Human rights in Qatar - Knowledge (XXG)

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make their situation even worse. Besides health care, the other interactions with important institutions that are counterproductive due to a lack of communication. According to the journal, "Patient Perspectives on Languages Discordance During Healthcare Visits: Findings From the Extremely High-Density Multicultural State of Qatar", addressing the work force of Qatar, "Qatar, … heavily in the development of its healthcare infrastructure in recent years to keep pace with rapid economic expansion. The expatriate population living and working in the country constitutes 94.14% of the total workforce (Qatar Permanent Population Committee, 2011)".

831:, to undertake a review of migrant worker conditions. Following the recommendations made, Qatar Foundation created the Migrant Workers Welfare Charter, which applies minimum requirements with respect to the recruitment, living and working conditions, as well as the general treatment of workers engaged in construction and other projects. The mandatory standards will be incorporated into agreements between Qatar Foundation and all its contractors, who are required to comply with the requirements and rules. Contractors and sub-contractors found to be violating the regulations have been blacklisted from future tenders. 1448: 816:

within the span of a few weeks around September 2013, and thousands more were enduring appalling labour abuses. According to their analysis, current construction practices will have resulted in over 4,000 deaths by the time of the 2022 event. This figure is denied by the Qatari authorities, who argue that it is misleading since it includes all causes of death in a population of close to one million and over an eight-year period. As of December 2013, FIFA has investigated but taken no action to force Qatar to improve worker conditions.

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non-Muslims. Upon occasion, an employer can reward a good and longstanding worker who has benefited the company in a major way by ensuring a work and residence permit for them, but this is annually renewable until the employee's 60th birthday, and only in exceptional circumstances could this be extended to reside indefinitely in Qatar (although never attaining citizenship). Children of foreigners born in Qatar have to assume their parents' nationality; if one parent is Qatari, there is a path to citizenship, but it is not immediate.

721:, but some reforms introduced in September 2020 extend to all workers, including those for ending employment contracts and changing jobs. Qatar is also a destination for women who migrate for legitimate purposes and subsequently become involved in prostitution, but the extent to which these women are subjected to forced prostitution is unknown. Some of these victims may be runaway domestic workers who have fallen prey to forced prostitution by individuals who exploit their illegal status. 665: 912:, men and women who are lured into Qatar by promises of high wages are often forced into underpaid labour. The report states that Qatari laws against forced labour are rarely enforced, and that labour laws often result in the detention of victims in deportation centers, pending the completion of legal proceedings. The report places Qatar at tier 3, as one of the countries that neither satisfies the minimum standards, nor demonstrates significant efforts to come into compliance. 698:

payment, charging workers for benefits which are nominally the responsibility of the amir, severe restrictions on freedom of movement (such as the confiscation of passports, travel documents, or exit permits), arbitrary detention, threats of legal action, and sexual assault. Many migrant workers arriving for work in Qatar have paid exorbitant fees to recruiters in their home countries – a practice that makes workers highly vulnerable to forced labour once in Qatar.

50: 1326: 7330: 247: 872:. This system gives the network (in this case the contractor) the power to decide the treatment of the migrant workers and how they operate. The government does not get involved in the treatment. Workers were given dirty living conditions with 12 to one room and were often left with no food or pay. FIFA has changed executive members and added more people to their committee because of what has happened in Qatar. 7340: 628:(a man-made island near Doha) were allowed to serve alcoholic drinks, but they were then told to stop selling alcohol. No explanation was given for the ban. Speculation about the reason includes the government's desire to project a more pious image in advance of the country's first election of a royal advisory body, and rumours of a financial dispute between the government and the resort's developers. 3295:"Certain provisions of the Criminal Code allow punishments such as flogging and stoning to be imposed as criminal sanctions by judicial and administrative authorities. These practices constitute a breach of the obligations imposed by the Convention. The Committee notes with interest that authorities are presently considering amendments to the Prison Act that would abolish flogging." (Par. 12) 729: 4174: 3336: 892:, in two different investigations on the working conditions of migrant workers, it was found that 94% of workers in Qatar are foreign nationals. Journalists found their conditions far below human standards. The workers were placed in poor communities, often without basic amenities such as running water, sewage or electricity. 1245:

The majority of workers who control the forward progression of advancements of Qatar do not speak the national language. Migrant labor workers are the backbone of the country and those who are in charge of them probably cannot even communicate with them. The language barriers also create cultural and

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Laws passed in 2021 state that only those who have Qatari nationality since birth and are naturalized citizens with a Qatari grandparent can vote. Only those whose nationality is originally Qatari can run in elections. The migrant workers that make up the majority of Qatar are not considered citizens

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vote and may run for public office. Qatar enfranchised women at the same time as men in connection with the May 1999 elections for a Central Municipal Council. It was the first Arab country in the Persian Gulf to allow women the right to vote. These elections—the first ever in Qatar—were deliberately

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In October 2017, Human Rights Watch praised Qatar's commitment to developing laws in line with international labour standards and the guidance of the International Labour Organization. Human Rights Watch said that Qatar had conducted a series of significant labour reforms to institute a minimum wage,

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and introduced labor reforms. Under these reforms workers can change jobs without employer’s permission and are now paid a basic minimum wage regardless of their nationality. The basic minimum wage is set at 1,000 QAR. Allowances for food and accommodation must be provided by employers, which are 300

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sentences are not given in Qatar, though Amnesty International reports unnamed "foreign nationals" being given flogging sentences as a punishment for alcohol consumption or illicit sexual relations. The US Department of State reported that in 2019 there were 375 cases of flogging as a punishment. In

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A cyber law which passed in late September 2014 severely limited freedom of speech and freedom of expression rights, granting the government and authorities the ability to punish "content that may harm the country" with jail time of up to three years, and fines around 500,000 QR. The law states that

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Qatar is predominantly made up of foreigners who do not speak the national languages, and they will have trouble in receiving treatment since they cannot voice their issues. Because of the language barrier patients might receive incorrect treatment or the wrong treatment for their ailment, which can

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The fears concerning Noof Al Maadeed's safety heightened when she spoke of receiving threats on October 13 and mysteriously vanished after returning to Qatar from the UK. Rumours suggested that she had been killed in government custody. The female Qatari activist later appeared in a series of videos

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In a US State Department's report in 2021, Qatar government showcased an increase in its anti-trafficking capacity and was upgraded to a Tier-2 level nation. The strategies included reporting its first forced labour conviction under the anti-trafficking law, identifying victims and referring them to

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becoming the destination for the 2022 World Cup escalated the issue of human rights for migrant workers. Between 500,000 and 1.5 million migrant workers were employed to build the stadium. About 1,200 migrants died during the project between 2010 and 2013. The Qatar government did not take ownership

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published reports showing that unpaid migrant workers were left to go hungry. According to the report, workers are being "treated like cattle." According to a report by the Guardian, based on documents obtained at the Nepalese embassy in Qatar, dozens of Nepalese migrant labourers had died in Qatar

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In 2019, a Qatari diplomat working as a medical attaché since 2007 at the Qatar embassy in London was accused of racially discriminating against pensioner working at the embassy and treating him like his "personal slave". The diplomat, Abdullah Al Ansari, accepted that Mohamoud Ahmed, the pensioner,

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Like other Persian Gulf nations, Qatar has sponsorship laws, which have been widely criticised as "modern-day slavery." Under the provisions of Qatar's sponsorship law, sponsors have the unilateral power to cancel workers' residency permits, deny workers' ability to change employers, report a worker

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between consenting adults (regardless of gender) in Qatar is illegal, and subject to a sentence of up to five years in prison. The law is silent about sodomy between consenting female adults. Sexual orientation and gender identity are not covered in any civil rights laws and there is no recognition

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In July 2020, Qatar International Centre for Conciliation and Arbitration (QICCA) board member for International Relations Sheikh Dr Thani bin Ali al-Thani claimed that Qatar’s legislation and laws “highly support sophisticated media activity,” guarantee freedom of opinion and expression, press and

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Qatari women convicted for "illicit relations" (sex outside marriage) may be imprisoned for up to seven years, although usually the courts decide on one year. It is often poor domestic workers from South-east Asian countries who are convicted, even when they have been raped if the judge thinks they

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Both Qatari and non-Qatari women are affected by a widening wage gap. They are paid 25% to 50% less than men, despite the fact that their working hours are comparable. The difference is due in part to the social allowances by government afforded to men as household heads, such as housing and travel

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In 2018, Sheikh Tamim passed Law No. 13 of 2018, abolishing exit visas for roughly 95% of the country's migrant workers. The remaining 5% of workers, which amount to approximately 174,000 people, still require their employer's permission to exit the country. While stating that more needs to be done

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The Government states that it is doing a good job with regards to human rights and treatment of labourers. The National Human Rights Commission (NHRC) was established in 2002 to safeguard and consolidate human rights for everyone subject to the jurisdiction under the state. In a bid to combat Human

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Under Sharia Law, homosexuality in Qatar is punishable by death penalty for Muslims. The Amnesty International Report 2008 stated there were no executions for convictions of sexual offences in recent years in Qatar. According to the 2016 ILGA report, the death penalty for same-sex sexual behaviour

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in Qatar. Observers were not allowed to enter the court, and al-Ajami himself was not present at the sentencing. All the information available points to Mohammed al-Ajami being a prisoner of conscience who had been placed behind bars solely for his words. Al-Ajami was released from prison in March

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A number of women have fled Qatar for the UK because of abuse. For example, Noof Al Maadeed left for the UK because her parents tried to force her to get married against her will. Another lady, Aisha Al Qahtani fled because her father is a senior military officer who abused her and there is little

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are jailed. Non-citizens who are forced to have sponsors are usually denied the right to leave Qatar and are therefore forced to seek refuge and counsel from their embassy. Despite the effort of embassies, many still land in jail. According to Najeeb al-Nuaimi, a criminal lawyer and former justice

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and, in some instances, prostitution. Most of these people voluntarily migrate to Qatar as low-skilled labourers or domestic servants, but are subsequently subjected to conditions indicative of involuntary servitude. Some of the more common labour rights violations include beatings, withholding of

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drafted out a report that claimed the nation’s initiatives in labor market by allowing migrant workers to change job without employer permission and setting a higher and non-discriminatory minimum wage. Also the report included data regarding enforcement of rudimentary midday summer working hours

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was founded in 2002 with the responsibility of overseeing and carrying out investigations on human rights abuses in the country. Their methods of advancing the country's standards of human rights include contributing to research programs related to human rights, conducting studies, and providing

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The situation has long been debated, with especially younger Qataris questioning the restrictive laws, but analysts have suggested that as Qatar's economy becomes less dependent on oil, things might change, as "Qatar will need to attract long-term residents who can contribute to the tax base and

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The Qatari government is keen to maintain things as they are, and are concerned about a change in its conservative cultural values, so there are few ways to achieve citizenship through naturalisation. One way is through marriage to a Qatari citizen, but this does not guarantee it, especially for

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Over 100,000 workers were brought into the country to build Ras Laffan. An estimated 1 million workers, with Qatar's total population being 2 million, are currently living in Qatar helping to build the country. In 1995, when Sheikh Hamad took control, the total migrant population was around

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Qatar Airways, the country's national airline, has long been criticised for its treatment of its lower level employees including flight attendants. Abuses include firing employees without apparent reason, low wages, overworking hours. Employees have been reported to be unlawfully detained by the

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Studies have been done on the three groups that make up Qatar, which are the labor migrants, white collar migrants, and non-migrants. The odds of depression are significantly increased in the labor migrant and white-collar migrant groups compared to the non-migrant group. One of the explaining

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Some individuals after resigning have not been issued with exit permits, denying them the right to leave the country. Many sponsors do not allow the transfer of one employee to another sponsor. This does not apply to special sponsorship of a Qatar Financial Center-sponsored worker, where it is

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as domestic workers and labourers, and, to a lesser extent, commercial sexual exploitation. The most common offence was forcing workers to accept worse contract terms than those under which they were recruited. Other offences include bonded labour, withholding of pay, restrictions on movement,

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In May 2014, Ali bin Samikh al-Marri, Chairman of Qatar's National Human Rights Committee (NHRC), said that Doha had officially announced the end of the current sponsorship system, and had passed a new law replacing it with a new one in which contracts are signed between the workers and their

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A problem in Qatar is a stigma behind mental health issues and how they are dealt with. Breaking new ground, Qatar joined the WHO's Mental Health Action Plan, which spanned 2013–2020. This plan, "recognizes the essential role of mental health in achieving health for all people" (World Health

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The campaign group Migrant Rights said the new minimum wage was too low to meet migrant workers' need with Qatar's high cost of living. Employers are obligated to pay 300 riyals for food and 500 riyals for accommodation, if they do not provide employees with these directly. The No Objection

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Migrant women are typically seen as a "dual minority" because of their gender and foreignness. According to a real account from a female migrant worker, "I felt estranged twice, one for not being a man, secondly for not being able to become one of the Arabs". These women have created a new

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In terms of basic human rights, people of Qatar face obstacles in communication and connection from language barriers. Not everyone in Qatar speaks Arabic and there is a heavy population of migrant workers that speak other languages; basic human rights are affected because of this lack of

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The Supreme Committee for Delivery and Legacy, the 2022 World Cup organising committee, followed this measure in mid-2014 with its own regulations and blacklisted a number of companies. A BBC reporting crew was jailed for two days without charge, after attempting to meet migrant workers.

1060:(19.1%) are the most frequent cases seen. In undergraduate schooling for medical professions such as doctors and nurses, only 3% of training is dedicated to psychiatry, mental health, and other things related. There are a projected 13.5 mental health professionals per 100,000 population. 845:

In January 2022, the National Human Rights Committee (NHRC) launched "Together We Work" campaign to spread the awareness about knowledge of workers' rights and duties. The campaign highlighted legal amendments in Qatar legislation which affirmed the protection of workers' rights.

949:. The sponsor has the right to ban the employee from entering Qatar within 2–5 years of his first departure. Various governmental sponsors have exercised their right to prevent employees from leaving the country, effectively holding them against their will for no good reason. 865:

of these deaths. Migrant workers involved in the world cup were forced into labor, some human trafficked, and kept against their will. Conditions of labor and number of wages was exaggerated to attract laborers; this requirement practice was not regulated by any organization.

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classification term, FW-W for "foreign working-woman". The overlap of these identities cause this group of women to slip through the cracks unnoticed. Foreign women make up about 20 per cent of the total population and they outnumber female citizens by a ratio of nearly 1:4.

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In January 2020, Qatar ended its exit visas requirement under the kafala system for all migrant workers. The ILO welcomed the move and appreciated the Qatari government, saying, "The removal of exit permits is an important milestone in the government's labour reform agenda".

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Apart from fear of cultural influences, there are concerns about increased expenditure on new citizens; the government provides free education, healthcare, and housing loans for all of its citizens. Another concern is the maintenance of Qatar's political system, based on

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In November 2017, Qatar and the International Labour Organization started a technical cooperation programme to improve working conditions and labour rights. The ILO opened its first project office in Qatar on 30 April 2018 to support the implementation of the programme.

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Still awaiting reform is the unfair situation caused by the requirement that it is the employers of migrant workers who enable their entry, residence, and employment permits, but it is the workers who are punished if the employer fails to do the necessary paperwork.

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In 2014, Qatar launched a modesty campaign to remind tourists of the modest dress code. Female tourists are advised not to wear leggings, miniskirts, sleeveless dresses and short or tight clothing in public. Men are advised against wearing only shorts and singlets.

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Amid constant human rights criticisms, Qatar introduced migrant reforms that are applied to workers of all sections, including domestic workers, regardless of their nationality. These new reforms came into effect from March 2021. In August 2020 Qatar abolished the

1217:, and elsewhere. Out of this migrant population, over half of them have strong depression-like symptoms. With all of these different cultural backgrounds coming together, migrant workers most likely feel lost and have troubling finding a place in their life. 748:. Along with 4.25 square metres of living space per person, the residential project will provide recreational areas and services for labourers. Phase one of the project is set to be completed at the end of 2008 while all phases will be complete by mid 2010. 714:

as "absconded" to police authorities, and deny permission to leave the country. As a result, sponsors may restrict workers' movements and workers may be afraid to report abuses or claim their rights, which contribute to their forced labour situation.

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In 2016, Polish Instagram star and model King Luxy was arrested and held for two months in Qatar for numerous charges, including extortion, blackmail, and cyber assault. Luxy claimed he was arrested for "wearing makeup on Snapchat and Instagram".

744:'s Labor camps, and aims to provide a reasonable standard of living as defined by the new Human Rights Legislation. The overall cost of the project is estimated at around $ 1.1 billion and will be an integrated city in the Industrial area of 884:

Qatar introduced a wage protection system to ensure the employers are complying with the reforms. The wage protection system monitors the workers in the private sector. This new system has reduced wage abuses and disputes among migrant labours.

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trafficking, Sheikha Mozah bint Nasser Al-Missned established the Qatar Foundation on Combating Human Trafficking (QFCHT). To promote more awareness in this area, the Ritz-Carlton Doha, created the World's largest Cake for the QFCHT Sculpture.

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consumption is partially legal in Qatar; some five-star luxury hotels are allowed to sell alcohol to their non-Muslim customers. Muslims are not allowed to consume alcohol in Qatar, and Muslims caught consuming alcohol are liable to

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any religion other than Islam can be punished by up to 10 years in prison. Homosexuality is a crime punishable in sharia by the death penalty for Muslims, though in Qatar the penalty for consenting males is up to 5 years in prison.

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to protect the rights of Qatar's workers, Stephen Cockburn of Amnesty claimed that the Amir had taken an "important first step towards meeting the authorities' promise to fundamentally reform the exploitative sponsorship system".

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Qatar is not as current as it could be with mental health services. In 2014, about 0.36% of the healthcare budget was spent on mental health services, which is seven times lower than the median for upper-middle-income nations.

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In August 2015, the Ministry of Labour announced that all companies in Qatar would be required to pay their employees by electronic transfers. The rule is aimed at contractors who withhold salaries or make late payments.

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is used in Qatar as a punishment for alcohol consumption or illicit sexual relations. According to Amnesty International, in 2012 at least six foreign nationals were sentenced to floggings of either 40 or 100 lashes.

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as a significant change, as it underpins the system of forced labour. Although domestic servants are not covered by general labour laws, the new rules about changing jobs and terminating contracts apply to them also.

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employers. The exit permit was replaced with a new electronic system that will be managed by the Interior Ministry. The consequences of employers violating this system are subject to a fine of nearly $ 15,000.

3478:. According to the source at zawya.com, the web link "...is the unofficial translation by The Peninsula team of the 57-page Arabic text of the report released by the National Human Rights Committee yesterday." 981:. The ILO said that Qatar is always seeking to be an ideal model for workers' rights. Human Rights Watch called on Gulf countries to follow the example of Qatar and to enhance the situation of migrant labour. 7675: 1428:

had large empty areas in the newspaper with a note that the offending articles had been "exceptionally removed". Eight out of nine articles that were censored were on issues affecting the LGBT communities.

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An April 2022 report by the Federation of American scientists, observed that women in Qatar drive and own property, after reforms made in 2018, enabling women to work in government and the private sector.

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was consecrated in Doha. However, in keeping with the need to be discreet, no missionaries are allowed and the church will not have any bells, crosses or other overtly Christian signs on its exterior.

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ethnic divides. About 90% of Qatar's population is made of non-citizens. Qatar has the highest population of migrants in the world and 94% of its economically active population are not Qatari natives.

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In the October 2, 2021, Shura Council elections no women candidates were elected but the Amir included two women among his 15 appointments to the Council for the first time in Shura Council’s history.

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April 2013, a Muslim expatriate was sentenced to 40 lashes for alcohol consumption. In June 2014, a Muslim expatriate was sentenced to 40 lashes for consuming alcohol and driving under the influence.

4483: 3159: 2888: 6294: 4296:. According to zawya.com, the web link "is the unofficial translation by The Peninsula team of the 57-page Arabic text of the report released by the National Human Rights Committee yesterday." 1463:

law as the basis of its criminal and civil regulations. However, some measure of religious toleration is granted. Foreign workers, and tourists, are free to affiliate with other faiths, i.e.

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minister of Qatar, many women are able to avoid or be released from prison by marrying the father of their baby, at which point the woman is allowed to leave the country with her husband.

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concluded that hundreds of thousands of mostly South Asian migrant workers in construction in Qatar risk serious exploitation and abuse, sometimes amounting to forced labour. In 2020,

5838: 1487: 566:, a government-appointed organisation, was established to supposedly investigate abuses. Codified family law was introduced in 2006. In practice, Qatar's legal system is a mixture of 2992: 7850: 7472: 7553: 2935: 2910: 1353:

the authority may in each individual case judge whether the content is suitable or not. No guidelines or references are currently available to say what type of content is allowed.

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Two laws protecting workers' rights, which included clauses on maximum working hours and rights to annual leave, were passed in August 2017. In November 2017, the United Nations'

853:, FIFA President Gianni Infantino said, “I am pleased to see the strong commitment from the Qatari authorities to ensure the reforms are fully implemented across labor market”. 1027:

said "Qatar is the first country in the region to introduce a non-discriminatory minimum wage, which is a part of a series of historical reforms of the country's labour laws,"

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In common with other Arab countries of the Persian Gulf, employment sponsorship laws exist in Qatar. These laws have been widely described as akin to modern-day slavery. The

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Out of the population of about 2.7 million, about 2 million are men and the rest are female. Over 90% of the population of Qatar are not actually Qatari. Workers come from

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Organization). In Qatar, mental health typically has a stigma around it, and this was the first time the Qatar government played an active role in mental health awareness.

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and lived in Qatar for a minimum of 25 years consecutively, may win citizenship if approved by the Emir. Elite athletes, recruited by the state in order to compete in the

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On 16 March 2022, FIFA and Qatar's Ministry of Labour met in order to discuss the reforms taking place in Qatar's labour market. According to the latest report drafted by

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Labour reforms were introduced in September 2020, including allowing for migrant workers to change their jobs without first obtaining permission from their employer. The

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Certificate was removed so that employees can change jobs without consent of the current employer. A Minimum Wage Committee was formed to check on the implementation.

3654: 461:. Qatari law also does not permit the establishment of political bodies or trade unions. Awareness of human rights abuses in Qatar grew internationally after Qatar's 2498: 1517:

from other countries, and often starved to keep their body weight down. The sport is a dangerous one, with the danger of hurt in a fall or being trampled underfoot.

1541:. One of its main missions is to prepare answers on the claims or reports of foreign countries and organisations on the situation of human rights inside the state. 5816: 562:, a woman's testimony is worth half a man's and in some cases a female and male testimony is not accepted at all if the witness is not deemed reliable. In 2002, a 4387: 1161:

A source briefed on the situation told AFP that Qatari authorities were providing assistance to Maadeed, who was being cared for at a safe, undisclosed location.

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The Department for Human Rights at the Ministry of Labour, and the National Committee for Human Rights are responsible for the monitoring of abuses in Qatar.

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Plüss, Caroline (July 2006). "Becoming different while becoming the same: Re-territorializing Islamic identities with multi-ethnic practices in Hong Kong".

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was raised, which would apply to workers of all nationalities. The ability to change jobs, which effectively dismantles the kafala system, was described by

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would perform tasks such as fetching Al Ansari's shopping, dropping off his dry cleaning and picking up his children from school during the week.

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Domestic servants are particularly vulnerable to trafficking since they are isolated inside homes and are not covered under the provisions of the

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Kemp, Linzi J.; Rickett, Bridgette (7 November 2017). "The lived experiences of foreign women: Influences on their international working lives".

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carry a possible death sentence. However, the most recent executions that took place in Qatar were both for murder (in March 2003 and May 2020).

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Labor force participation for women in Qatar is roughly 51%, which is higher than the world average, and is the highest rate in the Arab world.

7601: 7591: 7499: 7264: 6495: 2758:"In Dialogue with Qatar, Experts of the Human Rights Committee Commend Legislative Revision Efforts and Ask about Stance on Capital Punishment" 232: 5555:"Patient Perspectives on Language Discordance During Healthcare Visits: Findings From the Extremely High-Density Multicultural State of Qatar" 5282: 4761: 7680: 7581: 5886: 5835: 5756: 4637: 4337: 3880: 3632: 1317:(unlawful sexual intercourse such as adultery and bestiality) can be sentenced to flogging. Non-Muslims can face imprisonment in such cases. 320: 6153: 1008:

In April 2020, the government of Qatar provided $ 824 million to pay the wages of migrant workers in quarantine or undergoing treatment for

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encouraged and regulated that sponsorship should be uninhibited and assistance should be given to allow for such transfers of sponsorship.

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According to Article 1: Qatar is an independent Arab country. Islam is its religion and Sharia law is the main source of its legislation.

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Abdelrahim, Huda; Elnashar, Maha; Khidir, Amal; Killawi, Amal; Hammoud, Maya; Al-Khal, Abdul Latif; Fetters, Michael D. (3 April 2017).

5182: 3096: 3006: 1538: 282: 3540: 1497:, which is an offence subject to the death penalty, Qatar has not imposed any penalty for this offence since its independence in 1971. 7779: 7455: 6261: 5032: 2639: 4985: 7814: 7054: 6458: 4159: 3321: 1456: 1024: 934:) exists throughout the GCC, apart from Bahrain, and means that a worker (not a tourist) may not enter the country without having a 909: 770: 128: 7450: 4586: 4283: 3971:"World Cup 2022 and Qatar's construction projects: Relational power in networks and relational responsibilities to migrant workers" 3465: 1023:

275), an increase from the previous temporary minimum wage of 750 riyals a month. The new laws went into effect in March 2021. The

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Crenshaw, Kimberle (July 1991). "Mapping the Margins: Intersectionality, Identity Politics, and Violence against Women of Color".

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airline without charge. Deportations by the airline of its employees to their home countries without reason have been reported.

7445: 7411: 7385: 7259: 7164: 3808: 2529: 2450: 408: 220: 215: 210: 205: 200: 6205: 5175:"Human rights groups call on Qatar to stop criminalising sex outside marriage after treatment of women on Sydney-bound flight" 7886: 7643: 7628: 7576: 6626: 5070: 3680: 3233: 151: 144: 6548: 6025:"Refworld | Qatar: Situation of sexual minorities, including social attitudes and treatment by authorities (2014-July 2016)" 2924:

https://www.ohchr.org/en/news/2022/03/dialogue-qatar-experts-human-rights-committee-commend-legislative-revision-efforts-and

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Qatar is a destination for men and women from South Asia and Southeast Asia who migrate willingly, but are subsequently

644: 388: 188: 158: 5254: 4457: 4383: 3751:"Revealed: Qatar's World Cup 'slaves', Exclusive: Abuse and exploitation of migrant workers preparing emirate for 2022" 546:

is a main source of Qatari legislation, according to Qatar's constitution. Sharia is applied to statutes pertaining to

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The government maintains that it is setting the benchmark when it comes to human rights and treatment of labourers.

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gay and transgender rights coverage published from April to July 2018 were censored in Qatar. The Doha edition of

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In 2021 the Foreign Ministry issued guidance for citizens travelling abroad with servants, nannies or drivers.

567: 520: 99: 5993: 5966: 5856: 4561: 3123: 1336:

is the political right to communicate one's opinions and ideas. A life sentence was handed to the Qatari poet

4535: 3260: 3160:"Debate Questions Emir's Powers To Shape Qatar's Positioning As Sports Hub And Sponsor of Revolts – Analysis" 2805: 7665: 7586: 7489: 7401: 7229: 7144: 7124: 7009: 6999: 6563: 6553: 6432: 6320: 3037: 2695: 2539: 261: 6376: 5660: 4311: 3408: 3032: 7531: 7519: 7484: 7479: 7467: 7406: 7274: 7209: 7174: 7109: 7089: 7079: 7039: 7024: 7019: 6634: 6585: 5202: 4254: 3567: 3070: 2740: 2574: 1586: 1184: 504: 310: 6206:"Law No. 39 of 2005 Organising the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Assigning its Competencies (Repealed)" 5099: 5047: 3282: 7830: 7650: 7548: 7541: 7514: 7418: 7315: 7234: 7194: 7149: 7084: 7059: 7049: 7034: 6831: 6776: 6670: 6621: 6481: 5823: 5071:"Labor force participation rate, female (% of female population ages 15+) (modeled ILO estimate) - Data" 2631: 1341: 1333: 889: 812: 508: 66: 6404: 3915:"Leveraging the World Cup: Mega Sporting Events, Human Rights Risk, and Worker Welfare Reform in Qatar" 2604: 1480: 4957:

Lambert, Jennifer (Spring 2011). "Political Reform in Qatar: Participation, Legitimacy and Security".

4484:"Technical cooperation between ILO and Qatar on workers rights; threat of Commission of Inquiry eases" 7855: 7840: 7655: 7494: 7440: 7423: 7154: 7119: 7074: 7069: 6978: 6722: 6712: 6686: 6524: 6348: 5738: 5712: 5554: 4746: 1558: 1398: 1086: 1020: 775:

The construction boom in Qatar began well in advance of Qatar winning the hosting rights to the 2022

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Qatar has the death penalty, primarily for espionage, or other threats against national security.

7751: 6781: 6745: 6661: 6536: 5788: 5634: 5590: 5450: 5407: 4995: 4855: 4348: 4196: 3998: 3944: 3264: 1415: 1142: 1134: 997: 706: 702: 693:, expatriate workers from nations throughout Asia and parts of Africa are routinely subjected to 601: 532: 519:

laws exist to punish offenders, for both males and females. Qatar's legal system is a mixture of

433: 369: 174: 6109: 6071: 5228:"Qatar says those behind search of Australian women at Doha airport committed 'illegal actions'" 4224: 3234:"The UN Committee against Torture: Human Rights Monitoring and the Legal Recognition of Cruelty" 2733: 1015:

In August 2020, the Qatari government announced a monthly minimum wage for all workers of 1,000

5778: 5613:""Blue-Collar Workplace Communicative Practices: A Case Study in Construction Sites in Qatar."" 3518: 3380: 3315: 2989:"Religious law, prison for "blasphemy", severe sexual inequalilty: Qatar's human rights review" 6871: 6826: 6803: 6675: 6665: 6639: 6604: 6590: 5582: 5574: 5442: 5399: 5364: 5028: 4936: 4918: 4837: 4819: 4410:"Qatar: Partial abolition of 'exit permit' lifts travel restrictions for most migrant workers" 4151: 3990: 3936: 2940: 2543: 1514: 1494: 1337: 1325: 1230:

communication. For instance, access to health care is impacted. A patient that does not speak

1141:

In October 2020, several women who were boarding flights from Doha were taken away to undergo

1124: 800: 488: 454: 359: 33: 3100: 6920: 6901: 6818: 6700: 6616: 6519: 5624: 5566: 5434: 5391: 5354: 5346: 5048:"Two Local Newcomers, including Qatar's First Female Judge, Added to Arab Women Power List." 4966: 4926: 4910: 4827: 4811: 3982: 3926: 3256: 3248: 1231: 828: 824: 680: 625: 472: 374: 115: 17: 6257: 4899:"Depression in migrant workers and nationals of Qatar: An exploratory cross-cultural study" 4361: 3970: 2636: 7660: 6866: 6856: 6846: 6841: 6786: 6717: 6096: 5842: 5820: 5800: 5209: 5106: 5054: 5007: 4344: 4191: 4097: 3755: 3720: 3213: 2719: 2643: 2486:

In condemning Qatar, we should remember that the population of this authoritarian monarchy

1096:. She is a law school graduate from Qatar University and was sworn into the post in 2010. 1045: 737: 669: 500: 492: 484: 437: 354: 315: 1451:

Qatar's first Catholic church is not permitted to have Christian symbols on its exterior.

1329:

A demonstration held for Mohammed al-Ajami outside the Qatari embassy in Washington, D.C.

4362:"Qatar: Two new laws on migrant workers signal degree of progress but major gaps remain" 4279: 3544: 3461: 6936: 6891: 6881: 6876: 6851: 6808: 6771: 6735: 6568: 5910:"Qatar's legislations guarantee freedom of opinion and expression, says QICCA official" 4931: 4898: 4832: 4799: 2936:"Special report: The punishment was death by stoning. The crime? Having a mobile phone" 2765: 2534: 1537:

Law 39, issued in 2005, stipulated the formation of a "bureau for human rights" in the

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Qatari contracting agency Barwa is building a residential area for labourers known as

7880: 7623: 7333: 6861: 6580: 6428: 6400: 6372: 6344: 6316: 6283: 5638: 5411: 4970: 4510:"New labour laws in Qatar benefiting migrant workers a 'momentous step forward': ILO" 4178: 4002: 3948: 3340: 3268: 2674: 2578: 1562: 1522: 978: 923: 877: 869: 694: 635:

As of 2014, certain provisions of the Qatari Criminal Code allow punishments such as

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in construction in Qatar risk serious exploitation and abuse, sometimes amounting to

349: 93: 5594: 1521:

created by a Swiss company were introduced to use instead of children when the then

6727: 6072:"Teen Instagram Star Jailed in Qatar for Two Months, Claims it was for 'Being Gay'" 5682: 5232: 3863:"World Cup 2022 host Qatar to start enforcing Wage Protection System from November" 3835: 1518: 1510: 1291: 1016: 993: 559: 555: 496: 7354: 5570: 3687: 647:

found that these practices constituted a breach of the obligations imposed by the

5022: 4458:"ILO Governing Body welcomes Qatar's commitment to bolster migrant worker rights" 4384:"ILO Governing Body welcomes Qatar's commitment to bolster migrant worker rights" 2959: 651:. Qatar retains the death penalty, mainly for threats against national security. 7741: 7393: 7343: 6050:"EXCLUSIVE: Under World Cup spotlight, Qataris crack down on LGBT news coverage" 6024: 3655:"Foreign Ministry provides guidance to Qatari citizens wishing to travel abroad" 2779: 1202: 610: 551: 524: 54: 49: 5629: 5612: 5494: 4509: 3931: 3914: 3208: 740:(also called Workers City). The project was launched after a recent scandal in 436:(HRW), which reported in 2012 that hundreds of thousands of mostly South Asian 6836: 5395: 4815: 3492: 3285:(Report). UN Committee Against Torture. 25 July 2006. U.N. Doc. CAT/C/QAT/CO/1 1464: 1272: 1198: 804: 796: 792: 718: 547: 480: 5578: 5446: 5403: 5368: 5123: 4922: 4914: 4823: 3994: 3986: 3940: 2547: 7756: 5653:"Qatar: Death Penalty, Firas Nassuh Salim Al-Majali – Amnesty International" 5213: 5110: 5057: 4124:"Qatar Accused of Human Rights Violations in Preparation for 2022 World Cup" 3187:"'Leggings Are Not Pants' Qatar's New Modesty Campaign Aimed at Westerners'" 1476: 1276: 1210: 977:

to allow independent experts to monitor labour practices, and to reform the

820: 728: 590: 5586: 4940: 4841: 3603:"Glass ceiling in the sky: Qatar Airways' problem with pregnant cabin crew" 1483:, as long as they are discreet and do not offend public order or morality. 5100:"Report: Qatar's Gender Wage Gap Widens Considerably over 10-year-period." 4587:"Qatar to pay sick worker's wages amid labour-camp lockdowns - News - GCR" 3716:"Qatar 2022 World Cup workers 'treated like cattle', Amnesty report finds" 2866: 5495:""Qatar Monthly Statistics." Planning and Statistics Authority Home Page" 5145:"Qatar emir appoints two women to advisory council after men sweep polls" 1382: 1302: 1261: 1206: 1009: 636: 606: 586: 574: 528: 450: 5268: 558:(including adultery, robbery and murder). In some cases in Sharia-based 7670: 6947: 6798: 6180: 6108:

U.S. Department of State, Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights and Labor.

5971: 5454: 5359: 5350: 5203:"Facing Jail, Unmarried Pregnant Women in Qatar Left with Hard Choices. 3252: 1284: 1280: 1268: 640: 582: 581:

According to the Qatari delegation at a Human Rights Committee Review,

5857:"Qatari poet accused of insulting emir freed after 4 years, U.N. says" 4689: 1267:

Others crimes like murder, violent robbery resulting in death, arson,

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is a concern for several non-governmental organisations, such as the

6464:

Broken promises: Qatar's migrant workers caught in the kafala system

6321:"Freedom in the World 2013: Democratic Breakthroughs in the Balance" 5438: 2470:"The objections to Qatar hosting the World Cup reek of Eurocentrism" 1459:, with 76% of its population adhering to Islam. The government uses 945:

permission. An exit permit must first be awarded by the sponsor, or

783:

took control of Qatar from his father in 1995 he opened Qatar up to

6459:

Qatar's foreign domestic workers subjected to slave-like conditions

2885:"Qatar court orders lashing of Muslim barber over drinking alcohol" 585:

is no longer a legal punishment in Qatar, and has never been used.

7789: 6504: 5255:"Fears mount for missing Qatari activist under threat from family" 3575: 1472: 1460: 1446: 1385:

under the Qatari flag, have been granted citizenship in the past.

1324: 1214: 1194: 1190: 861: 741: 727: 663: 6473: 5469:"National population by emirate and sex, 2010 mid year estimates" 4177:

This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the

3831:"Workers' group calls FIFA sponsors responsible for Qatar abuses" 3784:"Qatar outraged by Washington Post 'myth' about World Cup deaths" 3339:

This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the

1313:

can face imprisonment of up to three years. Muslims convicted of

3543:. The Peninsula via iLoveQatar.net. 18 June 2008. Archived from 2903:"Indian expat sentenced to 40 lashes in Qatar for drink-driving" 1314: 850: 745: 673: 487:

countries, have little to no rights and often become victims of

7358: 6951: 6477: 4098:"Qatar: 'Treat us like we are human': Migrant workers in Qatar" 1108:

allotments, which female employees are less likely to receive.

964:(ILO) praised Qatar's commitment to workers rights protection. 3809:"Qatar commits to new welfare standards for World Cup workers" 1407:

of same-sex marriages, civil unions or domestic partnerships.

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The Glass Palace: Illusions of Freedom and Democracy in Qatar

4306:

United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (4 June 2008).

3633:"Qatari diplomat treated pensioner like his 'personal slave'" 1505:

Until 2005, children as young as four years old were used as

905:

arbitrary detention, and physical, mental, and sexual abuse.

503:

in general are also highly restrictive in Qatar, such as the

5309:"Qatar says activist 'safe' as rights group raises concerns" 4308:"Refworld | Trafficking in Persons Report 2008 – Qatar" 1557:

The following chart shows Qatar's ratings since 1972 in the

6469:

Amnesty International 2016/17 report on Qatari Human Rights

5283:"Activist Noof al-Maadeed 'confined' by Qatari authorities" 4638:"GCO highlights various labour reforms introduced by Qatar" 4338:"Qatar Finalising New Sponsorship Law for Foreign Workers." 5269:"Qatari woman still feels unsafe despite fleeing violence" 4663: 2575:"14 reasons the Qatar World Cup is going to be a disaster" 1389:

support what will eventually become an aging population".

5909: 2530:"Qatar Can't Hide Its Abuses by Calling Criticism Racist" 6111:

International Religious Freedom Report for 2012: Qatar 2

5883:"Qatar's cybercrime law moves forward despite criticism" 4762:"Qatar sets minimum wage, removes NOC for changing jobs" 2960:"2007 Country Reports on Human Rights Practices - Qatar" 908:

According to the "Trafficking in Persons" report by the

868:

Contractors advertise the work and rates.Qatar uses the

5967:"Qatar's recruited athletes stir debate on citizenship" 4800:"Mental health strategy and impact evaluation in Qatar" 4158:. Office to Monitor and Combat Trafficking in Persons, 4043:"Fifa faces legal challenge over Qatar migrant workers" 3541:"Qatar: National Human Rights Committee Support Expats" 3320:. Office to Monitor and Combat Trafficking in Persons, 3209:"Qatar launches tourist modesty scheme on social media" 2845:"Qatar sentences man to 40 lashes for drinking alcohol" 7851:

Human rights violations against Palestinians by Israel

4742:"Qatar Extends Minimum Wage To All As World Cup Looms" 3007:"What are the worst countries in the world to be gay?" 4562:"UN Body Welcomes 'Milestone' in Qatar Labor Reforms" 4432:"Human Rights Watch lauds Qatar's new labour reforms" 4282:. Qatar National Human Rights Committee. 3 May 2006. 3515:"Qatar – Biggest cake to find place in Guinness Book" 3464:. Qatar National Human Rights Committee. 3 May 2006. 3405:"Trafficking in Persons Report 2008 – Qatar (Tier 3)" 3033:"Qatar, Unveiling Tensions, Suspends Sale of Alcohol" 2722:. U.S. Central Intelligence Agency. 16 November 2021. 1486:

For example, in March 2008 the Roman Catholic church

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is a crime punishable by the death penalty in Qatar.

4225:"India escapes U.S. list of worst human traffickers" 2867:"Qatar sentences man to lashes for drinking alcohol" 668:

Migrant construction workers from South Asia in the

7823: 7802: 7719: 7698: 7689: 7564: 7392: 7283: 7243: 6985: 6817: 6758: 6699: 6603: 6535: 5683:"Crusading journalist wins case against Al-Jazeera" 4856:"Comprehensive Mental Health Action Plan 2013-2030" 4536:"ILO inaugurates its first project office in Qatar" 1377:A few foreign residents, who must be able to speak 787:. He began the construction of the world's biggest 6154:"Qatar Bans Use of Children as Jockeys for Camels" 5836:Qatar: Outrageous life sentence for 'Jasmine poet' 5814:Qatar: Outrageous life sentence for 'Jasmine poet' 5753:"Amnesty International Annual Report 2012 – Qatar" 5476:UAE National Bureau of Statistics (UAE NBS) (2011) 4613:"Qatar to pay workers in quarantine full salaries" 4146: 4144: 3881:"NHRC Launches "Together We Work" Campaign – NHRC" 3064: 3062: 3060: 2780:"Amnesty International Annual Report 2012 – Qatar" 2657:"The Permanent Constitution of the State of Qatar" 1549:advice and recommendations to legislative bodies. 1238:will have difficulty trying to receive treatment. 3261:20.500.11820/3b940ee1-e99f-4ab6-bbb1-37face2fae2c 1349:2016 after a royal pardon commuted his sentence. 593:is punishable by up to seven years in prison and 6023:Refugees, United Nations High Commissioner for. 4333: 4331: 4329: 3354:"Qatar: Migrant Construction Workers Face Abuse" 1158:and announced her health and safety on Twitter. 4952: 4950: 4280:"Qatar: National Human Rights Committee report" 3462:"Qatar: National Human Rights Committee report" 1565:. A rating of 1 is "free" and 7 is "not free". 1513:, which is a popular sport in the Gulf region. 763:FIFA World Cup preparations and reported abuses 573:The Qatar delegation to the UNHCR claimed that 5514:"Protests in Qatar Spark Free Speech Concerns" 5124:"Qatar: Governance, Security, and U.S. Policy" 4897:Khaled, Salma M; Gray, Richard (August 2019). 4690:"Qatar's labour reforms outstanding, tangible" 3026: 3024: 3022: 3020: 7370: 6963: 6489: 5855:Tim Hume and Schams Elwazer (17 March 2016). 4072:"Qatar: Significant Labor and Kafala Reforms" 3436:"Qatar: Significant Labor and Kafala Reforms" 1346:2012 United Nations Climate Change Conference 1344:, for criticism of the government during the 1279:by threat of accusation of a crime of honor, 409: 8: 4716:"Qatar's new minimum wage enters into force" 4223:Labott, Elise; Verjee, Zane (12 June 2007). 4152:"Country Narratives – Countries Q through Z" 3745: 3743: 3309: 3307: 3305: 3303: 3153: 3151: 3099:. Qatar Visitor. 2 June 2007. Archived from 289:Mohammed bin Abdulrahman bin Jassim Al Thani 7706:Arabic Network for Human Rights Information 6288:"Country ratings and status, FIW 1973–2012" 4488:Business & Human Rights Resource Centre 3710: 3708: 2605:"Law No. 11 of 2004 Issuing the Penal Code" 7695: 7377: 7363: 7355: 6970: 6956: 6948: 6764: 6705: 6609: 6541: 6496: 6482: 6474: 6122: 6120: 4903:International Journal of Social Psychiatry 4066: 4064: 3430: 3428: 3426: 2752: 2750: 2599: 2597: 2595: 1567: 1094:Sheikha Maha Mansour Salman Jasim Al Thani 416: 402: 28: 7846:Human rights in Muslim-majority countries 5628: 5358: 5168: 5166: 4930: 4831: 4412:. Amnesty International. 5 September 2018 3930: 1290:Capital punishment in Qatar is done by a 643:to be imposed as criminal sanctions. The 7866:Association Marocaine des Droits Humaine 6097:2004 Census – CIA World Factbook – Qatar 5960: 5958: 5956: 2637:Qatar's Gay Rights Policy Under Scrutiny 1493:Although abandoning Islam is considered 1425:The New York Times International Edition 7732:Egyptian Initiative for Personal Rights 4364:. Amnesty International. 25 August 2017 3919:Journal on Migration and Human Security 3407:. Refworld. 4 June 2008. Archived from 2982: 2980: 2812:from the original on 25 September 2015. 2625: 2623: 2621: 2499:"The People Want Reform… In Qatar, Too" 2461: 1533:Governmental human rights organisations 624:Up until December 2011, restaurants on 260: 44: 31: 7592:Cruel, inhuman, or degrading treatment 5796: 5786: 5606: 5604: 5548: 5546: 5544: 5542: 5540: 5538: 5536: 5534: 5508: 5506: 5504: 5489: 5487: 5485: 5332: 5330: 5003: 4993: 4017:"Revealed: Qatar's World Cup 'slaves'" 3869:from the original on 5 September 2015. 3819:from the original on 25 February 2017. 3686:. United Nations. 2011. Archived from 3379:Human Rights Watch (13 January 2021), 3283:Conclusions and Recommendations: Qatar 3124:"Qatar would 'welcome' Israel in 2022" 3013:from the original on 10 November 2014. 2786:from the original on 22 September 2013 1044:factors behind this difference is the 896:Immigrant labour and human trafficking 6417:from the original on 5 February 2016. 6389:from the original on 18 October 2015. 6004:from the original on 3 September 2017 4892: 4890: 4888: 4886: 4884: 4882: 4880: 4878: 4876: 4793: 4791: 4789: 4787: 4785: 4783: 3964: 3962: 3960: 3958: 3908: 3906: 3904: 3902: 3843:from the original on 12 December 2016 3613:from the original on 21 December 2016 3568:"Qatar to build $ 1.1bn laborer city" 3045:from the original on 19 November 2015 3031:Alex Delmar-Morgan (7 January 2012). 2891:from the original on 29 October 2014. 2681:from the original on 6 October 2014. 2659:. Government of Qatar. Archived from 2554:from the original on 27 November 2022 2476:from the original on 22 November 2022 1275:, terrorism, rape, drug trafficking, 916:care at the new trafficking shelter. 902:trafficked into involuntary servitude 7: 4438:from the original on 8 November 2017 4390:from the original on 9 November 2017 3582:from the original on 3 November 2008 3221:from the original on 5 October 2022. 3197:from the original on 6 October 2014. 3166:from the original on 16 January 2013 3077:from the original on 17 January 2012 2948:from the original on 6 October 2013. 2913:from the original on 6 October 2014. 2873:from the original on 6 October 2014. 2855:from the original on 6 October 2014. 1143:invasive gynaecological examinations 1133:Many women who get pregnant with an 795:with the granting of concessions to 7614:Human right to water and sanitation 6264:from the original on 27 August 2015 6260:. National Human Rights Committee. 5889:from the original on 6 October 2014 5183:Australian Broadcasting Corporation 4664:"Qatar extends minimum wage to all" 4286:from the original on 21 August 2008 3728:from the original on 9 January 2014 3468:from the original on 21 August 2008 3158:James M. Dorsey (17 January 2012). 2995:from the original on 18 March 2015. 1515:Children were also being trafficked 1411:has not been implemented in Qatar. 1092:The first female judge in Qatar is 6445:from the original on 27 July 2017. 6361:from the original on 12 July 2015. 6333:from the original on 2 April 2015. 6297:from the original on 24 April 2012 5863:from the original on 16 March 2016 5719:from the original on 6 August 2017 5693:from the original on 16 March 2016 5081:from the original on 26 April 2018 4798:Sharkey, Terence (February 2017). 4434:. GoobJoog News. 28 October 2017. 3969:Millward, Peter (September 2017). 3913:Ganji, Sarath K. (December 2016). 3865:. The National. 2 September 2015. 3681:"The demographic Profile of Qatar" 3122:Walid, Tamara (11 November 2009). 3069:Jenifer Fenton (16 January 2012). 2708:from the original on 29 June 2014. 2528:Begum, Rothna (25 November 2022). 2312:Sheikh Hamad bin Khalifa Al Thani 2295:Sheikh Hamad bin Khalifa Al Thani 2278:Sheikh Hamad bin Khalifa Al Thani 2261:Sheikh Hamad bin Khalifa Al Thani 2244:Sheikh Hamad bin Khalifa Al Thani 2227:Sheikh Hamad bin Khalifa Al Thani 2210:Sheikh Hamad bin Khalifa Al Thani 2193:Sheikh Hamad bin Khalifa Al Thani 2176:Sheikh Hamad bin Khalifa Al Thani 2159:Sheikh Hamad bin Khalifa Al Thani 2142:Sheikh Hamad bin Khalifa Al Thani 2125:Sheikh Hamad bin Khalifa Al Thani 2108:Sheikh Hamad bin Khalifa Al Thani 2091:Sheikh Hamad bin Khalifa Al Thani 2074:Sheikh Hamad bin Khalifa Al Thani 2057:Sheikh Hamad bin Khalifa Al Thani 2040:Sheikh Hamad bin Khalifa Al Thani 2023:Sheikh Hamad bin Khalifa Al Thani 1984:Sheikh Khalifa bin Hamad Al Thani 1967:Sheikh Khalifa bin Hamad Al Thani 1950:Sheikh Khalifa bin Hamad Al Thani 1933:Sheikh Khalifa bin Hamad Al Thani 1916:Sheikh Khalifa bin Hamad Al Thani 1899:Sheikh Khalifa bin Hamad Al Thani 1882:Sheikh Khalifa bin Hamad Al Thani 1865:Sheikh Khalifa bin Hamad Al Thani 1848:Sheikh Khalifa bin Hamad Al Thani 1831:Sheikh Khalifa bin Hamad Al Thani 1814:Sheikh Khalifa bin Hamad Al Thani 1797:Sheikh Khalifa bin Hamad Al Thani 1780:Sheikh Khalifa bin Hamad Al Thani 1763:Sheikh Khalifa bin Hamad Al Thani 1746:Sheikh Khalifa bin Hamad Al Thani 1729:Sheikh Khalifa bin Hamad Al Thani 1712:Sheikh Khalifa bin Hamad Al Thani 1695:Sheikh Khalifa bin Hamad Al Thani 1678:Sheikh Khalifa bin Hamad Al Thani 1661:Sheikh Khalifa bin Hamad Al Thani 1644:Sheikh Khalifa bin Hamad Al Thani 1627:Sheikh Khalifa bin Hamad Al Thani 1089:that began on 27 July in London. 1085:Qatar sent female athletes to the 823:was instructed in 2012 by Sheikha 475:, who are often women from poorer 25: 6216:from the original on 4 March 2016 5759:from the original on 24 July 2014 5131:Federation of American Scientists 4259:United States Department of State 4235:from the original on 6 April 2008 4160:United States Department of State 3763:from the original on 30 July 2017 3491:. 26 January 2012. Archived from 3322:United States Department of State 1119:Sex outside marriage and abortion 1025:International Labour Organization 962:International Labour Organization 771:2022 FIFA World Cup controversies 129:Mohammed bin Abdulrahman Al Thani 7747:Al Mezan Center for Human Rights 7737:Defenders of Human Rights Center 7711:Arab Commission for Human Rights 7338: 7329: 7328: 5173:Tlozek, Eric (28 October 2020). 4971:10.1111/j.1475-4967.2011.00475.x 4591:www.globalconstructionreview.com 4172: 3334: 3136:from the original on 31 May 2013 2824:"QATAR 2020 HUMAN RIGHTS REPORT" 2438:Sheikh Tamim bin Hamad Al Thani 2424:Sheikh Tamim bin Hamad Al Thani 2410:Sheikh Tamim bin Hamad Al Thani 2396:Sheikh Tamim bin Hamad Al Thani 2382:Sheikh Tamim bin Hamad Al Thani 2368:Sheikh Tamim bin Hamad Al Thani 2351:Sheikh Tamim bin Hamad Al Thani 1283:causing wrongful execution, and 938:. They cannot leave without the 246: 245: 48: 7386:Human rights in the Middle East 5559:Journal of Health Communication 5339:Gender, Work & Organization 5226:Bucci, Nino (30 October 2020). 3782:Greenslade, Roy (3 June 2015). 3071:"Qatar's Impromptu Alcohol Ban" 2696:"Qatar Gender Equality Profile" 2451:Human rights in the Middle East 1561:reports, published annually by 1546:National Human Rights Committee 1179:Makeup and citizenship of Qatar 564:National Human Rights Committee 55:Member State of the Arab League 7861:Sahrawi Association of Victims 7577:Arbitrary arrest and detention 7296:British Indian Ocean Territory 6236:"اللجنة الوطنية لحقوق الإنسان" 6179:Lewis, Jim (11 January 2005). 5994:"Gay Qatar News & Reports" 5611:Theodoropoulou, Irene (2020). 3185:Elgot, Jessica (28 May 2014). 881:QAR and 500 QAR respectively. 1: 6127:Sample, Ian (14 April 2005). 5571:10.1080/10810730.2017.1296507 5216:, 2013. Web. 2 November 2016. 5113:, 2013. Web. 2 November 2016. 4156:Trafficking in Persons Report 3601:Topham, Gwyn (19 June 2015). 3317:Human Trafficking Report 2011 3097:"Purchasing Alcohol in Qatar" 2887:. Al Arabiya. 21 April 2013. 2573:Tony Manfred (1 March 2015). 1221:of the country they work in. 649:UN Convention Against Torture 7727:Kurdish Human Rights Project 5965:Finn, Tom (25 August 2016). 5739:"The Death Penalty in Qatar" 5713:"The Death Penalty in Qatar" 4386:. ilo.org. 8 November 2017. 2646:Retrieved on 4 December 2002 1443:Freedom of religion in Qatar 1361:Residency and naturalisation 1058:generalized anxiety disorder 645:UN Committee Against Torture 159:Hassan bin Abdulla Al-Ghanim 18:Women's rights in Qatar 7836:Humanitarian crisis in Gaza 6433:"Freedom in the World 2017" 6405:"Freedom in the World 2016" 6377:"Freedom in the World 2015" 6349:"Freedom in the World 2014" 5715:. Death Penalty Worldwide. 4202:Central Intelligence Agency 4192:"Middle East :: Qatar" 1539:Ministry of Foreign Affairs 1256:Capital punishment in Qatar 539:Legal system and punishment 283:Ministry of Foreign Affairs 7903: 7676:Women's suffrage, timeline 5630:10.1007/s10993-019-09518-z 4696:(in Arabic). 10 April 2021 3932:10.1177/233150241600400403 3578:: ITP Digital Publishing. 3566:Bowman, D (2 March 2008). 2005:Hamad bin Khalifa Al Thani 1609:Khalifa bin Hamad Al Thani 1440: 1396: 1253: 1182: 1122: 1067: 910:U.S. State Department 768: 678: 7324: 6914: 6767: 6708: 6612: 6544: 6515: 6129:"Can robots ride camels?" 5755:. Amnesty International. 5396:10.1080/01419870600665334 5384:Ethnic and Racial Studies 4816:10.1192/S2056474000001628 4766:www.thepeninsulaqatar.com 3659:www.thepeninsulaqatar.com 2808:. Amnesty International. 2782:. Amnesty International. 1087:2012 Summer Olympics 1080:International Women's Day 1054:Major depressive disorder 262:Administrative divisions 7045:East Timor (Timor-Leste) 6238:(in Arabic). Qatar e-Gov 5208:20 December 2016 at the 5105:20 December 2016 at the 5053:14 December 2017 at the 5021:Beydoun, Nasser (2012). 4915:10.1177/0020764019850589 4343:20 December 2016 at the 3987:10.1177/0011392116645382 2333:Tamim bin Hamad Al Thani 732:Barwa Al Baraha at night 499:. Individual rights and 100:Tamim bin Hamad Al Thani 7587:Crimes against humanity 7306:Cocos (Keeling) Islands 5841:28 October 2014 at the 5819:7 December 2014 at the 4310:. UNHCR. Archived from 3381:"Qatar: Events of 2020" 3038:The Wall Street Journal 2675:"Constitution of Qatar" 2540:Graham Holdings Company 857:Impact of the World Cup 779:. When the Emir Sheikh 463:controversial selection 6627:Consultative Assembly 5027:. Algora. p. 35. 3314:"Country Narratives". 3241:Human Rights Quarterly 3232:Kelly, Tobias (2009). 3162:. The Eurasia Review. 2831:US Department of State 2741:US Department of State 2642:20 August 2008 at the 1529:, introduced the ban. 1488:Our Lady of the Rosary 1457:Muslim-majority nation 1452: 1330: 1185:Qatari nationality law 1078:held on 8 March 1999, 1063: 733: 676: 505:freedom of association 299:Diplomatic missions of 7887:Human rights in Qatar 7831:Collective punishment 7651:Right to a fair trial 6979:Human rights in Asia 5824:Amnesty International 4804:BJPsych International 4642:thepeninsulaqatar.com 4102:Amnesty International 3759:. 25 September 2013. 2944:. 29 September 2013. 2632:The Cornell Daily Sun 2612:adsdatabase.ohchr.org 1450: 1342:Mohammed Ibn al-Dheeb 1334:Freedom of expression 1328: 1321:Freedom of expression 1123:Further information: 1068:Further information: 890:Amnesty international 813:Amnesty International 769:Further information: 731: 679:Further information: 667: 509:freedom of expression 430:human rights in Qatar 152:Consultative Assembly 145:Consultative Assembly 7856:Israel and apartheid 7841:Human rights in Asia 7656:Right to development 7537:United Arab Emirates 7220:United Arab Emirates 6258:"Vision and mission" 5780:Qatar Events of 2017 4984:Miles, Hugh (2005). 4747:Agence France Presse 3815:. 12 February 2014. 3724:. 17 November 2013. 3217:. BBC. 28 May 2014. 2720:"The World Factbook" 2538:. Washington, D.C.: 1559:Freedom in the World 1399:LGBT rights in Qatar 1393:LGBT rights in Qatar 1309:People convicted of 513:freedom of the press 7765:HRFS (founded 2002) 7602:Freedom of religion 7247:limited recognition 5783:. 20 December 2017. 5741:. 24 December 2019. 5427:Stanford Law Review 4078:. 24 September 2020 4023:. 25 September 2013 3693:on 28 December 2013 3572:ArabianBusiness.com 3442:. 24 September 2020 1570: 1569:Historical ratings 1437:Freedom of religion 1372:dynastic succession 1298:Corporal punishment 691:US State Department 619:2022 FIFA World Cup 535:are also enforced. 467:2022 FIFA World Cup 7752:Association Najdeh 7582:Capital punishment 6741:Telecommunications 6181:"Robots of Arabia" 6160:. 30 December 2004 6158:The New York Times 5663:on 2 November 2007 5351:10.1111/gwao.12201 5315:. 16 December 2021 5075:data.worldbank.org 4959:Middle East Policy 4566:The New York Times 4349:Al-Araby Al-Jadeed 4197:CIA World Factbook 4076:Human Rights Watch 3887:on 21 January 2022 3495:on 26 January 2012 3440:Human Rights Watch 3358:Human Rights Watch 3253:10.1353/hrq.0.0094 2663:on 6 October 2014. 2509:on 10 October 2017 1568: 1553:Historical ratings 1453: 1416:The New York Times 1331: 1250:Capital punishment 1135:illegitimate child 998:Human Rights Watch 924:sponsorship system 785:foreign investment 734: 707:Human rights Watch 703:Human Rights Watch 677: 533:capital punishment 434:Human Rights Watch 7874: 7873: 7798: 7797: 7681:Male guardianship 7619:Human trafficking 7352: 7351: 7289:other territories 6945: 6944: 6910: 6909: 6754: 6753: 6695: 6694: 6647:Foreign relations 6640:House of Al Thani 6599: 6598: 5885:. 13 March 2014. 5289:. 25 October 2021 5151:. 14 October 2021 4617:www.aljazeera.com 4516:. 17 October 2019 4464:. 8 November 2017 4204:. 8 February 2012 4049:. 10 October 2016 3975:Current Sociology 2941:Independent.co.uk 2442: 2441: 1577:Political Rights 1338:Mohammed al-Ajami 1225:Language barriers 1174:Individual rights 1154:justice for her. 1125:Abortion in Qatar 819:British law firm 801:Royal Dutch Shell 701:A 2012 report by 689:According to the 570:and Islamic law. 495:, including into 473:Domestic servants 455:absolute monarchy 426: 425: 343:National symbols 321:Visa requirements 276:Foreign relations 181:Recent elections 34:Politics of Qatar 16:(Redirected from 7894: 7696: 7572:Academic freedom 7554:Yemeni civil war 7525:Syrian civil war 7379: 7372: 7365: 7356: 7342: 7332: 7331: 7301:Christmas Island 6987:Sovereign states 6972: 6965: 6958: 6949: 6930: 6923: 6765: 6731: 6706: 6630: 6610: 6542: 6498: 6491: 6484: 6475: 6447: 6446: 6444: 6437: 6425: 6419: 6418: 6416: 6409: 6397: 6391: 6390: 6388: 6381: 6369: 6363: 6362: 6360: 6353: 6341: 6335: 6334: 6332: 6325: 6313: 6307: 6306: 6304: 6302: 6292: 6280: 6274: 6273: 6271: 6269: 6254: 6248: 6247: 6245: 6243: 6232: 6226: 6225: 6223: 6221: 6202: 6196: 6195: 6193: 6191: 6176: 6170: 6169: 6167: 6165: 6150: 6144: 6143: 6141: 6139: 6124: 6115: 6106: 6100: 6094: 6088: 6087: 6085: 6083: 6078:. 29 August 2016 6068: 6062: 6061: 6059: 6057: 6046: 6040: 6039: 6037: 6035: 6020: 6014: 6013: 6011: 6009: 5990: 5984: 5983: 5981: 5979: 5962: 5951: 5950: 5948: 5946: 5931: 5925: 5924: 5922: 5920: 5906: 5900: 5898: 5896: 5894: 5879: 5873: 5872: 5870: 5868: 5852: 5846: 5845:29 November 2012 5833: 5827: 5826:29 November 2012 5811: 5805: 5804: 5798: 5794: 5792: 5784: 5775: 5769: 5768: 5766: 5764: 5749: 5743: 5742: 5735: 5729: 5728: 5726: 5724: 5709: 5703: 5702: 5700: 5698: 5689:. 6 April 2005. 5687:journalism.co.uk 5679: 5673: 5672: 5670: 5668: 5659:. 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Archived from 2495: 2489: 2488: 2483: 2481: 2466: 1580:Civil Liberties 1571: 1420: 1340:, also known as 944: 829:Qatar Foundation 825:Moza bint Nasser 681:Slavery in Qatar 626:The Pearl Island 485:South East Asian 418: 411: 404: 267: 266: 265:(municipalities) 249: 248: 236: 57: 53: 52: 29: 21: 7902: 7901: 7897: 7896: 7895: 7893: 7892: 7891: 7877: 7876: 7875: 7870: 7819: 7794: 7715: 7685: 7666:Status of women 7661:Right to health 7560: 7461:Iraqi Kurdistan 7412:Northern Cyprus 7388: 7383: 7353: 7348: 7320: 7288: 7279: 7260:Northern Cyprus 7246: 7239: 6981: 6976: 6946: 6941: 6933: 6926: 6919: 6906: 6887:Public holidays 6857:Emblem of Qatar 6813: 6750: 6729: 6691: 6657:Law enforcement 6628: 6595: 6576:Protected areas 6531: 6511: 6502: 6455: 6450: 6442: 6435: 6427: 6426: 6422: 6414: 6407: 6399: 6398: 6394: 6386: 6379: 6371: 6370: 6366: 6358: 6351: 6343: 6342: 6338: 6330: 6323: 6315: 6314: 6310: 6300: 6298: 6290: 6282: 6281: 6277: 6267: 6265: 6256: 6255: 6251: 6241: 6239: 6234: 6233: 6229: 6219: 6217: 6204: 6203: 6199: 6189: 6187: 6178: 6177: 6173: 6163: 6161: 6152: 6151: 6147: 6137: 6135: 6126: 6125: 6118: 6107: 6103: 6095: 6091: 6081: 6079: 6070: 6069: 6065: 6055: 6053: 6048: 6047: 6043: 6033: 6031: 6022: 6021: 6017: 6007: 6005: 5992: 5991: 5987: 5977: 5975: 5964: 5963: 5954: 5944: 5942: 5941:. 21 March 2016 5933: 5932: 5928: 5918: 5916: 5908: 5907: 5903: 5892: 5890: 5881: 5880: 5876: 5866: 5864: 5854: 5853: 5849: 5843:Wayback Machine 5834: 5830: 5821:Wayback Machine 5812: 5808: 5795: 5785: 5777: 5776: 5772: 5762: 5760: 5751: 5750: 5746: 5737: 5736: 5732: 5722: 5720: 5711: 5710: 5706: 5696: 5694: 5681: 5680: 5676: 5666: 5664: 5651: 5650: 5646: 5617:Language Policy 5610: 5609: 5602: 5552: 5551: 5532: 5522: 5520: 5512: 5511: 5502: 5493: 5492: 5483: 5471: 5467: 5466: 5462: 5439:10.2307/1229039 5424: 5423: 5419: 5381: 5380: 5376: 5336: 5335: 5328: 5318: 5316: 5307: 5306: 5302: 5292: 5290: 5287:The Independent 5281: 5280: 5276: 5267: 5266: 5262: 5253: 5252: 5248: 5238: 5236: 5225: 5224: 5220: 5210:Wayback Machine 5201: 5197: 5187: 5185: 5172: 5171: 5164: 5154: 5152: 5143: 5142: 5138: 5126: 5122: 5121: 5117: 5107:Wayback Machine 5098: 5094: 5084: 5082: 5069: 5068: 5064: 5055:Wayback Machine 5046: 5042: 5035: 5020: 5019: 5015: 5002: 4992: 4983: 4982: 4978: 4956: 4955: 4948: 4896: 4895: 4874: 4864: 4862: 4854: 4853: 4849: 4797: 4796: 4781: 4771: 4769: 4760: 4759: 4755: 4740: 4739: 4735: 4725: 4723: 4722:. 19 March 2021 4714: 4713: 4709: 4699: 4697: 4688: 4687: 4683: 4673: 4671: 4670:. 20 March 2021 4662: 4661: 4657: 4647: 4645: 4644:. 20 March 2021 4636: 4635: 4631: 4621: 4619: 4611: 4610: 4606: 4596: 4594: 4585: 4584: 4580: 4570: 4568: 4560: 4559: 4555: 4545: 4543: 4542:. 30 April 2018 4534: 4533: 4529: 4519: 4517: 4508: 4507: 4503: 4493: 4491: 4482: 4481: 4477: 4467: 4465: 4456: 4455: 4451: 4441: 4439: 4430: 4429: 4425: 4415: 4413: 4408: 4407: 4403: 4393: 4391: 4382: 4381: 4377: 4367: 4365: 4360: 4359: 4355: 4345:Wayback Machine 4336: 4327: 4317: 4315: 4305: 4304: 4300: 4289: 4287: 4278: 4277: 4273: 4263: 4261: 4253: 4252: 4248: 4238: 4236: 4222: 4221: 4217: 4207: 4205: 4190: 4189: 4185: 4173: 4165: 4163: 4150: 4149: 4142: 4132: 4130: 4128:Bleacher Report 4122:Conway, Tyler. 4121: 4120: 4116: 4106: 4104: 4096: 4095: 4091: 4081: 4079: 4070: 4069: 4062: 4052: 4050: 4041: 4040: 4036: 4026: 4024: 4015: 4014: 4010: 3968: 3967: 3956: 3912: 3911: 3900: 3890: 3888: 3879: 3878: 3874: 3861: 3860: 3856: 3846: 3844: 3829: 3828: 3824: 3807: 3806: 3802: 3792: 3790: 3781: 3780: 3776: 3766: 3764: 3756:TheGuardian.com 3749: 3748: 3741: 3731: 3729: 3721:TheGuardian.com 3714: 3713: 3706: 3696: 3694: 3690: 3683: 3679: 3678: 3674: 3664: 3662: 3653: 3652: 3648: 3638: 3636: 3635:. 12 March 2019 3631: 3630: 3626: 3616: 3614: 3600: 3599: 3595: 3585: 3583: 3565: 3564: 3560: 3550: 3548: 3539: 3538: 3534: 3524: 3522: 3513: 3512: 3508: 3498: 3496: 3487: 3486: 3482: 3471: 3469: 3460: 3459: 3455: 3445: 3443: 3434: 3433: 3424: 3414: 3412: 3403: 3402: 3398: 3389: 3387: 3378: 3377: 3373: 3363: 3361: 3352: 3351: 3347: 3335: 3327: 3325: 3313: 3312: 3301: 3288: 3286: 3281: 3280: 3276: 3236: 3231: 3230: 3226: 3214:BBC News Online 3207: 3206: 3202: 3191:Huffington Post 3184: 3183: 3179: 3169: 3167: 3157: 3156: 3149: 3139: 3137: 3121: 3120: 3116: 3106: 3104: 3095: 3094: 3090: 3080: 3078: 3073:. The Arabist. 3068: 3067: 3058: 3048: 3046: 3030: 3029: 3018: 3009:. 20 May 2014. 3005: 3004: 3000: 2986: 2985: 2978: 2968: 2966: 2958: 2957: 2953: 2934: 2933: 2929: 2922: 2918: 2901: 2900: 2896: 2883: 2882: 2878: 2865: 2864: 2860: 2843: 2842: 2838: 2826: 2822: 2821: 2817: 2804: 2803: 2799: 2789: 2787: 2778: 2777: 2773: 2768:. 1 March 2022. 2756: 2755: 2748: 2736: 2732: 2731: 2727: 2718: 2717: 2713: 2705: 2698: 2694: 2693: 2689: 2673: 2672: 2668: 2655: 2654: 2650: 2644:Wayback Machine 2628: 2619: 2607: 2603: 2602: 2593: 2583: 2581: 2572: 2571: 2567: 2557: 2555: 2527: 2526: 2522: 2512: 2510: 2497: 2496: 2492: 2479: 2477: 2468: 2467: 2463: 2459: 2447: 1555: 1535: 1503: 1445: 1439: 1418: 1401: 1395: 1363: 1357:media freedom. 1323: 1300: 1258: 1252: 1227: 1203:the Philippines 1187: 1181: 1176: 1167: 1151: 1127: 1121: 1105: 1103:Gender wage gap 1072: 1066: 1046:quality of life 1037: 974: 942: 898: 859: 827:, President of 773: 765: 738:Barwa Al Baraha 687: 662: 657: 541: 515:. 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exchange 6733: 6725: 6720: 6715: 6709: 6703: 6697: 6696: 6693: 6692: 6690: 6689: 6684: 6682:Prime Minister 6679: 6673: 6668: 6659: 6654: 6649: 6644: 6643: 6642: 6632: 6624: 6619: 6613: 6607: 6601: 6600: 6597: 6596: 6594: 6593: 6588: 6583: 6578: 6573: 6572: 6571: 6564:Municipalities 6561: 6556: 6551: 6545: 6539: 6533: 6532: 6530: 6529: 6528: 6527: 6516: 6513: 6512: 6503: 6501: 6500: 6493: 6486: 6478: 6472: 6471: 6466: 6461: 6454: 6453:External links 6451: 6449: 6448: 6420: 6392: 6364: 6336: 6308: 6275: 6249: 6227: 6197: 6171: 6145: 6116: 6114:. 20 May 2013. 6101: 6089: 6063: 6041: 6015: 5998:globalgayz.com 5985: 5952: 5926: 5901: 5874: 5847: 5828: 5806: 5770: 5744: 5730: 5704: 5674: 5644: 5623:(3): 363–387. 5600: 5565:(4): 355–363. 5530: 5500: 5481: 5460: 5417: 5390:(4): 656–675. 5374: 5345:(4): 343–360. 5326: 5300: 5274: 5260: 5246: 5218: 5195: 5162: 5136: 5115: 5092: 5062: 5040: 5034:978-0875869551 5033: 5013: 4976: 4946: 4909:(5): 354–367. 4872: 4847: 4779: 4753: 4733: 4707: 4681: 4655: 4629: 4604: 4593:. 2 April 2020 4578: 4553: 4527: 4501: 4475: 4449: 4423: 4401: 4375: 4353: 4325: 4298: 4271: 4246: 4215: 4183: 4162:. 12 June 2007 4140: 4114: 4089: 4060: 4034: 4008: 3981:(5): 756–776. 3954: 3925:(4): 221–259. 3898: 3872: 3854: 3822: 3800: 3774: 3739: 3704: 3672: 3661:. 10 June 2021 3646: 3624: 3593: 3558: 3532: 3506: 3480: 3453: 3422: 3396: 3371: 3360:. 12 June 2012 3345: 3299: 3274: 3247:(3): 777–800. 3224: 3200: 3177: 3147: 3114: 3088: 3056: 3016: 2998: 2976: 2951: 2927: 2916: 2894: 2876: 2858: 2836: 2815: 2797: 2771: 2766:United Nations 2746: 2725: 2711: 2687: 2666: 2648: 2629:Ready, Freda. 2617: 2591: 2565: 2535:Foreign Policy 2520: 2490: 2460: 2458: 2455: 2454: 2453: 2446: 2443: 2440: 2439: 2436: 2434: 2432: 2430: 2426: 2425: 2422: 2420: 2418: 2416: 2412: 2411: 2408: 2406: 2404: 2402: 2398: 2397: 2394: 2392: 2390: 2388: 2384: 2383: 2380: 2378: 2376: 2374: 2370: 2369: 2366: 2363: 2360: 2357: 2353: 2352: 2349: 2346: 2343: 2340: 2336: 2335: 2327: 2324: 2321: 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764: 761: 685:Modern slavery 661: 658: 656: 653: 554:, and several 540: 537: 459:House of Thani 444:. Qatar is an 424: 423: 421: 420: 413: 406: 398: 395: 394: 392: 391: 385: 382: 381: 378: 377: 372: 367: 366: 365: 363: 362: 357: 352: 346: 340: 338:Related topics 337: 336: 333: 332: 329: 328: 323: 318: 313: 306: 305: 294: 293: 292: 291: 279: 274: 273: 270: 269: 258: 257: 254: 253: 243: 242: 241: 239: 238: 235:(constitution) 228: 226: 224: 223: 218: 213: 208: 203: 196: 194: 192: 191: 184: 178: 173: 172: 169: 168: 165: 164: 163: 162: 157: 148: 143: 142: 139: 138: 135: 134: 133: 132: 127: 123:Prime Minister 119: 114: 113: 110: 109: 106: 105: 104: 103: 98: 90: 85: 84: 81: 80: 77: 76: 70: 65: 64: 61: 60: 42: 41: 38: 37: 32: 24: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 7899: 7888: 7885: 7884: 7882: 7867: 7864: 7862: 7859: 7857: 7854: 7852: 7849: 7847: 7844: 7842: 7839: 7837: 7834: 7832: 7829: 7828: 7826: 7822: 7816: 7813: 7812:Saudi Arabia: 7810: 7809: 7807: 7805: 7801: 7791: 7788: 7786: 7783: 7781: 7778: 7776: 7773: 7771: 7768: 7766: 7763: 7762:Saudi Arabia: 7760: 7758: 7755: 7753: 7750: 7748: 7745: 7743: 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7294: 7293: 7291: 7286: 7282: 7276: 7273: 7271: 7270:South Ossetia 7268: 7266: 7263: 7261: 7258: 7256: 7253: 7252: 7250: 7248: 7242: 7236: 7233: 7231: 7228: 7226: 7223: 7221: 7218: 7216: 7213: 7211: 7208: 7206: 7203: 7201: 7198: 7196: 7193: 7191: 7188: 7186: 7183: 7181: 7178: 7176: 7173: 7171: 7168: 7166: 7163: 7161: 7158: 7156: 7153: 7151: 7148: 7146: 7143: 7141: 7138: 7136: 7133: 7131: 7128: 7126: 7123: 7121: 7118: 7116: 7113: 7111: 7108: 7106: 7103: 7101: 7098: 7096: 7093: 7091: 7088: 7086: 7083: 7081: 7078: 7076: 7073: 7071: 7068: 7066: 7063: 7061: 7058: 7056: 7053: 7051: 7048: 7046: 7043: 7041: 7038: 7036: 7033: 7031: 7028: 7026: 7023: 7021: 7018: 7016: 7013: 7011: 7008: 7006: 7003: 7001: 6998: 6996: 6993: 6992: 6990: 6988: 6984: 6980: 6973: 6968: 6966: 6961: 6959: 6954: 6953: 6950: 6938: 6935: 6934: 6929: 6925: 6922: 6918: 6917: 6913: 6903: 6900: 6898: 6895: 6893: 6890: 6888: 6885: 6883: 6880: 6878: 6875: 6873: 6870: 6868: 6865: 6863: 6860: 6858: 6855: 6853: 6850: 6848: 6845: 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6345:Freedom House 6340: 6337: 6329: 6322: 6318: 6317:Freedom House 6312: 6309: 6296: 6289: 6285: 6284:Freedom House 6279: 6276: 6263: 6259: 6253: 6250: 6237: 6231: 6228: 6215: 6211: 6207: 6201: 6198: 6186: 6182: 6175: 6172: 6159: 6155: 6149: 6146: 6134: 6130: 6123: 6121: 6117: 6113: 6112: 6105: 6102: 6098: 6093: 6090: 6077: 6076:The Daily Dot 6073: 6067: 6064: 6051: 6045: 6042: 6030: 6026: 6019: 6016: 6003: 5999: 5995: 5989: 5986: 5974: 5973: 5968: 5961: 5959: 5957: 5953: 5940: 5936: 5935:"Citizenship" 5930: 5927: 5915: 5911: 5905: 5902: 5888: 5884: 5878: 5875: 5862: 5858: 5851: 5848: 5844: 5840: 5837: 5832: 5829: 5825: 5822: 5818: 5815: 5810: 5807: 5802: 5790: 5782: 5781: 5774: 5771: 5758: 5754: 5748: 5745: 5740: 5734: 5731: 5718: 5714: 5708: 5705: 5692: 5688: 5684: 5678: 5675: 5662: 5658: 5654: 5648: 5645: 5640: 5636: 5631: 5626: 5622: 5618: 5614: 5607: 5605: 5601: 5596: 5592: 5588: 5584: 5580: 5576: 5572: 5568: 5564: 5560: 5556: 5549: 5547: 5545: 5543: 5541: 5539: 5537: 5535: 5531: 5519: 5518:www.occrp.org 5515: 5509: 5507: 5505: 5501: 5496: 5490: 5488: 5486: 5482: 5477: 5470: 5464: 5461: 5456: 5452: 5448: 5444: 5440: 5436: 5432: 5428: 5421: 5418: 5413: 5409: 5405: 5401: 5397: 5393: 5389: 5385: 5378: 5375: 5370: 5366: 5361: 5356: 5352: 5348: 5344: 5340: 5333: 5331: 5327: 5314: 5310: 5304: 5301: 5288: 5284: 5278: 5275: 5270: 5264: 5261: 5256: 5250: 5247: 5235: 5234: 5229: 5222: 5219: 5215: 5211: 5207: 5204: 5199: 5196: 5184: 5180: 5176: 5169: 5167: 5163: 5150: 5146: 5140: 5137: 5132: 5125: 5119: 5116: 5112: 5108: 5104: 5101: 5096: 5093: 5080: 5076: 5072: 5066: 5063: 5059: 5056: 5052: 5049: 5044: 5041: 5036: 5030: 5026: 5025: 5017: 5014: 5009: 4997: 4989: 4988: 4980: 4977: 4972: 4968: 4965:(1): 89–101. 4964: 4960: 4953: 4951: 4947: 4942: 4938: 4933: 4928: 4924: 4920: 4916: 4912: 4908: 4904: 4900: 4893: 4891: 4889: 4887: 4885: 4883: 4881: 4879: 4877: 4873: 4861: 4857: 4851: 4848: 4843: 4839: 4834: 4829: 4825: 4821: 4817: 4813: 4809: 4805: 4801: 4794: 4792: 4790: 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