
2888:
2885:
2863:Woman's Estate
2833:The Second Sex
2811:Park Chung-hee
2806:
2803:
2776:Kanwaljit Soin
2760:fertility rate
2732:
2729:
2695:took place on
2689:Onna's Thought
2635:Tanaka Mitsu's
2520:
2517:
2501:The Second Sex
2492:Shulamit Aloni
2476:Yom Kippur War
2434:
2431:
2300:and educated.
2256:
2253:
2188:
2185:
2099:Main article:
2095:
2094:
2092:
2091:
2084:
2077:
2069:
2066:
2065:
2052:
2051:
2046:
2045:
2044:
2043:
2038:
2030:
2029:
2025:
2024:
2023:
2022:
2017:
2012:
2007:
2002:
1997:
1992:
1987:
1982:
1980:Feminist poets
1977:
1972:
1967:
1962:
1957:
1950:
1949:
1947:Feminist songs
1944:
1943:
1942:
1937:
1927:
1926:
1925:
1923:by nationality
1915:
1909:
1906:
1905:
1899:
1896:
1895:
1892:
1891:
1887:
1886:
1885:
1884:
1874:
1872:United Kingdom
1869:
1864:
1859:
1854:
1849:
1844:
1839:
1834:
1829:
1824:
1819:
1814:
1809:
1804:
1799:
1794:
1789:
1784:
1779:
1774:
1769:
1768:
1767:
1762:
1757:
1752:
1747:
1742:
1737:
1732:
1722:
1717:
1712:
1707:
1702:
1697:
1692:
1687:
1682:
1677:
1672:
1667:
1662:
1657:
1652:
1647:
1642:
1637:
1632:
1627:
1626:
1625:
1620:
1615:
1610:
1605:
1600:
1595:
1590:
1579:
1578:
1575:
1574:
1571:
1570:
1565:
1564:
1562:
1561:
1560:
1559:
1549:
1544:
1539:
1534:
1529:
1524:
1523:
1522:
1512:
1507:
1502:
1497:
1496:
1495:
1490:
1485:
1483:Existentialism
1480:
1479:
1478:
1476:Justice ethics
1468:
1463:
1458:
1448:
1443:
1438:
1437:
1436:
1434:Constructivism
1426:
1421:
1416:
1411:
1410:
1409:
1399:
1394:
1389:
1388:
1387:
1382:
1377:
1372:
1362:
1357:
1352:
1346:
1343:
1342:
1341:Areas of study
1338:
1337:
1335:
1334:
1327:
1322:
1317:
1312:
1307:
1302:
1297:
1292:
1287:
1285:Gender studies
1282:
1276:
1271:
1266:
1265:
1262:
1261:
1256:
1255:
1253:
1252:
1250:SCUM Manifesto
1247:
1242:
1237:
1232:
1227:
1222:
1217:
1212:
1206:
1201:
1198:
1197:
1194:
1193:
1189:
1188:
1183:
1181:Women's rights
1178:
1175:Women's health
1171:
1166:
1161:
1156:
1151:
1146:
1141:
1136:
1131:
1126:
1121:
1116:
1111:
1106:
1101:
1096:
1091:
1086:
1081:
1076:
1071:
1066:
1061:
1059:Male privilege
1056:
1051:
1046:
1041:
1036:
1028:International
1026:
1021:
1016:
1011:
1006:
1001:
996:
991:
986:
981:
980:
979:
974:
969:
959:
954:
949:
944:
939:
934:
929:
924:
919:
914:
909:
908:
907:
897:
892:
886:
885:
882:
881:
878:
877:
873:
872:
867:
865:Technofeminism
862:
861:
860:
855:
850:
840:
839:
838:
828:
823:
822:
821:
820:
819:
809:
804:
794:
793:
792:
791:
790:
775:
770:
765:
764:
763:
758:
748:
743:
738:
732:
731:
726:
725:
722:
721:
717:
716:
711:
710:
709:
699:
694:
689:
688:
687:
682:
677:
667:
666:
665:
660:
655:
650:
640:
635:
629:
628:
623:
622:
619:
618:
614:
613:
608:
603:
590:
589:
588:
583:
578:
568:
563:
562:
561:
551:
546:
541:
536:
530:
529:
527:Other variants
526:
525:
522:
521:
516:
515:
513:
512:
507:
502:
497:
496:
495:
485:
484:
483:
473:
472:
471:
466:
461:
451:
445:
442:
441:
435:
434:
432:
431:
426:
425:
424:
419:
409:
408:
407:
397:
396:
395:
390:
380:
375:
374:
373:
362:
359:
358:
352:
351:
349:
348:
343:
342:
341:
331:
326:
325:
324:
319:
314:
304:
298:
293:
288:
287:
284:
283:
278:
277:
275:
274:
273:
272:
262:
261:
260:
255:
253:Cayman Islands
248:United Kingdom
245:
240:
239:
238:
233:
225:
220:
215:
210:
205:
200:
195:
190:
185:
179:
176:
175:
168:
167:
166:
165:
158:
157:
156:
155:
150:
139:
136:
135:
131:
130:
128:
127:
122:
117:
112:
106:
103:
102:
98:
97:
95:
94:
93:
92:
87:
82:
77:
67:
62:
56:
51:
48:
47:
44:
43:
35:
34:
28:
27:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5365:
5354:
5351:
5349:
5346:
5344:
5341:
5340:
5338:
5319:
5315:
5311:
5307:
5295:
5291:
5287:
5283:
5279:
5275:
5270:
5255:
5251:
5244:
5239:
5235:
5231:
5227:
5223:
5218:
5214:
5212:9781317685746
5208:
5204:
5200:
5196:
5191:
5184:
5180:
5178:9780816667581
5174:
5170:
5163:
5162:
5156:
5152:
5146:
5142:
5141:
5136:
5132:
5128:
5122:
5118:
5114:
5113:
5107:
5096:
5092:
5088:
5087:
5082:
5077:
5073:
5069:
5065:
5061:
5057:
5053:
5049:
5045:
5044:
5038:
5028:on 2018-05-01
5024:
5020:
5016:
5012:
5008:
5001:
4996:
4992:
4986:
4982:
4978:
4974:
4970:
4966:
4961:
4957:
4951:
4947:
4946:
4940:
4928:
4923:
4919:
4915:
4911:
4906:
4902:
4898:
4894:
4890:
4886:
4881:
4877:
4873:
4869:
4865:
4860:
4855:
4851:
4847:
4842:
4838:
4836:9781317793045
4832:
4828:
4824:
4823:
4817:
4813:
4809:
4805:
4801:
4797:
4793:
4792:
4786:
4779:
4775:
4771:
4767:
4763:
4759:
4755:
4748:
4743:
4739:
4737:9781317667155
4733:
4729:
4725:
4721:
4716:
4704:
4700:
4696:
4692:
4688:
4687:
4686:Korea Journal
4682:
4677:
4673:
4671:9781134581658
4667:
4663:
4662:
4656:
4652:
4648:
4644:
4640:
4636:
4632:
4628:
4624:
4619:
4608:
4604:
4600:
4596:
4595:
4590:
4585:
4573:
4569:
4565:
4561:
4556:
4546:on 2 May 2018
4545:
4541:
4537:
4532:
4528:
4522:
4518:
4514:
4513:
4507:
4503:
4501:9781317229872
4497:
4493:
4489:
4484:
4480:
4474:
4470:
4466:
4462:
4457:
4453:
4449:
4445:
4441:
4436:
4431:
4427:
4423:
4422:
4417:
4412:
4408:
4406:9780252090813
4402:
4398:
4394:
4393:
4387:
4383:
4379:
4375:
4371:
4370:
4364:
4358:
4346:
4342:
4338:
4333:
4332:
4331:
4328:
4324:
4320:
4316:
4312:
4308:
4298:
4296:9780295975979
4292:
4288:
4284:
4279:
4278:
4273:
4266:
4261:
4258:
4254:
4249:
4246:
4242:
4237:
4235:
4233:
4231:
4227:
4223:
4218:
4216:
4214:
4210:
4206:
4201:
4198:
4194:
4189:
4186:
4183:, p. 45.
4182:
4177:
4174:
4169:
4163:
4159:
4155:
4148:
4146:
4142:
4139:, p. 44.
4138:
4133:
4131:
4129:
4125:
4121:
4116:
4114:
4112:
4108:
4105:, p. 43.
4104:
4099:
4097:
4095:
4091:
4080:
4076:
4069:
4066:
4063:, p. 94.
4062:
4057:
4054:
4050:
4045:
4042:
4039:, p. 52.
4038:
4033:
4030:
4027:, p. 51.
4026:
4021:
4018:
4015:, p. 48.
4014:
4009:
4006:
4003:, p. 93.
4002:
3997:
3994:
3990:
3985:
3982:
3979:, p. 24.
3978:
3973:
3970:
3967:, p. 23.
3966:
3961:
3959:
3955:
3951:
3946:
3943:
3939:
3934:
3931:
3928:, p. 13.
3927:
3922:
3919:
3916:, p. 12.
3915:
3910:
3907:
3904:, p. 11.
3903:
3898:
3895:
3891:
3886:
3883:
3879:
3874:
3871:
3867:
3862:
3860:
3858:
3856:
3852:
3848:
3843:
3841:
3839:
3837:
3835:
3831:
3827:
3822:
3819:
3815:
3810:
3808:
3806:
3804:
3800:
3796:
3791:
3788:
3785:, p. 60.
3784:
3779:
3776:
3772:
3767:
3764:
3759:
3753:
3749:
3745:
3744:
3736:
3733:
3730:, p. 14.
3729:
3724:
3721:
3717:
3712:
3710:
3706:
3702:
3697:
3694:
3690:
3685:
3682:
3678:
3673:
3670:
3666:
3661:
3658:
3654:
3649:
3646:
3642:
3637:
3634:
3630:
3625:
3622:
3619:, p. 66.
3618:
3613:
3610:
3606:
3601:
3598:
3595:, p. 57.
3594:
3589:
3586:
3583:, p. 11.
3582:
3577:
3574:
3570:
3565:
3563:
3559:
3555:
3550:
3547:
3543:
3538:
3536:
3534:
3532:
3528:
3524:
3519:
3516:
3512:
3507:
3504:
3501:, p. 44.
3500:
3495:
3492:
3489:, p. 43.
3488:
3483:
3481:
3477:
3473:
3468:
3466:
3464:
3460:
3456:
3451:
3448:
3444:
3439:
3437:
3433:
3429:
3424:
3422:
3420:
3416:
3412:
3407:
3405:
3403:
3401:
3397:
3393:
3388:
3385:
3381:
3376:
3373:
3369:
3364:
3361:
3357:
3352:
3349:
3346:, p. 77.
3345:
3340:
3337:
3334:, p. 95.
3333:
3328:
3326:
3322:
3318:
3313:
3310:
3307:, p. 24.
3306:
3301:
3298:
3294:
3289:
3286:
3282:
3277:
3274:
3270:
3265:
3262:
3258:
3253:
3250:
3246:
3241:
3239:
3235:
3232:, p. 41.
3231:
3226:
3224:
3220:
3217:, p. 52.
3216:
3215:Sowjanya 2011
3211:
3208:
3205:, p. 44.
3204:
3199:
3197:
3193:
3189:
3184:
3181:
3178:, p. 40.
3177:
3172:
3169:
3165:
3160:
3157:
3153:
3148:
3145:
3141:
3140:Hathaway 2018
3136:
3134:
3130:
3127:, p. 32.
3126:
3121:
3118:
3115:, p. 39.
3114:
3109:
3106:
3102:
3097:
3095:
3091:
3085:
3080:
3076:
3073:
3071:
3068:
3066:
3063:
3061:
3058:
3056:
3053:
3051:
3048:
3046:
3043:
3041:
3038:
3037:
3033:
3031:
3029:
3024:
3019:
3017:
3013:
3009:
3005:
3000:
2998:
2992:
2987:
2986:Sibel Eraslan
2983:
2979:
2975:
2971:
2967:
2963:
2962:Kadin Çevresi
2959:
2958:Kadin Çevresi
2954:
2950:
2946:
2938:
2936:
2933:
2929:
2925:
2921:
2917:
2914:
2910:
2906:
2905:United States
2902:
2898:
2894:
2886:
2884:
2882:
2877:
2874:. By 1977, a
2873:
2869:
2865:
2864:
2859:
2855:
2854:
2849:
2848:Betty Friedan
2845:
2844:
2839:
2835:
2834:
2829:
2821:
2817:
2812:
2804:
2802:
2800:
2796:
2792:
2787:
2785:
2781:
2777:
2773:
2769:
2765:
2761:
2757:
2753:
2749:
2745:
2741:
2737:
2730:
2728:
2726:
2721:
2717:
2713:
2708:
2706:
2702:
2698:
2694:
2690:
2686:
2682:
2678:
2668:
2667:Yayori Matsui
2664:
2658:
2654:
2649:
2645:
2644:Yoko Matsuoka
2640:
2636:
2632:
2623:
2619:
2617:
2613:
2609:
2605:
2604:
2598:
2592:
2590:
2586:
2582:
2581:furii sekkusu
2578:
2574:
2570:
2569:Yonezu Tomoko
2566:
2562:
2558:
2554:
2553:sexual desire
2549:
2547:
2543:
2539:
2534:
2530:
2526:
2518:
2516:
2514:
2510:
2506:
2502:
2497:
2493:
2489:
2483:
2481:
2477:
2472:
2467:
2464:
2460:
2456:
2452:
2448:
2447:Marylin Safir
2444:
2440:
2432:
2430:
2428:
2424:
2419:
2418:The Emergency
2414:
2411:
2407:
2403:
2402:
2396:
2392:
2388:
2384:
2380:
2376:
2371:
2369:
2365:
2361:
2357:
2353:
2349:
2344:
2342:
2338:
2334:
2330:
2326:
2322:
2318:
2314:
2310:
2306:
2301:
2299:
2295:
2291:
2287:
2283:
2279:
2275:
2271:
2267:
2263:
2254:
2252:
2250:
2246:
2242:
2238:
2234:
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2222:
2218:
2214:
2213:kindergartens
2210:
2206:
2203:. During the
2202:
2198:
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2186:
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2178:
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2166:
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2018:
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1877:United States
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1725:Latin America
1723:
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1547:Technoscience
1545:
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1370:Art criticism
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1348:
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1320:Men's studies
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1233:
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1221:
1220:Views on BDSM
1218:
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1144:Transmisogyny
1142:
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1135:
1132:
1130:
1127:
1125:
1122:
1120:
1117:
1115:
1112:
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1107:
1105:
1104:Purplewashing
1102:
1100:
1099:Protofeminism
1097:
1095:
1092:
1090:
1087:
1085:
1082:
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1077:
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1022:
1020:
1017:
1015:
1012:
1010:
1009:Honor killing
1007:
1005:
1002:
1000:
997:
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985:
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975:
973:
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829:
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808:
805:
803:
800:
799:
798:
795:
789:
786:
785:
784:
781:
780:
779:
778:Individualist
776:
774:
771:
769:
766:
762:
759:
757:
754:
753:
752:
751:Cyberfeminism
749:
747:
744:
742:
739:
737:
734:
733:
729:
724:
723:
715:
712:
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569:
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560:
557:
556:
555:
552:
550:
547:
545:
542:
540:
537:
535:
534:Anti-abortion
532:
531:
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511:
508:
506:
503:
501:
498:
494:
491:
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486:
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455:
452:
450:
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440:
439:Multicultural
436:
430:
427:
423:
422:Transnational
420:
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406:
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402:
401:
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376:
372:
369:
368:
367:
364:
363:
361:
360:
357:
353:
347:
344:
340:
339:Postgenderism
337:
336:
335:
334:Transfeminism
332:
330:
327:
323:
320:
318:
315:
313:
310:
309:
308:
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299:
297:
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291:
286:
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271:
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265:United States
263:
259:
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251:
250:
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246:
244:
241:
237:
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232:
229:
228:
226:
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219:
218:Liechtenstein
216:
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68:
66:
63:
61:
58:
57:
55:
54:
46:
45:
41:
37:
36:
33:
29:
25:
21:
20:
5322:. Retrieved
5313:
5298:. Retrieved
5294:the original
5284:(1): 67–77.
5281:
5277:
5261:. Retrieved
5249:
5234:10603/108989
5221:
5198:
5183:the original
5160:
5139:
5111:
5098:. Retrieved
5084:
5047:
5041:
5030:. Retrieved
5023:the original
5006:
4968:
4944:
4931:. Retrieved
4917:
4913:
4901:the original
4888:
4849:
4845:
4821:
4798:(1): 47–53.
4795:
4789:
4778:the original
4760:(1): 30–40.
4757:
4753:
4723:
4707:. Retrieved
4703:the original
4690:
4684:
4660:
4626:
4622:
4611:. Retrieved
4607:the original
4592:
4576:. Retrieved
4563:
4548:. Retrieved
4544:the original
4539:
4511:
4491:
4464:
4425:
4419:
4391:
4376:(1): 51–75.
4373:
4369:NWSA Journal
4367:
4349:. Retrieved
4340:
4310:
4306:
4303:
4286:
4274:Bibliography
4260:
4248:
4200:
4188:
4176:
4157:
4082:. Retrieved
4078:
4068:
4056:
4044:
4032:
4020:
4008:
3996:
3984:
3972:
3945:
3933:
3921:
3909:
3897:
3885:
3880:, p. 3.
3873:
3826:Lunsing 2016
3821:
3790:
3778:
3766:
3742:
3735:
3723:
3696:
3689:Lunsing 2016
3684:
3679:, p. 4.
3672:
3667:, p. 3.
3660:
3655:, p. 3.
3648:
3636:
3624:
3612:
3600:
3588:
3576:
3549:
3518:
3506:
3494:
3450:
3387:
3375:
3363:
3351:
3339:
3312:
3300:
3288:
3276:
3271:, p. 7.
3264:
3252:
3247:, p. 3.
3210:
3183:
3171:
3159:
3147:
3120:
3108:
3020:
3001:
2996:
2969:
2965:
2961:
2957:
2942:
2927:
2915:
2909:New Feminism
2908:
2890:
2861:
2858:Kate Millett
2851:
2841:
2831:
2808:
2788:
2780:Hedwig Anuar
2772:Vivienne Wee
2768:Zaibun Siraj
2734:
2719:
2711:
2709:
2705:Mother's Day
2692:
2688:
2684:
2680:
2676:
2638:
2630:
2628:
2611:
2602:
2596:
2593:
2584:
2580:
2572:
2556:
2550:
2546:sei no kaihō
2545:
2542:equal rights
2537:
2532:
2528:
2522:
2512:
2504:
2500:
2487:
2484:
2470:
2468:
2436:
2415:
2405:
2399:
2374:
2372:
2368:dowry deaths
2363:
2359:
2345:
2302:
2290:middle class
2258:
2190:
2145:caste system
2126:
2106:
2104:
1827:Saudi Arabia
1623:South Africa
1466:Epistemology
1441:Legal theory
1360:Architecture
1350:Anthropology
1329:
1295:Gynocentrism
1159:War on women
1094:Pro-feminism
1049:Gender-blind
999:Gender quota
972:Art movement
741:Anti-fascist
675:Dianic Wicca
554:Postfeminism
429:Xenofeminism
412:Postcolonial
329:Sex-positive
4852:(1): 1–24.
4061:Chang 2009a
4001:Chang 2009a
3701:Molony 2018
3455:Marteu 2012
3443:Herzog 2009
3411:Becker 2015
3257:Omvedt 1975
3230:Omvedt 1975
3203:Omvedt 1975
3176:Omvedt 1975
3075:Aurat March
3014:instead of
2989: [
2920:gender role
2895:feminists,
2805:South Korea
2795:stereotypes
2651: [
2648:Aiko Iijima
2362:enacted by
2317:Maharashtra
2313:West Bengal
2296:, and were
2294:upper caste
2209:reactionary
2165:South Korea
2153:Palestinian
1832:South Korea
1812:Philippines
1792:New Zealand
1787:Netherlands
1510:Pornography
1488:Metaphysics
1402:Criminology
1380:Film theory
1355:Archaeology
1034:Women's Day
826:Libertarian
768:Ecofeminism
685:Ecofeminist
566:Reactionary
559:Neofeminism
500:Multiracial
405:Ecofeminist
400:Materialist
243:Switzerland
223:New Zealand
5337:Categories
5324:2018-05-04
5117:SUNY Press
5032:2018-05-01
4613:2018-05-03
4550:2018-05-02
4517:SUNY Press
4181:Ergun 2017
4137:Ergun 2017
4103:Ergun 2017
4084:2018-05-31
4037:Chang 2009
4025:Chang 2009
3926:Lyons 2000
3914:Lyons 2000
3902:Lyons 2000
3890:Lyons 2000
3878:Lyons 2000
3866:Lyons 2014
3392:Menon 2011
3380:Menon 2011
3368:Menon 2011
3317:Menon 2011
3305:Menon 2011
3293:Menon 2011
3281:Menon 2011
3269:Patel 1985
3245:Patel 1985
3188:Jones 1996
3164:Patel 1985
3101:Jones 1996
3081:References
3028:Canan Arin
2816:Yi Hyo-jae
2681:Onna erosu
2603:feminisuto
2577:disability
2571:, started
2421:left. The
2337:Tamil Nadu
2327:, and the
2284:, such as
2201:patriarchy
2028:Categories
1930:Literature
1640:Bangladesh
1515:Psychology
1461:Empiricism
1456:Aesthetics
1451:Philosophy
1325:Patriarchy
1310:Matriarchy
1030:Girl's Day
1004:Girl power
977:In hip hop
900:Literature
858:Separatist
836:Postmodern
802:Difference
736:Analytical
680:Reclaiming
488:Indigenous
393:Standpoint
322:Separatist
174:by country
5290:1539-8706
5203:Routledge
5135:Ray, Raka
5095:0028-6060
5064:0970-0293
5019:0915-2822
4897:1440-9151
4854:CiteSeerX
4827:Routledge
4804:1526-0054
4766:1539-8706
4728:Routledge
4699:0023-3900
4643:0018-2745
4603:0447-5763
4469:Routledge
4452:144387224
4444:0966-369X
4382:2151-7363
4265:Arat 1998
4253:Arat 1997
4241:Arat 1998
4222:Arat 1998
4205:Arat 1998
4193:Arat 1997
4120:Arat 1998
3977:Jung 2014
3965:Jung 2014
3771:Muta 2000
3716:Lenz 2014
3152:Zhou 2003
3086:Citations
2997:Pazartesi
2840:and then
2736:Nalla Tan
2731:Singapore
2712:ūman ribu
2693:ũūan ribu
2685:ūman ribu
2677:ūman ribu
2612:ūman ribu
2585:ūman ribu
2538:Ūman ribu
2533:ūman ribu
2529:ūman ribu
2509:Beersheba
2459:Jerusalem
2427:feminists
2401:Sachetana
2383:sexuality
2348:Bangalore
2325:Hyderabad
2323:(POW) of
2161:Singapore
2122:sexuality
1918:Feminists
1730:Argentina
1690:Indonesia
1680:Hong Kong
1635:Australia
1542:Sociology
1424:Geography
1414:Economics
1305:Male gaze
1300:Kyriarchy
761:Networked
643:Christian
378:Jineology
366:Anarchist
356:Socialist
236:Francoist
188:Australia
134:Timelines
5318:Archived
5263:30 April
5254:Archived
5137:(2002).
4876:55239511
4812:43134189
4774:38548207
4572:Archived
4345:Archived
4154:"Turkey"
3950:Kim 2000
3569:Ito 2015
3472:Ram 2012
3428:Ram 2012
3356:Ray 2002
3344:Ray 2002
3332:Ray 2002
3034:See also
3016:abortion
3004:Istanbul
2974:Kemalist
2893:Taiwan's
2756:feminism
2752:eugenics
2616:New Left
2589:abortion
2455:Tel-Aviv
2395:lesbians
2360:Om Swaha
2225:Cold War
2114:feminist
1913:Articles
1852:Thailand
1807:Pakistan
1777:Malaysia
1760:Paraguay
1750:Honduras
1598:Ethiopia
1552:Theology
1537:Sexology
1532:Sex wars
1446:Pedagogy
1199:Outlooks
1079:Misogyny
947:Femicide
932:Equality
883:Concepts
848:Cultural
807:Equality
788:Stiletto
783:Lipstick
707:Orthodox
670:Neopagan
658:Womanist
638:Buddhist
586:Embedded
581:Imperial
576:Carceral
549:Maternal
510:Womanism
198:Colombia
85:Canadian
75:American
32:Feminism
24:a series
22:Part of
5072:3516120
4327:3792117
4013:Lu 2009
3125:Li 2000
3113:Li 2000
2903:in the
2891:One of
2565:lesbian
2557:seiyoku
2480:Knesset
2471:Nilahem
2278:poverty
2177:Islamic
2129:Western
2110:in Asia
1867:Ukraine
1862:Vietnam
1772:Lebanon
1670:Germany
1660:Finland
1655:Denmark
1630:Albania
1618:Senegal
1613:Nigeria
1520:Therapy
1493:science
1392:Biology
843:Radical
797:Liberal
773:Eugenic
697:Islamic
633:Atheist
481:Lesbian
476:Chicana
469:Ratchet
464:Lesbian
459:Hip hop
383:Marxist
307:Lesbian
183:Austria
80:British
49:History
5300:15 May
5288:
5209:
5175:
5147:
5123:
5100:15 May
5093:
5070:
5062:
5017:
4987:
4952:
4933:23 May
4895:
4891:(36).
4874:
4856:
4833:
4810:
4802:
4772:
4764:
4734:
4709:16 May
4697:
4668:
4651:494735
4649:
4641:
4601:
4578:23 May
4523:
4498:
4475:
4450:
4442:
4403:
4380:
4351:24 May
4325:
4293:
4164:
3754:
3008:Ankara
2978:Muslim
2949:Turkey
2939:Turkey
2887:Taiwan
2820:Korean
2637:work,
2433:Israel
2416:After
2385:was a
2354:, and
2352:Madras
2333:Bombay
2319:, the
2305:Kerala
2286:Dalits
2282:castes
2241:Maoist
2229:Soviet
2173:Turkey
2169:Taiwan
2149:Israel
2143:, the
2112:was a
1857:Turkey
1847:Taiwan
1837:Sweden
1822:Russia
1817:Poland
1802:Norway
1755:Mexico
1735:Brazil
1710:Israel
1675:Greece
1665:France
1645:Canada
1583:Africa
1471:Ethics
1268:Theory
1109:Racism
812:Social
702:Jewish
648:Mormon
606:Victim
539:Equity
505:Romani
417:Global
270:states
227:Spain
213:Kuwait
193:Canada
125:Fourth
115:Second
90:German
5257:(PDF)
5246:(PDF)
5186:(PDF)
5165:(PDF)
5068:JSTOR
5026:(PDF)
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