349:
398:
670:
1924âretroactively awarded
Olympic statusâthat ice speed skating reached the Olympic programme. Charles Jewtraw from Lake Placid, New York, won the first Olympic gold medal, though several Norwegians in attendance claimed Oskar Olsen had clocked a better time. Timing issues on the 500 were a problem within the sport until electronic clocks arrived in the 1960s; during the 1936 Olympic 500âmetre race, it was suggested that Ivar Ballangrud's 500-metre time was almost a second too good. Finland won the remaining four gold medals at the 1924 Games, with Clas Thunberg winning 1,500 metres, 5,000 metres, and allround. It was the first and only time an allround Olympic gold medal has been awarded in speed skating. Speed Skating is also a sport in today's Olympics.
645:
674:
the
Olympic races were to be held over the four ISU-approved distances. The ISU approved the suggestion that the speed skating at the 1932 Winter Olympics should be held as pack-style races, and Americans won all four gold medals. Canada won five medals, all silver and bronze, while defending World Champion Clas Thunberg stayed at home, protesting against this form of racing. At the World Championships held immediately after the games, without the American champions, Norwegian racers won all four distances and occupied the three top spots in the allround standings.
744:, 1963 world champion and Olympic gold medallist, was the driving force behind the league, which folded in 1974 for economic reasons, and the ISU also excluded tracks hosting professional races from future international championships. The ISU later organised its own World Cup circuit with monetary prizes, and full-time professional teams developed in the Netherlands during the 1990s, which led them to a dominance on the men's side only challenged by Japanese 500 m racers and American inline skaters who changed to long tracks to win Olympic gold.
687:
866:
47:
440:, where the natives added bones to their shoes and used them to travel on frozen rivers, canals and lakes. In contrast to what people think, ice skating has always been an activity of joy and sports and not a matter of transport and travel. For example, winters in the Netherlands have never been stable and cold enough to make ice skating a regular way of travelling or a mode of transport. This has already been described in 1194 by William Fitzstephen, who described a sport in London.
409:
904:
of the skater. Short track blades are fixed to the boot in at the heel and immediately behind the ball of the foot. Long track skates, also called clap skates, attach to a hinge at the front of the boot. The heel of the boot detaches from the blade on every stroke, through a spring mechanism located at the front connector. This extends the skater's stroke by keeping the blade on the ice longer. Speed skates are manually sharpened using a jig to hold them in place.
299:
1967:
1739:
2347:
341:
3195:
3217:
238:
830:
gun goes off at the start of a race. Skaters are disqualified for impeding when one skater cuts in front of another skater and causes the first skater to stand up to avoid collision or fall. Cutting inside the track occurs when a skater's skates goes inside the blocks which mark the track on the ice. If disqualified the skater will be given last place in their heat or final.
720:(who finished 8th on the Olympic 10,000 m at the age of 46) at the front of development. After a while, national teams took over development of bodysuits, which are also used in short track skating, though without headcover attached to the suitâshort trackers wear helmets instead, as falls are more common in mass-start races. Suits and indoor skating, as well as the
3206:
1683:
620:, and 1961. Since artificial ice became common in the Netherlands, Dutch speed skaters have been among the world top in long track ice skating and marathon skating. Another solution to still be able to skate marathons on natural ice became the Alternative Elfstedentocht. The Alternative Elfstedentocht races take part in other countries, such as
518:
846:". Second, the referee cues the athletes to get "Ready", and waits until the skaters have stopped moving. Finally, the referee waits for a random duration between 1 and 1.5 seconds, and then fires the starting shot. Some argue that this inherent timing variability could disadvantage athletes that start after longer pauses, due to the
857:, two teams of each three to four skaters are allowed to race at once. Both teams remain in the inner lane for the duration of the race; they start on opposite sides of the rink. If four skaters are racing one skater is allowed to drop off and stop racing. The clock stops when the third skater crosses the finish line.
615:
in the northern
Netherlands hosting a race in 1917, but the Dutch natural ice conditions have rarely been conducive to skating. The Elfstedentocht has been held 15 times in the nearly 100 years since 1909, and, before artificial ice was available in 1962, national championships had been held in 25 of
356:
There are variations on the mass-start races. In the regulations of roller sports, eight different types of mass starts are described. Among them are elimination races, where one or more competitors are eliminated at fixed points during the course; simple distance races, which may include preliminary
903:
Speed skates differ greatly from hockey skates and figure skates. Unlike hockey skates and figure skates, speed skates cut off at the ankle and are built more like a shoe than a boot to allow for more ankle compression. The blades range in length from 30 to 45 cm depending on the age and height
925:
For long track skaters the same equipment should be worn as short track racers but with the exception of a helmet, shin pads, knee pads, and neck guard which are not required; along with their blades. Long track skaters skate on what are called "clap blades". These blades have hinges under the boot
914:
skin suit, protective helmet, specific cut proof skating gloves, knee pads and shin pads (in suit), neck guard (bib style) and ankle protection. Protective eyewear is mandatory. Many skaters wear smooth ceramic or carbon fiber tips on the left hand glove to reduce friction when their hand is on the
569:
and Remke van der Zee was skated on a track of 6/7 mile (1400 metres)âbut the 400 metre track was standardised by the ISU in 1892, along with the standard distances for world championships, 500 m, 1500 m, 5000 m and 10,000 m. Skaters started in pairs, each to their own lane, and
384:
Most speed skating races are held on an oval course, but there are exceptions. Oval sizes vary; in short track speed skating, the rink must be an oval of 111.12 metres, while long track speed skating uses a similarly standardized 400 m rink. Inline skating rinks are between 125 and 400 metres,
884:
There are several formats for the team pursuit. The
Olympic format is unusual in that it is a cup format, with several rounds of exclusion between two teams. In the World Cup and World Championships, one race is skated and the teams are ranked by their finishing time. In the Olympic format, a team
829:
Races are run counter-clockwise on a 111-meter track. Short track races are almost always run in a mass start format in which two to six skaters may race at once. Skaters may be disqualified for false starts, impeding, and cutting inside the track. False starts occur when a skater moves before the
673:
Norwegian and
Finnish skaters won all the gold medals in world championships between the world wars, with Latvians and Austrians visiting the podium in the European Championships. However, North American races were usually conducted pack-style, similar to the marathon races in the Netherlands, but
336:
rink, on a 111.12 m oval track. Distances are shorter than in long-track racing, with the longest
Olympic individual race being 1500 meters (the women's relay is 3000 meters and the men's relay 5000 meters). Events are usually held with a knockout format, with the best two in heats of four or
454:
However, skating and speed skating was not limited to the
Netherlands and Scandinavia; in 1592, a Scotsman designed a skate with an iron blade. It was iron-bladed skates that led to the spread of skating and, in particular, speed skating. By 1642, the first known skating club, The Skating Club of
368:
Races usually have rules about disqualification if an opponent is unfairly hindered; these rules vary between the disciplines. In long track speed skating, almost any infringement on the pairmate is punished, though skaters are permitted to change from the inner to the outer lane out of the final
808:
In 1992, short track speed skating was accepted as an
Olympic sport. Short track speed skating had little following in the long track speed skating countries of Europe, such as Norway, the Netherlands and the former Soviet Union, with none of these nations having won official medals (though the
570:
changed lanes for every lap to ensure that each skater completed the same distance. This is what is now known as long track speed skating. Competitions were exclusively for amateur skaters, which was enforced. Peter
Sinnerud was disqualified for professionalism in 1904 and lost his world title.
677:
Norwegians, Swedes, Finns, and
Japanese skating leaders protested to the USOC, condemning the manner of competition and expressing the wish that mass-start races were never to be held again at the Olympics. However, the ISU adopted the short track speed skating branch, with mass-start races on
838:
Races are run counter-clockwise on a 400-meter oval. In all individual competition forms, only two skaters are allowed to race at once. Skaters must change lanes every lap. The skater changing from the outside lane to the inside has right-of-way. Skaters may be disqualified for false starts,
669:
At the 1914 Olympic Congress, the delegates agreed to include ice speed skating in the 1916 Olympics, after figure skating had featured in the 1908 Olympics. However, World War I put an end to the plans of Olympic competition, and it was not until the winter sports week in Chamonix in
881:. Two teams race at a time, starting at a line in the middle of the straightaway. One team starts on each side of the track. Only the inner lane is used. The distance is eight laps for men and six for women. The team's time is the third skater to cross the finish line.
385:
though banked tracks can only be 250 metres long. Inline skating can also be held on closed road courses between 400 and 1,000 metres, as well as open-road competitions where starting and finishing lines do not coincide. This is also a feature of outdoor marathons.
591:
348:
564:
in 1892, the first international winter sports federation. The Nederlandse Schaatsrijderbond was founded in 1882 and organised the world championships of 1890 and 1891. Competitions were held around tracks of varying lengthsâthe 1885 match between
388:
In the Netherlands, marathon competitions may be held on natural ice on canals, and bodies of water such as lakes and rivers, but may also be held on artificially frozen 400 m tracks, with skaters circling the track 100 times, for example.
380:
are held at children's competitions. Relay races are also held in short track and inline competitions, but here exchanges may take place at any time during the race, though exchanges may be banned during the last couple of laps.
397:
1015:
756:
also developed as a competitive sport. Roller-skating races were professional from an early stage. Professional World Championships were arranged in North America between the competitors on that circuit. Later,
581:
lowering the world 5000-metre record by half a minute during the Hamar European Championships in 1894. However, the record stood for 17 years, and it took over 50 years to lower it by further half a minute.
1033:
839:
impeding, and cutting inside the track. If a skater misses their race or falls they have the option to race their distance again. There are no heats or finals in long track, all rankings are by time.
888:
The team pursuit is a new event in major international competitions. The event was introduced at international level at the world junior championships around the turn of the millennium, and to the
595:
926:
towards the back. It is described in more detail above. Protective eyewear is not mandatory. The suit also does not need to be kevlar. Long track skaters wear a hood that is built into the suit.
592:
493:
By 1851, North Americans had discovered a love of the sport, and the all-steel blade was later developed there. In Norway speed skating also became popular, as there was a huge interest in the
816:
Although this form of speed skating is newer, it is growing faster than long-track speed skating, largely because short track can be done on an ice hockey rink rather than a long-track oval.
813:
spent ten pages detailing the long track speed skating events at the Albertville Games in 1993, but short track was not mentioned by word, though the results pages appeared in that section.
885:
that overtakes the other has automatically won the race and the remaining distance is not skated. In practice, the distance is so short that this rarely happens unless one team has a fall.
369:
curve if they are not able to hold the inner curve, as long as they are not interfering with the other skater. In mass-start races, skaters will usually be allowed some physical contact.
611:
was organized as a competition in 1909 and has been held at irregular intervals, whenever the ice on the course is deemed good enough. Other outdoor races developed later, with
594:
577:
were first registered in imperial distances and since 1880 in metrical distances. The latter ones improved rapidly since their adoption as standard distances by the ISU, with
475:, won by John Lamb of Wisbech. While in the Netherlands, people began touring the waterways connecting the 11 cities of Friesland, a challenge which eventually led to the
780:, five-time ISU world champion and three-time European champion, renounced his amateur status in 1916 and travelled to America, where he won many races but was beaten by
803:
1728:
509:) was also born in the Netherlands in 1892. By the start of the 20th century, skating and speed skating had come into its own as a major popular sporting activity.
3256:
632:, and all top marathon skaters, as well as thousands of recreative skaters, travel from the Netherlands to the location where the race is held. According to the
724:, has helped to lower long track world records considerably; from 1971 to 2009, the average speed on the men's 1500 metres has been raised from 45 to 52
1497:"Commentary: Life is unfair, and so are racing sports: some athletes can randomly benefit from alerting effects due to inconsistent starting procedures"
102:
593:
950:
1573:
494:
945:
762:
574:
3261:
1446:"Life is unfair, and so are racing sports: some athletes can randomly benefit from alerting effects due to inconsistent starting procedures"
664:
141:, long-track speed skating is usually referred to as just "speed skating", while short-track speed skating is known as "short track". The
1721:
145:(ISU), the governing body of competitive ice sports, refers to long track as "speed skating" and short track as "short track skating".
1178:
740:, three-time Olympic gold medallist in 1972, as well as five Norwegians, four other Dutchmen, three Swedes, and a few other skaters.
1661:
1643:
1629:
1615:
1385:
1316:
1299:
1276:
1160:
736:
After the 1972 season, European long track skaters founded a professional league, International Speedskating League, which included
644:
285:
540:. Five years later, a sports club in Amsterdam held an ice-skating event they called a world championship, with participants from
1897:
1311:
Turner, James, in collaboration with Zaidman, Michael (1997). The History of Roller Skating. National Museum of Roller Skating.
2112:
1331:
892:
in 2003, but it was not considered an official ISU event until around 2004, and eventually introduced at the Olympics in 2006.
358:
3246:
1714:
263:
259:
2602:
1350:
528:
Organized races on ice skates developed in the 19th century. Norwegian clubs hosted competitions from 1863, with races in
1673:
2508:
1817:
1195:
678:
shorter tracks, in 1967, arranged international competitions from 1976, and brought them back to the Olympics in 1992.
3276:
842:
The starting procedure in long-track speed skating consists of three parts. First, the referee tells the athletes to "
557:
506:
142:
70:
372:
Team races are also held; in long track speed skating, the only team race at the highest level of competition is the
323: meters are used occasionally. It is one of two Olympic forms of the sport and the one with the longer history.
248:
3251:
2097:
709:
were the last Olympic competitions on natural ice. 1960 also saw the first Winter Olympic competitions for women.
267:
252:
3266:
2999:
2421:
2373:
1795:
1232:
1088:
505:. The Netherlands came back to the fore in 1889 with the organization of the first world championships. The ISU (
329:
130:
1077:
1052:
2416:
1956:
1800:
1695:
1102:
854:
373:
302:
149:
126:
2754:
873:
The team pursuit is a team event in speed skating and is skated by teams of three skaters. Races resemble the
788:, four-time American champion, in one of the races. Chicago was a centre of ice speed skating in America; the
1546:
809:
Netherlands won two gold medals when the sport was a demonstration event in 1988). The Norwegian publication
636:
journalist Jaap Bloembergen, the country "takes a carnival look" during international skating championships.
487:
2569:
1936:
1397:
1120:
955:
889:
337:
five qualifying for the final race, where medals are awarded. Disqualifications and falls are not uncommon.
209:
1423:
686:
3241:
2808:
690:
134:
2014:
1941:
1864:
1742:
1581:
940:
865:
65:
502:
3216:
46:
3271:
3090:
2482:
2442:
2165:
1890:
970:
702:
649:
51:
31:
765:
World Championships of inline speed skating go back to the 1980s, but many world champions, such as
408:
3095:
2316:
2251:
2241:
2150:
781:
455:
Edinburgh, was born, and, in 1763, the first speed skating race known in any detail was held from
3198:
2331:
2117:
2107:
1844:
965:
935:
869:
Sven Kramer, Jan Blokhuijsen and Koen Verweij (NED) in team pursuit at the 2018 Winter Olympics.
717:
1966:
2595:
2406:
2355:
2346:
2321:
2246:
2127:
2092:
1860:
1657:
1639:
1625:
1611:
1528:
1477:
1381:
1312:
1295:
1272:
1156:
444:
1365:
2974:
2539:
2401:
2326:
2233:
2208:
2195:
2132:
2102:
2065:
2060:
2019:
1931:
1822:
1763:
1738:
1518:
1508:
1467:
1457:
710:
82:
3209:
1253:
298:
2624:
2513:
2447:
2311:
2223:
1923:
1883:
1827:
1328:
1182:
1175:
790:
633:
17:
3179:
3169:
2979:
2301:
2269:
2185:
1790:
1523:
1496:
1472:
1445:
777:
753:
608:
600:
549:
476:
401:
340:
3235:
2946:
2931:
2799:
2652:
2647:
2642:
2503:
2452:
2261:
2218:
2170:
2160:
2050:
2029:
1993:
1983:
1812:
1687:
1354:
1347:
1335:
878:
761:
leagues appeared, a professional contact sport that originally was a form of racing.
741:
706:
545:
537:
472:
173:
153:
138:
97:
3004:
2916:
2911:
2906:
2804:
2774:
2588:
2477:
2472:
2383:
2363:
2336:
2213:
2203:
2084:
2024:
1975:
1837:
874:
770:
758:
566:
561:
533:
498:
313:
The standard rink for long track is 400 meters long, but tracks of 200, 250 and 333
536:
was named Amateur Champion Skater of the World after winning competitions in the
3174:
3110:
3080:
2964:
2936:
2926:
2921:
2859:
2844:
2829:
2814:
2738:
2702:
2487:
2393:
2306:
2296:
2288:
2155:
2142:
2055:
1832:
1785:
1152:
960:
766:
721:
657:
617:
437:
433:
421:
417:
362:
237:
221:
165:
157:
114:
776:
Like roller skating, ice speed skating was also professional in North America.
3164:
3044:
3029:
2989:
2984:
2864:
2839:
2789:
2764:
2733:
2668:
2437:
2378:
2279:
2180:
2034:
1946:
1775:
915:
ice at corners. All skaters who race at a national level must wear a cutproof
737:
694:
653:
483:
460:
429:
377:
333:
217:
193:
168:. There are top international rinks in a number of other countries, including
2834:
1706:
1513:
1462:
3136:
3126:
3105:
3034:
2879:
2854:
2769:
2759:
2728:
2723:
2688:
2554:
2544:
2411:
2368:
2122:
1758:
1551:
847:
612:
578:
521:
413:
122:
1532:
1481:
404:: Women's speed skating competition on the town canal at Leeuwarden, 1809.
30:
This article is about ice speed skating. For speed skating on wheels, see
3146:
3141:
3131:
3100:
3064:
3059:
3049:
2901:
2849:
2824:
2683:
2678:
2549:
2523:
1988:
1951:
1753:
464:
990:
486:, the Netherlands from 1 to 2 February 1805. The competition was won by
3156:
3054:
3024:
2969:
2959:
2784:
2718:
2713:
2698:
2693:
2673:
2070:
1914:
1770:
911:
785:
625:
621:
468:
456:
201:
177:
716:
More aerodynamic skating suits were also developed, with Swiss skater
212:
circuit is held with events in those countries plus two events in the
3085:
2708:
2174:
1998:
1906:
1807:
916:
629:
541:
448:
306:
213:
205:
189:
169:
161:
118:
55:
1222:, Knut Bjørnsen and Per Jorsett, J. W. Cappelens forlag 1971, p. 183
794:
sponsored a competition called the Silver Skates from 1912 to 2014.
517:
1701:
3220:
3039:
2954:
2869:
2794:
2628:
2621:
864:
685:
643:
589:
516:
451:, boasts of his skills racing on bone skates, so called ice legs.
407:
396:
347:
339:
297:
197:
185:
181:
2874:
2819:
2779:
1780:
725:
616:
the years between 1887, when the first championship was held in
529:
2584:
1879:
1710:
1495:
Dalmaijer, E.S.; Nijenhuis, B.G.; Van der Stigchel, S. (2016).
1444:
Dalmaijer, E.S.; Nijenhuis, B.G.; Van der Stigchel, S. (2015).
1121:"Competition results, statistics and records; SpeedSkatingNews"
919:
suit to protect against being cut from another skater's blade.
2611:
1034:"Special Rules and Regulations Short Track Speed Skating 2024"
326:
ISU rules allow some leeway in the size and radius of curves.
231:
701:
Artificial ices entered the long track competitions with the
560:, was founded at a meeting of 15 national representatives in
728:. Similar speed increases are shown in the other distances.
482:
The first known speed skating competition for women was in
1875:
773:, have switched to ice in order to win Olympic medals.
332:
takes place on a smaller rink, normally the size of an
2580:
1638:, Human Kinetics Publishers â Champaign, Ill. (1999),
1671:
1338:, from hickoksprots.com. Retrieved 25 December 2006.
3155:
3119:
3073:
3017:
2945:
2888:
2747:
2661:
2635:
2532:
2496:
2465:
2430:
2392:
2354:
2287:
2278:
2260:
2232:
2194:
2141:
2083:
2043:
2007:
1974:
1922:
1913:
1656:), Lotok Publ. â Stedten-upon-Ilm, Germany (2005),
96:
91:
81:
76:
63:
1016:"Special Rules and Regulations Speed Skating 2024"
910:All short track skaters must have speed skates, a
532:drawing five-digit crowds. In 1884, the Norwegian
853:In the only non-individual competition form, the
1196:"History of the World Championship Allround Men"
804:Short track speed skating at the Winter Olympics
1233:"Evolution of the world record 5000 meters Men"
121:each other in travelling a certain distance on
713:won two gold medals in 1960 and four in 1964.
428:The origins of speed skating date back over a
361:with time limits instead of a fixed distance;
2596:
1891:
1722:
1624:, Griffin Publishers â Torrance, Ca. (2002),
8:
1136:1001 Vrouwen uit de Nederlandse geschiedenis
39:
1424:"Special Regulations & Technical Rules"
266:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
156:. The sport enjoys large popularity in the
2894:
2603:
2589:
2581:
2284:
1919:
1898:
1884:
1876:
1729:
1715:
1707:
1696:Roller Sports C. I. C. â Sport regulations
1053:"Did People Ice Skate in the Middle Ages?"
38:
1547:"Olympic Medal Winners for Speed Skating"
1522:
1512:
1471:
1461:
286:Learn how and when to remove this message
1368:, The Electronic Encyclopedia of Chicago
951:List of Olympic records in speed skating
697:and in a full body-covering suit in 2008
1678:
1103:"Digitaal Vrouwenlexicon van Nederland"
982:
495:1885 speed skating race at Frognerkilen
152:was founded in 1892, the first for any
1608:The Complete Handbook of Speed Skating
1329:Roller Skating 3: Types of Competition
946:List of world records in speed skating
3257:Sports originating in the Netherlands
1698:, regulations of inline speed skating
1348:World In-Line Skating Medalists â Men
1294:, Ă
ge Dalby, Jan Greve, Per Jorsett,
1271:, Ă
ge Dalby, Jan Greve, Per Jorsett,
7:
3205:
1256:, from nrc.nl, published 1 July 1999
665:Speed skating at the Winter Olympics
264:adding citations to reliable sources
1254:Less orange during the uneven years
552:, as well as the host country. The
524:, the first official world champion
432:in the North of Europe, especially
705:, and the competitions in 1956 on
554:Internationale Eislauf Vereinigung
25:
3215:
3204:
3194:
3193:
2345:
1965:
1737:
1681:
236:
45:
1292:Olympiske vinterleker 1924â2006
1269:Olympiske vinterleker 1924â2006
1149:Olympiske vinterleker 1924â2006
798:Short track enters the Olympics
599:Historical footage of the 1954
27:Competitive form of ice skating
1622:A Basic Guide to Speed Skating
1:
1422:International Skating Union.
1302:, Akilles forlag 2006, p. 230
1279:, Akilles forlag 2006, p. 252
125:. Types of speed skating are
3262:Sports originating in Norway
1163:, Akilles forlag 2006, p. 29
748:North American professionals
2443:Radio-controlled car racing
1702:International Skating Union
1650:Taschenfibel Eisschnelllauf
558:International Skating Union
507:International Skating Union
412:Speed skating match on the
365:; and individual pursuits.
143:International Skating Union
71:International Skating Union
3293:
2098:Mountain bike orienteering
801:
662:
447:, later King Eystein I of
29:
18:Women's speed skating
3188:
3000:Short-track speed skating
2897:
2618:
2565:
2422:Offshore powerboat racing
2374:Motorcycle chariot racing
2343:
1963:
1853:
1749:
1235:. SpeedskatingResults.com
1198:. SpeedskatingResults.com
1176:Wat is Langebaanschaatsen
1107:resources.huygens.knaw.nl
1089:British Newspaper Archive
991:"NBC's Olympics coverage"
752:During the 20th century,
376:, though athletics-style
330:Short track speed skating
131:short-track speed skating
117:in which the competitors
113:is a competitive form of
44:
2417:Inshore powerboat racing
1654:Pocketguide Speedskating
1514:10.3389/fpsyg.2016.00119
1463:10.3389/fpsyg.2015.01618
1398:"New ContentWithLeftNav"
1151:, Ă
ge Dalby, Jan Greve,
352:Speed skating on a stamp
303:Long track speed skating
150:international federation
127:long-track speed skating
2570:List of forms of racing
1937:Middle-distance running
1501:Frontiers in Psychology
1450:Frontiers in Psychology
1220:Skøytesportens stjerner
956:Adelskalender (skating)
488:Trijntje Pieters Westra
443:Later, in Norway, King
2412:Jet sprint boat racing
870:
698:
682:Technical developments
660:
604:
525:
471:for a prize sum of 20
425:
405:
353:
345:
310:
135:marathon speed skating
3247:Winter Olympic sports
2015:Cross country running
1942:Long-distance running
1865:Summer Olympic sports
1743:Winter Olympic sports
1578:socalspeedskating.org
1125:speedskatingnews.info
941:List of speed skaters
868:
689:
648:Speed skating at the
647:
603:with Dutch commentary
598:
520:
411:
400:
351:
343:
301:
2509:Cross-country skiing
2483:Slalom skateboarding
2166:Mountain bike racing
1380:, Schibsted forlag,
1353:3 September 2012 at
1334:5 September 2012 at
1181:5 March 2009 at the
1109:. 17 September 2019.
1057:www.medievalists.net
1022:. 20 September 2022.
977:References and notes
971:Inline speed skating
703:1960 Winter Olympics
650:1928 Winter Olympics
260:improve this section
52:Paulien van Deutekom
32:inline speed skating
3096:Iceman (occupation)
2317:Pickup truck racing
2252:Paralympic swimming
2242:Open water swimming
2151:Road bicycle racing
1584:on 27 December 2018
691:Monique AngermĂźller
556:, now known as the
66:governing body
41:
3277:Ice skating sports
2648:Crystalline phases
2533:Multi-sport racing
2332:Touring car racing
2118:Canoe orienteering
2113:Radio orienteering
2108:Trail orienteering
1845:Ski mountaineering
966:Kortebaanschaatsen
936:Speed skating rink
871:
699:
661:
605:
526:
426:
406:
354:
346:
311:
3252:Individual sports
3229:
3228:
3210:Wikimedia Commons
3013:
3012:
2578:
2577:
2461:
2460:
2407:Hydroplane racing
2356:Motorcycle racing
2322:Sports car racing
2247:Marathon swimming
2128:Mountain marathon
2093:Foot orienteering
2079:
2078:
1873:
1872:
1861:Paralympic sports
1051:Alvarez, Sandra.
596:
503:Renke van der Zee
445:Eystein Magnusson
296:
295:
288:
108:
107:
16:(Redirected from
3284:
3267:Dutch inventions
3219:
3208:
3207:
3197:
3196:
2895:
2605:
2598:
2591:
2582:
2540:Adventure racing
2402:Drag boat racing
2394:Motorboat racing
2349:
2327:Stock car racing
2285:
2209:Greyhound racing
2133:Car orienteering
2103:Ski orienteering
2066:Snowshoe running
2061:Backward running
2020:Mountain running
2008:Off-road running
1969:
1920:
1900:
1893:
1886:
1877:
1741:
1731:
1724:
1717:
1708:
1686:
1685:
1684:
1677:
1648:Matthias Opatz:
1594:
1593:
1591:
1589:
1580:. Archived from
1570:
1564:
1563:
1561:
1559:
1543:
1537:
1536:
1526:
1516:
1492:
1486:
1485:
1475:
1465:
1441:
1435:
1434:
1432:
1430:
1419:
1413:
1412:
1410:
1408:
1394:
1388:
1378:Sportsboken 1992
1375:
1369:
1363:
1357:
1345:
1339:
1326:
1320:
1309:
1303:
1290:
1286:
1280:
1267:
1263:
1257:
1251:
1245:
1244:
1242:
1240:
1229:
1223:
1218:
1214:
1208:
1207:
1205:
1203:
1192:
1186:
1174:
1170:
1164:
1147:
1143:
1137:
1135:
1133:
1131:
1117:
1111:
1110:
1099:
1093:
1092:
1086:
1084:
1074:
1068:
1067:
1065:
1063:
1048:
1042:
1041:
1040:. 7 August 2024.
1030:
1024:
1023:
1012:
1006:
1005:
1003:
1001:
987:
711:Lidia Skoblikova
597:
344:Individual start
322:
321:
317:
291:
284:
280:
277:
271:
240:
232:
49:
42:
21:
3292:
3291:
3287:
3286:
3285:
3283:
3282:
3281:
3232:
3231:
3230:
3225:
3184:
3151:
3115:
3069:
3009:
2941:
2890:
2884:
2755:Albedo feedback
2743:
2657:
2643:Amorphous solid
2631:
2614:
2609:
2579:
2574:
2561:
2528:
2514:Snowboard cross
2492:
2457:
2448:Slot car racing
2426:
2388:
2350:
2341:
2312:Off-road racing
2274:
2256:
2228:
2224:Sled dog racing
2190:
2137:
2075:
2039:
2003:
1970:
1961:
1909:
1904:
1874:
1869:
1849:
1828:Nordic combined
1745:
1735:
1692:
1682:
1680:
1672:
1670:
1636:Speed on Skates
1603:
1601:Further reading
1598:
1597:
1587:
1585:
1572:
1571:
1567:
1557:
1555:
1545:
1544:
1540:
1494:
1493:
1489:
1443:
1442:
1438:
1428:
1426:
1421:
1420:
1416:
1406:
1404:
1396:
1395:
1391:
1376:
1372:
1364:
1360:
1346:
1342:
1327:
1323:
1310:
1306:
1288:
1287:
1283:
1265:
1264:
1260:
1252:
1248:
1238:
1236:
1231:
1230:
1226:
1216:
1215:
1211:
1201:
1199:
1194:
1193:
1189:
1183:Wayback Machine
1172:
1171:
1167:
1145:
1144:
1140:
1129:
1127:
1119:
1118:
1114:
1101:
1100:
1096:
1082:
1080:
1076:
1075:
1071:
1061:
1059:
1050:
1049:
1045:
1032:
1031:
1027:
1014:
1013:
1009:
999:
997:
995:nbcolympics.com
989:
988:
984:
979:
932:
898:
863:
848:alerting effect
844:Go to the start
836:
827:
822:
806:
800:
791:Chicago Tribune
750:
734:
732:Professionalism
718:Franz KrienbĂźhl
684:
667:
642:
634:NRC Handelsblad
590:
588:
515:
513:ISU development
395:
359:endurance races
319:
315:
314:
292:
281:
275:
272:
257:
241:
230:
77:Characteristics
59:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3290:
3288:
3280:
3279:
3274:
3269:
3264:
3259:
3254:
3249:
3244:
3234:
3233:
3227:
3226:
3224:
3223:
3212:
3201:
3189:
3186:
3185:
3183:
3182:
3180:Snowball Earth
3177:
3172:
3170:Little Ice Age
3167:
3161:
3159:
3153:
3152:
3150:
3149:
3144:
3139:
3134:
3129:
3123:
3121:
3117:
3116:
3114:
3113:
3108:
3103:
3098:
3093:
3088:
3083:
3077:
3075:
3071:
3070:
3068:
3067:
3062:
3057:
3052:
3047:
3042:
3037:
3032:
3027:
3021:
3019:
3015:
3014:
3011:
3010:
3008:
3007:
3002:
2997:
2992:
2987:
2982:
2980:Figure skating
2977:
2972:
2967:
2962:
2957:
2951:
2949:
2943:
2942:
2940:
2939:
2934:
2929:
2924:
2919:
2914:
2909:
2904:
2898:
2892:
2886:
2885:
2883:
2882:
2877:
2872:
2867:
2862:
2857:
2852:
2847:
2842:
2837:
2832:
2827:
2822:
2817:
2812:
2802:
2797:
2792:
2787:
2782:
2777:
2772:
2767:
2765:Circle or disc
2762:
2757:
2751:
2749:
2745:
2744:
2742:
2741:
2736:
2731:
2726:
2721:
2716:
2711:
2706:
2696:
2691:
2686:
2681:
2676:
2671:
2665:
2663:
2659:
2658:
2656:
2655:
2650:
2645:
2639:
2637:
2633:
2632:
2619:
2616:
2615:
2610:
2608:
2607:
2600:
2593:
2585:
2576:
2575:
2573:
2572:
2566:
2563:
2562:
2560:
2559:
2558:
2557:
2552:
2542:
2536:
2534:
2530:
2529:
2527:
2526:
2521:
2516:
2511:
2506:
2500:
2498:
2494:
2493:
2491:
2490:
2485:
2480:
2475:
2469:
2467:
2463:
2462:
2459:
2458:
2456:
2455:
2450:
2445:
2440:
2434:
2432:
2428:
2427:
2425:
2424:
2419:
2414:
2409:
2404:
2398:
2396:
2390:
2389:
2387:
2386:
2381:
2376:
2371:
2366:
2360:
2358:
2352:
2351:
2344:
2342:
2340:
2339:
2334:
2329:
2324:
2319:
2314:
2309:
2304:
2302:Formula racing
2299:
2293:
2291:
2282:
2276:
2275:
2273:
2272:
2270:Speed climbing
2266:
2264:
2258:
2257:
2255:
2254:
2249:
2244:
2238:
2236:
2230:
2229:
2227:
2226:
2221:
2216:
2211:
2206:
2200:
2198:
2192:
2191:
2189:
2188:
2186:Cycle speedway
2183:
2178:
2168:
2163:
2158:
2153:
2147:
2145:
2143:Bicycle racing
2139:
2138:
2136:
2135:
2130:
2125:
2120:
2115:
2110:
2105:
2100:
2095:
2089:
2087:
2081:
2080:
2077:
2076:
2074:
2073:
2068:
2063:
2058:
2053:
2047:
2045:
2041:
2040:
2038:
2037:
2032:
2027:
2022:
2017:
2011:
2009:
2005:
2004:
2002:
2001:
1996:
1991:
1986:
1980:
1978:
1972:
1971:
1964:
1962:
1960:
1959:
1954:
1949:
1944:
1939:
1934:
1928:
1926:
1917:
1911:
1910:
1905:
1903:
1902:
1895:
1888:
1880:
1871:
1870:
1868:
1867:
1854:
1851:
1850:
1848:
1847:
1842:
1841:
1840:
1835:
1830:
1825:
1820:
1815:
1805:
1804:
1803:
1798:
1793:
1791:figure skating
1783:
1778:
1773:
1768:
1767:
1766:
1756:
1750:
1747:
1746:
1736:
1734:
1733:
1726:
1719:
1711:
1705:
1704:
1699:
1691:
1690:
1669:
1668:External links
1666:
1665:
1664:
1646:
1634:Barry Publow:
1632:
1618:
1606:Dianne Holum:
1602:
1599:
1596:
1595:
1565:
1538:
1487:
1456:(1618): 1618.
1436:
1414:
1389:
1370:
1358:
1340:
1321:
1304:
1289:(in Norwegian)
1281:
1266:(in Norwegian)
1258:
1246:
1224:
1217:(in Norwegian)
1209:
1187:
1165:
1146:(in Norwegian)
1138:
1112:
1094:
1069:
1043:
1025:
1007:
981:
980:
978:
975:
974:
973:
968:
963:
958:
953:
948:
943:
938:
931:
928:
897:
894:
862:
859:
835:
832:
826:
823:
821:
818:
802:Main article:
799:
796:
778:Oscar Mathisen
754:roller skating
749:
746:
733:
730:
683:
680:
663:Main article:
641:
638:
609:Elfstedentocht
601:Elfstedentocht
587:
586:Elfstedentocht
584:
550:United Kingdom
514:
511:
477:Elfstedentocht
402:Nicolaas Bauer
394:
391:
294:
293:
244:
242:
235:
229:
226:
106:
105:
100:
94:
93:
89:
88:
85:
79:
78:
74:
73:
68:
61:
60:
50:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3289:
3278:
3275:
3273:
3270:
3268:
3265:
3263:
3260:
3258:
3255:
3253:
3250:
3248:
3245:
3243:
3242:Speed skating
3240:
3239:
3237:
3222:
3218:
3213:
3211:
3202:
3200:
3191:
3190:
3187:
3181:
3178:
3176:
3173:
3171:
3168:
3166:
3163:
3162:
3160:
3158:
3154:
3148:
3145:
3143:
3140:
3138:
3135:
3133:
3130:
3128:
3125:
3124:
3122:
3118:
3112:
3109:
3107:
3104:
3102:
3099:
3097:
3094:
3092:
3089:
3087:
3084:
3082:
3079:
3078:
3076:
3072:
3066:
3063:
3061:
3058:
3056:
3053:
3051:
3048:
3046:
3043:
3041:
3038:
3036:
3033:
3031:
3028:
3026:
3023:
3022:
3020:
3018:Constructions
3016:
3006:
3003:
3001:
2998:
2996:
2995:Speed skating
2993:
2991:
2988:
2986:
2983:
2981:
2978:
2976:
2973:
2971:
2968:
2966:
2963:
2961:
2958:
2956:
2953:
2952:
2950:
2948:
2944:
2938:
2935:
2933:
2930:
2928:
2925:
2923:
2920:
2918:
2915:
2913:
2910:
2908:
2905:
2903:
2900:
2899:
2896:
2893:
2887:
2881:
2878:
2876:
2873:
2871:
2868:
2866:
2863:
2861:
2858:
2856:
2853:
2851:
2848:
2846:
2843:
2841:
2838:
2836:
2833:
2831:
2828:
2826:
2823:
2821:
2818:
2816:
2813:
2810:
2806:
2803:
2801:
2798:
2796:
2793:
2791:
2788:
2786:
2783:
2781:
2778:
2776:
2773:
2771:
2768:
2766:
2763:
2761:
2758:
2756:
2753:
2752:
2750:
2746:
2740:
2737:
2735:
2732:
2730:
2727:
2725:
2722:
2720:
2717:
2715:
2712:
2710:
2707:
2704:
2700:
2697:
2695:
2692:
2690:
2687:
2685:
2682:
2680:
2677:
2675:
2672:
2670:
2667:
2666:
2664:
2660:
2654:
2651:
2649:
2646:
2644:
2641:
2640:
2638:
2634:
2630:
2626:
2623:
2617:
2613:
2606:
2601:
2599:
2594:
2592:
2587:
2586:
2583:
2571:
2568:
2567:
2564:
2556:
2553:
2551:
2548:
2547:
2546:
2543:
2541:
2538:
2537:
2535:
2531:
2525:
2522:
2520:
2519:Speed skating
2517:
2515:
2512:
2510:
2507:
2505:
2504:Alpine skiing
2502:
2501:
2499:
2497:Winter racing
2495:
2489:
2486:
2484:
2481:
2479:
2476:
2474:
2471:
2470:
2468:
2464:
2454:
2453:Street racing
2451:
2449:
2446:
2444:
2441:
2439:
2436:
2435:
2433:
2429:
2423:
2420:
2418:
2415:
2413:
2410:
2408:
2405:
2403:
2400:
2399:
2397:
2395:
2391:
2385:
2382:
2380:
2377:
2375:
2372:
2370:
2367:
2365:
2362:
2361:
2359:
2357:
2353:
2348:
2338:
2335:
2333:
2330:
2328:
2325:
2323:
2320:
2318:
2315:
2313:
2310:
2308:
2305:
2303:
2300:
2298:
2295:
2294:
2292:
2290:
2286:
2283:
2281:
2277:
2271:
2268:
2267:
2265:
2263:
2259:
2253:
2250:
2248:
2245:
2243:
2240:
2239:
2237:
2235:
2231:
2225:
2222:
2220:
2219:Pigeon racing
2217:
2215:
2212:
2210:
2207:
2205:
2202:
2201:
2199:
2197:
2196:Animal racing
2193:
2187:
2184:
2182:
2179:
2176:
2172:
2171:Track cycling
2169:
2167:
2164:
2162:
2161:Gravel racing
2159:
2157:
2154:
2152:
2149:
2148:
2146:
2144:
2140:
2134:
2131:
2129:
2126:
2124:
2121:
2119:
2116:
2114:
2111:
2109:
2106:
2104:
2101:
2099:
2096:
2094:
2091:
2090:
2088:
2086:
2082:
2072:
2069:
2067:
2064:
2062:
2059:
2057:
2054:
2052:
2051:Tower running
2049:
2048:
2046:
2042:
2036:
2033:
2031:
2030:Trail running
2028:
2026:
2023:
2021:
2018:
2016:
2013:
2012:
2010:
2006:
2000:
1997:
1995:
1994:Ultramarathon
1992:
1990:
1987:
1985:
1984:Half marathon
1982:
1981:
1979:
1977:
1973:
1968:
1958:
1955:
1953:
1950:
1948:
1945:
1943:
1940:
1938:
1935:
1933:
1930:
1929:
1927:
1925:
1924:Track running
1921:
1918:
1916:
1912:
1908:
1901:
1896:
1894:
1889:
1887:
1882:
1881:
1878:
1866:
1862:
1859:
1856:
1855:
1852:
1846:
1843:
1839:
1836:
1834:
1831:
1829:
1826:
1824:
1821:
1819:
1818:cross-country
1816:
1814:
1811:
1810:
1809:
1806:
1802:
1799:
1797:
1794:
1792:
1789:
1788:
1787:
1784:
1782:
1779:
1777:
1774:
1772:
1769:
1765:
1762:
1761:
1760:
1757:
1755:
1752:
1751:
1748:
1744:
1740:
1732:
1727:
1725:
1720:
1718:
1713:
1712:
1709:
1703:
1700:
1697:
1694:
1693:
1689:
1679:
1675:
1667:
1663:
1662:3-939088-00-5
1659:
1655:
1651:
1647:
1645:
1644:0-88011-721-4
1641:
1637:
1633:
1631:
1630:1-58000-087-8
1627:
1623:
1619:
1617:
1616:0-89490-051-X
1613:
1609:
1605:
1604:
1600:
1583:
1579:
1575:
1569:
1566:
1554:
1553:
1548:
1542:
1539:
1534:
1530:
1525:
1520:
1515:
1510:
1506:
1502:
1498:
1491:
1488:
1483:
1479:
1474:
1469:
1464:
1459:
1455:
1451:
1447:
1440:
1437:
1425:
1418:
1415:
1403:
1399:
1393:
1390:
1387:
1386:82-516-1428-7
1383:
1379:
1374:
1371:
1367:
1362:
1359:
1356:
1355:archive.today
1352:
1349:
1344:
1341:
1337:
1336:archive.today
1333:
1330:
1325:
1322:
1318:
1317:0-9658192-0-5
1314:
1308:
1305:
1301:
1300:82-7286-162-3
1297:
1293:
1285:
1282:
1278:
1277:82-7286-162-3
1274:
1270:
1262:
1259:
1255:
1250:
1247:
1234:
1228:
1225:
1221:
1213:
1210:
1197:
1191:
1188:
1184:
1180:
1177:
1169:
1166:
1162:
1161:82-7286-162-3
1158:
1154:
1150:
1142:
1139:
1126:
1122:
1116:
1113:
1108:
1104:
1098:
1095:
1090:
1079:
1078:"County News"
1073:
1070:
1058:
1054:
1047:
1044:
1039:
1035:
1029:
1026:
1021:
1017:
1011:
1008:
996:
992:
986:
983:
976:
972:
969:
967:
964:
962:
959:
957:
954:
952:
949:
947:
944:
942:
939:
937:
934:
933:
929:
927:
924:
920:
918:
913:
909:
905:
902:
895:
893:
891:
886:
882:
880:
879:track cycling
876:
867:
860:
858:
856:
851:
849:
845:
840:
833:
831:
824:
819:
817:
814:
812:
805:
797:
795:
793:
792:
787:
783:
779:
774:
772:
768:
764:
760:
755:
747:
745:
743:
742:Jonny Nilsson
739:
731:
729:
727:
723:
719:
714:
712:
708:
707:Lake Misurina
704:
696:
692:
688:
681:
679:
675:
671:
666:
659:
655:
651:
646:
640:Olympic Games
639:
637:
635:
631:
627:
623:
619:
614:
610:
602:
585:
583:
580:
576:
575:world records
571:
568:
563:
559:
555:
551:
547:
546:United States
543:
539:
538:United States
535:
531:
523:
519:
512:
510:
508:
504:
500:
496:
491:
489:
485:
480:
478:
474:
470:
466:
462:
458:
452:
450:
446:
441:
439:
435:
431:
423:
419:
415:
410:
403:
399:
392:
390:
386:
382:
379:
375:
370:
366:
364:
360:
350:
342:
338:
335:
331:
327:
324:
308:
304:
300:
290:
287:
279:
276:December 2020
269:
265:
261:
255:
254:
250:
245:This section
243:
239:
234:
233:
227:
225:
223:
219:
215:
211:
207:
203:
199:
195:
191:
187:
183:
179:
175:
174:United States
171:
167:
163:
159:
155:
151:
146:
144:
140:
139:Olympic Games
136:
132:
128:
124:
120:
116:
112:
111:Speed skating
104:
101:
99:
95:
90:
86:
84:
80:
75:
72:
69:
67:
62:
57:
53:
48:
43:
40:Speed skating
37:
33:
19:
3005:Tour skating
2994:
2805:Frost flower
2636:Major phases
2518:
2478:Sandboarding
2473:Longboarding
2466:Board racing
2384:Track racing
2364:Beach racing
2337:Truck racing
2280:Motor racing
2214:Horse racing
2204:Camel racing
2085:Orienteering
2025:Fell running
1976:Road running
1957:Steeplechase
1857:
1838:snowboarding
1653:
1649:
1635:
1621:
1607:
1586:. Retrieved
1582:the original
1577:
1568:
1556:. Retrieved
1550:
1541:
1504:
1500:
1490:
1453:
1449:
1439:
1427:. Retrieved
1417:
1405:. Retrieved
1401:
1392:
1377:
1373:
1361:
1343:
1324:
1307:
1291:
1284:
1268:
1261:
1249:
1239:10 September
1237:. Retrieved
1227:
1219:
1212:
1202:10 September
1200:. Retrieved
1190:
1168:
1148:
1141:
1128:. Retrieved
1124:
1115:
1106:
1097:
1087:– via
1081:. Retrieved
1072:
1060:. Retrieved
1056:
1046:
1038:www.isu.org/
1037:
1028:
1020:www.isu.org/
1019:
1010:
998:. Retrieved
994:
985:
922:
921:
907:
906:
901:Speed skates
900:
899:
887:
883:
875:team pursuit
872:
861:Team pursuit
855:team pursuit
852:
843:
841:
837:
828:
815:
810:
807:
789:
782:Bobby McLean
775:
771:Chad Hedrick
759:roller derby
751:
735:
715:
700:
676:
672:
668:
606:
572:
567:Axel Paulsen
562:Scheveningen
553:
534:Axel Paulsen
527:
499:Axel Paulsen
492:
481:
453:
442:
427:
387:
383:
374:team pursuit
371:
367:
363:points races
355:
328:
325:
312:
282:
273:
258:Please help
246:
216:ice hall in
154:winter sport
147:
110:
109:
36:
3272:Ice skating
3175:Pleistocene
2889:Ice-related
2800:Frost heave
2734:Stalactites
2488:Street luge
2307:Kart racing
2297:Drag racing
2289:Auto racing
2156:Cyclo-cross
2056:Racewalking
1833:ski jumping
1796:short-track
1574:"longtrack"
1429:29 November
1366:Ice Skating
1153:Per Jorsett
1083:11 November
961:Fen skating
908:Short track
825:Short track
811:Sportsboken
767:Derek Parra
695:clap skates
658:Switzerland
618:Slikkerveer
573:Long track
530:Christiania
438:Netherlands
434:Scandinavia
422:Netherlands
418:Hindeloopen
378:relay races
222:Netherlands
166:South Korea
158:Netherlands
115:ice skating
3236:Categories
3221:Wiktionary
3165:Glaciology
3120:Other uses
2990:Ice racing
2985:Ice hockey
2960:Iceboating
2891:activities
2662:Formations
2653:Superionic
2438:Air racing
2379:Rally raid
2181:BMX racing
2035:Skyrunning
1947:Relay race
1801:long-track
1776:Ice hockey
1588:2 November
1507:(7): 119.
1407:27 October
1173:(in Dutch)
923:Long track
834:Long track
738:Ard Schenk
722:clap skate
654:St. Moritz
484:Heerenveen
461:Whittlesey
430:millennium
334:ice hockey
218:Heerenveen
194:Kazakhstan
2932:Sculpture
2748:Phenomena
2555:Aquathlon
2545:Triathlon
2369:Motocross
2123:Rogaining
1932:Sprinting
1858:See also:
1823:freestyle
1759:Bobsleigh
1552:USA Today
1185:, KNSB.nl
1062:28 August
896:Equipment
890:World Cup
877:event in
613:Friesland
579:Jaap Eden
522:Jaap Eden
424:, in 1828
414:Zuiderzee
247:does not
210:World Cup
137:. In the
83:Mixed-sex
3199:Category
3157:Ice ages
3111:YakhchÄl
3091:Icehouse
2917:Climbing
2912:Blocking
2907:Blasting
2825:Hair ice
2775:Crystals
2550:Duathlon
2524:Sledding
2262:Climbing
2234:Swimming
1989:Marathon
1952:Hurdling
1764:skeleton
1754:Biathlon
1610:(1984),
1558:25 March
1533:26903923
1482:26579009
1402:Team USA
1351:Archived
1332:Archived
1179:Archived
930:See also
548:and the
497:between
436:and the
228:Overview
92:Presence
64:Highest
3081:Cutting
3055:Pykrete
2975:Cycling
2970:Curling
2965:Cricket
2937:Skating
2927:Rafting
2922:Fishing
2902:Bathing
2845:Nucleus
2830:Jacking
2809:sea ice
2807: (
2739:Volcano
2703:calving
2701: (
2699:Iceberg
2694:Glacier
2071:Parkour
1915:Running
1786:Skating
1771:Curling
1524:4746233
1473:4623299
1130:3 April
1000:3 April
912:spandex
786:Chicago
626:Finland
622:Austria
473:guineas
469:England
463:on the
457:Wisbech
393:History
357:races;
318:⁄
268:removed
253:sources
202:Belarus
178:Germany
98:Olympic
3214:
3203:
3192:
3086:Icebox
3045:Palace
3030:Bridge
2947:Sports
2865:Slurry
2840:Needle
2790:Frazil
2709:Icicle
2669:Anchor
2175:Keirin
1999:Ekiden
1907:Racing
1813:alpine
1808:Skiing
1688:Sports
1674:Portal
1660:
1642:
1628:
1620:USOC:
1614:
1531:
1521:
1480:
1470:
1384:
1315:
1298:
1275:
1159:
917:kevlar
630:Canada
544:, the
542:Russia
449:Norway
309:, 2008
307:Thialf
214:Thialf
206:Poland
190:Russia
172:, the
170:Canada
162:Norway
133:, and
123:skates
58:, 2007
56:Thialf
3137:Cream
3127:Chips
3106:Trade
3040:Igloo
3035:Hotel
2955:Bandy
2880:Storm
2870:Slush
2860:Shuga
2855:Shove
2815:Glaze
2795:Frost
2770:Clear
2760:Black
2729:Spike
2724:Sheet
2689:Field
2629:water
2625:state
2622:solid
2431:Other
2044:Other
820:Rules
416:near
198:China
186:Japan
182:Italy
3147:Pack
3142:Cube
3132:Core
3101:Pick
3074:Work
3065:Road
3060:Rink
3050:Pier
2875:Snow
2850:Rime
2835:NĂŠvĂŠ
2820:Hail
2780:Firn
2684:Dune
2679:Cave
2620:The
1863:and
1781:Luge
1658:ISBN
1640:ISBN
1626:ISBN
1612:ISBN
1590:2015
1560:2013
1529:PMID
1478:PMID
1431:2015
1409:2015
1382:ISBN
1313:ISBN
1296:ISBN
1273:ISBN
1241:2012
1204:2012
1157:ISBN
1132:2020
1085:2019
1064:2024
1002:2020
769:and
763:FIRS
726:km/h
607:The
501:and
465:Fens
251:any
249:cite
208:. A
204:and
164:and
119:race
103:1924
3025:Bar
2785:Fog
2719:Sea
2714:Jam
2674:Cap
2627:of
2612:Ice
1519:PMC
1509:doi
1468:PMC
1458:doi
784:of
693:on
652:in
628:or
467:in
459:to
262:by
148:An
87:Yes
3238::
1576:.
1549:.
1527:.
1517:.
1503:.
1499:.
1476:.
1466:.
1452:.
1448:.
1400:.
1155:,
1123:.
1105:.
1055:.
1036:.
1018:.
993:.
850:.
656:,
624:,
490:.
479:.
420:,
305:,
224:.
220:,
200:,
196:,
192:,
188:,
184:,
180:,
176:,
160:,
129:,
54:,
2811:)
2705:)
2604:e
2597:t
2590:v
2177:)
2173:(
1899:e
1892:t
1885:v
1730:e
1723:t
1716:v
1676::
1652:(
1592:.
1562:.
1535:.
1511::
1505:7
1484:.
1460::
1454:6
1433:.
1411:.
1319:.
1243:.
1206:.
1134:.
1091:.
1066:.
1004:.
320:3
316:1
289:)
283:(
278:)
274:(
270:.
256:.
34:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
