Women's suffrage in the United Kingdom

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handled by less skilled men and women. The result was a large increase in women workers, concentrated in munitions industries of highest priority to winning the war. This led to a increased societal understanding of what work women were capable of. Some believe that the franchise was partially granted in 1918 because of a decline in anti-suffrage hostility caused by pre-war militant tactics. However, others believe that politicians had to cede at least some women the vote so as to avoid the promised re-resurgence of militant suffrage action. Many of the major women's groups strongly supported the war effort. The Women's Suffrage Federation, based in the east end and led by Sylvia Pankhurst, did not. The federation held a pacifist stance and created co-operative factories and food banks in the East End to support working class women throughout the war. Until this point suffrage was based on occupational qualifications of men. Millions of women were now meeting those occupational qualifications, which in any case were so old-fashioned that the consensus was to remove them. For example, a male voter who joined the Army might lose the right to vote. In early 1916, suffragist organizations privately agreed to downplay their differences, and resolve that any legislation increasing the number of votes should also enfranchise women. Local government officials proposed a simplification of the old system of franchise and registration, and the Labour cabinet member in the new coalition government,

2635:, with an age cutoff of 21 for men and 25 for women. Most male political leaders showed anxiety about having a female majority in the new electorate. Parliament turned over the issue to a new Speakers Conference, a special committee from all parties from both houses, chaired by the Speaker. They began meeting in October 1916, in secret. A majority of 15 to 6 supported votes for some women; by 12 to 10, it agreed on a higher age cut off for women. Women leaders accepted a cutoff age of 30 in order to get the vote for most women. 6996: 5104: 2658: 2104: 2888: 2360:, an anti-Home Rule Liberal and campaigner for girls education, established the North of Ireland Women's Suffrage Society in 1873 (from 1909, still based in Belfast, the Irish WSS). Determined lobbying by the WSS ensured the 1887 Act creating a new municipal franchise for Belfast (a city in which women predominated due to heavy employment in mills) conferred the vote on "persons" rather than men. This was eleven years before women elsewhere Ireland gained the vote in local government elections. The 5334: 5032: 2537:(1882–1960). It specialized in highly visible publicity campaigns such as large parades. This had the effect of energizing all dimensions of the suffrage movement. While there was a majority of support for suffrage in parliament, the ruling Liberal Party refused to allow a vote on the issue; the result of which was an escalation in the suffragette campaign. The WSPU, in contrast to its allies, embarked on a campaign of violence to publicize the issue, even to the detriment of its own aims. 39: 2436:(1883–2004) was set up to promote Conservative values through social events and supporting the community. As women were able to join, this gave females of all classes the ability to mix with local and national political figures. Many also had important roles such as bringing voters to the polls. This removed segregation and promoted political literacy among women. The League did not promote women's suffrage as one of its objectives. 2486: 2416: 2047: 2089: 2700:(WSPU) in 1903. Frustrated with years of government inactivity and false promises, the WSPU adopted a militant stance, which was so influential it was later imported into suffrage struggles worldwide, most notably by Alice Paul in the United States. After many years of struggle and adversity, women finally gained suffrage but Emmeline died shortly after this. 2716:. In 1910–1912, she supported a bill to give vote rights to single and widowed females of a household. By supporting the British in World War I, she thought women would be recognised as a prominent part of Europe and deserved basic rights such as voting. Millicent Fawcett came from a radical family. Her sister was 2595:

Although non-historians often assumed the WSPU was primarily responsible for obtaining women's suffrage, historians are much more skeptical about its contribution. It is generally agreed that the WSPU revitalized the suffrage campaign initially, but that its escalation of militancy after 1912 impeded

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The overall effect of the suffragette militancy, however, was to set back the cause of women's suffrage. For women to gain the right to vote it was necessary to demonstrate that they had public opinion on their side, to build and consolidate a parliamentary majority in favour of women's suffrage and

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for the suffrage movement. This was significant because he produced a space for women to create propaganda to better aid the suffrage movement and, at the same time, earn money by selling the art. Also, he created propaganda such as the Anti-Suffrage Alphabet, and wrote for many women's newspapers.

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was a key figure gaining intense media coverage of the women's suffrage movement. Pankhurst, alongside her two daughters, Christabel and Sylvia, founded and led the Women's Social and Political Union, an organisation that was focused on direct action to win the vote. Her husband, Richard Pankhurst,

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was passed by Parliament in an attempt to prevent suffragettes from becoming martyrs in prison. It provided for the release of those whose hunger strikes and forced feeding had brought them sickness, as well as their re-imprisonment once they had recovered. The result was even greater publicity for

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Although women's political party groups were not formed with the aim to achieve women's suffrage, they did have two key effects. Firstly, they showed women who were members to be competent in the political arena and as this became clear, secondly, it brought the concept of female suffrage closer to

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brought to Parliament a petition for female suffrage with 21,557 signatures. In 1870, Bright's introduced the Women's Disabilities Removal Bill which would have extended the parliamentary franchise to women on the same terms as men. In May 1871, the bill was defeated in the Commons by a division of

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cast a high-profile vote in Britain in 1867 after the Great Reform Act of 1832. Maxwell, a shop owner, met the property qualifications that otherwise would have made her eligible to vote had she been male. In error, her name had been added to the election register and on that basis she succeeded in

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Outside pressure for women's suffrage was at this time diluted by feminist issues in general. Women's rights were becoming increasingly prominent in the 1850s as some women in higher social spheres refused to obey the gender roles dictated to them. Feminist goals at this time included the right to

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There is a poll book from 1843 that clearly shows thirty women's names among those who voted. These women were playing an active role in the election. On the roll, the wealthiest female elector was Grace Brown, a butcher. Due to the high rates that she paid, Grace Brown was entitled to four votes.

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vote. Their battle with Liberals had become a "kind of holy war, so important that it could not be called off even if continuing it prevented suffrage reform. This preoccupation with the struggle distinguished the WSPU from that by the NUWSS, which remained focused on obtaining women's suffrage."

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wished to include female suffrage as one of the campaign's demands but chose not to on the grounds that this would delay the implementation of the charter. Although there were female Chartists, they largely worked toward universal male suffrage. At this time most women did not have aspirations to

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1864: The first Contagious Disease Act is passed in England, which is intended to control venereal disease by having prostitutes and women believed to be prostitutes locked away in hospitals for examination and treatment. When information broke to the general public about the shocking stories of

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was an early suffragette who left teaching to fight for women's voting rights. She was imprisoned after heckling Winston Churchill. She left England after her release, eventually emigrating to the United States and settling in New York. She worked in the trade union movement and in 1920 became a

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says, "militancy clearly damaged the cause." Whitfield says, "the overall effect of the suffragette militancy, was to set back the cause of women's suffrage." Historian Harold Smith, citing historian Sandra Holton, has argued that by 1913 WSPU gave priority to militancy rather than obtaining the

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and extended to include some married women, making over 729,000 women eligible to vote in local elections in England and Wales. By 1900, more than one million women were registered to vote in local government elections in England. Women were also included in the suffrage on the same terms as men

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was a male feminist who devoted himself to the suffrage movement. Most of his contributions were through creating art, such as propaganda, with the intent of helping women in the movement to better express themselves, influencing people to join the movement and informing people about particular

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and the social purity campaign. Two events influenced her to become even more involved: her husband’s death and the division of the suffrage movement over the issue of affiliation with political parties. Millicent, who supported staying independent of political parties, made sure that the parts

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During the war there was a serious shortage of able-bodied men and women were able to take on many of the traditionally male roles. With the approval of the trade unions, "dilution" was agreed upon. Complicated factory jobs handled by skilled men were diluted or simplified so that they could be

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to ascertain the views of the "parishioners", and they decided "to allow a voice to all persons, male or female, of 21 years of age or over". The polls are therefore one of the earliest examples, if not the earliest, of an official poll being carried out in the United Kingdom under a system of

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Finally in 1918, Parliament passed an act granting the vote to women over the age of 30 who were householders, the wives of householders, occupiers of property with an annual rent of £5, and graduates of British universities. About 8.4 million women gained the vote. In November 1918, the

2471:. Up until 1903, all campaigning took the constitutional approach. It was after the defeat of the first Women's Suffrage Bill that the Manchester and London committees joined together to gain wider support. The main methods of doing so at this time involved lobbying MPs to put forward 2736:. She expressed her feminist ideas on paper and was also a major supporter and influential figure during the twentieth century. In addition to suffrage, she supported more rights for women such as access to education. She wrote works and had power with words. She wrote texts such as 2609:

The greater suffrage efforts halted with the outbreak of World War I. While some activity continued, with the NUWSS continuing to lobby peacefully, Emmeline Pankhurst, convinced that Germany posed a danger to all humanity, persuaded the WSPU to halt all militant suffrage activity.

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In June the London group split, partly a result of party allegiance, and partly the result of tactical issues. Conservative members wished to move slowly to avoid alarming public opinion, while Liberals generally opposed this apparent dilution of political conviction. As a result,

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also supported women suffrage ideas since he was the author of the first British woman suffrage bill and the Married Women’s Property Acts in 1870 and 1882. After her husband’s death, Emmeline decided to move to the forefront of the suffrage battle. Along with her two daughters,

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launched a campaign to get it repealed. Many have since argued that Butler's campaign destroyed the conspiracy of silence around sexuality and forced women to act in protection of others of their sex. In doing so, clear linkages emerge between the suffrage movement and Butler's

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During the war, a select group of parliamentary leaders decided on a policy that would expand the suffrage to all men over the age of 21, and propertied women over the age of 30. Asquith, an opponent, was replaced as prime minister in late 1916 by

4357: 2564:, the first woman in Ireland to qualify as a doctor and gynaecologist) were implicated in a series of arson attacks on Unionist-owned buildings and on male recreational and sports facilities. In July 1914, in a plan hatched with Evans, 2386:

again in 1872, 73, 75, 76, 77, 78, 79, 83, 84 (twice), 86, 92, 97, and 1904. From 1886 onwards, every vote taken had shown the majority of MPs in favour of women's suffrage, but without government support, and with opposition in the

2170:. This act was the first to include almost all adult men in the political system and began the inclusion of women, extending the franchise by 5.6 million men and 8.4 million women. In 1928 the Conservative government passed the 2364:

was established in 1874. As well as campaigning for women's suffrage, it sought to advance women's position in local government. In 1898, it changed its name to the Irish Women's Suffrage and Local Government Association.

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Whitfield concludes that the militant campaign had some positive effects in terms of attracting enormous publicity, and forcing the moderates to better organise themselves, while also stimulating the organization of the

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that extended the voting franchise to all women aged 21, granting women the vote on the same terms as men, although one Conservative opponent of the bill warned that it risked splitting the party for years to come.

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specified 'male persons', a few women had been able to vote in parliamentary elections through property ownership, although this was rare. In local government elections, women lost the right to vote under the

6116: 2326:. She was also involved with the London group, and organised the collection of more signatures. Lydia Becker reluctantly agreed to exclude married women from the "Married Women's Property Act" reform demand. 146: 3015:" – largest open air demonstration ever held (at that point) – over 3000 women took part. In this year, women were admitted to the register to vote in and stand for election to principal local authorities. 2150:

and other parts of the United Kingdom gained momentum. The movements shifted sentiments in favour of woman suffrage by 1906. It was at this point that the militant campaign began with the formation of the

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was passed, allowing women to be elected into the House of Commons. By 1928 the consensus was that votes for women had been successful. With the Conservative Party in full control in 1928, it passed the

5871: 2298:, was formed, debating whether women should be involved in public affairs. Although a society for suffrage was proposed, this was turned down on the grounds that it might be taken over by extremists. 5876: 5856: 5846: 5607: 5866: 5861: 5851: 5841: 3568:

The First Report of the Commissioners for Church Temporalities in Wales (1914–16) Cd 8166, p 5; Second Report of the Commissioners for Church Temporalities in Wales (1917–18) Cd 8472 viii 93, p 4.

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In 1910, 1911, and 1912, there were three "Conciliation bills" which, suffrage equality, offered women a more restrictive property-qualified vote. The 1912 bill was defeated by 208 to 222. The

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passed, allowing hunger-striking prisoners to be released when their health was threatened and then re-arrested when they had recovered. The first suffragist to be released under this act was

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reform. Recent studies have shifted from claiming that the WSPU was responsible for women's suffrage to portraying it as an early form of radical feminism that sought to liberate women from a

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Both before and after the 1832 Reform Act there were some who advocated that women should have the right to vote in parliamentary elections. After the enactment of the Reform Act, the MP

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Although these early splits left the movement divided and sometimes leaderless, it allowed Lydia Becker to have a stronger influence. The suffragists were known as the parliamentarians.

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Up until 1897, the campaign stayed at this relatively ineffective level. Campaigners came predominantly from the landed classes and joined together on a small scale only. In 1897 the

2171: 161: 6145: 5796: 6093: 2482:(NSWS). This is notable as the first attempt to create a unified front to propose women's suffrage, but had little effect due to several splits, once again weakening the campaign. 2240:

argued that any woman who was single, a taxpayer and had sufficient property should be allowed to vote. One such wealthy woman, Mary Smith, was used in this speech as an example.

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1973: The fully enfranchised Northern Irish local elections of May 1973 saw the first time all government elected officials across the UK were elected under universal suffrage.

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Liddington, Jill; Crawford, Elizabeth; Maund, E. A. (2011). "'Women do not count, neither shall they be counted': Suffrage, Citizenship and the Battle for the 1911 Census".

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sue an ex-husband after divorce (achieved in 1857) and the right for married women to own property (fully achieved in 1882 after some concession by the government in 1870).

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formed the first Women's Suffrage Committee and within a fortnight collected nearly 1,500 signatures in favour of female suffrage in advance to the second Reform Bill.

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in 1914 led to a suspension of party politics, including the militant suffragette campaigns. Lobbying did take place quietly. In 1918 a coalition government passed the

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in 1881), WLAs often did not hold such an agenda. They operated independently from the male groups, and did become more active when they came under the control of the

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Connolly, S.J.; McIntosh, Gillian (1 January 2012). "Chapter 7: Whose City? Belonging and Exclusion in the Nineteenth-Century Urban World". In Connolly, S.J. (ed.).

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released a series of photos to mark the 100th anniversary of the vote, including an image of suffragettes Annie Kenney and Christabel Pankhurst, which appeared on

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enfranchised women over the age of 30 who were either a member or married to a member of the Local Government Register. About 8.4 million women gained the vote.

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Holton, Sandra Stanley (1994). ""To Educate Women into Rebellion": Elizabeth Cady Stanton and the Creation of a Transatlantic Network of Radical Suffragists".

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1928: Women in England, Wales and Scotland received the vote on the same terms as men (over the age of 21, without property requirements) as a result of the

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disguised herself as a working-class seamstress, Jane Wharton, and was arrested and endured force feeding that cut down her life span considerably

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There was significant support for woman suffrage in the Liberal Party, which was in power after 1905, but a handful of leaders, especially

2247:, which began in the late 1830s, has also been suggested to have included supporters of female suffrage. There is some evidence to suggest 1993: 1923: 1233: 5659: 2744:

in 1866. She was a large supporter in the times where organisations were trying to reach people for a change. With her was a friend named

2708: 2560:(a friend of the Pankhursts) declared an end to "the truce we have held in Ulster." In the months that followed WSPU militants (including 216: 5421: 3724: 7193: 6240: 6184: 6133: 5756: 5639: 3265: 2003: 1998: 1693: 1417: 1018: 7198: 6887: 6123: 5776: 5746: 5692: 5669: 5488: 5433: 5043: 3832: 2707:. She had a peaceful approach to issues presented to the organisations and the way to get points across to society. She supported the 1218: 241: 221: 6821: 6725: 6235: 4813: 4681: 4280: 4250: 4203: 4163: 4136: 4109: 4040: 3993: 3924: 3734: 3686: 3469: 3439: 2029: 1943: 1911: 726: 5923: 3040: 2008: 898: 2720:

an English physician and feminist, and the first woman to gain a medical qualification in Britain. Elizabeth was elected mayor of

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activity continued peacefully – the Birmingham branch of the organisation continued to lobby Parliament and write letters to MPs.

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full-time official of the Amalgamated Clothing Workers Union. In 2003, Mary's nieces donated her papers to New York University.

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in 1865. He stood for office showing direct support for female suffrage and was an MP in the run up to the second Reform Act.

7125: 6260: 5072: 4316: 3250: 3245: 2068: 1860: 1515: 1481: 1390: 5634: 5592: 5576: 4884: 3033: 868: 181: 6672: 6667: 6497: 6343: 5687: 5664: 5654: 5619: 4766: 3362: 2501:. This society linked smaller groups together and also put pressure on non-supportive MPs using various peaceful methods. 2449: 2166:, enfranchising all men over 21, as well as all women over the age of 30 who met minimum property qualifications, in both 2159: 1973: 1963: 1865: 1395: 1213: 211: 191: 2467:

The campaign first developed into a national movement in the 1870s. At this point, all campaigners were suffragists, not

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Purvis, June (2013). "Gendering the Historiography of the Suffragette Movement in Edwardian Britain: some reflections".

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Sources for the Study of Women's Suffrage in Sheffield, UK produced by Sheffield City Council's Libraries and Archives.

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DeVries, Jacqueline R. "Popular and smart: Why scholarship on the women’s suffrage movement in Britain still matters."

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Although there is evidence to suggest that they were originally formed to promote female franchise (the first being in

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The issue of parliamentary reform declined along with the Chartists after 1848 and only reemerged with the election of

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separated came together to become stronger by working together. Because of her actions, she was made president of the

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1905, 1908, 1913: Three phases of WSPU militancy (Civil Disobedience; Destruction of Public Property; Arson/Bombings)

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to persuade or pressure the government to introduce its own franchise reform. None of these objectives was achieved.

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Smitley, Megan. "'inebriates', 'heathens', templars and suffragists: Scotland and imperial feminism c. 1870-1914."

4981: 4900:"Covert social movement networks and the secrecy-efficiency trade off: The case of the UK suffragettes (1906–1914)" 3138: 3047: 2717: 2229: 2217: 1901: 1488: 83: 5432: 4975: 6030: 6020: 6000: 5813: 5164: 5083: 3026: 2961: 2732: 2200: 2061: 1713: 1493: 935: 744: 6914: 6579: 5959: 5913: 5456: 4953:

The Politics of Gender in Victorian Britain: Masculinity, Political Culture and the Struggle for Women's Rights

3174: 1988: 1983: 1978: 1935: 1815: 1611: 1373: 1027: 829: 705: 678: 591: 491: 2472: 2379: 2115: 2964:(women could vote in local elections, become District Councillors , Poor Law Guardians, act on School Boards) 6872: 6481: 6473: 6417: 6322: 5995: 5944: 5918: 3012: 2561: 2553: 2331: 2237: 1820: 1780: 1471: 1464: 1422: 1319: 661: 5103: 4991:"Defining Militancy: Radical Protest, the Constitutional Idiom, and Women's Suffrage in Britain, 1908–1909" 4803: 3513: 2657: 2103: 6401: 6373: 6229: 5481: 5333: 5031: 4421: 3541: 2548:

The tactics of the WSPU included shouting down speakers, hunger strikes, stone-throwing, window-smashing,

1968: 1628: 1535: 1358: 1208: 1198: 1174: 1152: 1142: 1117: 1107: 776: 532: 420: 344: 5297:

Purvis, June, and June Hannam. "The women’s suffrage movement in Britain and Ireland: new perspectives."

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https://www.sheffield.gov.uk/libraries/archives-and-local-studies/research-guides/womens-suffrage.html

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DiCenzo, Maria. "Justifying Their Modern Sisters: History Writing and the British Suffrage Movement."

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universal adult suffrage, though also permitting non-resident ratepayers of either gender to vote.

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with an axe, protesting that she was maiming a beautiful woman just as the government was maiming

2402:, as the eight members of the Liberal Government whose votes against the measure sealed its fate. 7081: 7066: 6961: 6841: 6449: 6386: 6287: 6067: 5511: 5322: 5277: 5020: 5012: 4653: 4598: 4590: 4547: 4539: 4491: 4408: 3914: 3775: 3599: 3402: 3305: 3178: 3123: 3001: 2994: 2847: 2672: 2632: 2620: 2526: 2478:

In 1868, local groups amalgamated to form a series of close-knit groups with the founding of the

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Additionally, he also influenced other men to aid the movement. For example, he formed the

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The March of the Women: A Revisionist Analysis of the Campaign for Women's Suffrage, 1866-1914

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The March of the Women: A Revisionist Analysis of the Campaign for Women's Suffrage, 1866–1914

3465: 3459: 3435: 3429: 3408: 3381: 3134: 3096: 2983: 2862: 2704: 2577: 2573: 2498: 2317: 2244: 2221: 2134:. In 1872 the fight for women's suffrage became a national movement with the formation of the 1906: 1770: 1733: 1728: 1708: 1703: 1673: 1638: 1591: 1581: 1545: 1540: 1525: 1520: 1434: 1169: 1162: 1137: 1127: 1112: 982: 955: 846: 805: 786: 781: 690: 656: 636: 623: 584: 579: 574: 547: 447: 386: 288: 22: 4240: 4153: 4126: 3983: 3658: 3375: 7135: 7120: 7097: 7036: 6458: 6338: 6297: 6271: 6245: 6190: 6139: 6050: 6045: 6040: 5969: 5571: 5516: 5354: 5314: 5267: 5112: 5092: 5002: 4914: 4574: 4521: 4475: 4308: 3759: 3697: 3591: 2927: 2919: 2817: 2796: 2792: 2787: 2745: 2681: 2628: 2534: 2374: 2291: 2279: 2183: 1855: 1850: 1760: 1688: 1683: 1643: 1596: 1571: 1508: 1380: 1308: 1157: 1042: 930: 841: 795: 771: 695: 668: 631: 479: 474: 467: 462: 457: 437: 381: 364: 310: 305: 58: 38: 7155: 7150: 7140: 7010: 6791: 6589: 6574: 6265: 5939: 5727: 4464:"Changing Spaces: art, politics, and identity in the home studios of the Suffrage Atelier" 3300: 3159: 3116: 2944: 2830: 2809: 2433: 2225: 2127: 2051: 1459: 1268: 1256: 1062: 1007: 987: 945: 810: 700: 646: 604: 542: 537: 503: 415: 369: 6518: 2334:

founded the London National Society for Women's Suffrage, which set up strong links with

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who had, for his first ten years as an MP, argued against women having the franchise.

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walked in front of, and was subsequently trampled and killed by, the King’s Horse at

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is founded and submits a petition calling for women's suffrage to the House of Lords.

2904:. The Vestries Act 1818 allowed some single women to vote in parish vestry elections. 2565: 2557: 2456: 2399: 2322: 2263: 2212:. These were held to determine whether the residents of parishes which straddled the 2123: 1132: 1092: 1087: 1002: 749: 712: 337: 332: 5326: 4180:

A History of the Modern British Isles, 1914–1999: Circumstances, Events and Outcomes

3335: 2452:, and canvassed all classes for support of women's suffrage and against domination. 2415: 6697: 6441: 6433: 4702: 3979: 3163: 2727: 2662: 2357: 2313: 2096: 1353: 1283: 1147: 1082: 1077: 1037: 992: 754: 673: 651: 552: 427: 300: 5272: 5255: 3709: 5318: 4918: 4618:

Vanishing for the Vote : Suffrage, Citizenship and the Battle for the Census

4479: 7181: 6566: 5561: 5078: 5040:

The Militant Suffrage Movement: Citizenship and Resistance in Britain, 1860–1930

4634:

Tyson, Leonora; Frederick; Lawrence, Emmeline Pethick; Furlong, Gillian (2015),

3184:

4 August 1914: World War declared in Britain. WSPU activity immediately ceased.

3152: 3142: 3106:

November 1910: Asquith changed the Bill to enfranchise more men instead of women

2510: 2468: 766: 683: 557: 403: 4657: 4635: 4463: 3701: 3687:"Kensington Society (act. 1865–1868) | Oxford Dictionary of National Biography" 3099:(that would enfranchise women) passed its 2nd reading by a majority of 109 but 2857:

To commemorate the 100th anniversary of Women being given the right to vote, a

5551: 5359: 5342: 5096: 4944:

Collecting Links: The British and American Woman Suffrage Movements, 1900–1914

3793: 3595: 2907:

1832: Great Reform Act – confirmed the exclusion of women from the electorate.

2800: 2597: 2335: 2174:

equalizing the franchise to all persons, male and female, over the age of 21.

2088: 1313: 1298: 997: 4586: 4487: 4033:

Dissenting Voices: Rediscovering the Irish Progressive Presbyterian Tradition

3771: 2891:

A suffragette arrested in the street by two police officers in London in 1914

6250: 5226:

Clark, Anna. "Changing Concepts of Citizenship: Gender, Empire, and Class,"

4890: 4326: 3055: 2937: 2721: 2556:

appeared to renege on an earlier commitment to women's suffrage, the WSPU's

2339: 2192: 2107: 1293: 1288: 376: 5081:(1995). "The Prison Experiences of the Suffragettes in Edwardian Britain". 4543: 4515: 3058:, Suffolk, was selected as mayor of that town, the first woman to so serve. 2126:. Women were not explicitly banned from voting in Great Britain until the 6857: 5497: 5418:– information on the suffragettes at the British Library learning website 4578: 4281:"REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE (EQUAL FRANCHISE) BILL. 2nd reading debate" 2569: 2252: 1067: 940: 508: 30: 5248: 4594: 4525: 3071:

went on the first hunger strike – was released after 91 hours of fasting

5395:

The Non--Violent Militant: Selected Writings of Teresa Billington-Greig

5051:

State and Society: A Social and Political History of Britain Since 1870

4928:

The Women's Suffrage Movement in Britain and Ireland: A Regional Survey

4285: 3779: 3051: 2445: 2419:

A handbill complaining about sexual discrimination during the movement.

2353: 739: 5016: 3579: 6930: 5147: 4871: 4862:(Aug 1968), Vol. 18 Issue 8, pp 531–539; online; covers 1860 to 1918. 2866: 2267:

voting in a by-election – her vote was later declared illegal by the

4936:

Women's Suffrage in the British Empire: Citizenship, Nation and Race

3763: 3377:

The British Women's Suffrage Campaign 1866–1928: Revised 2nd Edition

2791:

suffrage events such as the 1911 Census protest. He and his sister,

2692:). With her experience with this organisation, Emmeline founded the 5461:

1914-1918-online. International Encyclopedia of the First World War

5450:

1914-1918-online. International Encyclopedia of the First World War

5388:

Before the Vote Was Won: Arguments for and Against Women's Suffrage

5007: 4990: 6466: 4791:

BBC Radio 4 – Woman's Hour – Women's History Timeline: 1910 – 1919

4195:

The Women's Victory – and After: Personal Reminiscences, 1911–1918

3627:"Women voted 75 years before they were legally allowed to in 1918" 3185: 3008: 2979: 2713: 2689: 2685: 2656: 2568:, who was previously part of a 200-strong deputation that charged 2414: 2102: 2087: 2933:

1867: Second Reform Act – Male franchise extended to 2.5 million.

4517:

Rebel Footprints: A Guide to Uncovering London's Radical History

3985:

The Spectacle of Women: Imagery of the Suffrage Campaign 1907–14

3127: 2990: 2697: 6934: 6522: 5470: 4358:"The Early Suffrage Societies in the 19th century – a timeline" 2228:

when it was set up. The Welsh Church Act 1914 had required the

2950:

1884: Third Reform Act – Male electorate doubled to 5 million.

2820:, hoping to inspire other men to participate in the movement. 2271:. The case gave women's suffrage campaigners great publicity. 4058:"The brutes - Mrs Metge and the Lisburn Cathedral, bomb 1914" 3119:, Labour MP, resigned his seat in support of women's suffrage 2930:

elected as an MP showing direct support for women's suffrage.

5435:

Female suffrage. A letter from the Right Hon. W.E. Gladstone

4305:

The Purple, White and Green: Suffragettes in London, 1906-14

3580:"The historical background to the Marriage (Wales) Act 2010" 3227:

1968–1969: The Electoral Law Act (Northern Ireland) and the

3095:

February 1910: Cross-Party Conciliation Committee (54 MPs).

5466: 4128:

The British Women's Suffrage Campaign 1866–1928 2nd edition

4035:. Ulster Historical Foundation. pp. 273–274, 276–278. 5343:"Deeds, Words and Drama: A Review of the Film Suffragette" 5053:(4th ed.). London and New York: Bloomsbury Academic. 4886:

The Women's Suffrage Movement: A Reference Guide 1866–1928

4858:

Arnstein, Walter L. "Votes For Women: Myths and Reality."

2294:

was elected (1865), the first ladies' discussion society,

6503:

Art in the women's suffrage movement in the United States

2391:, the bills were crowded out of the legislative agenda. 4011:"Irish Suffragettes at the time of the Home Rule Crisis" 3726:

Barbara Leigh Smith Bodichon: Feminist, Artist and Rebel

6766:

Parliamentary Voting System and Constituencies Act 2011

4698:"First statue of a woman in Parliament Square unveiled" 3548:, House of Commons Library, 1 March 2013, pp. 37–9 2975:, staple reading for the suffrage movement for decades. 2525:(WSPU) was tightly controlled by the three Pankhursts, 2204:(i.e., all parishioners over 21) in the unique set of 2172:

Representation of the People (Equal Franchise) Act 1928

2122:

in 1918 and 1928. It became a national movement in the

5291:

Literature of the Women's Suffrage Campaign in England

4961:

Lady Constance Lytton: Aristocrat, Suffragette, Martyr

3833:"Women's Disabilities Removal Bill | Encyclopedia.com" 2378:

220 to 151. With varying degrees cross-party support,

6817:

Political Parties, Elections and Referendums Act 2000

6812:

European Parliamentary Elections Act 1999 (repealed)

6223:

Centenary of Women's Suffrage Commemorative Fountain

3862:"British Women's Emancipation since the Renaissance" 3514:"Which Act Gave Women the Right to Vote in Britain?" 3483: 3481: 3231:

reduced the voting age to 18 for men and women alike

2342:. In Scotland one of the earliest societies was the 7164: 7108: 7058: 7029: 7003: 6968: 6850: 6779: 6756:

House of Commons (Redistribution of Seats) Act 1949

6751:

House of Commons (Redistribution of Seats) Act 1944

6716: 6690: 6565: 6554: 6357: 6331: 6090: 5988: 5932: 5824: 5585: 5504: 5203:

The Women's Suffrage Movement in Britain, 1866–1928

5111:Purvis, June; Sandra, Stanley Holton, eds. (2000). 3296:

Women in the House of Commons of the United Kingdom

2978:1897: National Union of Women's Suffrage Societies 2550:

and arson of unoccupied churches and country houses

6832:Electoral Registration and Administration Act 2013 3685: 3625: 2779:Males were also present in the suffrage movement. 2646:Representation of the People (Equal Franchise) Act 6797:Corrupt and Illegal Practices Prevention Act 1883 5161:The Women's Suffrage Movement in Wales, 1866–1928 5146: 4870: 3794:"Edinburgh National Society for Women's Suffrage" 2936:1869: Municipal Franchise Act gives single women 5125:The British Women's Suffrage Campaign, 1866–1928 3085:introduced to hunger strikers in English prisons 2118:in the United Kingdom finally succeeded through 6895:2011 United Kingdom Alternative Vote referendum 6802:European Assembly Elections Act 1978 (repealed) 6508:Music and women's suffrage in the United States 6129:Women's suffrage organizations and publications 4435:"Guide to the Mary E. Gawthorpe Papers TAM.275" 4155:The British Women's Suffrage Campaign 1866–1928 2344:Edinburgh National Society for Women's Suffrage 6837:Dissolution and Calling of Parliament Act 2022 6016:National Women's Rights Convention (1850–1869) 4968:Margaret Bondfield: First Woman in the Cabinet 4620:. Manchester, UK: Manchester University Press. 2748:who also published articles and books such as 6946: 6534: 5482: 5127:(Revised 2nd ed.). Abingdon: Routledge. 2312:was founded in February 1867. Its secretary, 2069: 8: 5256:"The making of the feature film Suffragette" 3696:(online ed.). Oxford University Press. 3453: 3451: 3213:was passed, allowing women to be elected to 3211:Parliament (Qualification of Women) Act 1918 2738:Thoughts on Some Questions Relating to Women 2730:became an editor of a feminist publication, 2686:National Union of Women’s Suffrage Societies 2641:Parliament (Qualification of Women) Act 1918 2495:National Union of Women's Suffrage Societies 2140:National Union of Women's Suffrage Societies 6731:Parliamentary Boundaries (Ireland) Act 1832 4980:. Princeton Legacy Library. Princeton, NJ: 4642:(1 ed.), UCL Press, pp. 172–175, 3988:. University of Chicago Press. p. 27. 3916:Britain, 1846–1964: The Challenge of Change 3811:. Liverpool University Press. p. 256. 3434:. Edinburgh University Press. p. 107. 3404:Britain, 1846–1964: The Challenge of Change 7131:Christabel Pankhurst (daughter, associate) 7042:Emmeline and Christabel Pankhurst Memorial 6953: 6939: 6931: 6827:Fixed-term Parliaments Act 2011 (repealed) 6807:Registration of Political Parties Act 1998 6741:Redistribution of Seats (Ireland) Act 1918 6562: 6541: 6527: 6519: 6159:Emmeline and Christabel Pankhurst Memorial 5828: 5489: 5475: 5467: 4221: 4219: 4217: 4215: 3546:The History of the Parliamentary Franchise 3536: 3534: 3103:refused to give it more parliamentary time 3061:1907, 1912, 1914: major splits in the WSPU 2844:Emmeline and Christabel Pankhurst Memorial 2758:Objections to the Enfranchisement of Women 2214:political border between England and Wales 2076: 2062: 1889: 1261: 1191: 961:African-American women's suffrage movement 293: 51: 17: 7235:First-wave feminism in the United Kingdom 6492:Women's Suffrage Centennial silver dollar 5358: 5289:Nelson, Carolyn Christensen, ed. (2004). 5271: 5184:The Extension of the Franchise, 1832–1931 5006: 4878:. Manchester: Alexander Ireland & Co. 4843:The Electoral System in Britain 1918–1951 4830:The Electoral System in Britain 1918–1951 4673:The Extension of the Franchise, 1832–1931 4267:The Electoral System in Britain 1918–1951 4101:The Extension of the Franchise, 1832–1931 3663:. Oxford University Press. pp. 21–. 3508: 3506: 3130:despite his support for women's suffrage. 2989:1903: Women's Social and Political Union 6063:1920 United States presidential election 3204:Representation of the People Act of 1918 2886: 2724:in 1908 and gave speeches for suffrage. 2484: 2382:caused the subject to be debated in the 2208:carried out from 1915 to 1916 under the 906:Discrimination against transgender women 7230:Political history of the United Kingdom 6303:Women's Rights National Historical Park 3693:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography 3564: 3562: 3327: 3141:and the second was his soon-to-be wife 2918:brutality and vice in these hospitals, 2316:, wrote letters both to Prime Minister 2310:Manchester Society for Women's Suffrage 2016: 1892: 1329: 436: 353: 169: 132: 99: 29: 7220:Women's suffrage in the United Kingdom 7189:Suffragette bombing and arson campaign 7177:Women's suffrage in the United Kingdom 7136:Sylvia Pankhurst (daughter, associate) 7126:Richard Pankhurst (husband, associate) 6549:Electoral reform in the United Kingdom 5980:Suffragette bombing and arson campaign 4977:Sex and Suffrage in Britain, 1860–1914 4934:Fletcher, Ian Christopher, et al eds. 4778: 4754: 4636:"An early supporter of women's rights" 3809:Belfast 400: People, Place and History 3407:. Oxford University Press. p. 1. 3311:Women's suffrage in the Cayman Islands 3286:Suffragette bombing and arson campaign 2912:Sheffield Female Political Association 2900:advocates female suffrage in his book 2517:Suffragette bombing and arson campaign 7156:Helen Pankhurst (great-granddaughter) 7141:Adela Pankhurst (daughter, associate) 7090:Suffrajitsu: Mrs. Pankhurst's Amazons 6771:Parliamentary Constituencies Act 2020 6761:Parliamentary Constituencies Act 1986 6021:Trial of Susan B. Anthony (1872–1873) 5836:International Woman Suffrage Alliance 4942:Greenwood Harrison, Patricia (2000). 4629: 4627: 4509: 4507: 4505: 4457: 4455: 4229:, Cambridge University Press, p. 170. 3855: 3853: 3229:Representation of the People Act 1969 3222:Representation of the People Act 1928 2940:the right to vote in local elections. 2480:National Society for Women's Suffrage 2459:, blocked all efforts in Parliament. 2164:Representation of the People Act 1918 2136:National Society for Women's Suffrage 7: 7225:Women's rights in the United Kingdom 7121:Mary Jane Clarke (sister, associate) 6374:"The March of the Women" (1910 song) 6102:List of suffragists and suffragettes 5965:Women's Coronation Procession (1911) 5393:McPhee, C., and A. Fitzgerald, eds. 4898:Crossley, Nick; et al. (2012). 4742: 4081: 3638:from the original on 12 January 2022 3261:List of suffragists and suffragettes 3199:held under universal adult suffrage. 2439: 6920:Parliamentary franchise (1885–1918) 5205:. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan. 4719:"Suffragettes 'should be pardoned'" 4279:Oman, Sir Charles (29 March 1928). 4182:(Wiley-Blackwell, 2000), pp. 43–45. 4009:History Ireland (24 January 2013). 3899:"The Conciliation Bill Rejection", 3276:Women's suffrage activism in Leigh 3004:interrupts a Liberal Party meeting. 2362:Dublin Women's Suffrage Association 2144:women's suffrage movements in Wales 7199:Historiography of the Suffragettes 7037:Pankhurst Centre (home and museum) 6981:Women's Social and Political Union 6344:National Voting Rights Museum (US) 6308:Women's Suffrage National Monument 6124:Historiography of the Suffragettes 6078:Selma to Montgomery marches (1965) 4341:"The Agitator: Emmeline Pankhurst" 4192:Millicent Garrett Fawcett (2011). 3624:Sarah Richardson (18 March 2013). 3050:, a member of the small municipal 2698:Women’s Social and Political Union 2523:Women’s Social and Political Union 2396:Women's Social and Political Union 2199:. This right was confirmed in the 2195:received the right to vote in the 2153:Women's Social and Political Union 14: 6822:Electoral Administration Act 2006 6726:Parliamentary Boundaries Act 1832 6236:Turning Point Suffragist Memorial 5201:Wingerden, Sophia A. van (1999). 4462:Morton, Tara (1 September 2012). 4198:. Cambridge UP. pp. 140–43. 3461:Citizenship in Britain: A History 3431:Citizenship in Britain: A History 2850:in 1930, with a plaque added for 2846:in London was first dedicated to 2806:Men’s League for Women’s Suffrage 7151:Alula Pankhurst (great-grandson) 6994: 6787:Parliamentary Elections Act 1868 6736:Redistribution of Seats Act 1885 6387:"Sister Suffragette" (1964 song) 6185:Women's Rights Pioneers Monument 6031:Woman Suffrage Procession (1913) 6001:Declaration of Sentiments (1848) 5332: 5102: 5030: 4946:. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press. 4717:McCann, Kate (6 February 2018). 3266:List of women's rights activists 3046:1908: in November of this year, 2614:Parliament expands suffrage 1918 2410: 2406:Formation of a national movement 2220:and churches to remain with the 2142:(NUWSS). As well as in England, 2045: 1577:Democratic Republic of the Congo 916:Diversity, equity, and inclusion 37: 6900:Elections in the United Kingdom 6200:Kate Sheppard National Memorial 5960:Battle of Downing Street (1910) 5603:1902 Commonwealth Franchise Act 4805:David Lloyd George: a biography 4286:Parliamentary Debates (Hansard) 4227:The Women's Victory – and After 3723:Hirsch, Pam (7 December 2010). 3374:Harold L. Smith (12 May 2014). 3336:"Votes For Women Playing Cards" 2902:A Plan for Parliamentary Reform 2879:front page on 6 February 2018. 2552:. In Belfast, when in 1914 the 2529:(1858–1928), and her daughters 2189:Municipal Corporations Act 1835 2138:and later the more influential 2132:Municipal Corporations Act 1835 6746:Government of Ireland Act 1920 6011:Ohio Women's Convention (1850) 5996:Seneca Falls Convention (1848) 4995:The Journal of British Studies 4974:Kent, Susan Kingsley (2014) . 4104:. Heinemann. pp. 152–60. 3752:The American Historical Review 3251:Lobbying in the United Kingdom 3246:Feminism in the United Kingdom 3041:Women Writers' Suffrage League 2869:in 2018. The photo colouriser 2795:, created a studio called the 2224:or to join the disestablished 2110:playing cards back from 1910 2009:Women's suffrage organizations 1: 5273:10.1080/09612025.2015.1074007 4989:Mayall, Laura E. Nym (2000). 4955:. Cambridge University Press. 3542:"Female Suffrage before 1918" 3076:Women's Tax Resistance League 7146:Richard Pankhurst (grandson) 6117:in majority-Muslim countries 6107:Timeline of women's suffrage 6046:Silent Sentinels (1917–1919) 5975:Open Christmas Letter (1914) 5924:2019–2020 Hong Kong protests 5319:10.1080/09612025.2012.751768 4963:(Biteback Publishing, 2015). 4926:Crawford, Elizabeth (2013). 4919:10.1016/j.socnet.2012.07.004 4883:Crawford, Elizabeth (1999). 4480:10.1080/09612025.2012.658177 4396:"Elizabeth Garrett Anderson" 4225:Fawcett, Millicent Garrett. 3710:UK public library membership 3291:List of suffragette bombings 3281:Women's suffrage in Scotland 3271:Timeline of women's suffrage 3256:The Women's Library (London) 2709:Married Women's Property Act 2440:Women's Liberal Associations 2251:, one of the authors of the 2216:wished their ecclesiastical 2197:Municipal Franchise Act 1869 1994:Suffragists and suffragettes 1924:American feminist literature 7050:(Emmeline Pankhurst statue) 6863:Unreformed House of Commons 6487:New Zealand ten-dollar note 6154:(Emmeline Pankhurst statue) 6068:"Give Us the Ballot" (1957) 6006:Rochester Convention (1848) 5791:Constitutional amendments: 5577:Women's liberation movement 5457:Citizenship (Great Britain) 5402:Suffrage and the Pankhursts 5154:. London: MacMillan and Co. 4520:(2 ed.). Pluto Press. 4383:"Millicent Garrett Fawcett" 3954:"The Struggle for Suffrage" 3941:Suffrage and the Pankhursts 3890:, HC 5ser vol 36 col 728-31 2859:statue of Millicent Fawcett 2598:male-centered gender system 2505:Pankhursts and suffragettes 1234:Views on transgender topics 1224:Views on sexual orientation 7256: 6868:Rotten and pocket boroughs 6026:Suffrage Hikes (1912–1914) 5416:The struggle for democracy 5301:(Nov 2020) 29#6 pp 911–915 5228:Journal of British Studies 4982:Princeton University Press 4808:. Macmillan. p. 228. 4676:. Heinemann. p. 160. 3584:Ecclesiastical Law Journal 3578:Roberts, Nicholas (2011). 3048:Elizabeth Garrett Anderson 3034:Actresses Franchise League 2742:Higher Education for Women 2718:Elizabeth Garrett Anderson 2514: 2508: 2450:Women's Liberal Federation 2286:Early suffragist societies 2230:Welsh Church Commissioners 6992: 6613: 6494:(2020 U.S. commemorative) 6313:International Women's Day 5831: 5360:10.1007/s10691-015-9307-3 5221:Historiography and memory 5165:University of Wales Press 5123:Smith, Harold L. (2010). 5097:10.1080/09612029500200073 4616:Liddington, Jill (2014). 4514:Rosenberg, David (2019). 4245:. Heinemann. p. 27. 4242:Votes for Women C.1900–28 4239:Malcolm Chandler (2001). 4158:. Routledge. p. 34. 4131:. Routledge. p. 60. 3860:Wojtczak, Helena (2009). 3596:10.1017/S0956618X10000785 3380:. Routledge. p. 95. 3316:Women's suffrage in India 2967:1894: The publication of 2369:Early legislative efforts 2201:Local Government Act 1894 2025:Women's rights by country 936:Female genital mutilation 6976:Women's Franchise League 6915:Parliament in the Making 6397:Women's suffrage in film 6368:The Women's Marseillaise 6256:Suffragette Handkerchief 6134:Women's rights activists 5914:Hong Kong 1 July marches 5429:Gladstone, William Ewart 5341:Seabourne, Gwen (2016). 5159:Wallace, Ryland (2009). 4567:History Workshop Journal 4125:Harold L. Smith (2014). 4031:Courtney, Roger (2013). 3919:. Oxford UP. p. 8. 3020:Artists' Suffrage League 3000:1904: Militancy begins. 2955:Women's Franchise League 2754:Enfranchisement of Women 2694:Women's Franchise League 2653:Women in prominent roles 2411:Women's political groups 2114:A movement to fight for 2030:Feminists by nationality 2004:Women's studies journals 1999:Women's rights activists 727:Movements and ideologies 7116:Sophia Goulden (mother) 6873:University constituency 6703:England and Wales, 1835 6590:England and Wales, 1867 6575:England and Wales, 1832 6498:2020 US ten-dollar bill 6482:Susan B. Anthony dollar 6419:Not for Ourselves Alone 6041:Suffrage Special (1916) 5970:Great Pilgrimage (1913) 5919:2014 Hong Kong protests 5517:Right to run for office 5182:Whitfield, Bob (2001). 5119:; 12 essays by scholars 5038:Mayhall, Laura E. Nym. 4873:Woman suffrage: a reply 4307:. London, England, UK: 3913:Martin Roberts (2001). 3866:www.hastingspress.co.uk 3684:Dingsdale, Ann (2007). 3491:. The National Archives 3401:Martin Roberts (2001). 2703:Another key figure was 2554:Ulster Unionist Council 2497:(NUWSS) was founded by 1418:International relations 289:Intersectional variants 6165:Elizabeth Cady Stanton 5814:1965 Voting Rights Act 5455:Nicoletta F. Gullace: 5440:. London: John Murray. 5371:11.3 (2002): 455-480. 5369:Women's History Review 5347:Feminist Legal Studies 5307:Women's History Review 5299:Women's History Review 5260:Women's History Review 5254:Gavron, Sarah (2015). 5237:11.3 (2013): 177-188. 5084:Women's History Review 4802:Peter Rowland (1978). 4769:, Britain 1906 – 1918. 4468:Women's History Review 4098:Bob Whitfield (2001). 3958:historicengland.org.uk 3702:10.1093/ref:odnb/92488 3209:21 November 1918: the 3027:Women's Freedom League 2892: 2840: 2799:which aimed to create 2733:Englishwoman's Journal 2669: 2602: 2490: 2473:Private Member's Bills 2420: 2398:blamed Prime Minister 2380:private member's bills 2290:In the same year that 2111: 2100: 1944:Conservative feminisms 1199:Bicycling and feminism 1175:Women in the workforce 1143:Violence against women 1118:Sexual objectification 1078:Opposition to feminism 345:Vegetarian ecofeminism 7016:Women's Sunday (1908) 6146:Belmont–Paul Monument 6073:Freedom Summer (1964) 5950:Women's Sunday (1908) 5230:42.2 (2003): 263-270. 5186:. Oxford: Heinemann. 5049:Pugh, Martin (2012). 4951:Griffin, Ben (2012). 4056:Toal, Ciaran (2014). 3903:, 1 April 1912, p. 6. 3428:Derek Heater (2006). 3202:6 February 1918: The 3197:Welsh Church Act 1914 3126:'s house blown up by 3090:Lady Constance Lytton 3069:Marion Wallace Dunlop 2890: 2835: 2660: 2593: 2521:Founded in 1903, the 2488: 2418: 2269:Court of Common Pleas 2210:Welsh Church Act 1914 2116:women's right to vote 2106: 2091: 1974:Feminist rhetoricians 1964:Feminist philosophers 1516:Revisionist mythology 1219:Views on prostitution 1204:Criticism of marriage 899:Children's literature 7093:(2015 graphic novel) 7074:Shoulder to Shoulder 6910:Boundary commissions 6411:Shoulder to Shoulder 6380:The Mother of Us All 6323:Women's Equality Day 6318:Susan B. Anthony Day 6172:Suffragette Memorial 5777:District of Columbia 5547:Non-resident citizen 5247:31.1 (2005): 40-61. 5117:. London: Routledge. 4867:Cairnes, John Elliot 4420:Jone Johnson Lewis, 4407:Jone Johnson Lewis, 4394:Jone Johnson Lewis, 4381:Jone Johnson Lewis, 3837:www.encyclopedia.com 3657:Martin Pugh (2000). 2962:Local Government Act 2852:Christabel Pankhurst 2678:Christabel Pankhurst 2667:Christabel Pankhurst 2531:Christabel Pankhurst 2303:Leigh Smith Bodichon 2168:Britain and Ireland 2158:The outbreak of the 1954:Feminist art critics 1929:Feminist comic books 1886:Lists and categories 1565:By continent/country 1396:Pathways perspective 1279:Gender mainstreaming 1214:Views on pornography 1123:Substantive equality 1103:Reproductive justice 1053:Matriarchal religion 911:Diversity (politics) 852:Political lesbianism 162:Other women's rights 7021:Black Friday (1910) 6718:Constituency reform 6278:Hunger Strike Medal 5955:Black Friday (1910) 4970:(Alpha House, 2018) 4723:The Daily Telegraph 4526:10.2307/j.ctvfp63cf 3590:(1): 39–56, fn 98. 3341:Etteilla Foundation 2943:1883: Conservative 2876:The Daily Telegraph 2052:Feminism portal 1959:Feminist economists 1949:Ecofeminist authors 1754:Trinidad and Tobago 1694:Republic of Ireland 1386:Composition studies 1153:Women's empowerment 1108:Sex workers' rights 1033:Feminist capitalism 1013:Internalized sexism 951:Feminism in culture 64:History of feminism 7240:Emmeline Pankhurst 7067:Sister Suffragette 6962:Emmeline Pankhurst 6842:Elections Act 2022 6780:Other related Acts 6421:(1999 documentary) 6288:Suffrage jewellery 5512:Universal suffrage 5293:. Broadview Press. 5071:(Oxford UP, 2000) 5042:(Oxford UP, 2003) 4959:Jenkins, Lyndsey. 4845:(1954), pp. 15–38. 4670:Whitfield (2001). 4640:Treasures from UCL 4579:10.1093/hwj/dbq064 4422:"Barbara Bodichon" 4269:(1954), pp. 15–38. 3960:. Historic England 3306:Suffrage jewellery 3181:with force feeding 3179:Emmeline Pankhurst 3124:David Lloyd George 3109:18 November 1910: 3002:Emmeline Pankhurst 2995:Emmeline Pankhurst 2993:is formed (led by 2893: 2848:Emmeline Pankhurst 2673:Emmeline Pankhurst 2670: 2633:universal suffrage 2621:David Lloyd George 2527:Emmeline Pankhurst 2491: 2421: 2296:Kensington Society 2191:. Unmarried women 2120:acts of Parliament 2112: 2101: 1364:Literary criticism 1229:Views on sexuality 921:Effects on society 889:Complementarianism 869:Women's liberation 624:Religious variants 598:trans-exclusionary 316:Radical lesbianism 7207: 7206: 7077:(1974 BBC serial) 6928: 6927: 6905:Corrupt practices 6686: 6685: 6556:Representation of 6516: 6515: 6427:Iron Jawed Angels 6349:Umbrella Movement 6293:Suffragette penny 6207:Millicent Fawcett 6178:Portrait Monument 6086: 6085: 5940:WSPU march (1906) 5757:African Americans 5675:Spain (Civil War, 5567:Compulsory voting 5245:Victorian Review 5212:978-0-333-66911-2 5193:978-0-435-32717-0 5174:978-0-708-32173-7 5134:978-1-408-22823-4 5060:978-1-780-93041-1 4832:(1954), pp. 7–12. 4649:978-1-910634-01-1 4535:978-0-7453-3855-2 3818:978-1-84631-635-7 3708:(Subscription or 3670:978-0-19-820775-7 3414:978-0-19-913373-4 3387:978-1-317-86225-3 3135:Cat and Mouse Act 3097:Conciliation Bill 2984:Millicent Fawcett 2973:British Freewomen 2863:Parliament Square 2705:Millicent Fawcett 2684:, she joined the 2591:Smith concludes: 2578:Lisburn Cathedral 2574:Buckingham Palace 2542:Cat and Mouse Act 2499:Millicent Fawcett 2318:Benjamin Disraeli 2245:Chartist Movement 2222:Church of England 2086: 2085: 2037: 2036: 1556: 1555: 1546:womanist theology 1489:Political ecology 1320:Écriture féminine 1247: 1246: 1138:Triple oppression 1128:Toxic masculinity 1113:Sexual harassment 978:Feminist stripper 956:Feminist movement 517: 516: 448:Africana womanism 279: 278: 7247: 7172:Women's suffrage 6998: 6955: 6948: 6941: 6932: 6878:Women's suffrage 6691:Municipal Reform 6563: 6543: 6536: 6529: 6520: 6339:Age of candidacy 6272:Holloway Jingles 6246:Pankhurst Centre 6217:(2008 sculpture) 6140:Leser v. Garnett 5945:Mud March (1907) 5829: 5762:Native Americans 5572:Disfranchisement 5491: 5484: 5477: 5468: 5444:William Murphy: 5441: 5439: 5400:Marcus, J., ed. 5364: 5362: 5337: 5336: 5330: 5294: 5285: 5275: 5216: 5197: 5178: 5155: 5153: 5138: 5118: 5107: 5106: 5100: 5064: 5035: 5034: 5028: 5010: 4985: 4956: 4947: 4931: 4922: 4904: 4894: 4879: 4877: 4846: 4839: 4833: 4826: 4820: 4819: 4799: 4793: 4788: 4782: 4776: 4770: 4764: 4758: 4752: 4746: 4740: 4734: 4733: 4731: 4729: 4714: 4708: 4707: 4694: 4688: 4687: 4667: 4661: 4660: 4631: 4622: 4621: 4613: 4607: 4606: 4562: 4556: 4555: 4511: 4500: 4499: 4459: 4450: 4449: 4447: 4445: 4431: 4425: 4424:, ThoughtCo.com. 4418: 4412: 4411:, ThoughtCo.com. 4405: 4399: 4398:, ThoughtCo.com. 4392: 4386: 4385:, ThoughtCo.com. 4379: 4373: 4372: 4370: 4368: 4354: 4348: 4337: 4331: 4330: 4309:Museum of London 4297: 4291: 4290: 4276: 4270: 4263: 4257: 4256: 4236: 4230: 4223: 4210: 4209: 4189: 4183: 4178:Arthur Marwick, 4176: 4170: 4169: 4149: 4143: 4142: 4122: 4116: 4115: 4095: 4089: 4079: 4073: 4072: 4070: 4068: 4053: 4047: 4046: 4028: 4022: 4021: 4019: 4017: 4006: 4000: 3999: 3976: 3970: 3969: 3967: 3965: 3950: 3944: 3937: 3931: 3930: 3910: 3904: 3897: 3891: 3883: 3877: 3876: 3874: 3872: 3857: 3848: 3847: 3845: 3843: 3829: 3823: 3822: 3804: 3798: 3797: 3790: 3784: 3783: 3758:(4): 1112–1136. 3747: 3741: 3740: 3729:. Random House. 3720: 3714: 3713: 3705: 3689: 3681: 3675: 3674: 3654: 3648: 3647: 3645: 3643: 3629: 3621: 3615: 3614: 3612: 3610: 3575: 3569: 3566: 3557: 3556: 3555: 3553: 3538: 3529: 3528: 3526: 3524: 3510: 3501: 3500: 3498: 3496: 3489:"Women's rights" 3485: 3476: 3475: 3455: 3446: 3445: 3425: 3419: 3418: 3398: 3392: 3391: 3371: 3365: 3359: 3353: 3352: 3350: 3348: 3332: 3175:National Gallery 3081:September 1909: 2928:John Stuart Mill 2920:Josephine Butler 2833:. He concludes: 2818:Henry Brailsford 2797:Suffrage Atelier 2793:Clemence Housman 2788:Laurence Housman 2783:Laurence Housman 2775:Male suffragists 2746:Barbara Bodichon 2696:in 1889 and the 2682:Sylvia Pankhurst 2629:Arthur Henderson 2535:Sylvia Pankhurst 2533:(1880–1958) and 2489:WSPU poster 1914 2384:House of Commons 2375:John Stuart Mill 2301:Later that year 2292:John Stuart Mill 2280:John Stuart Mill 2253:People's Charter 2184:Great Reform Act 2078: 2071: 2064: 2050: 2049: 2048: 1989:Feminist parties 1984:Muslim feminists 1979:Jewish feminists 1890: 1871:History of women 1494:Political theory 1262: 1192: 1165: 1158:Women-only space 1043:Likeability trap 931:Female education 745:Anti-pornography 600: 599: 595: 311:Lesbian of color 294: 171:Women's suffrage 147:Muslim countries 142:Women's suffrage 59:Feminist history 52: 41: 18: 7255: 7254: 7250: 7249: 7248: 7246: 7245: 7244: 7210: 7209: 7208: 7203: 7160: 7104: 7054: 7025: 7011:1906 WSPU march 6999: 6990: 6964: 6959: 6929: 6924: 6846: 6792:Ballot Act 1872 6775: 6712: 6682: 6609: 6558:the People Acts 6557: 6550: 6547: 6517: 6512: 6477:(upcoming film) 6403:Votes for Women 6359: 6353: 6327: 6266:Holloway brooch 6261:Holloway banner 6092: 6082: 6051:Night of Terror 5984: 5928: 5820: 5581: 5500: 5495: 5427: 5412: 5407: 5386:Lewis, J., ed. 5382: 5380:Primary sources 5377: 5340: 5331: 5304: 5288: 5253: 5235:History Compass 5223: 5213: 5200: 5194: 5181: 5175: 5158: 5149:Female suffrage 5141: 5135: 5122: 5114:Votes For Women 5110: 5101: 5077: 5061: 5048: 5029: 4988: 4973: 4950: 4941: 4925: 4907:Social Networks 4902: 4897: 4882: 4865: 4854: 4852:Further reading 4849: 4840: 4836: 4827: 4823: 4816: 4801: 4800: 4796: 4789: 4785: 4777: 4773: 4765: 4761: 4753: 4749: 4741: 4737: 4727: 4725: 4716: 4715: 4711: 4706:. 3 April 2017. 4696: 4695: 4691: 4684: 4669: 4668: 4664: 4658:j.ctt1g69xrh.58 4650: 4633: 4632: 4625: 4615: 4614: 4610: 4564: 4563: 4559: 4536: 4513: 4512: 4503: 4461: 4460: 4453: 4443: 4441: 4433: 4432: 4428: 4419: 4415: 4406: 4402: 4393: 4389: 4380: 4376: 4366: 4364: 4356: 4355: 4351: 4339:Marina Warner, 4338: 4334: 4319: 4301:Atkinson, Diane 4299: 4298: 4294: 4278: 4277: 4273: 4264: 4260: 4253: 4238: 4237: 4233: 4224: 4213: 4206: 4191: 4190: 4186: 4177: 4173: 4166: 4151: 4150: 4146: 4139: 4124: 4123: 4119: 4112: 4097: 4096: 4092: 4080: 4076: 4066: 4064: 4062:History Ireland 4055: 4054: 4050: 4043: 4030: 4029: 4025: 4015: 4013: 4008: 4007: 4003: 3996: 3978: 3977: 3973: 3963: 3961: 3952: 3951: 3947: 3938: 3934: 3927: 3912: 3911: 3907: 3898: 3894: 3884: 3880: 3870: 3868: 3859: 3858: 3851: 3841: 3839: 3831: 3830: 3826: 3819: 3806: 3805: 3801: 3792: 3791: 3787: 3764:10.2307/2168771 3749: 3748: 3744: 3737: 3722: 3721: 3717: 3707: 3683: 3682: 3678: 3671: 3656: 3655: 3651: 3641: 3639: 3623: 3622: 3618: 3608: 3606: 3577: 3576: 3572: 3567: 3560: 3551: 3549: 3540: 3539: 3532: 3522: 3520: 3512: 3511: 3504: 3494: 3492: 3487: 3486: 3479: 3472: 3464:. p. 136. 3458:Heater (2006). 3457: 3456: 3449: 3442: 3427: 3426: 3422: 3415: 3400: 3399: 3395: 3388: 3373: 3372: 3368: 3360: 3356: 3346: 3344: 3334: 3333: 3329: 3325: 3320: 3301:Anti-suffragism 3241: 3171:Diego Velázquez 3160:Mary Richardson 3158:13 March 1914: 3122:February 1913: 3117:George Lansbury 3007:February 1907: 2982:formed (led by 2945:Primrose League 2885: 2861:was erected in 2826: 2810:Israel Zangwill 2785: 2777: 2655: 2616: 2607: 2605:First World War 2519: 2513: 2507: 2465: 2463:Pressure groups 2442: 2434:Primrose League 2430: 2428:Primrose League 2413: 2408: 2371: 2288: 2256:gain the vote. 2226:Church in Wales 2182:Until the 1832 2180: 2160:First World War 2128:Reform Act 1832 2082: 2046: 2044: 2039: 2038: 1940: 1887: 1879: 1878: 1877: 1786:Northern Cyprus 1566: 1558: 1557: 1552: 1374:Science fiction 1325: 1304:Women's studies 1269:Feminist method 1259: 1249: 1248: 1243: 1189: 1181: 1180: 1179: 1163: 1073:Oedipus complex 1063:Men in feminism 1028:Language reform 1008:Ideal womanhood 988:Gender equality 983:Formal equality 946:Feminationalism 883: 875: 874: 873: 830:Post-structural 729: 719: 718: 717: 626: 616: 615: 614: 597: 594:Gender-critical 593: 592: 543:Femonationalism 527: 519: 518: 513: 492:Native American 432: 387:Critical theory 349: 291: 281: 280: 275: 230:Second Republic 158: 128: 95: 69:Women's history 49: 12: 11: 5: 7253: 7251: 7243: 7242: 7237: 7232: 7227: 7222: 7212: 7211: 7205: 7204: 7202: 7201: 7196: 7191: 7186: 7185: 7184: 7174: 7168: 7166: 7162: 7161: 7159: 7158: 7153: 7148: 7143: 7138: 7133: 7128: 7123: 7118: 7112: 7110: 7106: 7105: 7103: 7102: 7101:(2018 musical) 7094: 7086: 7078: 7070: 7062: 7060: 7056: 7055: 7053: 7052: 7048:Rise up, Women 7044: 7039: 7033: 7031: 7027: 7026: 7024: 7023: 7018: 7013: 7007: 7005: 7001: 7000: 6993: 6991: 6989: 6988: 6983: 6978: 6972: 6970: 6966: 6965: 6960: 6958: 6957: 6950: 6943: 6935: 6926: 6925: 6923: 6922: 6917: 6912: 6907: 6902: 6897: 6892: 6891: 6890: 6888:Historiography 6885: 6875: 6870: 6865: 6860: 6854: 6852: 6851:Related topics 6848: 6847: 6845: 6844: 6839: 6834: 6829: 6824: 6819: 6814: 6809: 6804: 6799: 6794: 6789: 6783: 6781: 6777: 6776: 6774: 6773: 6768: 6763: 6758: 6753: 6748: 6743: 6738: 6733: 6728: 6722: 6720: 6714: 6713: 6711: 6710: 6705: 6700: 6698:Scotland, 1833 6694: 6692: 6688: 6687: 6684: 6683: 6681: 6680: 6675: 6670: 6665: 6660: 6655: 6650: 6645: 6640: 6635: 6630: 6625: 6620: 6614: 6611: 6610: 6608: 6607: 6602: 6597: 6595:Scotland, 1868 6592: 6587: 6582: 6580:Scotland, 1832 6577: 6571: 6569: 6560: 6552: 6551: 6548: 6546: 6545: 6538: 6531: 6523: 6514: 6513: 6511: 6510: 6505: 6500: 6495: 6489: 6484: 6479: 6471: 6470:(2022 musical) 6463: 6462:(2018 musical) 6455: 6447: 6439: 6431: 6423: 6415: 6407: 6399: 6394: 6392:Suffrage plays 6389: 6384: 6376: 6371: 6363: 6361: 6355: 6354: 6352: 6351: 6346: 6341: 6335: 6333: 6329: 6328: 6326: 6325: 6320: 6315: 6310: 6305: 6300: 6295: 6290: 6285: 6280: 6275: 6268: 6263: 6258: 6253: 6248: 6243: 6238: 6233: 6226: 6219: 6215:Great Petition 6211: 6203: 6196: 6188: 6181: 6174: 6169: 6161: 6156: 6152:Rise up, Women 6148: 6143: 6136: 6131: 6126: 6121: 6120: 6119: 6114: 6104: 6098: 6096: 6088: 6087: 6084: 6083: 6081: 6080: 6075: 6070: 6065: 6060: 6059: 6058: 6056:Prison Special 6053: 6043: 6038: 6036:Suffrage Torch 6033: 6028: 6023: 6018: 6013: 6008: 6003: 5998: 5992: 5990: 5986: 5985: 5983: 5982: 5977: 5972: 5967: 5962: 5957: 5952: 5947: 5942: 5936: 5934: 5930: 5929: 5927: 5926: 5921: 5916: 5911: 5910: 5909: 5904: 5899: 5894: 5889: 5884: 5879: 5874: 5869: 5864: 5859: 5854: 5849: 5844: 5832: 5826: 5822: 5821: 5819: 5818: 5817: 5816: 5811: 5789: 5784: 5779: 5774: 5769: 5764: 5759: 5754: 5744: 5743: 5742: 5741: 5740: 5735: 5730: 5722: 5721: 5720: 5715: 5710: 5708:Cayman Islands 5698:United Kingdom 5695: 5690: 5685: 5680: 5672: 5667: 5662: 5657: 5652: 5647: 5642: 5637: 5632: 5627: 5622: 5617: 5616: 5615: 5610: 5605: 5595: 5589: 5587: 5583: 5582: 5580: 5579: 5574: 5569: 5564: 5559: 5554: 5549: 5544: 5539: 5534: 5529: 5524: 5519: 5514: 5508: 5506: 5502: 5501: 5496: 5494: 5493: 5486: 5479: 5471: 5465: 5464: 5453: 5442: 5425: 5419: 5411: 5410:External links 5408: 5406: 5405: 5398: 5391: 5383: 5381: 5378: 5376: 5375: 5365: 5353:(1): 115–119. 5338: 5313:(4): 576–590. 5302: 5295: 5286: 5266:(6): 985–995. 5251: 5241: 5231: 5222: 5219: 5218: 5217: 5211: 5198: 5192: 5179: 5173: 5156: 5143:Smith, Goldwin 5139: 5133: 5120: 5108: 5091:(1): 103–133. 5075: 5067:Pugh, Martin. 5065: 5059: 5046: 5036: 5008:10.1086/386223 5001:(3): 340–371. 4986: 4971: 4964: 4957: 4948: 4939: 4932: 4923: 4913:(4): 634–644. 4895: 4880: 4863: 4855: 4853: 4850: 4848: 4847: 4834: 4821: 4814: 4794: 4783: 4781:, p. 120. 4771: 4759: 4757:, p. 350. 4747: 4735: 4709: 4689: 4682: 4662: 4648: 4623: 4608: 4573:(71): 98–127. 4557: 4534: 4501: 4474:(4): 623–637. 4451: 4426: 4413: 4409:"Emily Davies" 4400: 4387: 4374: 4349: 4332: 4317: 4292: 4271: 4265:D. E. Butler, 4258: 4251: 4231: 4211: 4204: 4184: 4171: 4164: 4152:Smith (2014). 4144: 4137: 4117: 4110: 4090: 4074: 4048: 4041: 4023: 4001: 3994: 3971: 3945: 3932: 3925: 3905: 3892: 3878: 3849: 3824: 3817: 3799: 3785: 3742: 3735: 3715: 3676: 3669: 3649: 3616: 3570: 3558: 3530: 3502: 3477: 3470: 3447: 3440: 3420: 3413: 3393: 3386: 3366: 3354: 3326: 3324: 3321: 3319: 3318: 3313: 3308: 3303: 3298: 3293: 3288: 3283: 3278: 3273: 3268: 3263: 3258: 3253: 3248: 3242: 3240: 3237: 3236: 3235: 3232: 3225: 3218: 3207: 3200: 3189: 3182: 3156: 3145: 3131: 3120: 3115:October 1912: 3113: 3107: 3104: 3093: 3086: 3079: 3072: 3065: 3062: 3059: 3044: 3037: 3030: 3023: 3016: 3005: 2998: 2987: 2976: 2965: 2958: 2951: 2948: 2941: 2934: 2931: 2924: 2915: 2908: 2905: 2898:Jeremy Bentham 2884: 2881: 2825: 2822: 2814:Henry Nevinson 2784: 2781: 2776: 2773: 2768:Mary Gawthorpe 2762:American Diary 2750:Women and Work 2661:WSPU founders 2654: 2651: 2615: 2612: 2606: 2603: 2572:as he entered 2562:Elizabeth Bell 2509:Main article: 2506: 2503: 2464: 2461: 2441: 2438: 2429: 2426: 2412: 2409: 2407: 2404: 2370: 2367: 2287: 2284: 2249:William Lovett 2179: 2176: 2084: 2083: 2081: 2080: 2073: 2066: 2058: 2055: 2054: 2041: 2040: 2035: 2034: 2033: 2032: 2027: 2019: 2018: 2014: 2013: 2012: 2011: 2006: 2001: 1996: 1991: 1986: 1981: 1976: 1971: 1969:Feminist poets 1966: 1961: 1956: 1951: 1946: 1939: 1938: 1936:Feminist songs 1933: 1932: 1931: 1926: 1916: 1915: 1914: 1912:by nationality 1904: 1898: 1895: 1894: 1888: 1885: 1884: 1881: 1880: 1876: 1875: 1874: 1873: 1863: 1861:United Kingdom 1858: 1853: 1848: 1843: 1838: 1833: 1828: 1823: 1818: 1813: 1808: 1803: 1798: 1793: 1788: 1783: 1778: 1773: 1768: 1763: 1758: 1757: 1756: 1751: 1746: 1741: 1736: 1731: 1726: 1721: 1711: 1706: 1701: 1696: 1691: 1686: 1681: 1676: 1671: 1666: 1661: 1656: 1651: 1646: 1641: 1636: 1631: 1626: 1621: 1616: 1615: 1614: 1609: 1604: 1599: 1594: 1589: 1584: 1579: 1568: 1567: 1564: 1563: 1560: 1559: 1554: 1553: 1551: 1550: 1549: 1548: 1538: 1533: 1528: 1523: 1518: 1513: 1512: 1511: 1501: 1496: 1491: 1486: 1485: 1484: 1479: 1474: 1472:Existentialism 1469: 1468: 1467: 1465:Justice ethics 1457: 1452: 1447: 1437: 1432: 1427: 1426: 1425: 1423:Constructivism 1415: 1410: 1405: 1400: 1399: 1398: 1388: 1383: 1378: 1377: 1376: 1371: 1366: 1361: 1351: 1346: 1341: 1335: 1332: 1331: 1330:Areas of study 1327: 1326: 1324: 1323: 1316: 1311: 1306: 1301: 1296: 1291: 1286: 1281: 1276: 1274:Gender studies 1271: 1265: 1260: 1255: 1254: 1251: 1250: 1245: 1244: 1242: 1241: 1239:SCUM Manifesto 1236: 1231: 1226: 1221: 1216: 1211: 1206: 1201: 1195: 1190: 1187: 1186: 1183: 1182: 1178: 1177: 1172: 1170:Women's rights 1167: 1164:Women's health 1160: 1155: 1150: 1145: 1140: 1135: 1130: 1125: 1120: 1115: 1110: 1105: 1100: 1095: 1090: 1085: 1080: 1075: 1070: 1065: 1060: 1055: 1050: 1048:Male privilege 1045: 1040: 1035: 1030: 1025: 1017:International 1015: 1010: 1005: 1000: 995: 990: 985: 980: 975: 974: 973: 968: 963: 953: 948: 943: 938: 933: 928: 923: 918: 913: 908: 903: 902: 901: 891: 885: 884: 881: 880: 877: 876: 872: 871: 866: 864:Technofeminism 861: 860: 859: 854: 849: 839: 838: 837: 827: 822: 821: 820: 819: 818: 808: 803: 793: 792: 791: 790: 789: 774: 769: 764: 763: 762: 757: 747: 742: 737: 731: 730: 725: 724: 721: 720: 716: 715: 710: 709: 708: 698: 693: 688: 687: 686: 681: 676: 666: 665: 664: 659: 654: 649: 639: 634: 628: 627: 622: 621: 618: 617: 613: 612: 607: 602: 589: 588: 587: 582: 577: 567: 562: 561: 560: 550: 545: 540: 535: 529: 528: 526:Other variants 525: 524: 521: 520: 515: 514: 512: 511: 506: 501: 496: 495: 494: 484: 483: 482: 472: 471: 470: 465: 460: 450: 444: 441: 440: 434: 433: 431: 430: 425: 424: 423: 418: 408: 407: 406: 396: 395: 394: 389: 379: 374: 373: 372: 361: 358: 357: 351: 350: 348: 347: 342: 341: 340: 330: 325: 324: 323: 318: 313: 303: 297: 292: 287: 286: 283: 282: 277: 276: 274: 273: 272: 271: 261: 260: 259: 254: 252:Cayman Islands 247:United Kingdom 244: 239: 238: 237: 232: 224: 219: 214: 209: 204: 199: 194: 189: 184: 178: 175: 174: 167: 166: 165: 164: 157: 156: 155: 154: 149: 138: 135: 134: 130: 129: 127: 126: 121: 116: 111: 105: 102: 101: 97: 96: 94: 93: 92: 91: 86: 81: 76: 66: 61: 55: 50: 47: 46: 43: 42: 34: 33: 27: 26: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 7252: 7241: 7238: 7236: 7233: 7231: 7228: 7226: 7223: 7221: 7218: 7217: 7215: 7200: 7197: 7195: 7192: 7190: 7187: 7183: 7180: 7179: 7178: 7175: 7173: 7170: 7169: 7167: 7163: 7157: 7154: 7152: 7149: 7147: 7144: 7142: 7139: 7137: 7134: 7132: 7129: 7127: 7124: 7122: 7119: 7117: 7114: 7113: 7111: 7107: 7100: 7099: 7095: 7092: 7091: 7087: 7084: 7083: 7079: 7076: 7075: 7071: 7069:" (1964 song) 7068: 7064: 7063: 7061: 7057: 7051: 7049: 7045: 7043: 7040: 7038: 7035: 7034: 7032: 7028: 7022: 7019: 7017: 7014: 7012: 7009: 7008: 7006: 7002: 6997: 6987: 6986:Women's Party 6984: 6982: 6979: 6977: 6974: 6973: 6971: 6967: 6963: 6956: 6951: 6949: 6944: 6942: 6937: 6936: 6933: 6921: 6918: 6916: 6913: 6911: 6908: 6906: 6903: 6901: 6898: 6896: 6893: 6889: 6886: 6884: 6881: 6880: 6879: 6876: 6874: 6871: 6869: 6866: 6864: 6861: 6859: 6856: 6855: 6853: 6849: 6843: 6840: 6838: 6835: 6833: 6830: 6828: 6825: 6823: 6820: 6818: 6815: 6813: 6810: 6808: 6805: 6803: 6800: 6798: 6795: 6793: 6790: 6788: 6785: 6784: 6782: 6778: 6772: 6769: 6767: 6764: 6762: 6759: 6757: 6754: 6752: 6749: 6747: 6744: 6742: 6739: 6737: 6734: 6732: 6729: 6727: 6724: 6723: 6721: 6719: 6715: 6709: 6708:Ireland, 1840 6706: 6704: 6701: 6699: 6696: 6695: 6693: 6689: 6679: 6676: 6674: 6671: 6669: 6666: 6664: 6661: 6659: 6656: 6654: 6651: 6649: 6646: 6644: 6641: 6639: 6636: 6634: 6631: 6629: 6626: 6624: 6621: 6619: 6616: 6615: 6612: 6606: 6603: 6601: 6600:Ireland, 1868 6598: 6596: 6593: 6591: 6588: 6586: 6585:Ireland, 1832 6583: 6581: 6578: 6576: 6573: 6572: 6570: 6568: 6564: 6561: 6559: 6553: 6544: 6539: 6537: 6532: 6530: 6525: 6524: 6521: 6509: 6506: 6504: 6501: 6499: 6496: 6493: 6490: 6488: 6485: 6483: 6480: 6478: 6476: 6472: 6469: 6468: 6464: 6461: 6460: 6456: 6454: 6452: 6448: 6446: 6444: 6440: 6438: 6437:(2013 sitcom) 6436: 6432: 6430: 6428: 6424: 6422: 6420: 6416: 6414: 6413:(1974 series) 6412: 6408: 6406: 6404: 6400: 6398: 6395: 6393: 6390: 6388: 6385: 6383: 6381: 6377: 6375: 6372: 6369: 6365: 6364: 6362: 6356: 6350: 6347: 6345: 6342: 6340: 6337: 6336: 6334: 6330: 6324: 6321: 6319: 6316: 6314: 6311: 6309: 6306: 6304: 6301: 6299: 6296: 6294: 6291: 6289: 6286: 6284: 6281: 6279: 6276: 6274: 6273: 6269: 6267: 6264: 6262: 6259: 6257: 6254: 6252: 6249: 6247: 6244: 6242: 6239: 6237: 6234: 6232: 6231: 6227: 6225: 6224: 6220: 6218: 6216: 6212: 6210: 6208: 6204: 6202: 6201: 6197: 6195: 6193: 6189: 6187: 6186: 6182: 6180: 6179: 6175: 6173: 6170: 6168: 6166: 6162: 6160: 6157: 6155: 6153: 6149: 6147: 6144: 6142: 6141: 6137: 6135: 6132: 6130: 6127: 6125: 6122: 6118: 6115: 6113: 6110: 6109: 6108: 6105: 6103: 6100: 6099: 6097: 6095: 6089: 6079: 6076: 6074: 6071: 6069: 6066: 6064: 6061: 6057: 6054: 6052: 6049: 6048: 6047: 6044: 6042: 6039: 6037: 6034: 6032: 6029: 6027: 6024: 6022: 6019: 6017: 6014: 6012: 6009: 6007: 6004: 6002: 5999: 5997: 5994: 5993: 5991: 5987: 5981: 5978: 5976: 5973: 5971: 5968: 5966: 5963: 5961: 5958: 5956: 5953: 5951: 5948: 5946: 5943: 5941: 5938: 5937: 5935: 5931: 5925: 5922: 5920: 5917: 5915: 5912: 5908: 5905: 5903: 5900: 5898: 5895: 5893: 5890: 5888: 5885: 5883: 5880: 5878: 5875: 5873: 5870: 5868: 5865: 5863: 5860: 5858: 5855: 5853: 5850: 5848: 5845: 5843: 5840: 5839: 5837: 5834: 5833: 5830: 5827: 5823: 5815: 5812: 5810: 5806: 5802: 5798: 5794: 5790: 5788: 5785: 5783: 5780: 5778: 5775: 5773: 5770: 5768: 5765: 5763: 5760: 5758: 5755: 5753: 5750: 5749: 5748: 5747:United States 5745: 5739: 5736: 5734: 5731: 5729: 5726: 5725: 5723: 5719: 5716: 5714: 5711: 5709: 5706: 5705: 5704: 5701: 5700: 5699: 5696: 5694: 5691: 5689: 5686: 5684: 5681: 5679: 5676: 5673: 5671: 5668: 5666: 5663: 5661: 5660:Liechtenstein 5658: 5656: 5653: 5651: 5648: 5646: 5643: 5641: 5638: 5636: 5633: 5631: 5628: 5626: 5623: 5621: 5618: 5614: 5611: 5609: 5606: 5604: 5601: 5600: 5599: 5596: 5594: 5591: 5590: 5588: 5584: 5578: 5575: 5573: 5570: 5568: 5565: 5563: 5560: 5558: 5557:Demeny voting 5555: 5553: 5550: 5548: 5545: 5543: 5540: 5538: 5535: 5533: 5530: 5528: 5525: 5523: 5520: 5518: 5515: 5513: 5510: 5509: 5507: 5503: 5499: 5492: 5487: 5485: 5480: 5478: 5473: 5472: 5469: 5462: 5458: 5454: 5451: 5447: 5443: 5438: 5436: 5430: 5426: 5423: 5420: 5417: 5414: 5413: 5409: 5403: 5399: 5396: 5392: 5389: 5385: 5384: 5379: 5374: 5370: 5366: 5361: 5356: 5352: 5348: 5344: 5339: 5335: 5328: 5324: 5320: 5316: 5312: 5308: 5303: 5300: 5296: 5292: 5287: 5283: 5279: 5274: 5269: 5265: 5261: 5257: 5252: 5250: 5246: 5242: 5240: 5236: 5232: 5229: 5225: 5224: 5220: 5214: 5208: 5204: 5199: 5195: 5189: 5185: 5180: 5176: 5170: 5166: 5162: 5157: 5152: 5150: 5144: 5140: 5136: 5130: 5126: 5121: 5116: 5115: 5109: 5105: 5098: 5094: 5090: 5086: 5085: 5080: 5076: 5074: 5070: 5066: 5062: 5056: 5052: 5047: 5045: 5041: 5037: 5033: 5026: 5022: 5018: 5014: 5009: 5004: 5000: 4996: 4992: 4987: 4983: 4979: 4978: 4972: 4969: 4966:Judge, Tony. 4965: 4962: 4958: 4954: 4949: 4945: 4940: 4937: 4933: 4929: 4924: 4920: 4916: 4912: 4908: 4901: 4896: 4892: 4888: 4887: 4881: 4876: 4874: 4868: 4864: 4861: 4860:History Today 4857: 4856: 4851: 4844: 4838: 4835: 4831: 4825: 4822: 4817: 4815:9780026055901 4811: 4807: 4806: 4798: 4795: 4792: 4787: 4784: 4780: 4775: 4772: 4768: 4763: 4760: 4756: 4751: 4748: 4744: 4739: 4736: 4724: 4720: 4713: 4710: 4705: 4704: 4699: 4693: 4690: 4685: 4683:9780435327170 4679: 4675: 4674: 4666: 4663: 4659: 4655: 4651: 4645: 4641: 4637: 4630: 4628: 4624: 4619: 4612: 4609: 4604: 4600: 4596: 4592: 4588: 4584: 4580: 4576: 4572: 4568: 4561: 4558: 4553: 4549: 4545: 4541: 4537: 4531: 4527: 4523: 4519: 4518: 4510: 4508: 4506: 4502: 4497: 4493: 4489: 4485: 4481: 4477: 4473: 4469: 4465: 4458: 4456: 4452: 4440: 4436: 4430: 4427: 4423: 4417: 4414: 4410: 4404: 4401: 4397: 4391: 4388: 4384: 4378: 4375: 4363: 4362:UK Parliament 4359: 4353: 4350: 4346: 4345:Time Magazine 4342: 4336: 4333: 4328: 4324: 4320: 4314: 4311:. p. 7. 4310: 4306: 4302: 4296: 4293: 4288: 4287: 4282: 4275: 4272: 4268: 4262: 4259: 4254: 4252:9780435327316 4248: 4244: 4243: 4235: 4232: 4228: 4222: 4220: 4218: 4216: 4212: 4207: 4205:9781108026604 4201: 4197: 4196: 4188: 4185: 4181: 4175: 4172: 4167: 4165:9781317862253 4161: 4157: 4156: 4148: 4145: 4140: 4138:9781317862253 4134: 4130: 4129: 4121: 4118: 4113: 4111:9780435327170 4107: 4103: 4102: 4094: 4091: 4087: 4083: 4078: 4075: 4063: 4059: 4052: 4049: 4044: 4042:9781909556065 4038: 4034: 4027: 4024: 4012: 4005: 4002: 3997: 3995:9780226802459 3991: 3987: 3986: 3981: 3975: 3972: 3959: 3955: 3949: 3946: 3942: 3939:Jane Marcus, 3936: 3933: 3928: 3926:9780199133734 3922: 3918: 3917: 3909: 3906: 3902: 3896: 3893: 3889: 3888: 3882: 3879: 3867: 3863: 3856: 3854: 3850: 3838: 3834: 3828: 3825: 3820: 3814: 3810: 3803: 3800: 3795: 3789: 3786: 3781: 3777: 3773: 3769: 3765: 3761: 3757: 3753: 3746: 3743: 3738: 3736:9781446413500 3732: 3728: 3727: 3719: 3716: 3711: 3703: 3699: 3695: 3694: 3688: 3680: 3677: 3672: 3666: 3662: 3661: 3653: 3650: 3637: 3633: 3632:The Telegraph 3628: 3620: 3617: 3605: 3601: 3597: 3593: 3589: 3585: 3581: 3574: 3571: 3565: 3563: 3559: 3547: 3543: 3537: 3535: 3531: 3519: 3515: 3509: 3507: 3503: 3490: 3484: 3482: 3478: 3473: 3471:9780748626724 3467: 3463: 3462: 3454: 3452: 3448: 3443: 3441:9780748626724 3437: 3433: 3432: 3424: 3421: 3416: 3410: 3406: 3405: 3397: 3394: 3389: 3383: 3379: 3378: 3370: 3367: 3364: 3358: 3355: 3343: 3342: 3337: 3331: 3328: 3322: 3317: 3314: 3312: 3309: 3307: 3304: 3302: 3299: 3297: 3294: 3292: 3289: 3287: 3284: 3282: 3279: 3277: 3274: 3272: 3269: 3267: 3264: 3262: 3259: 3257: 3254: 3252: 3249: 3247: 3244: 3243: 3238: 3233: 3230: 3226: 3223: 3219: 3216: 3212: 3208: 3205: 3201: 3198: 3194: 3190: 3187: 3183: 3180: 3176: 3172: 3168: 3167: 3161: 3157: 3154: 3150: 3149:Emily Davison 3147:4 June 1913: 3146: 3144: 3140: 3139:Hugh Franklin 3136: 3132: 3129: 3125: 3121: 3118: 3114: 3112: 3108: 3105: 3102: 3101:H. H. Asquith 3098: 3094: 3091: 3087: 3084: 3083:Force feeding 3080: 3077: 3073: 3070: 3067:5 July 1909: 3066: 3063: 3060: 3057: 3053: 3049: 3045: 3042: 3038: 3035: 3031: 3028: 3024: 3021: 3017: 3014: 3010: 3006: 3003: 2999: 2996: 2992: 2988: 2985: 2981: 2977: 2974: 2970: 2966: 2963: 2959: 2956: 2952: 2949: 2946: 2942: 2939: 2935: 2932: 2929: 2925: 2921: 2916: 2913: 2909: 2906: 2903: 2899: 2895: 2894: 2889: 2882: 2880: 2878: 2877: 2872: 2868: 2864: 2860: 2855: 2853: 2849: 2845: 2839: 2834: 2832: 2823: 2821: 2819: 2815: 2811: 2807: 2802: 2798: 2794: 2789: 2782: 2780: 2774: 2772: 2769: 2765: 2763: 2759: 2755: 2751: 2747: 2743: 2739: 2735: 2734: 2729: 2725: 2723: 2719: 2715: 2710: 2706: 2701: 2699: 2695: 2691: 2687: 2683: 2679: 2674: 2668: 2664: 2659: 2652: 2650: 2647: 2642: 2636: 2634: 2631:, called for 2630: 2624: 2622: 2613: 2611: 2604: 2601: 2599: 2592: 2589: 2586: 2581: 2579: 2575: 2571: 2567: 2566:Lillian Metge 2563: 2559: 2558:Dorothy Evans 2555: 2551: 2546: 2543: 2538: 2536: 2532: 2528: 2524: 2518: 2512: 2504: 2502: 2500: 2496: 2487: 2483: 2481: 2476: 2474: 2470: 2462: 2460: 2458: 2457:H. H. Asquith 2453: 2451: 2447: 2437: 2435: 2427: 2425: 2417: 2405: 2403: 2401: 2397: 2392: 2390: 2385: 2381: 2376: 2368: 2366: 2363: 2359: 2355: 2350: 2347: 2345: 2341: 2337: 2333: 2327: 2325: 2324: 2323:The Spectator 2319: 2315: 2311: 2306: 2304: 2299: 2297: 2293: 2285: 2283: 2281: 2276: 2272: 2270: 2265: 2264:Lilly Maxwell 2261: 2257: 2254: 2250: 2246: 2241: 2239: 2234: 2231: 2227: 2223: 2219: 2215: 2211: 2207: 2202: 2198: 2194: 2190: 2185: 2177: 2175: 2173: 2169: 2165: 2161: 2156: 2154: 2149: 2145: 2141: 2137: 2133: 2129: 2125: 2124:Victorian era 2121: 2117: 2109: 2105: 2098: 2094: 2090: 2079: 2074: 2072: 2067: 2065: 2060: 2059: 2057: 2056: 2053: 2043: 2042: 2031: 2028: 2026: 2023: 2022: 2021: 2020: 2015: 2010: 2007: 2005: 2002: 2000: 1997: 1995: 1992: 1990: 1987: 1985: 1982: 1980: 1977: 1975: 1972: 1970: 1967: 1965: 1962: 1960: 1957: 1955: 1952: 1950: 1947: 1945: 1942: 1941: 1937: 1934: 1930: 1927: 1925: 1922: 1921: 1920: 1917: 1913: 1910: 1909: 1908: 1905: 1903: 1900: 1899: 1897: 1896: 1891: 1883: 1882: 1872: 1869: 1868: 1867: 1866:United States 1864: 1862: 1859: 1857: 1854: 1852: 1849: 1847: 1844: 1842: 1839: 1837: 1834: 1832: 1829: 1827: 1824: 1822: 1819: 1817: 1814: 1812: 1809: 1807: 1804: 1802: 1799: 1797: 1794: 1792: 1789: 1787: 1784: 1782: 1779: 1777: 1774: 1772: 1769: 1767: 1764: 1762: 1759: 1755: 1752: 1750: 1747: 1745: 1742: 1740: 1737: 1735: 1732: 1730: 1727: 1725: 1722: 1720: 1717: 1716: 1715: 1714:Latin America 1712: 1710: 1707: 1705: 1702: 1700: 1697: 1695: 1692: 1690: 1687: 1685: 1682: 1680: 1677: 1675: 1672: 1670: 1667: 1665: 1662: 1660: 1657: 1655: 1652: 1650: 1647: 1645: 1642: 1640: 1637: 1635: 1632: 1630: 1627: 1625: 1622: 1620: 1617: 1613: 1610: 1608: 1605: 1603: 1600: 1598: 1595: 1593: 1590: 1588: 1585: 1583: 1580: 1578: 1575: 1574: 1573: 1570: 1569: 1562: 1561: 1547: 1544: 1543: 1542: 1539: 1537: 1536:Technoscience 1534: 1532: 1529: 1527: 1524: 1522: 1519: 1517: 1514: 1510: 1507: 1506: 1505: 1502: 1500: 1497: 1495: 1492: 1490: 1487: 1483: 1480: 1478: 1475: 1473: 1470: 1466: 1463: 1462: 1461: 1458: 1456: 1453: 1451: 1448: 1446: 1443: 1442: 1441: 1438: 1436: 1433: 1431: 1428: 1424: 1421: 1420: 1419: 1416: 1414: 1411: 1409: 1406: 1404: 1401: 1397: 1394: 1393: 1392: 1389: 1387: 1384: 1382: 1379: 1375: 1372: 1370: 1367: 1365: 1362: 1360: 1359:Art criticism 1357: 1356: 1355: 1352: 1350: 1347: 1345: 1342: 1340: 1337: 1336: 1334: 1333: 1328: 1322: 1321: 1317: 1315: 1312: 1310: 1309:Men's studies 1307: 1305: 1302: 1300: 1297: 1295: 1292: 1290: 1287: 1285: 1282: 1280: 1277: 1275: 1272: 1270: 1267: 1266: 1264: 1263: 1258: 1253: 1252: 1240: 1237: 1235: 1232: 1230: 1227: 1225: 1222: 1220: 1217: 1215: 1212: 1210: 1209:Views on BDSM 1207: 1205: 1202: 1200: 1197: 1196: 1194: 1193: 1185: 1184: 1176: 1173: 1171: 1168: 1166: 1161: 1159: 1156: 1154: 1151: 1149: 1146: 1144: 1141: 1139: 1136: 1134: 1133:Transmisogyny 1131: 1129: 1126: 1124: 1121: 1119: 1116: 1114: 1111: 1109: 1106: 1104: 1101: 1099: 1096: 1094: 1093:Purplewashing 1091: 1089: 1088:Protofeminism 1086: 1084: 1081: 1079: 1076: 1074: 1071: 1069: 1066: 1064: 1061: 1059: 1056: 1054: 1051: 1049: 1046: 1044: 1041: 1039: 1036: 1034: 1031: 1029: 1026: 1024: 1020: 1016: 1014: 1011: 1009: 1006: 1004: 1003:Honor killing 1001: 999: 996: 994: 991: 989: 986: 984: 981: 979: 976: 972: 969: 967: 964: 962: 959: 958: 957: 954: 952: 949: 947: 944: 942: 939: 937: 934: 932: 929: 927: 924: 922: 919: 917: 914: 912: 909: 907: 904: 900: 897: 896: 895: 892: 890: 887: 886: 879: 878: 870: 867: 865: 862: 858: 855: 853: 850: 848: 845: 844: 843: 840: 836: 833: 832: 831: 828: 826: 823: 817: 814: 813: 812: 809: 807: 804: 802: 799: 798: 797: 794: 788: 785: 784: 783: 780: 779: 778: 777:Individualist 775: 773: 770: 768: 765: 761: 758: 756: 753: 752: 751: 750:Cyberfeminism 748: 746: 743: 741: 738: 736: 733: 732: 728: 723: 722: 714: 711: 707: 704: 703: 702: 699: 697: 694: 692: 689: 685: 682: 680: 677: 675: 672: 671: 670: 667: 663: 660: 658: 655: 653: 650: 648: 645: 644: 643: 640: 638: 635: 633: 630: 629: 625: 620: 619: 611: 608: 606: 603: 601: 590: 586: 583: 581: 578: 576: 573: 572: 571: 568: 566: 563: 559: 556: 555: 554: 551: 549: 546: 544: 541: 539: 536: 534: 533:Anti-abortion 531: 530: 523: 522: 510: 507: 505: 502: 500: 497: 493: 490: 489: 488: 485: 481: 478: 477: 476: 473: 469: 466: 464: 461: 459: 456: 455: 454: 451: 449: 446: 445: 443: 442: 439: 438:Multicultural 435: 429: 426: 422: 421:Transnational 419: 417: 414: 413: 412: 409: 405: 402: 401: 400: 397: 393: 390: 388: 385: 384: 383: 380: 378: 375: 371: 368: 367: 366: 363: 362: 360: 359: 356: 352: 346: 343: 339: 338:Postgenderism 336: 335: 334: 333:Transfeminism 331: 329: 326: 322: 319: 317: 314: 312: 309: 308: 307: 304: 302: 299: 298: 296: 295: 290: 285: 284: 270: 267: 266: 265: 264:United States 262: 258: 255: 253: 250: 249: 248: 245: 243: 240: 236: 233: 231: 228: 227: 225: 223: 220: 218: 217:Liechtenstein 215: 213: 210: 208: 205: 203: 200: 198: 195: 193: 190: 188: 185: 183: 180: 179: 177: 176: 172: 168: 163: 160: 159: 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Routledge. 4927: 4910: 4906: 4885: 4872: 4859: 4842: 4837: 4829: 4824: 4804: 4797: 4786: 4774: 4762: 4750: 4745:, p. 7. 4738: 4726:. Retrieved 4722: 4712: 4703:The Guardian 4701: 4692: 4672: 4665: 4639: 4617: 4611: 4570: 4566: 4560: 4516: 4471: 4467: 4442:. Retrieved 4439:dlib.nyu.edu 4438: 4429: 4416: 4403: 4390: 4377: 4365:. Retrieved 4361: 4352: 4344: 4335: 4304: 4295: 4284: 4274: 4266: 4261: 4241: 4234: 4226: 4194: 4187: 4179: 4174: 4154: 4147: 4127: 4120: 4100: 4093: 4077: 4065:. Retrieved 4061: 4051: 4032: 4026: 4014:. Retrieved 4004: 3984: 3980:Lisa Tickner 3974: 3962:. Retrieved 3957: 3948: 3940: 3935: 3915: 3908: 3900: 3895: 3885: 3881: 3869:. Retrieved 3865: 3840:. Retrieved 3836: 3827: 3808: 3802: 3788: 3755: 3751: 3745: 3725: 3718: 3691: 3679: 3659: 3652: 3640:. Retrieved 3631: 3619: 3607:. Retrieved 3587: 3583: 3573: 3550:, retrieved 3545: 3521:. Retrieved 3517: 3493:. Retrieved 3460: 3430: 3423: 3403: 3396: 3376: 3369: 3357: 3345:. 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