616:
520:
235:). Women-only policies vary from company to company: some are in effect during rush hour, others throughout the day, while some limit women-only cars to rapid service trains, as they tend to be more crowded and have relatively longer distances between stops. But in general, the policy is effective only on weekdays, excluding holidays. Platforms and train doors are marked with signs indicating boarding areas for the cars, and the days and times when the cars are women-only. Though intended to be exclusive to women, most train operators in Japan allow male elementary school pupils, disabled persons, and their assistants to board women-only cars.
476:
456:
604:
381:
are designated for women 24 hours a day, one compartment is reserved for women during specified hours. The women-only compartments are provided for first as well as second class travel. Also, "Ladies' Special" trains have been introduced during peak hours where the entire train is reserved for women. There are three-four women-only specials during peak hours. With the number of women needing to travel doubling in 2000's, there is a very strong demand for these kinds of services. Many rail services offer women-only cars, including, among others, the
319:
105:
431:
stickers colored purple or pink. Since
October 1, 2012, PT Kereta Api Indonesia (Persero) Commuter Jabodetabek (now pt kereta commuter indonesia) launched the women-only trains. All of the coach cars of this train are only for women, and men don't enter these trains. This service ended in May 2013 after reports found mixed-use cars were overcrowded during rush hour while women-only cars were underutilized.
218:
202:
367:
302:, which carries passengers at as much as 160% capacity, had a reputation for having the worst groping problem in all of Japan. Tokyo-area companies resisted the change because of logistical difficulties and fear of overcrowding in mixed-gender cars, but in 2005 they introduced women-only cars during rush hour, after awareness campaigns and tougher sentencing proved ineffective.
758:
individual women passengers who might be left with men in the compartment as passengers alighted, a few compartments (typically the end one in each train unit) were labelled as Ladies Only. At a time when No
Smoking compartments were denoted by red window labels, and First Class by blue labels, the Ladies Only compartments were shown by green window labels.
194:
20:
380:
Across India, all long-distance train services have special compartments reserved for women only. In Mumbai, the commercial metropolis, all suburban commuter trains have compartments specially meant only for women, though children of school-going age are also allowed to travel. While two compartments
305:
Women-only cars have received positive reactions from some men and some women. Women cited safety from gropers, as well as not having to tolerate various smells. Men cited not having to worry about false accusations of being a groper. However, passengers complained about further overcrowding in mixed
422:
The women-only carriages on commuter trains are usually denoted by large pink or purple stickers, which read "Kereta Khusus Wanita", and are located at each end of the train. This kind of carriage was previously only able to be found on air-conditioned
Electric Multiple Units (EMUs), but a number of
757:
On the old type of local trains, no longer operating, individual compartments of the traditional type were right across the carriage (typically 9 or so per carriage), with no corridor, bench seats for 5 or so on each side, and access only through many individual side doors. Because of concerns from
531:
Sexual harassment in
Malaysia is common, and since 2010 trains on the Malaysian Railway have included pink-colored women-only cars as a means of cutting down on it. There are also women-only buses in Kuala Lumpur since 2010. In 2011, the government launched a women-only taxi service in the greater
357:
in 1947, after the end of World War II. At the time, overcrowding on these lines during rush hours was so severe that women and children often could not physically board trains. The cars remained in use on morning inbound Chuo Main Line trains until 1973, when priority seating was introduced; they
430:
EMU, set number 6107F), which intended as further protection for women passengers from sexual harassment. To give difference from standard EMUs (which only provides women-only carriages on each end of the train), the women-only train had all of its cars decorated with large "Kereta Khusus Wanita"
250:
in subway carriages in nationwide Japan between 2005 and 2014 ranges from 283 to 497 cases each year. The police and railway companies responded with poster campaigns to raise awareness and with tougher sentences, but incidence continues to increase. In 2004, the Tokyo police reported a threefold
119:
implemented the mandate established by state law. It was passed in the previous month to have dedicated passenger cars for women to avoid sexual harassment. For trains with six passenger cars, one subway car is marked with pink colors as exclusive for women, and the women-only restriction applies
423:
recently repaired non-air conditioned EMUs (series KL3 or K3) have also been equipped with the purple women-only carriage stickers. Now, the women-only carriage stickers in
Jabodetabek EMUs has been removed from February 2016 until now, and only replaced with the pink women-only carriages signs.
309:
Japanese legislation from 1900 provides for a 10 yen fine for male passengers who enter a female-only railway car or waiting room; this law is technically still in effect, but the
Japanese government has opined that it would not apply to the "women only" cars that are currently in use, making
84:
are reserved for women (the 5th car in the Cairo Metro becomes mixed use after 21:00). These cars are used as an option for women who do not wish to ride with men in the same car; however, women can still ride other cars freely. This policy was introduced for protection of women from sexual
120:
from Monday through Friday during the rush hours, between 6:00 and 9:00 and between 17:00 and 20:00. There is metro police enforcement to prevent men from boarding the dedicated passenger car, and the platform has a sign on the floor indicating the boarding point for women-only cars.
442:
operator in
Jakarta, introduced women-only areas in its buses. It is located at the front of each bus, from behind the driver to the seats near the door. In July 2022, the Transportation Service of the provincial government of Jakarta planned to introduce women-only areas in
306:
cars, and feared that women who ride mixed cars would be putting themselves at more risk than before. Visually-impaired men have been reported to unknowingly enter a women-only car and to be warned by other passengers, facing serious embarrassment.
691:
regional train in 2016. Reactions from passengers were mixed. While some welcomed the measure as it made women feel safer, others thought that separating genders was "something from the past" and a "backward solution". It is now gone.
646:($ 27.25 USD). The women-only carriages used to be half a carriage with a demarcation line marking the divide between the normal space and the women-only space. Around 98 fines are issued every day regarding women-only carriages.
475:
560:) of every LRT-1 trainset as exclusive to the elderly, pregnant women, people with disabilities, and adults with infants or children. On November 27, 2002, this was extended to include all women passengers as well.
285:
became the third company in Japan to run trains with women-only cars, and the JR West trains in Osaka became the first to offer women-only cars during morning rush hour. The same year, two more Osaka-area railways,
641:
Every train on Dubai's metro system has one designated carriage which is only for women and children between 7:00 to 9:00 and 17:00 to 20:00 on weekdays. Men entering the carriage during these times are fined 100
753:
The last "Ladies Only" accommodation in
British trains was withdrawn in 1977, due to a combination of different train types being introduced and equality legislation which prevented gender-specific provisions.
455:
615:
1737:
131:(CPTM) decided not to continue after some complaints by married couples and to avoid any possible contravention of article 5 of the Brazilian Constitution, that guarantees equality among citizens.
849:
1706:
294:, added women-only cars to their limited express trains, and Hankyu became the first company to run women-only cars all day long. Other Osaka-area companies followed suit, including
1937:
603:
776:
said he would consult on the option of introducing women-only carriages to help reduce harassment. Labour MP Geraint Davies said that the proposed system would become like
1328:
1065:
1229:
Mitsutoshii, Horii; Burgess, Adam (2012). "Constructing sexual risk: 'Chikan', collapsing male authority and the emergence of women-only train carriages in Japan".
829:
278:
and had become notorious for gropers because of crowding and longer distances between stops. The following year, the service was extended to evening rush hour.
1472:
1745:
977:
1153:
770:
128:
1714:
709:
1911:
519:
703:
1768:
1668:
593:, they were abolished after 3 months. There are also waiting sections for women-only in specific times (for example, during night hours on
262:
and its suburbs, offered women-only cars late at night on a trial basis, in response to complaints about groping by drunken men during the
169:
offered women-only cars between New York and Jersey City from April to July 1909. The service was revived in 1958, but later discontinued.
1987:
2002:
1303:
162:
1354:
330:, when they were introduced during rush hours to separate male and female students. Called "Flower Trains", the service ended during
1977:
1823:
636:
2007:
564:
553:
1397:
1992:
1267:
239:
166:
153:
has women-only cars. Mexico City also has women-only taxis and buses called the "pink line". Buses and taxis are now gone.
586:
266:
party season. Keio began running trains with late-night women-only cars on a full-time basis in March 2001. In July 2001,
419:
from August 2010 in response to many reports of sexual harassment in public places, including commuter trains and buses.
1839:
1117:
541:
1611:
1376:
643:
243:
1889:
1135:
1997:
1982:
1446:
1420:
568:
549:
545:
416:
1139:
1639:
1157:
766:
427:
1504:
1047:
809:
295:
1261:
655:
590:
255:
231:
1857:
921:
481:
Interior view of a women-only car on a KRL Jabotabek commuter train in the
Jakarta area, November 2011
735:
116:
109:
38:
318:
1644:
1616:
1070:
1023:
789:
708:
622:
81:
1215:
1183:[Railway Business Law - "Women-only car" It is legally OK even if a man rides]. PRESIDENT.
765:
mentioned a possible revival of the women-only carriages during a speech to a fringe event at the
1246:
834:
743:
402:
354:
347:
275:
1665:
124:
1957:
1819:
1480:
746:
727:
719:
514:
439:
150:
46:
1043:
877:
1238:
1154:"Japan: Visually-impaired want railways to clarify stance on riding in women-only carriages"
804:
794:
731:
714:
678:
462:
247:
210:
1588:
1113:
1692:
1672:
799:
580:
557:
524:
140:
99:
42:
1938:"Jeremy Corbyn's women-only carriages idea is 'apartheid', says Labour MP Geraint Davies"
567:
followed suit, designating the first car (consisting of three articulated cars) of every
426:
Recently, PT Kereta Api launched a special women-only train (the train itself uses an ex-
903:
1688:
1589:"Malaysia launches women-only taxis, hoping to reduce number of rape and robbery cases"
926:
375:
343:
327:
291:
287:
183:
104:
71:
50:
31:
1085:
850:"Homens não respeitam vagão exclusivo para mulheres no Metrô no primeiro dia em vigor"
1971:
1676:
1250:
1194:
1121:
773:
723:
571:
trainset as exclusive to women, children, the elderly, and people with disabilities.
492:
412:
408:
390:
299:
35:
161:
In 1909, the Women's
Municipal League called for women-only cars on New York City's
762:
661:
594:
435:
382:
331:
217:
949:
532:
Kuala Lumpur area. The taxis have women drivers, and operate on an on-call basis.
353:
Cars exclusively for women and children were introduced on the Chuo Main Line and
201:
23:
A sign on a Japanese rail platform indicating a boarding point for women-only cars
1242:
326:
The earliest instance of women-only cars in Japan was in 1912 on the present day
251:
increase in reported cases of groping on public transportation over eight years.
386:
271:
263:
146:
77:
589:
local service in 2006. But because the cars did not have the desired effect on
225:
In Japan, women-only cars were introduced to combat lewd conduct, particularly
366:
1484:
1002:
1794:"Opinion divided over women-only train compartments on eastern German route"
1529:
777:
335:
206:
1890:"Women-only train carriages could cut sex attacks, says transport minister"
449:(share taxis) by designating left seats for women and right seats for men.
1557:
1329:"Women form special cab service in Delhi -- catering exclusively to women"
310:
compliance with the "women only" rule voluntary from a legal perspective.
1866:
1738:"Almost 100 men fined each day on Dubai Metro for using women's carriage"
1562:
739:
688:
193:
1377:"ジャボデタベク電気鉄道センター: Operasi Perdana Rangkaian Khusus Wanita - 女性専用編成最初運転"
684:
505:. Every train has two women-only carriages, on the front and the back.
502:
466:
282:
267:
226:
54:
19:
1180:
80:
trains, the middle two cars (4th and 5th) and the foremost car in all
498:
445:
238:
Groping in crowded trains has been a problem in Japan: according to
1473:"These countries tried women-only transport. Here's what happened"
1066:"Persistent gropers force Japan to introduce women-only carriages"
707:
518:
365:
317:
259:
216:
200:
192:
103:
18:
1912:"Jeremy Corbyn raises possibility of women-only train carriages"
1858:"Rail experts point to flaws in women-only train carriages idea"
339:
1530:"How to Travel on Public Transport in Iran (If You're a Woman)"
761:
In September 2014, Parliamentary Under Secretary for Transport
45:
in some societies, but also can result from attempts to reduce
1307:
1304:"On India's Trains, Seeking Safety In The Women's Compartment"
1281:
1089:
346:
ran special trains for schoolgirls commuting between Kobe and
556:, had previously designated the first car (consisting of 2-3
358:
were retired from the Keihin-Tohoku Line at an earlier date.
497:
There are currently women-only passenger cars, at least in
1793:
1044:"Japan - Country Reports on Human Rights Practices - 2002"
830:"Cairo Journal; For Women Only: A Train Car Safe From Men"
1355:"Indonesia Railway Company Launches Women-Only Carriages"
950:"Women and Transit Security: A New Look at an Old Issue"
609:
A women-only car on a TRA EMU train in Taiwan, June 2006
1707:"The shame of walking into a women-only car by mistake"
1447:"Area Khusus Wanita di Transportasi Umum, Efektif Kah?"
1253: – via EBSCO's Academic Search Complete
1769:"What a New Metro in Saudi Arabia Will Mean for Women"
1114:"Lechers give Saikyo Line worst rap for Tokyo trains"
730:. She was the only person in the first class of the
205:
Passengers waiting to board a women-only car on the
1156:. Mainichi Daily News. 5 April 2007. Archived from
1136:"Japan Tries Women-Only Train Cars to Stop Groping"
389:. It has even given rise to a women-only taxi and
1856:
1505:"5 Things You Didn't Know About the Tehran Metro"
738:that year, placing her above all the men. Here,
664:, upon completion, will feature women-only cars.
127:between October 1995 and September 1997, but the
1583:
1581:
165:(IRT). While the IRT rejected the proposal, the
683:Women-only compartments were introduced on the
1855:Powley, Tanya; Pickard, Jim (26 August 2015).
1552:
1550:
948:Schulz, Dorothy; Gilbert, Susan (1998-07-30).
812: – Impact of the bicycle on women's lives
41:intended for women only. They are a result of
16:Railway or subway cars intended for women only
1958:"Indian Women Find New Peace in Rail Commute"
1558:"Women-only buses aim to halt sex harassment"
1421:"Transjakarta Sediakan Area Khusus Perempuan"
1335:. Public Radio International. 24 January 2013
322:Signage previously used on the Chuo Main Line
197:"Women Only" sign inside Tokyo Metro carriage
8:
1059:
1057:
1398:"Indonesian Women-only Trains Are Scrapped"
904:"Mexico City's 'penis seat' sparks debate"
872:
870:
742:(the magazine's mascot) ushers her into a
585:Like Japan, Taiwan had women-only cars in
411:, introduced women-only carriages on some
129:Companhia Paulista de Trens Metropolitanos
1210:
1208:
1610:Crisostomo, Sheila (November 28, 2002).
1108:
1106:
1216:"Runtime error - PukiWiki RJ-Essential"
821:
599:
451:
1888:Cartledge, James (30 September 2014).
1445:Nazhif, Naufal Jauhar (12 July 2022).
1259:
1038:
1036:
704:History of women in the United Kingdom
1086:"Tokyo trains tackle groping problem"
978:"Railroad Car for Women Only Praised"
884:(in Brazilian Portuguese). 2008-08-06
856:(in Brazilian Portuguese). 2006-04-25
145:Women-only buses were implemented in
7:
1841:The Woman Who Bested the Men at Math
1375:Yulianto, Charles (1 October 2012).
922:"Want Women's Cars on Subway Trains"
123:A similar policy was implemented at
461:A women-only car at the front of a
1705:Jinman, Richard (26 August 2015).
1419:Pertiwi, Atmi (12 December 2011).
1282:"The Times & The Sunday Times"
163:Interborough Rapid Transit Company
14:
1612:"Women to get own coaches in LRT"
1302:McCarthy, Julie (28 March 2013).
637:Women in the United Arab Emirates
1910:Mason, Rowena (26 August 2015).
1638:Araneta, Sandy (April 4, 2006).
1471:Sanghani, Radhika (2015-08-26).
614:
602:
565:Manila Metro Rail Transit System
554:Manila Light Rail Transit System
474:
454:
258:, which operates trains between
1869:from the original on 2022-12-11
957:US Department of Transportation
407:An Indonesian railway company,
270:began a similar service on the
167:Hudson & Manhattan Railroad
1838:Dash, Mike (28 October 2011),
1591:. Al Arabiya. 27 November 2011
902:Baker, Vicky (31 March 2017).
370:A women-only carriage in India
1:
1736:Badam, Ramola (29 May 2015).
1181:"鉄道営業法 －「女性専用車両」男が乗っても法的にはOK"
1936:Jon Stone (27 August 2015).
1243:10.1080/13698575.2011.641523
1179:Murakami, Kei (2011-10-31).
1118:International Herald Tribune
769:conference. In August 2015,
542:Light Rail Transit Authority
274:, which connects Tokyo with
1744:. Abu Dhabi. Archived from
1640:"MRT segregates passengers"
1064:Joyce, Colin (2005-05-15).
771:Labour leadership candidate
108:A women-only subway car at
2024:
1988:Sexual harassment in India
1792:Brady, Kate (2016-04-16).
1266:: CS1 maint: postscript (
1231:Health, Risk & Society
1012:. The Ministry of Justice.
726:'s examination success at
701:
676:
653:
634:
578:
512:
490:
400:
373:
221:Sign next to door of coach
181:
138:
97:
69:
1844:, Smithsonian Institution
1818:, Routledge, p. 96,
1767:Kirk, Mimi (2017-02-07).
1029:. National Police Agency.
749:which is for ladies only.
417:Jakarta metropolitan area
246:, the number of reported
28:Women-only passenger cars
1978:Railway culture in Japan
1814:Kamm, Josephine (2012),
1024:"電車内の痴漢防止に係る研究会の報告書について"
984:. 1958-07-11. p. 11
157:United States of America
2008:Passenger railroad cars
1255:(subscription required)
930:. 1909-02-07. p. 5
718:published a cartoon by
428:Tokyo Metro 6000 series
415:commuter trains in the
2003:Women's rights in Asia
1993:Violence against women
1048:US Department of State
810:Bicycling and feminism
750:
563:On April 1, 2006, the
528:
371:
323:
296:Osaka Municipal Subway
240:National Police Agency
222:
214:
198:
112:
24:
1816:How Different From Us
711:
702:Further information:
677:Further information:
656:Women in Saudi Arabia
654:Further information:
635:Further information:
591:gender discrimination
579:Further information:
522:
513:Further information:
491:Further information:
434:On 12 December 2011,
401:Further information:
374:Further information:
369:
321:
256:Keio Electric Railway
220:
204:
196:
182:Further information:
139:Further information:
107:
98:Further information:
70:Further information:
22:
736:Cambridge University
631:United Arab Emirates
523:Women-only coach at
117:Rio de Janeiro Metro
110:Rio de Janeiro Metro
1645:The Philippine Star
1617:The Philippine Star
1477:The Daily Telegraph
1071:The Daily Telegraph
1010:Ministry of Justice
982:Spartansburg Herald
838:. January 15, 1990.
790:Feminist separatism
623:Taipei Main Station
338:were introduced in
314:Historical practice
244:Ministry of Justice
115:In April 2006, the
85:harassment by men.
1964:September 15, 2009
1748:on 27 October 2018
1717:on 27 October 2018
1689:女性専用車両が不評…3か月で存続危機
1671:2010-07-22 at the
959:. pp. 551–552
878:"Só para mulheres"
835:The New York Times
767:Conservative Party
751:
529:
403:Women in Indonesia
372:
355:Keihin-Tohoku Line
324:
276:Saitama Prefecture
254:In December 2000,
223:
215:
199:
113:
43:sexual segregation
25:
1998:Women-only spaces
1983:Sexual harassment
1566:. 2 December 2010
728:Classical Studies
720:George du Maurier
544:, which operates
515:Women in Malaysia
440:bus rapid transit
151:Mexico City Metro
82:Alexandrian trams
47:sexual harassment
2015:
1960:by Jim Yardley,
1946:
1945:
1933:
1927:
1926:
1924:
1922:
1907:
1901:
1900:
1898:
1896:
1885:
1879:
1878:
1876:
1874:
1860:
1852:
1846:
1845:
1835:
1829:
1828:
1811:
1805:
1804:
1802:
1801:
1796:. Deutsche Welle
1789:
1783:
1782:
1780:
1779:
1764:
1758:
1757:
1755:
1753:
1733:
1727:
1726:
1724:
1722:
1713:. Archived from
1702:
1696:
1686:
1680:
1663:
1657:
1656:
1654:
1652:
1635:
1629:
1628:
1626:
1624:
1607:
1601:
1600:
1598:
1596:
1585:
1576:
1575:
1573:
1571:
1554:
1545:
1544:
1542:
1541:
1526:
1520:
1519:
1517:
1516:
1501:
1495:
1494:
1492:
1491:
1468:
1462:
1461:
1459:
1457:
1442:
1436:
1435:
1433:
1431:
1416:
1410:
1409:
1407:
1405:
1394:
1388:
1387:
1385:
1383:
1372:
1366:
1365:
1363:
1361:
1351:
1345:
1344:
1342:
1340:
1325:
1319:
1318:
1316:
1314:
1299:
1293:
1292:
1290:
1288:
1278:
1272:
1271:
1265:
1257:
1256:
1226:
1220:
1219:
1212:
1203:
1202:
1191:
1185:
1184:
1176:
1170:
1169:
1167:
1165:
1160:on 17 April 2007
1150:
1144:
1143:
1132:
1126:
1125:
1110:
1101:
1100:
1098:
1097:
1082:
1076:
1075:
1061:
1052:
1051:
1040:
1031:
1030:
1028:
1020:
1014:
1013:
1007:
999:
993:
992:
990:
989:
974:
968:
967:
965:
964:
954:
945:
939:
938:
936:
935:
918:
912:
911:
899:
893:
892:
890:
889:
874:
865:
864:
862:
861:
846:
840:
839:
826:
805:Women-only space
795:Gender apartheid
732:Classical Tripos
679:Women in Germany
618:
606:
558:articulated cars
478:
463:KRL Commuterline
458:
248:indecent assault
211:Shinjuku Station
189:Current practice
2023:
2022:
2018:
2017:
2016:
2014:
2013:
2012:
1968:
1967:
1954:
1949:
1942:The Independent
1935:
1934:
1930:
1920:
1918:
1909:
1908:
1904:
1894:
1892:
1887:
1886:
1882:
1872:
1870:
1863:Financial Times
1854:
1853:
1849:
1837:
1836:
1832:
1826:
1813:
1812:
1808:
1799:
1797:
1791:
1790:
1786:
1777:
1775:
1766:
1765:
1761:
1751:
1749:
1735:
1734:
1730:
1720:
1718:
1704:
1703:
1699:
1693:Yomiuri Shimbun
1687:
1683:
1673:Wayback Machine
1664:
1660:
1650:
1648:
1637:
1636:
1632:
1622:
1620:
1609:
1608:
1604:
1594:
1592:
1587:
1586:
1579:
1569:
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288:Hankyu Railway
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1456:19 December
1430:19 December
1164:22 December
747:compartment
744:first class
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536:Philippines
387:Delhi Metro
348:Nishinomiya
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147:Mexico City
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1972:Categories
1800:2017-07-01
1778:2024-03-02
1752:27 October
1721:27 October
1540:2019-06-21
1515:2019-06-21
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1096:2009-12-31
988:2022-10-17
963:2022-10-17
934:2022-10-17
888:2013-01-26
860:2013-01-26
817:References
569:MRT Line 3
550:LRT Line 2
546:LRT Line 1
393:services.
336:streetcars
1921:26 August
1895:3 October
1873:26 August
1773:Bloomberg
1595:3 October
1570:3 October
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1382:3 October
1360:3 October
1333:The World
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1251:143965339
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712:In 1887,
397:Indonesia
207:Keio Line
1867:Archived
1669:Archived
1563:NBC News
1313:26 March
1195:"婦人専用電車"
1140:ABC News
908:BBC News
784:See also
740:Mr Punch
689:Chemnitz
625:, Taiwan
621:Sign at
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298:, whose
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1923:2015
1897:2017
1875:2015
1820:ISBN
1754:2018
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1625:2022
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1481:ISSN
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