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expression during the
January 25 revolution, the aim of this project is to increase awareness of women's issues by introducing women into public space. This project was co-founded by Mia Gröndahl, a Swedish street art documentarian, and Angie Balata, an Egyptian artist, in December 2012 with funding from the Danish Center for Culture and Development, and was launched with a month-long event in the Spring of 2013 in Cairo, Luxor, Alexandria, and Mansoura that included painting sessions, workshops, and lectures on topics ranging from art to women's issues more generally. The project held its second campaign in February 2014.
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1684:. However, Egyptian graffiti quickly expanded into a number of spaces, mediums, and genres. Popular types of revolutionary graffiti include political satire, mocking political and military leaders, murals depicting pharonic and biblical themes, tags for social and political movements such as the April 6 Youth Movement and the Ultras, and martyr paintings. These various types of images are meant to critique the political order, incite anger, connect Egyptians with the past, and inspire solidarity for the revolutionary movement.
1790:, Yazaan El Zo’bi, and Mohaned Nor led the Alexandria campaign. The campaigns were divided into two parts. The first part brought street artists to the town of Anafora for gender-related workshops, to learn about gender sensitive issues and work on how to discuss these issues in the street. In the second part, the artists returned to their respective cities to design pieces reflecting what they learned in the workshops. At the end, the project held a closing ceremony for final remarks and analysis of the finished work.
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with the already high rate of sexual assault in Egypt and prevailing stereotype that women were not as capable as men, inspired the Women on Walls project. The project seeks to educate the public on the status of women and promote women's rights through the medium of street art. From the project's
Facebook page: "We are using art to discuss one of the most important topics in Egypt, women’s empowerment, and which involves many different issues, including the political, the social, the economic and the cultural."
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1745:. It was through her research for this book that she was inspired to promote female graffiti; of the 17,000 pieces of street art she documented, only 253 of them included images of women. Of her motivation to start the project, she stated, ‘’I felt there’s was a need to support female artists, and there’s a very strong need to address women’s issues. Egypt is one of the worst countries when it comes to women’s rights.’’ Her published works include
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public beautification projects in order to demonstrate their absolute ownership of the public space, street art was a way for the people to reclaim that public space. During the Arab Spring, street art became a prominent form of protest in many Arab countries, including Egypt, Tunisia, Libya, and Syria. An earlier example of this reclamation of public space is graffiti painted during the
1833:, Radwa Fouda, Lamis Soleiman and Ismail Shawky, and then collaborated upon painting women into the public space. In addition, the second campaign partnered with organizations such as Egyptian feminist organization Nazra, and anti-harassment organization HarassMap in order to further educate participants on women's rights issues specific to Egypt.
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Despite the fact that women were early leaders in the
January 25 Revolution, within months of the initial revolution women began to be excluded from protest spaces and political processes, and violence against women proliferated in revolutionary spaces such as Tahrir Square. This development, coupled
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In spite of the great proliferation of protest graffiti during the
January 25 revolution, it remained a largely male space, with men dominating the street artist community and very few pieces depicting women. To counter this, movements such as the Graffiti Harimi project (the predecessor of Women on
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revolutions, and in the years leading up to them, graffiti was commonly used as a form of popular protest. Street art was an effective way to spread the message of political rebellion, since it is in public view. Furthermore, since authoritarian Arab leaders had poured significant resources into
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aimed at empowering women through the use of street art, by encouraging the portrayal of strong
Egyptian female figures in street art and empowering female street artists themselves to participate in the political space of graffiti. Building on the popularity of street art as a form of political
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Mia Gröndahl is a
Swedish journalist and street art documentarian who has lived in Egypt since 1996. She first became interested in graffiti when she lived in Gaza prior to moving to Egypt. After the advent of the January 25 Revolution, she spent over a year and a half documenting revolutionary
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The first Women on Walls campaign was launched in April 2013, with nearly 40 artists participating, in the cities of Cairo, Alexandria, Luxor, and
Mansoura. Each city had a separate campaign led by well-known local graffiti artists: Mira Shihadeh and Zeft led the Cairo campaign,
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The second campaign ran from
February 8 to February 15, 2014, with 15 participating artists. Due to limited funds, the 2014 campaign only ran in Cairo. As with the first campaign, participants attended seminars and workshops with artists and feminist activists, including
1697:, with the intention of proving that women are worthy partners in the revolution. Female street art also serves the purpose of spreading political statements against the abuse of women. One recent denizen of the female graffiti scene supported by Women on Walls is
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In Egypt, street art was not a widespread phenomenon before the
January 25, 2011, but it quickly became one of the most powerful tools of the revolution. In the first days of the revolution, street art was largely used to mock then-president
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protest art, Palestinians were able to paint graffiti in order to spread their message without being stopped by the state. Also, the anonymity of the art form made it a stand-in for the collective spirit of
Palestinians.
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Angie Balata is the local cultural manager for the Women on Walls Project. She worked with Gröndahl on
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Walls) sought to increase the visibility of women in the public space by increasing the number of
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Demerdash, Nancy (2012). "Consuming Revolution: Ethics, Art and Ambivalence in the Arab Spring".
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Hafez, Sherine (2012). "No longer a bargain: Women, masculinity, and the Egyptian uprising".
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during the late 1980s. While Israeli state censorship prevented the production of a lot of
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led the Luxor campaign, Mohamed Khaled and Ghadir Wagdy led the Mansoura campaign, and
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2110:"Mourning, Narratives and Interactions with the Martyrs through Cairo's Graffiti"
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2018:
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Peteet, Julie (1996). "The Writing on the Walls: The Graffiti of the Intifada".
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2142:"This Woman Is Using Graffiti to Change the Way Her Country Thinks About Girls"
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1886:"Bigger, Bolder, Brighter: The Women on Walls graffiti campaign"
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Tripp, C. (2013). "Art of the Uprisings in the Middle East".
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In Hope and Despair: Life in the Palestinian Refugee Camps
2214:"'Women on Walls' campaign empowers women via street art"
1705:-run Palestinian refugee camp outside of Irbid, Jordan.
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Gender representation on corporate boards of directors
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Tahrir Square: The Heart of the Egyptian Revolution
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2021:(2013). "Street Art and the Egyptian Revolution".
2005:Revolution Graffiti: Street Art of the New Egypt
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1743:Revolution Graffiti: Street Art of the New Egypt
492:Science, technology, engineering and mathematics
1717:Anti-Sexual Harassment Graffiti in middle east
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2095:"Egypt's 'Ultras' pitch in at Tahrir protest"
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2007:. Cairo: American University in Cairo Press.
1755:Gaza Graffiti: Messages of Love and Politics
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2128:"Egypt's graffiti artists make their mark"
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1658:Down With The Military Rule(Graffiti)
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765:Gender representation in video games
2509:Hong Kong (Free Ai Weiwei campaign)
1884:ElNabawi, Maha (14 February 2014).
14:
2036:Talon, Claire (October 9, 2012).
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2180:10.1111/j.1548-1425.2011.01344.x
2074:Fathi, Yasmine (April 7, 2011).
282:Diversity, equity, and inclusion
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1943:Brown Journal of World Affairs
1853:Barakat, Nada (6 March 2014).
1:
1636:) is a public art project in
2619:Sarajevo Street Art Festival
2194:"ست الحيطة - Women on Walls"
2112:. E-International Relations.
2055:Abaza, Mona (May 27, 2012).
1917:"Can Graffiti Remake Egypt?"
733:Portrayal in American comics
324:Heads of state or government
16:Public art project in Egypt
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2578:Palestine (West Bank Wall)
2503:São Paulo (Beco do Batman)
1962:New Middle Eastern Studies
1695:female figures in graffiti
135:15 February 2014
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2624:Sarasota Chalk Festival
2614:Pasadena Chalk Festival
319:Conservatives in the US
292:Explorers and travelers
2726:Women graffiti artists
2721:Egyptian women artists
2057:"The Buraqs of Tahrir"
2023:Mediterranean Yearbook
2003:Grondahl, Mia (2012).
1815:the Mona Lisa Brigades
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622:In Shakespeare's works
2563:Sydney (Newtown area)
2495:Southeastern Brazil (
1981:Cultural Anthropology
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1645:Historical background
378:Nobel Prize laureates
2692:Category: Street art
2489:Berlin (Berlin Wall)
2168:American Ethnologist
1669:Palestinian intifada
1535:United Arab Emirates
472:in the United States
287:Economic development
277:Diversity (politics)
263:Female entrepreneurs
1915:Bajec, Alessandra.
1771:Revolution Graffiti
1747:Revolution Graffiti
1520:Trinidad and Tobago
755:Speculative fiction
648:Theological figures
593:Feminist philosophy
393:Reproductive rights
199:Part of a series on
1812:Mohamed El Moushir
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1085:Dominican Republic
852:Mixed martial arts
822:Fastpitch softball
403:Violence and abuse
388:Positions of power
160:Street art project
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2640:Built environment
2599:The Cans Festival
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1831:Carolina Falkholt
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2650:Public space
2604:Living Walls
2539:Philadelphia
2496:
2406:Yarn bombing
2332:
2217:
2188:
2174:(1): 37–42.
2171:
2167:
2161:
2150:. Retrieved
2148:. 2015-12-14
2146:Cosmopolitan
2145:
2136:
2103:
2088:
2080:Ahram Online
2079:
2069:
2060:
2050:
2042:The Guardian
2041:
2031:
2022:
2019:Khatib, Lina
2013:
2004:
1984:
1980:
1974:
1965:
1961:
1955:
1946:
1942:
1936:
1924:. Retrieved
1920:
1893:. Retrieved
1889:
1862:. Retrieved
1858:
1823:
1792:
1780:
1770:
1768:
1765:Angie Balata
1758:
1757:(2009), and
1754:
1750:
1746:
1742:
1739:
1736:Mia Gröndahl
1725:
1699:Laila Ajjawi
1691:
1678:
1661:
1633:
1632:: ست الحيطة
1625:
1624:
1565:Vatican City
1510:Turkmenistan
1440:South Africa
1420:Sierra Leone
1405:Saudi Arabia
870:Roller derby
668:Christianity
653:Baháʼí Faith
532:Architecture
232:legal rights
147:Participants
124:Mia Gröndahl
121:Angie Balata
2670:Visual arts
2609:See No Evil
2548:Balmy Alley
2391:Sticker art
2297:terminology
2126:Wolf, Mat.
1709:The project
1673:Palestinian
1664:Arab Spring
1662:During the
1450:South Sudan
1445:South Korea
1390:Puerto Rico
1375:Philippines
1340:North Korea
1325:New Zealand
1210:Ivory Coast
1100:El Salvador
930:Afghanistan
787:Auto racing
760:Video games
673:Catholicism
452:Engineering
329:Legislators
132:Most recent
110:Spring 2013
107:Inaugurated
66:Location(s)
2705:Categories
2645:Public art
2594:Beton Fest
2411:Wheatpaste
2334:Subway Art
2318:Propaganda
2259:Street art
2152:2016-03-31
1837:References
1806:Ahmed Tony
1555:Uzbekistan
1485:Tajikistan
1415:Seychelles
1290:Mauritania
1265:Madagascar
1245:Kyrgyzstan
1225:Kazakhstan
1105:East Timor
980:Bangladesh
970:Azerbaijan
923:By country
910:See also:
900:Volleyball
842:Ice hockey
837:Gymnastics
797:Basketball
588:Philosophy
576:Literature
523:Humanities
503:Telegraphy
438:Technology
353:Journalism
314:Government
139:2014-02-15
73:Alexandria
60:Public art
2675:Vandalism
2524:Melbourne
2493:Brazil (
2416:Wildstyle
2401:Throw ups
2303:Handstyle
2061:Jadaliyya
1987:(2): 142.
1949:(2): 1–2.
1890:Mada Masr
1809:Sad Panda
1788:Aya Tarek
1731:Directors
1585:Kurdistan
1570:Venezuela
1465:Sri Lanka
1425:Singapore
1295:Mauritius
1190:Indonesia
1155:Guatemala
965:Australia
955:Argentina
678:Mormonism
615:Punk rock
571:Fine arts
467:dentistry
447:Computing
413:Workforce
297:Education
180:.facebook
151:Aya Tarek
25:ست الحيطة
2558:Sarajevo
2533:5 Pointz
2497:pichação
2479:Adelaide
2437:Graffiti
2293:Graffiti
2273:Activism
1895:20 March
1864:25 April
1859:Al-Ahram
1797:Abo Bakr
1761:(2011).
1753:(2003),
1490:Thailand
1460:Suriname
1385:Portugal
1365:Paraguay
1350:Pakistan
1305:Mongolia
1275:Maldives
1270:Malaysia
1235:Kiribati
1170:Honduras
1110:Ethiopia
1080:DR Congo
1045:Colombia
1025:Cambodia
1020:Bulgaria
885:Swimming
847:Lacrosse
792:Baseball
690:Hinduism
683:Opus Dei
663:Buddhism
638:Religion
462:Medicine
368:Military
302:Feminism
258:Business
157:Activity
115:Founders
88:Mansoura
51:Inactive
40:Nickname
2633:Related
2573:Toronto
2484:Atlanta
2442:Stencil
2396:Tagging
2266:Culture
1722:Mission
1575:Vietnam
1560:Vanuatu
1550:Uruguay
1530:Ukraine
1500:Tunisia
1435:Somalia
1410:Senegal
1335:Nigeria
1315:Myanmar
1310:Morocco
1255:Lebanon
1175:Iceland
1140:Germany
1135:Georgia
1125:Finland
1090:Ecuador
1075:Denmark
1055:Croatia
1050:Comoros
1000:Bolivia
985:Belgium
975:Bahrain
960:Armenia
945:Andorra
940:Algeria
935:Albania
880:Surfing
857:Netball
817:Cycling
812:Curling
807:Cricket
705:Sikhism
700:Judaism
486:Science
457:Geology
434:Science
220:Society
173:Website
165:Sponsor
137: (
97:Country
2690:
2587:Events
2568:Tehran
2472:Places
2432:Street
2371:Poster
2366:Pieces
2025:: 299.
1630:Arabic
1525:Uganda
1515:Tuvalu
1505:Turkey
1480:Taiwan
1470:Sweden
1400:Russia
1380:Poland
1360:Panama
1300:Mexico
1240:Kuwait
1220:Jordan
1205:Israel
1160:Guyana
1150:Greece
1130:France
1065:Cyprus
1015:Brunei
1010:Brazil
1005:Bosnia
995:Bhutan
950:Angola
890:Tennis
875:Rowing
802:Boxing
780:Sports
728:Comics
710:Taoism
383:Piracy
373:Mother
348:Health
228:
48:Status
2361:Mural
2344:Types
1926:1 May
1703:UNRWA
1638:Egypt
1580:Yemen
1495:Tonga
1475:Syria
1455:Sudan
1430:Spain
1395:Qatar
1355:Palau
1330:Niger
1320:Nepal
1260:Libya
1230:Kenya
1215:Japan
1185:India
1180:Italy
1165:Haiti
1145:Ghana
1095:Egypt
1069:North
1040:China
1035:Chile
990:Benin
866:Rodeo
745:Music
695:Islam
658:Bible
605:Music
554:Dance
498:Space
307:Womyn
245:Woman
101:Egypt
83:Luxor
78:Cairo
56:Genre
2514:Kyiv
1968:: 8.
1928:2014
1897:2014
1866:2014
1370:Peru
1345:Oman
1280:Mali
1250:Laos
1200:Iraq
1195:Iran
1120:Fiji
1060:Cuba
1030:Chad
832:Golf
610:Jazz
559:Film
537:Arts
519:Arts
339:List
186:.WOW
182:.com
2176:doi
358:Law
178:www
43:WOW
2707::
2550:,
2501:,
2216:.
2202:^
2172:39
2170:.
2144:.
2118:^
2078:.
2059:.
2040:.
1993:^
1985:11
1983:.
1964:.
1947:19
1945:.
1919:.
1905:^
1888:.
1874:^
1857:.
1845:^
1829:,
1749:,
2554:)
2546:(
2535:)
2531:(
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2295:(
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2196:.
2182:.
2178::
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2130:.
2082:.
2063:.
2044:.
1966:2
1930:.
1899:.
1868:.
1628:(
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1600:v
1071:)
1067:(
234:)
230:(
188:/
141:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
