3910:
1608:, the territorial Status of Women Council ran an educational seminar on women in politics, which was attended by all ten women who ran as candidates in the election campaign. Given the consensus government structure of the legislature, one of the strategies that the women pursued was to not run against each other, in an attempt to avoid splitting the vote; of the 19 legislative districts in the territory, only one had more than one woman candidate on the ballot.
1467:
critics dismissed her as being competent enough to bring the party's traditional core vote back following an unprecedented disaster, but not possessing the leadership skills necessary to take the party any further than its own base; in the subsequent 2009 election, the party won just two additional seats. After a period of caucus infighting, she was forced to announce her resignation as party leader in
December 2010; notably, her (male) successor,
1247:, and thus a woman would have been elected premier of Prince Edward Island in 1993 regardless of which party won. Political analysts have debated, however, whether either woman could have won the election if the other party had been led by a man. Further, Callbeck's government proved unpopular, and she held power for just three years before she was forced to step down in favour of a new leader.
3924:
1235:
unintentionally complicate the efforts of women to achieve higher office. For instance, while it is possible in the United States for voters to choose one party's candidate for president or governor and a different party's candidate for their congressional or state representative, Canadians vote only for their local representative, and not directly for their premier or prime minister.
1423:
of the leadership campaigns, further, both became leader late in the final year of the government's mandate, just weeks before a mandatory election. As a result, both were left with very little time to demonstrate that their administrations could offer any sort of fundamental change, and thus remained vulnerable to the negative perceptions that voters held of their predecessors.
931:, however, the territory went from just two female MLAs before the election, ranking dead last in all of Canada for female representation in the legislature, to electing nine women, reaching virtual gender parity in the 19-seat legislature and immediately vaulting to the highest percentage of female representation in all of Canada. On July 27, 2021, following the resignation of
1509:, for instance, has commented on the uneasy relationship between leadership and gender: "I was called arrogant, aggressive and lacking compassion," she stated in 1997, "I don't have a typically female pattern of speech. I'm open and assertive. In men, those traits are perceived as leadership material. In a woman, they are denigrated". Similarly,
1623:, she spoke of the need for parliamentarians to make the political environment more family friendly, stating that "I hope we can make the world a place where women and new parents do not have to choose between their careers and their families...It is important for society to make it easier, not harder, to achieve work-life balance."
39:. Although female representation in politics has increased since then, and political parties have identified increasing the number of female candidates as an organizational and political goal, women are still significantly underrepresented in politics compared to the general population. Canada has had one woman Prime Minister,
1422:
substitute for creating a substantive policy platform. Campbell and
Johnston, for instance, both inherited the leadership of scandal-plagued and unpopular incumbent parties which were considered unlikely to win the next election even before each woman assumed the party's leadership. Due to the timing
1238:
In the 1990s, parties led by women often fared particularly poorly in election campaigns, sometimes even losing elections their parties had seemed poised to win. This gave rise to extensive discussion of the double standards that the public applies to women in leadership roles; some commentators have
984:
As of 2023, the most common path for a woman to becoming premier or prime minister has been to win the leadership of the party that was already in power, thus immediately becoming the first minister without a general election. Women who attained a leadership position in this manner have, however, had
538:
This dearth of women in political leadership may, in some ways, be attributable to women's general exclusion from important cabinet positions that are seen as stepping stones to leadership. Women were largely excluded from
Canadian cabinets until the 1970s. Only in rare instances do women comprise a
92:, as premier, and chose women for four of the six cabinet roles. After one of the 10 male MLAs resigned his seat in 2021, the resulting by-election was won by a woman, making the Northwest Territories the first jurisdiction in Canadian history to have an outright majority of its legislators be women.
1573:
In addition to the underrepresentation of women in politics overall, younger women are typically even more underrepresented. While younger men are quite regularly elected to political office at all levels of government, women under the age of 40 holding office at the provincial or federal levels are
1466:
Carole James had the most dramatic success of any woman leader in reviving a party in crisis, taking the
British Columbia NDP from its dramatic defeat in the 2001 election β when it won just two seats and didn't even qualify for official party status β to 33 seats in the 2005 election. However, some
1103:
manages to go home for dinner with his kids every night, or most nights when he's in the country, and he has breakfast with them in the morning, and he's a pretty busy guy. He does a pretty good job. Every family has their own circumstances and makes its own decisions. I've talked about this with my
915:
In the 2017 Nunavut election six women were elected, vaulting the territory to 27 per cent female representation in the legislature and marking the first time in the territory's history that it ranked higher than last or second-last for female representation among Canada's provinces and territories.
1206:
received extraordinary publicity that focused on her beauty rather than any element of her capacity to represent her constituency or work as an MP. Also, former NDP leader Alexa McDonough was sometimes judged for wearing the same dress on multiple occasions, with magazines featuring headlines such
2277:
One barrier to women's participation in municipal politics that has been commonly identified is that while a few of Canada's largest cities pay their councilors enough that city council can be a person's sole full-time job, most smaller cities pay their councilors only a modest salary that may not
1386:
I've learned some lessons in my time in politics, and I learned women don't come to the political arena easily. Generally speaking, women have a lot of uncertainty about whether or not they have the kind of skills that will not only give them success, but staying power. It is seen as a blood sport
1234:
in the United States, prime ministers and provincial premiers in Canada are not independently elected by the general electorate; instead, the position goes automatically to the leader of the largest party caucus in the legislature. This creates a significantly different campaign dynamic, which may
1039:
As of 2023, seven of Canada's ten provinces have had a female premier, but only
British Columbia and Alberta have had more than one. All three of Canada's territories have had at least one female premier each. As of November 2023, the female premiers are Caroline Cochrane, who was selected as
1005:
Women achieved a significant breakthrough in the early 2010s, when a number of women won the leadership of the governing political parties in their respective provinces within a short time of each other. Several journalists christened 2011 as "The Year of the Woman" because of the breakthrough; by
1394:
has also suggested that new opportunities have been opened for women due to recent changes in
Canadian political culture. According to Smith, the fact that most governments in Canada have now instituted fixed election dates helps women, who still generally hold more responsibility for the care of
1525:
Because male and female politicians are judged according to disparate standards, Bashevkin has suggested that many women may be discouraged from entering politics in the first place. She writes, "Efforts to recruit more female candidates often fall short once the individuals being wooed start to
1387:
and you have to get the elbows up and there are many women who don't want to participate in that way. (Women) never think they know enough to be a candidate. They think they have to have the answer for everything, where the male candidates are much more confident and are more prepared to wing it.
1537:
Political parties which take a strictly hands-off approach typically find themselves unable to put forward a slate of candidates that is more than 20 to 25 per cent female β but parties which implement more active strategies often risk being criticized as "anti-democratic" if their programs too
1490:, she explains that female politicians are far less likely to receive media coverage than their male counterparts. Moreover, in the cases where women manage to attract coverage, the media often tends to " on personal style and private life matters, rather than on public policy views." Here, the
2281:
Among younger women, the fact that family tasks such as child care are still not always divided equitably between fathers and mothers has been identified as an issue; a woman with young children will often have more difficulty finding the time to add a political career to her schedule than her
2278:
even significantly exceed minimum wage, regardless of how many hours they work β making the council effectively a full-time job for only part-time pay, and thus largely restricting the role to people who have the time and resources to balance their council work with another source of income.
1462:
became leaders of provincial parties which had already been largely wiped off the electoral map. According to political scientist Linda
Trimble, this made the leadership of these parties a "flawed prize" which a male politician would be seen as weak for even wanting β and then those women who
1370:
I can't tell you the number of women who say, I don't know if I have a thick-enough skin, or I don't know if I have what it takes. And I look at them and think: Okay, you told me you have three children. You started your own business. You now employ 73 people. And you tell me you don't have a
865:
Smith is premier; Anglade, Beck, Notley, Stefanson and Stiles are the Leader of the
Official Opposition in their provinces; White, Furstenau and Chender lead third parties; and MassΓ© is co-leader of a third party that maintains a tradition of always having both a male and a female co-leader.
1201:
Criticism of female politicians in Canada has often occurred in terms of aesthetic assessment that has worked to connect ideas about a politician's beauty to their political and leadership abilities. Clothing, hairstyles and overall appearance have all been subject to scrutiny. For example,
1533:
Political parties at both the federal and provincial levels have often faced difficulty in boosting the number of women prepared to stand as election candidates. This may be in part because women may be reluctant to run for parliament because of the adversity and combative nature of work.
445:, have run for the leadership of federal political parties. Brown was the first black woman to ever run for leadership of a federal political party. MacDonald unwittingly lent her name to a political phenomenon known as "Flora Syndrome" when even some of her own committed delegates at the
2299:
The FCM has set the goal of increasing the number of women in municipal government to at least 30 per cent by 2026, and has identified a number of strategies to do so, including mentoring programs, active recruitment of women to serve on municipal boards and committees, and implementing
2384:. The heads of state of the territories are commissioners representing the federal government, not the king. All are ceremonial roles with negligible real political power. The governor general and lieutenant governors are appointed by the monarch on the advice of the prime minister.
1314:
Pat Duncan, meanwhile, won the 2000 Yukon election against parties led by men, but her government lasted just two years before it was reduced to a minority when three
Liberal MLAs resigned from the caucus β and in the resulting 2002 election, her party was nearly wiped out.
1006:
September 2012, in fact, fully half of all
Canadian provinces had female premiers. By early 2014, however, two of the premiers had resigned amid controversy, which some analysts attributed in part to gender issues. According to political scientist Brenda O'Neill of the
1574:
especially rare. This dichotomy has been attributed to a variety of factors, including women being reluctant to take on the responsibilities of a career in politics until their children are older, as well as the belief that younger women are especially likely to face
1239:
noted, for instance, that when a party led by a woman loses an election, much greater blame is placed on the leader herself β or even on the entire concept of women as leaders β than when a man leads his party to defeat. Prior to the 21st century only one woman,
1463:
actually achieved a measure of success in reviving the parties often became vulnerable to internal leadership challenges once their work had returned the party to real contention for power, and renewed desirability as a prize for male politicians to pursue.
122:
in 1917, albeit in a limited capacity: the franchise was only extended to those who were in active military service or related to a man who was. This was followed by full suffrage in 1918, and the right to stand for election to the House of Commons in 1919.
1570:, slotting a disproportionate number of women candidates in ridings their party has little chance of winning while doing little or nothing about the fact that the more competitive candidate selection process in "winnable" seats still tends to favor men.
2262:β a position which is hired, not elected β in Canada. However, they still lagged significantly behind men as elected municipal councilors and mayors, representing just 23 per cent of all elected municipal officials. Only in Canada's three territories,
1526:
think about what happened to the few courageous pioneers who preceded them." This might explain the general decrease of female representation in Canadian government in recent yearsβfor instance, a major federal party has not had a female leader since
1562:
Conversely, the federal New Democratic Party requires its riding associations to make at least a good faith attempt to ensure that women or minority candidates are on the ballot whenever a nomination contest is held, but does not set a quota per se.
1554:
nominate a woman in the resulting by-election or general election, in order to ensure that the party is placing women in "winnable" seats β however, this strategy faced criticism from some potential candidates who felt that the policy constituted
5751:
325:
holds the record for the most female candidates in a single election, with 582 women running for office that year. In terms of women elected to the House of Commons, the 2021 election also holds the record, with 103 successful female candidates.
1348:
in 2022, has noted that she faced not just indifference, but active discouragement, from both men and women β based around the notion that at age 35, she was too young and hadn't earned the right to get into politics β when she first ran for
142:. Macphail was the only one successful in winning a seat, and she became the first woman to be elected into the House of Commons. Macphail was re-elected in the next four elections, and was the only woman in the House of Commons until the
997:
in Alberta β have become premier of a province or territory by leading their party to victory in a general election in which they were not already the incumbent premier: Duncan was elected in 2000, Marois in 2012, and Notley in 2015.
1156:
distracted her from conducting a proper campaign in the 1993 election. He did not, however, elaborate on how Campbell's personal life constituted a greater distraction to her political career than his own family life with his wife
95:
As of 2010, Canada ranked 50th in the world for women's participation in politics, with women holding just 23 per cent of the seats in federal, provincial and territorial legislatures. At the federal level, Canada was tied with
5714:
5975:
4687:
1075:
Women in politics still sometimes face a double standard, with their personal lives subject to greater scrutiny than those of men in equivalent positions. In what some commentators have characterized as an example of sexism,
2282:
husband does, and may in fact end up being even worse off financially as a councilor's salary may not actually be enough to cover the cost of paid childcare. Even older women are not immune to this issue, however; in 2010,
1001:
No woman premier has ever won two successive general elections, however; as of 2023, every woman premier who has won one election has either lost, or resigned the office in advance of, her second election at the helm.
2274:, did women represent more than one-third of elected municipal officials at the time of the study, and the Yukon was the only province or territory in all of Canada where more than one-third of all mayors were women.
1357:
I found it was very paternalistic. From men and women, I kept hearing that I was too young and that it wasn't my turn. I was told I should wait until I was older, even though there were male councillors younger than
654:, in the same election. MacAdams was elected to a special temporary seat allotted to soldiers and nurses serving in World War I. McKinney and MacAdams were the first two women elected in the British Commonwealth.
1649:. (Reeve is a position similar to mayor, with the difference that Barss was selected and appointed internally by her colleagues on the village council, not directly elected to the position by the voters.) In 1936,
1010:, "I think there still is a double standard that's applied to women versus men in terms of how they lead, the degree of support they are given and the degree to which is extended to them when they make mistakes."
985:
a mixed record of success or failure in their first general elections as leader; Campbell and Johnston both failed to win reelection, while several other women (including Callbeck) succeeded. Only three women β
5659:
5719:
5709:
1080:
was asked by several journalists to explain how she could properly do her job as provincial Minister of Education while simultaneously raising a newborn child; her then-husband, Liberal Party strategist
5870:
5669:
1371:
thick-enough skin and you don't think you have what it takes? Look in a mirror. Why is it that some people who are so capable and so accomplished somehow still don't think they have what it takes?"
1593:
in the House of Commons, an excessive focus on women parliamentarians' appearance rather than their ideas and skills, and the need to take advantage of modern communications technologies, such as
1505:
Furthermore, many desirable leadership qualities are commonly associated with masculinity. As a result, a female politician who displays these qualities may be seen as off-putting and unfeminine.
5915:
1585:, whose board consists of several prominent female politicians, works to assist women in running for public office through education, advocacy and professional networking. When former federal MP
77:, of coming the closest that a governing party caucus has ever come to attaining gender balance β the party's caucus had 25 women and 28 men, representing a caucus that was 47 per cent female.
5910:
5890:
1180:, for instance, was criticized in a relatively civil manner for the ethics of his floor-crossing, Stronach was variously labelled a "dog", a "dipstick" and a "whore" by her former colleagues.
1139:
gave birth to a child in 1988, and was dismissed by another MLA as "a high-priced babysitter" when she set up a playpen in her office and took time out from a committee meeting to breastfeed.
904:
The Northwest Territories and Nunavut often have the smallest percentages of female members of any legislature in Canada; however, women's representation made significant breakthroughs in the
69:, of becoming the first party with official party status ever to have an elected caucus that reached or exceeded parity between women and men, with four women and two men elected as MLAs. The
5726:
5664:
269:
1334:, one of Canada's first prominent women mayors, once famously quipped that "Whatever women do they must do twice as well as men to be thought half as good. Luckily, this is not difficult."
5741:
5600:
637:
4240:
6057:
1243:
in Prince Edward Island, had ever won election to a first ministership in Canada β notably, she led her party into an election where the main opposition party was also led by a woman,
58:. At various times, parties have also had 100 per cent female representation in their caucuses, but again only by virtue of having a caucus that consisted of just one or two members.
1395:
children and aging or ailing parents than most men do, to plan more easily toward a goal of running for political office; and the fact that most political parties have now moved to a
1189:, Kim Campbell claimed that her own campaign staff sometimes treated her more as a figurehead than as the actual leader of the party, even going so far as to keep campaign offices at
1089:
687:
4961:
4919:
4684:
1589:
was given an award by Equal Voice for her role in advancing women's participation in politics, in her speech she identified some of what she saw as the barriers, including a lack of
396:
was the first woman to win the leadership of a party with seats in the House of Commons. Louise Blanchard (Acadian party) was the first woman chief of a provincial party in Canada.
2428:
in 1974. Since then, all ten provinces have had female lieutenant governors, and all three territories have had female commissioners. The first female territorial commissioner was
539:
significant proportion of Canadian cabinets, as in the case of then-Ontario Premier Bob Rae's first cabinet in 1990, in which 11 of 26 ministers were women. As of July 2013, the
1491:
5293:
4371:
5965:
5955:
5731:
5438:
690:
of a legislature β although Smith had also previously served a short stint as Acting Speaker, and was similarly the first woman in both Canada and the British Empire to do so.
165:
was elected in a 1941 Edmonton by-election to succeed her late husband. On March 13, 1944, Casselman became the first woman ever to preside over the House of Commons as acting
5227:
4314:"Making a Difference When the Doors Are Open: Women in the Ontario NDP Cabinet 1990-1995" In Opening Doors Wider: Women's Political Engagement in Canada (Ed. Sylvia Bashevkin)
6042:
6027:
4732:
4552:
2629:, the territory's first-ever partisan legislative election. Although the party wins the election, Watson fails to win her own seat and thus does not become government leader.
5248:
5401:
4442:
5995:
528:
4147:
605:, a group of five women whose activism originally secured the right of women to be named to the Senate, were posthumously named as honorary senators in 2009. The women β
5736:
3822:
1142:
Both Copps and Campbell wrote in their autobiographies that their romantic and family lives were excessively scrutinized by colleagues and journalists. In the 2006 book
446:
408:
1112:
became the first woman in Canadian history to give birth to a child while serving as a provincial cabinet minister. She was followed in 2001 by Christy Clark. In 1987,
346:
5853:
5796:
3745:
2777:
2637:
5547:
5806:
4568:
3625:
2841:
2815:
2746:
46:
Political parties have occasionally achieved balanced representation in their elected caucuses, but mainly as a byproduct of a party collapse β for example, in the
5163:
4424:
5880:
5823:
5471:
2354:, women were elected to six of the seven seats (including the mayoralty). This council also included two women under the age of 40 at the time of their election.
1056:
588:
1269:
despite having more than a 10 per cent lead in the polls when the election was called. McLeod was criticized for a perceived tendency toward weak leadership and
6052:
5633:
4757:
569:
was appointed as the first woman to sit in the Senate. In 1955, Wilson achieved another first, becoming the first woman to become Deputy Speaker of the Senate.
4798:"Crafting a Public Image: Women MPs and the Dynamics of Media Coverage." In Opening Doors Wider: Women's Political Engagement in Canada (Ed. Sylvia Bashevkin)
5900:
5818:
5467:
4106:
3602:
522:
109:
5985:
5905:
5860:
4533:
3679:
3669:
3635:
1605:
928:
909:
85:
5980:
2758:
4589:
4166:
3612:
2886:
2648:
2441:
284:
166:
5828:
5595:
5431:
3500:
2137:
1366:
has asserted that one of the biggest barriers to women's greater participation in politics is their own fear of stepping into the public spotlight:
665:
492:
338:
51:
5875:
4836:
3561:
1227:
1096:
how she planned to balance her role as a mother with the responsibilities of serving as provincial premier if she won β to which Clark responded:
970:
4213:
2335:, with 15 women councillors representing exactly one-third of the full council. Women have also represented around a third of elected members of
5784:
3977:
3846:
1476:
1278:
303:, which title she assumed (after resigning her seat in Parliament) on 28 January 1984. SauvΓ© would continue as vicereine until Christmas 1989.
5838:
5577:
5572:
5567:
5562:
5557:
5552:
5542:
5537:
5532:
5527:
5522:
5517:
5512:
5507:
5502:
5497:
5492:
5487:
5482:
5477:
3144:
2466:
is the first woman in Canada to be elected to any office. She served six years on the Victoria School Board and was presented to the future
2251:
1543:
1274:
113:
4969:
4894:
4482:
4039:
4916:
3189:
3061:
2715:
2622:
1638:
in 1917, becoming the first woman ever elected to any municipal office in Canada. However, women had previously served as school trustees.
1041:
555:
Although women gained the right to stand for election to the House of Commons in 1918, women did not have the right to be appointed to the
438:
366:
1517:
have been accused of harshness and stridence, with Copps receiving the epithets of "baby", "slut" and "bitch" in Parliamentary discourse.
1036:
system, in which they were selected by their colleagues in the legislative assembly rather than by leading a political party to victory.
6121:
5424:
4856:
3796:
3078:
2091:
958:
5362:
1250:
However, as the number of women leaders has increased, several other women leaders have since led their parties to election victories.
6017:
6005:
5758:
5290:
3469:
2993:
2210:
2010:
973:, but the party was defeated in the subsequent general election. The first woman to become premier by winning a general election was
6047:
5945:
5865:
5791:
5694:
5626:
5346:
5122:
5091:
5060:
5029:
4998:
4275:
2800:
2363:
948:
650:
in 1917 to represent the electoral district of Claresholm. McKinney's victory was certified prior to the election of another woman,
473:
54:
achieved gender parity in their elected caucus, but only by virtue of electing just two Members of Parliament nationwide and losing
5268:
4736:
2293:
88:, with nine women and 10 men elected as MLAs; at the first formal meeting of the legislative assembly, the MLAs selected a woman,
5699:
5689:
5684:
5679:
5380:
4605:
4191:
3996:
3956:
2989:
2656:
1379:
924:
4151:
3870:
3314:
3013:
2766:
2754:
2593:
2571:
2501:
2332:
1414:
Conversely, commentators have also claimed that political parties in Canada have tended to turn to female leaders as an almost
1318:
Some have attributed this to the belief that the voting public widely ascribes leadership qualities more to men than to women.
647:
573:
427:
246:
5406:
1116:
became the first woman in Canadian history to give birth to a child while sitting as a federal Member of Parliament. In 1999,
6090:
6080:
5922:
5801:
3541:
3381:
2915:
2700:
2556:
2425:
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1616:
1350:
1296:
1292:
1254:
1231:
1185:
1176:
in 2005, political reaction to her announcement took on a very different tone than similar moves by male politicians β while
404:
393:
362:
358:
354:
350:
334:
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322:
253:
216:
200:
189:
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154:
143:
127:
47:
36:
4874:
1330:
that women in politics have to be tougher, stronger and harder-working than men to reach the same level of achievement, and
716:
Women serving as leaders of political parties which hold legislative seats at the provincial level as of November 2023
5325:
3431:
3245:
2486:
1266:
905:
669:
411:, but lost the subsequent general election. No woman has yet been elected Prime Minister of Canada in a general election.
119:
74:
24:
1322:, for example, once noted in a newspaper interview that "if you're a woman and you're aggressive, you're a ball-buster",
6116:
5619:
5461:
5160:
2905:
2830:
2633:
2604:
2377:
2255:
2240:
1612:
1341:
1311:, proved unable to capitalize on early signs of popularity, all ultimately losing significant ground for their parties.
1285:
shifting in the wind, and the party's popular support dropped almost 20 percentage points in the space of just 40 days.
1211:
1169:
508:
442:
257:
70:
2401:
was the first female governor general of Canada, appointed in 1984. Four other women have since been governor general:
1601:, so that both men and women in politics have greater flexibility to balance their job duties with their family lives.
1418:
ploy in times of crisis β in some cases, parties have been accused of relying on the "novelty" of a female leader as a
249:
for two days in 1958 while the PM was out of the country on a state visit, the first woman ever to be given that duty.
6032:
5309:
3220:
2626:
2351:
966:
708:, the territory's first partisan legislative election β however, she was defeated in her own riding by another woman,
705:
504:
469:
66:
547:
became the first prime minister to appoint a fully gender-balanced cabinet with equal numbers of both men and women.
2292:
that she was only able to serve on city council because as a retired teacher she was able to support herself on her
480:
of their parties during leadership campaigns; however, Grey was considered only an acting Leader of the Opposition.
5843:
5746:
4892:
The accidental symbol: How Martha Hall Findlay became synonymous with 'women in politics'βdespite her best efforts.
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4327:
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2804:
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2512:
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2067:
2047:
518:
Two smaller political parties which currently do not hold any seats in the House of Commons are also led by women:
300:
62:
28:
4517:
4012:
6012:
5935:
5930:
4402:
4349:
4062:
3214:
2925:
2781:
2478:
1871:
1578:
assumptions that their political and professional abilities are unequal to those of men in the same age bracket.
1144:
927:, the two largest and most urbanized communities in the territory, in any election between 1995 and 2019. In the
215:β were elected to Parliament. Every subsequent election has had at least two women elected to Parliament, except
4639:
4793:
3880:
2738:
2614:
becomes Canada's first female Deputy Minister, Ministry of Community & Social Services, Province of Ontario
2589:
2312:
1620:
1214:
in 2004 was labeled "Blond Ambition"; Stronach later attracted more press for dyeing her hair brown and dating
602:
577:
311:
288:
265:
130:, the first general election where women had full participation, five women stood as candidates: Harriet Dick,
2327:, Ontario, with women holding four of the seven ward seats alongside three male councillors and a male mayor.
5187:
4013:"'Gender never came into my mind,' says woman who brought N.W.T. Legislature to Canada's 1st female majority"
6095:
3596:
3256:
2909:
2901:
2852:
2792:
2671:
2445:
1922:
1415:
1173:
936:
870:
851:
683:
477:
370:
342:
4833:
1152:β Campbell's immediate predecessor as Prime Minister β asserted that Campbell's romantic relationship with
5763:
3786:
2919:
1556:
886:
610:
532:
227:
226:
Shipley became, in 1955, the first woman in Canadian history to introduce the formal motion to accept the
174:
139:
3207:
2552:
1486:
has noted the disparity between how male and female politicians are perceived by the public. In her book
1131:
was criticized for asking her in an interview whether her new job as premier would leave her any time to
430:, although this is largely a ceremonial post whose duties and power are dependent on the Prime Minister.
192:, the only election after 1921 in which no female candidates were elected to Parliament at all. However,
4397:
4279:
3864:
3329:
3224:
2727:
2689:
2433:
2336:
2320:
2319:, Ontario, with women holding the mayoralty and six of the 11 ward seats, and represent exactly half of
2271:
1829:
1400:
1262:
1021:
1007:
561:
543:
Cabinet had 11 female ministers in a cabinet of 39, though most held minor portfolios; in October 2015,
500:
385:
292:
162:
55:
5139:
2585:
becomes the first woman to be nominated as a candidate for the leadership of a federal political party.
2339:
in recent years, but have approached or exceeded 50 per cent of candidates elected to the lower-level
1085:, was not asked the same question despite holding a similarly busy and high-profile public position.
5212:"Parliament gets a makeover: An influx of young women could help change Canadian politics for good".
4812:
4713:
3833:
2340:
2328:
2084:
1635:
1270:
1033:
978:
81:
657:
MacAdams was the first woman in the British Empire to introduce a piece of legislation for debate.
6075:
5642:
4928:
3937:
3044:
2611:
2167:
1844:
1396:
1363:
1327:
1136:
789:
499:, who entered the House of Commons in the 2011 election as the leader and first elected MP of the
5232:
4891:
4771:
4214:"'She cleared our path': First female external affairs minister, Flora MacDonald, dead at age 89"
3890:
3653:
3537:
3414:
3404:
3391:
3103:
2972:
2837:
2788:
2750:
2381:
1956:
1547:
1539:
1455:
1240:
1165:
1049:
974:
357:, although they are a minor party who have never won a seat in the House of Commons. Between the
296:
170:
5021:
5015:
628:
In November 2020, the Senate briefly reached gender parity, with 47 male and 47 female members.
5114:
5108:
5083:
5077:
5052:
5046:
4990:
4984:
2761:
soon afterward, becoming the first woman in Canada to win a premiership in a general election.
5274:
5249:"NDP MP Moore, who gave birth during campaign, wants MPs to βaim higherβ on work-life balance"
5118:
5087:
5056:
5025:
4994:
4564:
3301:
3297:
3287:
3274:
3048:
2826:
2696:
2582:
2567:
2548:
2406:
2402:
2324:
2301:
2157:
2147:
2127:
2101:
2074:
1973:
1851:
1658:
1654:
1594:
1375:
1345:
1331:
1117:
1017:
825:
732:
434:
423:
389:
238:
231:
89:
84:
of the Northwest Territories achieved near gender parity across the entire legislature in the
4942:"What Now? After bringing the NDP far in 2005, this time Carole James couldn't seal the deal"
4081:
668:
in 1918 and was appointed to the BC government cabinet in 1921. Irene Parlby (elected in the
333:
has nominated the most female candidates in every election since its creation, except in the
6085:
3874:
3840:
3809:
3790:
3736:
3725:
3504:
3480:
3322:
3231:
3148:
3138:
3131:
3096:
3089:
3024:
3007:
2942:
2936:
2929:
2819:
2723:
2719:
2685:
2600:
2575:
2563:
2527:
2516:
2497:
2429:
2421:
2227:
2203:
2114:
1905:
1586:
1514:
1495:
1483:
1443:
1435:
1408:
1304:
1300:
1162:
1153:
1013:
954:
932:
878:
661:
651:
596:
592:
556:
381:
273:
242:
193:
1120:
became the first Member of Parliament to bring her newborn baby into the House of Commons.
5350:
5297:
5167:
4923:
4898:
4840:
4691:
4241:"Highest percentage ever of female and gender-diverse candidates running in this election"
3929:
3565:
3456:
3449:
3442:
3318:
3193:
3017:
2966:
2742:
2652:
2493:
2283:
1946:
1932:
1726:
1598:
1527:
1439:
1288:
771:
758:
643:
622:
584:
484:
204:
20:
5343:
4283:
3239:
2644:
2398:
1104:
family. My son is no longer a toddler. We've had this conversation. And we can handle it.
512:
280:
252:
The number of women elected to the House reached double digits for the first time in the
2555:, the first woman to lead a provincial political party in Canada, becomes leader of the
5253:
5214:
4709:
4538:
3884:
3850:
3773:
3701:
3673:
3589:
3530:
3463:
3418:
3395:
3336:
3291:
3281:
3183:
3172:
3165:
3158:
3117:
3110:
3082:
3072:
3065:
3038:
2976:
2890:
2880:
2873:
2773:
2667:
2534:
2523:
2508:
2474:
2437:
2244:
2180:
2057:
2020:
2000:
1939:
1915:
1898:
1756:
1650:
1646:
1642:
1499:
1447:
1391:
1337:
1244:
1190:
1149:
1109:
1100:
1060:
1045:
990:
890:
812:
784:
673:
614:
566:
544:
540:
315:
220:
158:
135:
131:
32:
4666:
1193:'s preferred room temperature even if Campbell ordered them to adjust the thermostat.
483:
Four other women have served as leaders of political parties in the House of Commons:
16:
Representation by women has been a significant issue in Canadian politics since 1900.
6110:
5172:
4903:
4696:
3915:
3826:
3712:
3694:
3683:
3629:
3606:
3572:
3548:
3435:
3408:
3375:
3249:
3235:
3176:
2946:
2711:
2663:
2482:
2410:
2236:
2040:
2030:
1990:
1983:
1888:
1864:
1809:
1796:
1308:
1177:
1158:
1082:
1077:
994:
962:
894:
799:
709:
496:
461:
419:
208:
3731:
Leaders of all political parties represented in the Legislature β Kathy Dunderdale,
2331:
also surpassed the Federation of Canadian Municipalities' 30 per cent target in the
5367:
5330:
4878:
4861:
4573:
4044:
3982:
3780:
3763:
3732:
3555:
3520:
3473:
3361:
3354:
3263:
3000:
2796:
2762:
2734:
2618:
2541:
2392:
2288:
2259:
1966:
1816:
1743:
1693:
1510:
1506:
1459:
1431:
1319:
1203:
1128:
1113:
939:, the Legislative Assembly had a majority of women legislatorsβ a first in Canada.
898:
882:
874:
838:
693:
679:
618:
606:
465:
457:
415:
400:
307:
185:
147:
40:
2544:
of BC becomes the first woman in the Commonwealth elected speaker of a legislature
2659:, making her the first woman to lead a political party in a Canadian legislature.
919:
In the Northwest Territories, a woman was not elected to any district outside of
388:
was the first woman ever to win the leadership of a federal political party, and
4609:
3639:
3619:
3494:
3368:
3270:
2962:
2894:
2848:
2463:
2369:
2316:
2217:
2190:
1878:
1789:
1779:
1769:
1631:
1582:
1566:
At various times, both federal and provincial parties have also been accused of
1451:
1427:
1323:
1282:
920:
697:
488:
449:
failed to vote for her, a loss of support which many commentators attributed to
212:
5402:
Library of Parliament ; Women Candidates in General Elections 1921 to Date
4941:
2703:) becomes the first woman to lead a political party with representation in the
1273:
on the issues, especially after she withdrew her party's support from the 1994
3905:
3894:
3800:
3749:
3708:
3690:
3347:
2953:
2414:
1733:
1703:
1468:
1404:
1258:
1025:
986:
745:
345:
nominated the most female candidates for the first time in their history. The
97:
5416:
1657:
became the first woman ever elected as mayor in a general election; in 1951,
4626:
3646:
3385:
1713:
1498:'s marital status "four times as often as they did that of fellow contender
1093:
261:
4483:"The Canadian Senate briefly reached gender parity β here's why it matters"
2757:
in January by winning the leadership of the governing party; she calls the
2692:) becomes the first woman ever to lead a federal political party in Canada.
625:β are the only people in the history of the Senate to be given this honor.
487:, who succeeded McLaughlin as leader of the New Democratic Party in 1995;
5313:
5110:
Women, Power, Politics: The Hidden Story of Canada's Unfinished Democracy
5079:
Women, Power, Politics: The Hidden Story of Canada's Unfinished Democracy
5048:
Women, Power, Politics: The Hidden Story of Canada's Unfinished Democracy
5017:
Women, Power, Politics: The Hidden Story of Canada's Unfinished Democracy
4986:
Women, Power, Politics: The Hidden Story of Canada's Unfinished Democracy
4946:
4718:
4671:
4593:
4017:
3343:
3034:
2467:
2305:
1590:
1567:
1488:
Women, Power, Politics: The Hidden Story of Canada's Unfinished Democracy
1419:
1257:
were decimated in 1993, both failing to reach official party status, and
1215:
4497:
Give Your Other Vote to the Sister: A Woman's Journey into the Great War
4148:"Ellen Louks Fairclough: Canada's First Female Federal Cabinet Minister"
3360:
Interim Leader of the Official Opposition in the Legislative Assembly β
2368:
Canada is a constitutional monarchy whose head of state, currently King
2308:
services, to facilitate the participation of women with young children.
1210:
Belinda Stronach's run against Stephen Harper for the leadership of the
591:. She held the role until 1997. Two more women have since had the role:
4057:
2263:
1839:
1124:
1064:
1029:
969:
for seven months in 1991 after she won the leadership of the governing
5611:
2311:
Among major Canadian cities, women currently comprise the majority on
1494:
may serve as a case-study: as Bashevkin observes, the media mentioned
565:(commonly known as the Persons Case) was decided. The following year,
4569:"Why do Canadaβs women premiers seem to only get one term in office?"
4192:"Flora MacDonald, first female External Affairs minister, dies at 89"
3280:
Leader of a political party with representation in the legislature β
2952:
Leader of a political party with representation in the legislature β
1662:
1575:
1132:
450:
3513:
Acting Speaker of the Legislative Assembly β Mary Ellen Smith β 1928
157:, Macphail was defeated and Black did not stand as a candidate, but
2380:, who perform the ceremonial functions of the head of state in the
5385:
2489:, becoming the first woman ever to stand in a provincial election.
2267:
701:
19:
The first woman elected to a provincial legislature in Canada was
5228:"Belinda Stronachβs prescription for getting women into politics"
4685:"Premier or not, Clark sets the boundaries for her personal life"
4372:"Wilson, Honourable Cairine Reay Mackay National Historic Person"
1641:
In 1920, Violet Barss became the first woman ever appointed as a
409:
winning the leadership of the governing Progressive Conservatives
5752:
first heads of state and government in Muslim-majority countries
3374:
Leader of the Official Opposition in the Legislative Assembly β
5615:
5420:
1665:
became the first woman elected mayor of a major Canadian city.
1407:
are typically more willing to vote for women leaders than the "
365:
elections, the top ranking was consistently held by either the
2387:
Canada has had two female monarchs since Confederation: Queen
660:
The first woman to serve as a provincial cabinet minister was
196:
was elected to the House in a by-election the following year.
5273:. Calgary: Famous Five Foundation. p. 40. Archived from
1218:
than for her actual accomplishments in politics or business.
1123:
Similarly, following Clark's victory in the leadership race,
237:
Fairclough became, in 1957, the first woman appointed to the
3978:"Young MLAs, many of them female, will soon rule in Alberta"
3585:
Candidate for the Legislative Assembly β Hilda Ramsay β 1951
2254:
in early 2009 found that women outnumbered men as municipal
5411:
173:
had to briefly step away from the chair and deputy speaker
5161:"B.C. NDP to choose candidates through affirmative action"
4443:"The Liberal Team | Senators | Honourable Joyce Fairbairn"
3957:"Kim Campbell becomes Canada's first woman prime minister"
1403:
method of selecting leaders, has helped women because the
5601:
Women in Canadian provincial and territorial legislatures
4834:"Women leaders have to be tougher and stronger than men".
3157:
Interim leader of a political party in the legislature β
1299:. Several women leaders of provincial parties, including
638:
Women in Canadian provincial and territorial legislatures
268:
in 1979, MacDonald was appointed by him the first female
5310:"Province urges women to run in fall municipal election"
4590:"The Year of the Woman (in provincial politics, anyway)"
4082:"Women's Suffrage in Canada | The Canadian Encyclopedia"
3523:- 1950 - first woman elected speaker in the Commonwealth
2470:
as the only woman elected as a school trustee in Canada.
1032:, have been territorial premiers through a non-partisan
642:
The first woman elected to a provincial legislature was
5291:
FCM Municipal Statistics: Male-Female Gender Statistics
4553:"Push to get women into territorial politics a success"
4167:"Conservative trailblazer Flora MacDonald dies aged 89"
3997:"Here's who will be in Caroline Cochrane's NWT cabinet"
188:
was elected that year. Strum, in turn, was defeated in
4606:"Did sexism play a role in Alison Redfordβs downfall?"
4518:"A Few Good Women: The Gender Problem in NWT Politics"
3164:
Interim Leader of the Opposition in the legislature β
1668:
Other prominent women mayors in Canada have included:
1382:
MLA in Nova Scotia, has offered a similar assessment:
1253:
Campbell's Progressive Conservatives and McLaughlin's
5363:"Porter: Female breakthrough on Toronto city council"
3721:
Leader of the Official Opposition β Lynn Verge β 1995
2844:. She was national chief from July 2021 to June 2023.
318:. In the subsequent general election she was ousted.
4917:"Female representation in legislature inches upward"
4534:"Close race in western Nunavut hub triggers recount"
4301:. Toronto: University of Toronto Press. p. 283.
4274:
Jane Arscott and Linda Trimble (December 20, 2002).
4107:"History is Made When a Woman Acts as House Speaker"
2551:
becomes Canada's first woman mayor of a major city.
1291:
led the New Democrats to a modest resurgence in the
1161:
and their four children did to his. Similarly, when
6068:
5774:
5649:
5588:
5454:
5381:"Trans candidate makes Canadian history in Ontario"
4875:"They called me sweetie β I was very uncomfortable"
4733:"Stronach calls personal attacks on her a disgrace"
4640:"Danielle Smith sworn in as Alberta's 19th premier"
4040:"Canada 50th in participation by women in politics"
1090:
2011 British Columbia Liberal Party leadership race
672:) and Smith were the first two women in the entire
5706:Speakers of national and territorial legislatures
3030:Leader of the Opposition β Sharon Carstairs β 1988
2677:1984 β Jeanne SauvΓ© becomes Canada's first female
712:, and therefore did not become government leader.
696:, who became the first leader of the newly formed
529:Animal Alliance Environment Voters Party of Canada
5326:"Politics in Greater Sudbury lacks female voices"
4623:"Caroline Cochrane elected premier of the N.W.T."
2247:woman to be elected as a mayor in North America.
1135:. While sitting as a provincial MLA in Manitoba,
447:1976 Progressive Conservative leadership election
272:in Canadian history, and one of the first female
3746:Lieutenant Governor of Newfoundland and Labrador
1411:" inside a political party's establishment are.
4857:"For female politicians, equality is hard work"
4150:. Electoral Insight. March 2003. Archived from
3718:Leader of a political party β Lynn Verge β 1995
2842:national chief of the Assembly of First Nations
1384:
1368:
1355:
1098:
349:nominated more women than the New Democrats in
256:, when 10 women were elected, and among those,
5113:. Don Mills: Oxford University Press. p.
5082:. Don Mills: Oxford University Press. p.
5051:. Don Mills: Oxford University Press. p.
5020:. Don Mills: Oxford University Press. p.
4989:. Don Mills: Oxford University Press. p.
4667:"Christy Clark and the Woman Politician Thing"
3516:Female Mayor β Stella Gummow, Peachland β 1944
2519:in BC becomes the first woman cabinet minister
1530:resigned her post as head of the NDP in 2003.
1057:2013 Ontario Liberal Party leadership election
682:became the first woman in both Canada and the
5627:
5432:
3659:Premier reelected β Catherine Callbeck β 1993
1207:as "Alexa McDonough, Call your dry-cleaner."
8:
4714:"A Woman's Place is in the House of Commons"
4585:
4583:
4398:"Cairine Wilson | The Canadian Encyclopedia"
4076:
4074:
4072:
2959:Leader of the Opposition β Lyn McLeod β 1992
587:became the first female senator to be named
580:, who served in the role from 1972 to 1974.
523:Communist Party of Canada (Marxist-Leninist)
329:Of the major federal political parties, the
180:Nielsen and Casselman were both defeated in
110:List of women elected to Canadian Parliament
5727:Constituent and dependent territory leaders
5650:Lists of female holders of political office
5407:Still Counting β Women in Canadian Politics
5286:
5284:
5208:
5206:
3742:Premier reelected β Kathy Dunderdale β 2011
1606:2015 Northwest Territories general election
1088:When Clark announced her candidacy for the
929:2019 Northwest Territories general election
910:2019 Northwest Territories general election
86:2019 Northwest Territories general election
5634:
5620:
5612:
5439:
5425:
5417:
4007:
4005:
3510:Cabinet minister β Mary Ellen Smith β 1921
3154:Cabinet minister β Brenda Robertson β 1970
2759:1993 Prince Edward Island general election
869:As of November 2023, seven women are
5775:National politics/government/legislatures
4772:"It's official: Conservatives are hotter"
4513:
4511:
4509:
4507:
4505:
3401:Premier reelected β Alison Redford β 2012
2722:. She is followed later the same year by
2526:becomes the first woman appointed to the
2442:Commissioner of the Northwest Territories
2420:The first female lieutenant governor was
1615:gave birth to her first child during the
399:Canada has had one woman Prime Minister,
285:Speaker of the House of Commons of Canada
5732:First women holders of political offices
5596:List of female first ministers in Canada
5353:. Federation of Canadian Municipalities.
5244:
5242:
4662:
4660:
4276:"Where have all the women leaders gone?"
4269:
4267:
4265:
4263:
4261:
2286:city councilor Evelyn Dutrisac told the
1670:
1399:system, instead of the more traditional
961:in Canada. The first female premier was
714:
666:Legislative Assembly of British Columbia
5871:Lieutenant governors and administrators
3948:
3562:Lieutenant Governor of British Columbia
2776:becomes the first woman to run for the
2638:Secretary of State for External Affairs
2511:becomes the first woman elected to the
403:. She became Prime Minister before the
310:became the first woman to be appointed
270:Secretary of State for External Affairs
27:, while the first woman elected to the
5656:Elected or appointed national leaders
4136:. Canada. March 25, 1981. p. P20.
3618:Interim leader of a political party β
3519:Speaker of the Legislative Assembly -
3353:Interim Leader of a political party -
3182:Speaker of the Legislative Assembly -
2747:Leader of the Government in the Senate
2566:becomes Canada's first federal female
589:Leader of the Government in the Senate
507:, who served as interim leader of the
491:, who served as interim leader of the
5412:Equal Voice: Electing Women in Canada
2872:Candidate for any electoral office β
2252:Federation of Canadian Municipalities
1544:British Columbia New Democratic Party
1492:2004 Conservative leadership election
1275:Equality Rights Statute Amendment Act
114:Women in the 44th Canadian Parliament
7:
4960:Hunter, Justine (December 6, 2010).
4499:, University of Calgary Press, 2007.
4469:"'Famous 5' named honorary senators"
4239:Dunham, Jackie (September 2, 2021).
3190:Lieutenant Governor of New Brunswick
2814:becomes the first woman to serve as
2716:British Columbia Social Credit Party
2623:Yukon Progressive Conservative Party
1092:, she was again asked by journalist
1042:Premier of the Northwest Territories
367:Co-operative Commonwealth Federation
5737:first governors and chief ministers
4735:. CTV. May 22, 2005. Archived from
3479:Interim Leader of the Opposition β
3262:Speaker of the National Assembly β
3079:Lieutenant Governor of Saskatchewan
2537:becomes Canada's first woman mayor.
953:As of 2023, 14 women have been the
632:Provincial and territorial politics
4485:. The Conversation. March 3, 2021.
3871:Member of the Legislative Assembly
3823:Member of the Legislative Assembly
3770:Member of the Legislative Assembly
3603:Member of the Legislative Assembly
3501:Member of the Legislative Assembly
3470:Lieutenant Governor of Nova Scotia
3432:Member of the Legislative Assembly
3315:Member of the Legislative Assembly
3145:Member of the Legislative Assembly
3062:Member of the Legislative Assembly
2990:Member of the Legislative Assembly
2372:, is represented in Canada by the
2350:In the 2014 municipal election in
1281:election ads depicted McLeod as a
1067:to be a first minister in Canada.
704:, led her party to victory in the
341:, and the 2008 election, when the
118:At the federal level, women first
14:
4165:Martin, Patrick (July 26, 2015).
3806:Senator - Ione Christensen - 1999
2718:, becoming Canada's first female
2364:List of female viceroys in Canada
1521:Encouraging women's participation
949:List of female premiers in Canada
314:when she was passed the torch by
73:attained the distinction, in the
65:attained the distinction, in the
4811:Fraser, Sylvia (February 2006).
3999:. Cabin Radio, October 24, 2019.
3922:
3908:
2855:gains its first female majority.
2657:Nova Scotia New Democratic Party
1619:. In her first statement to the
347:Marxist-Leninist Party of Canada
5186:Duffy, Andrew (April 9, 2011).
4555:. Cabin Radio, October 1, 2019.
4449:. Liberal Party of Canada. 2005
4328:"Women Members of the Ministry"
4058:"Women in national parliaments"
3863:Federal Member of Parliament β
3832:Federal Member of Parliament β
3762:Federal Member of Parliament β
3707:Federal Member of Parliament β
3680:Member of the House of Assembly
3670:Member of the House of Assembly
3595:Federal Member of Parliament β
3529:Federal Member of Parliament -
3448:Federal Member of Parliament β
3328:Federal Member of Parliament β
3230:Federal Member of Parliament β
3221:Member of the National Assembly
3137:Federal Member of Parliament β
3071:Federal Member of Parliament β
3014:Lieutenant Governor of Manitoba
3006:Federal Member of Parliament β
2887:Member of Provincial Parliament
2879:Federal Member of Parliament β
2847:2023 β With the appointment of
2755:Premier of Prince Edward Island
2649:Speaker of the House of Commons
2594:Speaker of the Senate of Canada
2502:Legislative Assembly of Alberta
1546:has used a strategy in which a
935:and the by-election victory of
830:Progressive Conservative Party
648:Legislative Assembly of Alberta
283:was appointed the first female
6091:Muslim women political leaders
6081:Council of Women World Leaders
4813:"The Belinda Stronach Defense"
4086:www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca
3779:Leader of a political party β
3645:Leader of a political party β
3542:British Columbia Liberal Party
3536:Leader of a political party β
3455:Leader of a political party β
3382:Lieutenant Governor of Alberta
3367:Leader of a political party -
3206:Leader of a political party β
3171:Leader of a political party β
3116:Leader of a political party -
3088:Leader of a political party β
3023:Leader of a political party β
2935:Leader of a political party β
2916:Lieutenant Governor of Ontario
2829:becomes Canada's first female
2799:becomes Canada's first female
2791:becomes Canada's first female
2765:becomes Canada's first female
2745:becomes Canada's first female
2737:becomes Canada's first female
2636:becomes Canada's first female
2603:becomes Canada's first female
2426:Lieutenant Governor of Ontario
2294:Ontario Teachers' Pension Plan
1581:The non-partisan organization
1471:, led the party to a slightly
1351:Hamilton, Ontario City Council
1295:, but lost seats again in the
881:in Newfoundland and Labrador,
877:in the Northwest Territories,
698:Progressive Conservative Party
169:, on an occasion when speaker
37:1921 Canadian federal election
1:
5891:Islamic Consultative Assembly
5660:heads of state and government
4471:. CBC News. October 10, 2009.
3526:Senator - Nancy Hodges - 1953
3246:Lieutenant Governor of Quebec
2256:chief administrative officers
1645:in Canada, in the village of
1520:
1197:Beauty and aesthetic critique
906:2017 Nunavut general election
670:1921 Alberta general election
511:following the resignation of
476:. All of the women served as
75:2015 Alberta general election
25:1917 Alberta general election
5462:List of vicereines in Canada
5270:200 Remarkable Alberta Women
4962:"Carole James standing down"
4621:John Last and Sidney Cohen,
4299:Women and Politics in Canada
4194:. Global News. July 26, 2015
2578:'s absence from the country.
2376:and in the provinces by the
2241:Annapolis Royal, Nova Scotia
1676:Provinces & Territories
1550:whose incumbent MLA retires
1342:Ontario New Democratic Party
509:Conservative Party of Canada
223:was the only woman elected.
71:Alberta New Democratic Party
5742:first members of parliament
5188:"More women, fewer chances"
4447:www.collectionscanada.gc.ca
4282:ExpressNews. Archived from
3554:Leader of the Opposition β
3255:Leader of the Opposition β
3109:Leader of the Opposition -
3095:Leader of the Opposition β
2714:wins the leadership of the
2487:Ontario provincial election
2477:runs as a candidate of the
2352:Esquimalt, British Columbia
967:Premier of British Columbia
203:, four women β Fairclough,
134:, Elizabeth Bethune Kiely,
67:2011 Yukon general election
6138:
6122:Canadian women in politics
5676:Ministers and secretaries
5670:deputy heads of government
5448:Women in Canadian politics
5166:November 10, 2012, at the
5107:Bashevkin, Sylvia (2009).
5076:Bashevkin, Sylvia (2009).
5045:Bashevkin, Sylvia (2009).
5014:Bashevkin, Sylvia (2009).
4983:Bashevkin, Sylvia (2009).
2513:House of Commons of Canada
2452:Timeline of notable events
2440:was both the first female
2361:
1857:
1803:Newfoundland And Labrador
946:
817:United Conservative Party
635:
301:Governor-General of Canada
107:
63:Yukon New Democratic Party
29:House of Commons of Canada
5996:Heads of federal subjects
4897:February 6, 2008, at the
4794:Goodyear-Grant, Elizabeth
4403:The Canadian Encyclopedia
4297:MacIvor, Heather (1996).
4063:Inter-parliamentary Union
3664:Newfoundland and Labrador
3215:Marianna Beauchamp Jodoin
3010:(Rogers' daughter) β 1963
2840:becomes the first female
2782:Assembly of First Nations
2666:becomes the first female
2647:becomes the first female
2592:becomes the first female
2479:Canadian Socialist League
2199:
2196:
2173:
2120:
2080:
2063:
2036:
1979:
1962:
1928:
1911:
1894:
1860:
1838:
1835:
1805:
1802:
1785:
1762:
1722:
1719:
1686:
1617:federal election campaign
1426:Meanwhile, women such as
1344:who was elected mayor of
1340:, a former leader of the
1326:told an interviewer from
1145:The Secret Mulroney Tapes
1044:on October 24, 2019, and
706:1978 territorial election
664:, who was elected to the
646:, who was elected to the
493:Progressive Conservatives
433:Several women, including
339:Progressive Conservatives
291:. In 1984 her leader, PM
146:, when she was joined by
52:Progressive Conservatives
5466:Parliament (Full lists:
5316:Edmonton, June 19, 2017.
4968:. Canada. Archived from
4425:"Speakers of the Senate"
3797:Leader of the Opposition
3626:Leader of the Opposition
2816:Leader of the Opposition
2801:Leader of the Opposition
2590:Muriel McQueen Fergusson
2313:Mississauga City Council
2250:A study released by the
1621:42nd Canadian Parliament
1479:than James had in 2009.
1362:Conversely, however, MP
1267:1995 provincial election
676:to hold cabinet posts.
578:Muriel McQueen Fergusson
474:Leader of the Opposition
337:, when it tied with the
312:Prime Minister of Canada
289:32nd Canadian Parliament
266:Prime Minister of Canada
245:; she was also named as
120:earned the right to vote
6096:Women Political Leaders
5267:Sanderson, Kay (1999).
4800:. Vancouver: UBC Press.
4316:. Vancouver: UBC Press.
3682:(post-Confederation) β
3597:Margaret Mary Macdonald
3257:Monique Gagnon-Tremblay
2853:Supreme Court of Canada
2812:CΓ©line Hervieux-Payette
2672:Supreme Court of Canada
1923:Anne Marie DeCicco-Best
937:Jane Weyallon Armstrong
684:Commonwealth of Nations
371:Labor-Progressive Party
276:anywhere in the world.
5881:Deputy chief ministers
5715:unicameral parliaments
5349:July 18, 2011, at the
5296:July 18, 2011, at the
5142:. Parliament of Canada
4922:June 15, 2009, at the
4352:. Parliament of Canada
4330:. Parliament of Canada
4312:Byrne, Leslie (2009).
3672:(pre-Confederation) β
3615:β Jean Canfield β 1972
2795:of the Supreme Court.
2655:becomes leader of the
1557:reverse discrimination
1389:
1373:
1360:
1226:Unlike the offices of
1106:
1048:, who was sworn in as
611:Henrietta Muir Edwards
228:Speech from the Throne
175:Joseph-Arthur Bradette
140:Harriet Dunlop Prenter
5665:deputy heads of state
5389:, September 28, 2011.
5140:"Women in Parliament"
4690:July 8, 2011, at the
4280:University of Alberta
3865:Nancy Karetak-Lindell
3817:Northwest Territories
3330:Cora Taylor Casselman
3225:Marie-Claire Kirkland
2900:Band councilor for a
2767:Deputy Prime Minister
2728:Northwest Territories
2572:Acting Prime Minister
2570:, and also serves as
2434:Commissioner of Yukon
2337:Montreal City Council
2321:Waterloo City Council
2272:Northwest Territories
2243:, becoming the first
2239:was elected mayor of
2108:Prince Edward Island
1830:Moira Leiper Ducharme
1559:against them as men.
1401:leadership convention
1263:Ontario Liberal Party
1183:In her autobiography
1063:became the first out
1022:Northwest Territories
1008:University of Calgary
959:province or territory
856:New Democratic Party
843:New Democratic Party
804:New Democratic Party
763:New Democratic Party
750:New Democratic Party
686:to be elected as the
574:Speaker of the Senate
562:Edwards v Canada (AG)
428:Deputy Prime Minister
405:1993 federal election
293:Pierre Elliot Trudeau
247:Acting Prime Minister
230:of the government of
163:Cora Taylor Casselman
56:official party status
6058:Lieutenant governors
5589:Provincial and local
5257:, December 21, 2015.
5176:, November 18, 2007.
4972:on December 9, 2010.
4844:Human Rights Tribune
4839:May 9, 2009, at the
4429:Parliament of Canada
4066:, February 28, 2010.
3959:. CBC. June 21, 2018
3834:Ethel Blondin-Andrew
3689:Cabinet ministers β
3580:Prince Edward Island
3571:Premier reelected β
2574:for two days during
2378:lieutenant governors
2329:Toronto City Council
1885:Toronto (East York)
1636:Calgary City Council
1482:Political scientist
1255:New Democratic Party
1034:consensus government
979:Prince Edward Island
394:New Democratic Party
331:New Democratic Party
82:consensus government
6117:Elections in Canada
6076:All-women shortlist
5759:Hereditary monarchs
5643:Women in government
5371:, October 27, 2010.
5236:, November 9, 2010.
4865:, February 4, 2011.
4675:, December 9, 2010.
4629:, October 24, 2019.
4596:, October 15, 2011.
4542:, October 31, 2017.
4524:, December 4, 2015.
3938:Women in government
3812:β Pat Duncan β 2000
3636:Lieutenant Governor
3462:Cabinet Minister β
3045:Premier of Manitoba
2861:Provincial/regional
2831:Minister of Finance
2627:1978 Yukon election
2612:Dorothea Crittenden
2605:Lieutenant Governor
2500:are elected to the
2168:Colette Roy-Laroche
1845:Elisapee Sheutiapik
1672:
1542:. For example, the
1397:one member one vote
1364:Martha Hall Findlay
1328:Inter Press Service
1137:Judy Wasylycia-Leis
971:Social Credit Party
887:Geneviève Guilbault
717:
132:Rose Mary Henderson
5334:, August 20, 2010.
5233:The Globe and Mail
4171:The Globe and Mail
3654:Catherine Callbeck
3538:Shirley McLoughlin
3415:Premier of Alberta
3405:Premier of Alberta
3392:Premier of Alberta
3104:Raynell Andreychuk
2973:Premier of Ontario
2838:RoseAnne Archibald
2789:Beverley McLachlin
2751:Catherine Callbeck
2382:Westminster system
2304:programs, such as
2138:Catherine Fournier
1957:Marianne Meed Ward
1671:
1627:Municipal politics
1548:riding association
1540:affirmative action
1456:Shirley McLoughlin
1241:Catherine Callbeck
1212:Conservative Party
1050:Premier of Alberta
975:Catherine Callbeck
715:
559:until 1929, when
297:Queen Elizabeth II
199:In the subsequent
171:James Allison Glen
6104:
6103:
5962:Papua New Guinea
5911:Cabinet ministers
5609:
5608:
5277:on June 16, 2013.
4855:Susan Delacourt,
4612:, March 20, 2014.
4495:Debbie Marshall.
4286:on March 7, 2007.
4154:on April 2, 2015.
3829:(Pederson) β 1970
3493:School trustee -
3298:Mayor of Montreal
3288:Premier of Quebec
3049:Heather Stefanson
2827:Chrystia Freeland
2697:Audrey McLaughlin
2583:Mary Walker-Sawka
2549:Charlotte Whitton
2444:(in 1995) and of
2403:Adrienne Clarkson
2302:work-life balance
2233:
2232:
2102:Elizabeth Kishkon
2075:Marianne Matichuk
2054:Sault Ste. Marie
1974:Jacquelin Holzman
1852:Madeleine Redfern
1720:British Columbia
1659:Charlotte Whitton
1655:Webbwood, Ontario
1595:videoconferencing
1538:closely resemble
1376:Maureen MacDonald
1332:Charlotte Whitton
1222:Political aspects
1166:crossed the floor
1118:Michelle Dockrill
1055:Upon winning the
1052:in October 2022.
1018:Caroline Cochrane
943:Women as premiers
893:in Saskatchewan,
863:
862:
826:Heather Stefanson
779:British Columbia
733:Dominique Anglade
572:The first female
472:β have served as
435:Mary Walker-Sawka
426:β have served as
424:Chrystia Freeland
390:Audrey McLaughlin
274:foreign ministers
239:Cabinet of Canada
232:Louis St. Laurent
177:was unavailable.
161:was elected, and
90:Caroline Cochrane
80:The non-partisan
6129:
6086:Gender power gap
5916:Junior ministers
5636:
5629:
5622:
5613:
5441:
5434:
5427:
5418:
5390:
5378:
5372:
5360:
5354:
5344:"Getting to 30%"
5341:
5335:
5323:
5317:
5307:
5301:
5288:
5279:
5278:
5264:
5258:
5246:
5237:
5225:
5219:
5210:
5201:
5199:
5197:
5195:
5183:
5177:
5158:
5152:
5151:
5149:
5147:
5135:
5129:
5128:
5104:
5098:
5097:
5073:
5067:
5066:
5042:
5036:
5035:
5011:
5005:
5004:
4980:
4974:
4973:
4957:
4951:
4939:
4933:
4932:, June 11, 2009.
4914:
4908:
4907:, MayβJune 2007.
4888:
4882:
4872:
4866:
4853:
4847:
4846:, March 6, 2009.
4831:
4825:
4824:
4822:
4820:
4808:
4802:
4801:
4790:
4784:
4783:
4781:
4779:
4768:
4762:
4755:
4749:
4748:
4746:
4744:
4729:
4723:
4707:
4701:
4700:, March 2, 2011.
4682:
4676:
4664:
4655:
4654:
4652:
4650:
4636:
4630:
4619:
4613:
4603:
4597:
4587:
4578:
4562:
4556:
4551:Emelie Peacock,
4549:
4543:
4531:
4525:
4515:
4500:
4493:
4487:
4486:
4479:
4473:
4472:
4465:
4459:
4458:
4456:
4454:
4439:
4433:
4432:
4421:
4415:
4414:
4412:
4410:
4396:Gwiazda, Emily.
4393:
4387:
4386:
4384:
4382:
4368:
4362:
4361:
4359:
4357:
4346:
4340:
4339:
4337:
4335:
4324:
4318:
4317:
4309:
4303:
4302:
4294:
4288:
4287:
4271:
4256:
4255:
4253:
4251:
4236:
4230:
4229:
4227:
4225:
4210:
4204:
4203:
4201:
4199:
4188:
4182:
4181:
4179:
4177:
4162:
4156:
4155:
4144:
4138:
4137:
4129:
4123:
4122:
4120:
4118:
4113:. March 14, 1944
4103:
4097:
4096:
4094:
4092:
4078:
4067:
4055:
4049:
4048:, March 8, 2010.
4037:
4031:
4030:
4028:
4026:
4009:
4000:
3995:Ollie Williams,
3993:
3987:
3975:
3969:
3968:
3966:
3964:
3953:
3932:
3927:
3926:
3925:
3918:
3913:
3912:
3911:
3875:Manitok Thompson
3841:Nellie Cournoyea
3791:Ione Christensen
3737:Lorraine Michael
3726:Kathy Dunderdale
3613:Cabinet minister
3505:Mary Ellen Smith
3488:British Columbia
3481:Karla MacFarlane
3323:Roberta MacAdams
3208:Thérèse Casgrain
3149:Brenda Robertson
3139:Margaret Rideout
3132:Muriel Fergusson
3097:Lynda Haverstock
3090:Lynda Haverstock
3025:Sharon Carstairs
3008:Margaret Konantz
2943:Mayor of Toronto
2937:Elizabeth Rowley
2930:Bette Stephenson
2920:Pauline McGibbon
2805:House of Commons
2724:Nellie Cournoyea
2705:House of Commons
2686:Kathryn Cholette
2679:Governor General
2601:Pauline McGibbon
2576:John Diefenbaker
2568:cabinet minister
2564:Ellen Fairclough
2553:Thérèse Casgrain
2528:Senate of Canada
2517:Mary Ellen Smith
2498:Roberta MacAdams
2430:Ione Christensen
2422:Pauline McGibbon
2374:governor general
2228:Yolanda Burkhard
2204:Ione Christensen
2115:Dorothy Corrigan
1906:Frances Nunziata
1673:
1587:Belinda Stronach
1515:Sharon Carstairs
1496:Belinda Stronach
1484:Sylvia Bashevkin
1444:Sharon Carstairs
1436:Lynda Haverstock
1409:old boys network
1305:Lynda Haverstock
1301:Sharon Carstairs
1202:Conservative MP
1163:Belinda Stronach
1154:Gregory Lekhtman
1125:Global Vancouver
1071:Personal aspects
1014:Nellie Cournoyea
933:Jackson Lafferty
790:QuΓ©bec solidaire
724:Political Party
718:
662:Mary Ellen Smith
652:Roberta MacAdams
597:Marjory LeBreton
595:(2001β2003) and
593:Sharon Carstairs
557:Senate of Canada
382:Kathryn Cholette
299:to make her the
243:John Diefenbaker
194:Ellen Fairclough
104:Federal politics
100:for 49th place.
6137:
6136:
6132:
6131:
6130:
6128:
6127:
6126:
6107:
6106:
6105:
6100:
6064:
6024:United Kingdom
5876:Chief ministers
5829:First ministers
5770:
5645:
5640:
5610:
5605:
5584:
5450:
5445:
5398:
5393:
5379:
5375:
5361:
5357:
5351:Wayback Machine
5342:
5338:
5324:
5320:
5308:
5304:
5300:. January 2009.
5298:Wayback Machine
5289:
5282:
5266:
5265:
5261:
5247:
5240:
5226:
5222:
5211:
5204:
5193:
5191:
5185:
5184:
5180:
5168:Wayback Machine
5159:
5155:
5145:
5143:
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5125:
5106:
5105:
5101:
5094:
5075:
5074:
5070:
5063:
5044:
5043:
5039:
5032:
5013:
5012:
5008:
5001:
4982:
4981:
4977:
4959:
4958:
4954:
4950:, May 13, 2009.
4940:
4936:
4924:Wayback Machine
4915:
4911:
4899:Wayback Machine
4890:Egle Procuta. "
4889:
4885:
4881:, July 8, 2009.
4873:
4869:
4854:
4850:
4841:Wayback Machine
4832:
4828:
4818:
4816:
4810:
4809:
4805:
4792:
4791:
4787:
4777:
4775:
4770:
4769:
4765:
4756:
4752:
4742:
4740:
4739:on June 5, 2008
4731:
4730:
4726:
4708:
4704:
4692:Wayback Machine
4683:
4679:
4665:
4658:
4648:
4646:
4644:edmontonjournal
4638:
4637:
4633:
4620:
4616:
4604:
4600:
4588:
4581:
4577:, June 6, 2018.
4563:
4559:
4550:
4546:
4532:
4528:
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4503:
4494:
4490:
4481:
4480:
4476:
4467:
4466:
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4452:
4450:
4441:
4440:
4436:
4423:
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4418:
4408:
4406:
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4394:
4390:
4380:
4378:
4370:
4369:
4365:
4355:
4353:
4348:
4347:
4343:
4333:
4331:
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4325:
4321:
4311:
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4296:
4295:
4291:
4273:
4272:
4259:
4249:
4247:
4238:
4237:
4233:
4223:
4221:
4220:. July 26, 2015
4212:
4211:
4207:
4197:
4195:
4190:
4189:
4185:
4175:
4173:
4164:
4163:
4159:
4146:
4145:
4141:
4132:"Ann Shipley".
4131:
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4126:
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4114:
4105:
4104:
4100:
4090:
4088:
4080:
4079:
4070:
4056:
4052:
4038:
4034:
4024:
4022:
4021:. July 29, 2021
4011:
4010:
4003:
3994:
3990:
3976:
3972:
3962:
3960:
3955:
3954:
3950:
3946:
3930:Feminism portal
3928:
3923:
3921:
3914:
3909:
3907:
3904:
3860:
3819:
3759:
3666:
3582:
3566:Iona Campagnolo
3490:
3457:Alexa McDonough
3450:Coline Campbell
3443:Margaret Norrie
3428:
3319:Louise McKinney
3311:
3203:
3194:Margaret McCain
3127:
3058:
3018:Pearl McGonigal
2986:
2967:Christin Milloy
2906:Marion Anderson
2869:
2864:
2743:Joyce Fairbairn
2653:Alexa McDonough
2634:Flora MacDonald
2494:Louise McKinney
2459:
2454:
2366:
2360:
2284:Greater Sudbury
1947:Carolyn Parrish
1933:Hazel McCallion
1895:Toronto (York)
1727:Gretchen Brewin
1634:was elected to
1629:
1613:Christine Moore
1599:Internet voting
1528:Alexa McDonough
1523:
1440:Alexa McDonough
1289:Alexa McDonough
1224:
1199:
1186:Time and Chance
1073:
993:in Quebec, and
951:
945:
871:deputy premiers
772:Sonia Furstenau
759:Claudia Chender
644:Louise McKinney
640:
634:
623:Louise McKinney
603:The Famous Five
585:Joyce Fairbairn
553:
525:β Anna Di Carlo
485:Alexa McDonough
478:interim leaders
443:Flora MacDonald
379:
321:Federally, the
258:Flora MacDonald
205:Margaret Aitken
116:
106:
21:Louise McKinney
12:
11:
5:
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6055:
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6039:United States
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2407:MichaΓ«lle Jean
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1647:Delia, Alberta
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1500:Stephen Harper
1475:result in the
1448:Elizabeth Weir
1392:Danielle Smith
1380:New Democratic
1338:Andrea Horwath
1245:Patricia Mella
1228:state governor
1223:
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1191:Brian Mulroney
1150:Brian Mulroney
1110:Pauline Marois
1101:Stephen Harper
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1061:Kathleen Wynne
1046:Danielle Smith
991:Pauline Marois
947:Main article:
944:
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636:Main article:
633:
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615:Nellie McClung
567:Cairine Wilson
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505:Candice Bergen
470:Candice Bergen
439:Rosemary Brown
414:Three women β
378:
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316:Brian Mulroney
221:Grace MacInnis
159:Dorise Nielsen
136:Agnes Macphail
105:
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33:Agnes Macphail
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5173:Vancouver Sun
5169:
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5141:
5138:Cool, Julie.
5134:
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5124:9780195431704
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3607:Jean Canfield
3604:
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3573:Christy Clark
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3409:Rachel Notley
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3251:
3250:Lise Thibault
3247:
3244:
3241:
3237:
3236:Albanie Morin
3233:
3232:Monique BΓ©gin
3229:
3226:
3222:
3219:
3216:
3212:
3209:
3205:
3204:
3200:
3195:
3191:
3188:
3185:
3181:
3178:
3177:Barbara Baird
3174:
3170:
3167:
3163:
3160:
3156:
3153:
3150:
3146:
3143:
3140:
3136:
3133:
3129:
3128:
3125:New Brunswick
3124:
3119:
3115:
3112:
3108:
3105:
3101:
3098:
3094:
3091:
3087:
3084:
3080:
3077:
3074:
3070:
3067:
3063:
3060:
3059:
3055:
3050:
3046:
3043:
3040:
3036:
3032:
3029:
3026:
3022:
3019:
3015:
3012:
3009:
3005:
3002:
2998:
2995:
2991:
2988:
2987:
2983:
2978:
2974:
2971:
2968:
2964:
2961:
2958:
2955:
2951:
2948:
2947:June Rowlands
2944:
2941:
2938:
2934:
2931:
2927:
2924:
2921:
2917:
2914:
2911:
2907:
2903:
2899:
2896:
2892:
2888:
2885:
2882:
2878:
2875:
2871:
2870:
2866:
2862:
2859:
2854:
2850:
2846:
2843:
2839:
2835:
2832:
2828:
2824:
2821:
2817:
2813:
2809:
2806:
2802:
2798:
2794:
2793:Chief Justice
2790:
2786:
2783:
2779:
2775:
2771:
2768:
2764:
2760:
2756:
2752:
2748:
2744:
2740:
2736:
2732:
2729:
2725:
2721:
2717:
2713:
2712:Rita Johnston
2709:
2706:
2702:
2698:
2694:
2691:
2687:
2683:
2680:
2676:
2673:
2669:
2665:
2664:Bertha Wilson
2661:
2658:
2654:
2650:
2646:
2642:
2639:
2635:
2631:
2628:
2624:
2620:
2616:
2613:
2609:
2606:
2602:
2598:
2595:
2591:
2587:
2584:
2580:
2577:
2573:
2569:
2565:
2561:
2558:
2554:
2550:
2546:
2543:
2539:
2536:
2532:
2529:
2525:
2521:
2518:
2514:
2510:
2506:
2503:
2499:
2495:
2491:
2488:
2484:
2483:Toronto North
2480:
2476:
2472:
2469:
2465:
2461:
2460:
2456:
2451:
2449:
2447:
2443:
2439:
2435:
2432:, who became
2431:
2427:
2423:
2418:
2416:
2412:
2411:Julie Payette
2408:
2404:
2400:
2396:
2394:
2390:
2385:
2383:
2379:
2375:
2371:
2365:
2357:
2355:
2353:
2348:
2346:
2342:
2338:
2334:
2333:2010 election
2330:
2326:
2322:
2318:
2314:
2309:
2307:
2303:
2297:
2295:
2291:
2290:
2285:
2279:
2275:
2273:
2269:
2265:
2261:
2260:city managers
2257:
2253:
2248:
2246:
2242:
2238:
2237:Daurene Lewis
2229:
2226:
2223:
2222:
2219:
2216:
2215:
2212:
2209:
2208:
2205:
2202:
2195:
2192:
2189:
2186:
2185:
2182:
2179:
2176:
2174:Saskatchewan
2172:
2169:
2166:
2164:Lac-MΓ©gantic
2163:
2162:
2159:
2156:
2153:
2152:
2149:
2146:
2143:
2142:
2139:
2136:
2133:
2132:
2129:
2126:
2123:
2119:
2116:
2113:
2110:
2107:
2106:
2103:
2100:
2097:
2096:
2093:
2092:Lynn Peterson
2090:
2089:
2086:
2083:
2079:
2076:
2073:
2072:
2069:
2068:Grace Hartman
2066:
2062:
2059:
2056:
2053:
2052:
2049:
2048:Linda Jackson
2046:
2045:
2042:
2041:Lorna Jackson
2039:
2035:
2032:
2031:Janice Laking
2029:
2026:
2025:
2022:
2019:
2017:Peterborough
2016:
2015:
2012:
2009:
2006:
2005:
2002:
1999:
1996:
1995:
1992:
1991:Linda Jeffrey
1989:
1988:
1985:
1984:Susan Fennell
1982:
1978:
1975:
1972:
1971:
1968:
1965:
1961:
1958:
1955:
1952:
1951:
1948:
1945:
1944:
1941:
1938:
1937:
1934:
1931:
1927:
1924:
1921:
1920:
1917:
1914:
1910:
1907:
1904:
1903:
1900:
1897:
1893:
1890:
1889:True Davidson
1887:
1884:
1883:
1880:
1877:
1876:
1873:
1870:
1869:
1866:
1865:June Rowlands
1863:
1856:
1853:
1850:
1849:
1846:
1843:
1841:
1834:
1831:
1828:
1825:
1822:
1821:
1818:
1815:
1814:
1811:
1810:Dorothy Wyatt
1808:
1801:
1798:
1797:Donna Reardon
1795:
1794:
1791:
1788:
1784:
1781:
1778:
1775:
1774:
1771:
1768:
1765:
1761:
1758:
1755:
1752:
1749:
1748:
1745:
1742:
1739:
1738:
1735:
1732:
1731:
1728:
1725:
1718:
1715:
1712:
1709:
1708:
1705:
1702:
1699:
1698:
1695:
1692:
1689:
1685:
1681:
1678:
1675:
1674:
1669:
1666:
1664:
1660:
1656:
1652:
1648:
1644:
1639:
1637:
1633:
1626:
1624:
1622:
1618:
1614:
1609:
1607:
1604:Prior to the
1602:
1600:
1596:
1592:
1588:
1584:
1579:
1577:
1571:
1569:
1564:
1560:
1558:
1553:
1549:
1545:
1541:
1535:
1531:
1529:
1518:
1516:
1512:
1508:
1503:
1501:
1497:
1493:
1489:
1485:
1480:
1478:
1477:2013 election
1474:
1470:
1464:
1461:
1457:
1453:
1449:
1445:
1441:
1437:
1433:
1429:
1424:
1421:
1417:
1412:
1410:
1406:
1402:
1398:
1393:
1388:
1383:
1381:
1377:
1372:
1367:
1365:
1359:
1354:
1352:
1347:
1343:
1339:
1335:
1333:
1329:
1325:
1321:
1316:
1312:
1310:
1309:Nancy MacBeth
1306:
1302:
1298:
1294:
1293:1997 election
1290:
1286:
1284:
1280:
1276:
1272:
1271:flip-flopping
1268:
1264:
1260:
1256:
1251:
1248:
1246:
1242:
1236:
1233:
1229:
1221:
1219:
1217:
1213:
1208:
1205:
1196:
1194:
1192:
1188:
1187:
1181:
1179:
1178:David Emerson
1175:
1171:
1170:Conservatives
1167:
1164:
1160:
1155:
1151:
1147:
1146:
1140:
1138:
1134:
1130:
1126:
1121:
1119:
1115:
1111:
1105:
1102:
1097:
1095:
1091:
1086:
1084:
1083:Mark Marissen
1079:
1078:Christy Clark
1070:
1068:
1066:
1062:
1058:
1053:
1051:
1047:
1043:
1037:
1035:
1031:
1027:
1023:
1019:
1015:
1011:
1009:
1003:
999:
996:
995:Rachel Notley
992:
988:
982:
980:
976:
972:
968:
964:
963:Rita Johnston
960:
956:
950:
942:
940:
938:
934:
930:
926:
922:
917:
913:
911:
907:
902:
900:
897:in Yukon and
896:
895:Jeanie McLean
892:
888:
884:
880:
879:SiobhΓ‘n Coady
876:
872:
867:
858:
855:
853:
850:
849:
845:
842:
840:
837:
836:
832:
829:
827:
824:
823:
819:
816:
814:
811:
810:
806:
803:
801:
800:Rachel Notley
798:
797:
793:
791:
788:
786:
783:
782:
778:
775:
773:
770:
769:
765:
762:
760:
757:
756:
753:Saskatchewan
752:
749:
747:
744:
743:
739:
736:
734:
731:
730:
726:
723:
720:
719:
713:
711:
710:Alice McGuire
707:
703:
699:
695:
691:
689:
685:
681:
677:
675:
671:
667:
663:
658:
655:
653:
649:
645:
639:
631:
629:
626:
624:
620:
616:
612:
608:
604:
600:
599:(2006β2013).
598:
594:
590:
586:
581:
579:
575:
570:
568:
564:
563:
558:
550:
548:
546:
542:
534:
530:
527:
524:
521:
520:
519:
516:
514:
510:
506:
502:
498:
497:Elizabeth May
494:
490:
486:
481:
479:
475:
471:
467:
463:
462:Nycole Turmel
459:
456:Four women β
454:
452:
448:
444:
440:
436:
431:
429:
425:
421:
420:Anne McLellan
417:
412:
410:
406:
402:
397:
395:
391:
387:
383:
376:
374:
372:
368:
364:
360:
356:
352:
348:
344:
340:
336:
335:1962 election
332:
327:
324:
323:2021 election
319:
317:
313:
309:
304:
302:
298:
294:
290:
286:
282:
277:
275:
271:
267:
263:
259:
255:
254:1979 election
250:
248:
244:
240:
235:
233:
229:
224:
222:
218:
214:
210:
209:Sybil Bennett
206:
202:
201:1953 election
197:
195:
191:
187:
183:
178:
176:
172:
168:
164:
160:
156:
155:1940 election
151:
149:
145:
144:1935 election
141:
137:
133:
129:
128:1921 election
124:
121:
115:
111:
103:
101:
99:
93:
91:
87:
83:
78:
76:
72:
68:
64:
59:
57:
53:
49:
48:1993 election
44:
42:
38:
34:
30:
26:
22:
17:
5972:Philippines
5813:
5781:Afghanistan
5747:first mayors
5720:upper houses
5710:lower houses
5447:
5384:
5376:
5368:Toronto Star
5366:
5358:
5339:
5331:Sudbury Star
5329:
5321:
5305:
5275:the original
5269:
5262:
5252:
5231:
5223:
5213:
5192:. Retrieved
5190:. p. B3
5181:
5171:
5156:
5144:. Retrieved
5133:
5109:
5102:
5078:
5071:
5047:
5040:
5016:
5009:
4985:
4978:
4970:the original
4965:
4955:
4945:
4937:
4927:
4912:
4902:
4886:
4879:SooToday.com
4870:
4862:Toronto Star
4860:
4851:
4843:
4829:
4817:. Retrieved
4806:
4797:
4788:
4776:. Retrieved
4766:
4758:
4753:
4741:. Retrieved
4737:the original
4727:
4717:
4705:
4695:
4680:
4670:
4647:. Retrieved
4643:
4634:
4617:
4601:
4574:Toronto Star
4572:
4560:
4547:
4537:
4529:
4521:
4496:
4491:
4477:
4463:
4451:. Retrieved
4446:
4437:
4428:
4419:
4407:. Retrieved
4401:
4391:
4379:. Retrieved
4376:www.pc.gc.ca
4375:
4366:
4354:. Retrieved
4344:
4332:. Retrieved
4322:
4313:
4307:
4298:
4292:
4284:the original
4248:. Retrieved
4244:
4234:
4222:. Retrieved
4217:
4208:
4196:. Retrieved
4186:
4174:. Retrieved
4170:
4160:
4152:the original
4142:
4133:
4127:
4115:. Retrieved
4110:
4101:
4089:. Retrieved
4085:
4061:
4053:
4045:Toronto Star
4043:
4035:
4023:. Retrieved
4016:
3991:
3983:Toronto Star
3981:
3973:
3961:. Retrieved
3951:
3881:Commissioner
3847:Commissioner
3787:Commissioner
3781:Hilda Watson
3764:Martha Black
3733:Yvonne Jones
3556:Joy MacPhail
3521:Nancy Hodges
3474:Myra Freeman
3362:Bettie Hewes
3355:Bettie Hewes
3264:Louise Harel
3240:Jeanne SauvΓ©
3056:Saskatchewan
3001:Olive Irvine
2994:Edith Rogers
2965:candidate β
2902:First Nation
2860:
2797:Deborah Grey
2763:Sheila Copps
2735:Kim Campbell
2645:Jeanne SauvΓ©
2619:Hilda Watson
2542:Nancy Hodges
2424:, appointed
2419:
2399:Jeanne SauvΓ©
2397:
2393:Elizabeth II
2386:
2367:
2349:
2347:) councils.
2344:
2310:
2298:
2289:Sudbury Star
2287:
2280:
2276:
2249:
2234:
2224:Dawson City
2211:Kathy Watson
2154:Quebec City
2085:Dusty Miller
2081:Thunder Bay
2011:Helen Cooper
1967:Marion Dewar
1929:Mississauga
1872:Barbara Hall
1823:Nova Scotia
1817:Shannie Duff
1766:Fredericton
1744:Sharon Gaetz
1694:Jyoti Gondek
1667:
1640:
1630:
1611:In 2015, MP
1610:
1603:
1580:
1572:
1565:
1561:
1551:
1536:
1532:
1524:
1511:Sheila Copps
1507:Kim Campbell
1504:
1487:
1481:
1472:
1465:
1460:Carole James
1432:Joy MacPhail
1425:
1413:
1390:
1385:
1374:
1369:
1361:
1356:
1336:
1320:Sheila Copps
1317:
1313:
1287:
1252:
1249:
1237:
1225:
1209:
1204:Rona Ambrose
1200:
1184:
1182:
1143:
1141:
1129:Chris Gailus
1122:
1114:Sheila Copps
1107:
1099:
1087:
1074:
1054:
1038:
1012:
1004:
1000:
983:
952:
918:
914:
903:
901:in Nunavut.
899:Pamela Gross
885:in Ontario,
883:Sylvia Jones
875:Diane Archie
868:
864:
839:Marit Stiles
776:Green Party
766:Nova Scotia
694:Hilda Watson
692:
680:Nancy Hodges
678:
659:
656:
641:
627:
619:Irene Parlby
607:Emily Murphy
601:
582:
571:
560:
554:
537:
517:
513:Erin O'Toole
482:
466:Rona Ambrose
458:Deborah Grey
455:
432:
416:Sheila Copps
413:
401:Kim Campbell
398:
380:
328:
320:
308:Kim Campbell
305:
281:Jeanne SauvΓ©
278:
251:
236:
225:
198:
186:Gladys Strum
179:
152:
148:Martha Black
125:
117:
94:
79:
60:
45:
41:Kim Campbell
18:
15:
4649:October 11,
4610:Global News
3963:October 25,
3640:Marion Reid
3620:Doreen Sark
3495:Maria Grant
3426:Nova Scotia
3369:Pam Barrett
3271:Quebec City
3179:β both 1989
3120:- 2017-2018
3113:- 2017-2018
3041:β 1992β1998
2963:Trans woman
2949:β 1991β1994
2895:Rae Luckock
2849:Mary Moreau
2464:Maria Grant
2448:(in 1999).
2370:Charles III
2358:Viceroyalty
2317:Mississauga
2218:Bev Buckway
2200:Whitehorse
2191:Deb Higgins
2148:JosΓ©e NΓ©ron
1953:Burlington
1879:Olivia Chow
1806:St. John's
1790:Elsie Wayne
1786:Saint John
1780:Dawn Arnold
1770:Kate Rogers
1740:Chilliwack
1632:Hannah Gale
1583:Equal Voice
1452:Karen Casey
1428:Pam Barrett
1324:Ruby Dhalla
1283:weathervane
921:Yellowknife
889:in Quebec,
785:Manon MassΓ©
501:Green Party
489:Elsie Wayne
386:Green Party
213:Ann Shipley
6111:Categories
6006:Parliament
6002:Sri Lanka
5966:Parliament
5956:Parliament
5785:Parliament
3944:References
3895:Eva Aariak
3839:Premier β
3801:Pat Duncan
3750:Judy Foote
3724:Premier β
3709:Jean Payne
3700:Senator -
3691:Lynn Verge
3652:Premier β
3588:Senator -
3547:Premier β
3441:Senator -
3348:Jan Reimer
3335:Senator -
3213:Senator -
3130:Senator -
3102:Senator -
2999:Senator -
2954:Lyn McLeod
2778:leadership
2621:leads the
2557:Quebec CCF
2415:Mary Simon
2391:and Queen
2362:See also:
2187:Moose Jaw
2134:Longueuil
1734:Lisa Helps
1704:Jan Reimer
1469:Adrian Dix
1405:grassroots
1259:Lyn McLeod
1026:Eva Aariak
989:in Yukon,
987:Pat Duncan
965:, who was
852:Kate White
746:Carla Beck
377:Leadership
295:convinced
108:See also:
98:Mauritania
6053:Governors
6018:Ministers
5986:Governors
5942:Mongolia
5927:Malaysia
5866:Governors
5792:Australia
5548:28thβ32nd
5146:April 13,
4819:April 13,
4778:April 13,
4759:Maclean's
4627:CBC North
4356:April 13,
4334:April 13,
3647:Pat Mella
3386:Lois Hole
3342:Mayor of
3269:Mayor of
3033:Mayor of
2625:into the
2436:in 1979.
2235:In 1984,
2144:Saguenay
2124:Montreal
2007:Kingston
1997:Hamilton
1980:Brampton
1753:Winnipeg
1750:Manitoba
1723:Victoria
1714:Tara Veer
1710:Red Deer
1700:Edmonton
1353:in 1997:
1297:2000 vote
1265:lost the
1232:president
1168:from the
1108:In 1985,
1094:Bill Good
981:in 1993.
925:Hay River
833:Manitoba
727:Province
583:In 1993,
533:Liz White
495:in 1998;
306:In 1993,
279:In 1980,
262:Joe Clark
35:, in the
5946:Mongolia
5897:Ireland
5850:Jamaica
5839:Assembly
5807:Premiers
5695:interior
5347:Archived
5314:CBC News
5294:Archived
5194:July 16,
5164:Archived
4947:The Tyee
4920:Archived
4895:Archived
4837:Archived
4796:(2009).
4743:March 6,
4719:Herizons
4688:Archived
4672:The Tyee
4594:CBC News
4453:April 2,
4224:July 27,
4198:July 27,
4176:July 27,
4025:July 30,
4018:CBC News
3902:See also
3344:Edmonton
3035:Winnipeg
2984:Manitoba
2753:becomes
2485:for the
2468:George V
2457:National
2389:Victoria
2325:Waterloo
2306:day care
2296:income.
2270:and the
2098:Windsor
2064:Sudbury
2037:Vaughan
1861:Toronto
1858:Ontario
1836:Nunavut
1826:Halifax
1776:Moncton
1690:Calgary
1687:Alberta
1591:civility
1568:tokenism
1420:tokenist
1346:Hamilton
1216:Tie Domi
1174:Liberals
908:and the
846:Ontario
820:Alberta
807:Alberta
721:Leaders
343:Liberals
6069:Related
6028:Commons
5992:Russia
5835:France
5700:justice
5690:foreign
5685:finance
5680:defence
5455:Federal
4522:Edge YK
4245:CTVNews
4117:May 24,
3891:Premier
3858:Nunavut
3810:Premier
3309:Alberta
2912:), 1950
2867:Ontario
2836:2021 β
2825:2020 β
2818:in the
2810:2007 β
2803:in the
2787:2000 β
2780:of the
2772:1994 β
2733:1993 β
2726:in the
2720:premier
2710:1991 β
2695:1989 β
2684:1988 β
2670:of the
2662:1982 β
2643:1980 β
2632:1979 β
2617:1978 β
2610:1974 -
2599:1974 β
2588:1972 β
2581:1967 β
2562:1958 β
2547:1951 β
2540:1950 -
2533:1936 β
2522:1930 β
2507:1921 β
2492:1917 β
2473:1902 β
2462:1895 -
2446:Nunavut
2341:borough
2264:Nunavut
2177:Regina
2121:Quebec
2027:Barrie
1963:Ottawa
1912:London
1840:Iqaluit
1682:Mayors
1679:Riding
1416:cynical
1172:to the
1127:anchor
1065:lesbian
1030:Nunavut
1020:in the
955:premier
794:Quebec
740:Quebec
700:in the
688:Speaker
392:of the
384:of the
369:or the
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264:became
260:. When
167:Speaker
153:In the
126:In the
23:in the
6048:Senate
6013:Turkey
5981:Senate
5952:Nepal
5936:Senate
5923:Israel
5906:Seanad
5844:Senate
5824:Senate
5814:Canada
5802:Senate
5472:Senate
5121:
5090:
5059:
5028:
4997:
4409:May 4,
4381:May 2,
4250:May 2,
4091:May 2,
3897:β 2008
3887:β 1999
3877:β 1999
3867:β 1999
3853:β 1995
3843:β 1991
3836:β 1988
3803:β 1999
3793:β 1979
3783:β 1978
3776:β 1967
3766:β 1935
3752:β 2018
3739:β 2010
3728:β 2010
3715:β 1993
3704:- 1986
3697:β 1979
3686:β 1975
3676:β 1930
3656:β 1993
3649:β 1990
3642:β 1990
3632:- 1986
3622:β 1979
3609:β 1970
3599:β 1961
3592:- 1955
3575:β 2013
3568:β 2001
3558:β 2001
3551:β 1991
3544:β 1981
3533:- 1963
3507:β 1918
3497:- 1895
3483:β 2018
3476:β 2000
3466:β 1985
3459:β 1980
3452:β 1974
3445:- 1972
3438:β 1960
3421:β 2023
3411:β 2015
3398:β 2011
3388:β 2000
3378:β 1998
3371:- 1996
3364:β 1994
3357:- 1994
3350:β 1989
3339:- 1979
3332:β 1941
3325:β 1917
3304:- 2017
3294:- 2012
3284:β 2007
3277:β 2005
3266:β 2002
3259:β 1998
3252:β 1997
3242:β 1972
3227:β 1961
3217:- 1953
3210:β 1951
3201:Quebec
3196:β 1994
3186:- 1991
3168:- 1985
3161:- 1985
3151:β 1967
3141:β 1964
3134:- 1953
3106:- 1993
3099:β 1995
3092:β 1989
3085:β 1988
3075:β 1940
3068:β 1919
3051:β 2021
3027:β 1984
3020:β 1981
3003:- 1960
2996:β 1920
2979:- 2013
2969:β 2011
2956:β 1992
2939:β 1990
2932:β 1985
2922:β 1974
2897:β 1943
2883:β 1921
2876:β 1902
2851:, the
2820:Senate
2197:Yukon
1663:Ottawa
1576:sexist
1024:, and
859:Yukon
551:Senate
541:Harper
503:; and
464:, and
451:sexism
422:, and
184:, but
50:, the
6043:House
6033:Lords
5976:House
5931:House
5887:Iran
5861:India
5854:House
5819:House
5797:House
5468:House
5386:Xtra!
3757:Yukon
2690:Green
2268:Yukon
2245:black
1643:reeve
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957:of a
702:Yukon
219:when
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5578:44th
5573:43rd
5568:42nd
5563:41st
5558:40th
5553:39th
5543:27th
5538:26th
5533:25th
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5523:23rd
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5503:19th
5498:18th
5493:17th
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217:1968
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112:and
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2323:in
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