1549:
1765:, a more equal gender distribution in the discipline has been reported. Cultural reasons have been cited for this, as well as the perception that computing is an employable field, which results in greater parental encouragement to pursue careers in the field regardless of gender. The percentage of students who are women enrolled in undergraduate computer science programs was 51.4% in Malaysia in 1991, greater than 50% in Singapore in 1987, and 55% in Thailand in 1998. In India, women graduates from
33:
1497:, in 2009, there were 33,219 students nationwide enrolled in "Mathematics, computer and information sciences" coursework, with only 9,075 of them being women (27%). This is significantly lower than 3 years earlier (2005/2006), when 37% of women did the same. The decline in the enrollment of women in computer science and related coursework is mirrored in the US.
1518:
The percentage of women working in the industry mirrored that of the percentage of women receiving computing education. Statistics Canada reports that in 2012, there were approximately 1,299,300 people employed in the "Professional, scientific and technical services", of which 548,800 were women (42%). This category also includes those working in
1753:
Many of the statistics reported by
Canadian studies and agencies are similar to those found in North America as a whole. In the US, the percentage of computer science degrees awarded to women dropped from 37.1% to 26.7% between 1984 and 1998. In addition, a recent survey indicated that less than 12%
1517:
As of 2011, the GDP of the
Canadian Information and Communications Technologies (ICT) sector was $ 62.7 billion and grew at an annualized rate of 3.8% between 2002 and 2011. Meanwhile, the overall economy grew at an annualized rate of 1.9%, reflecting the relative importance of ICT sector in Canada.
1776:
countries). The Czech
Republic had 9.6% women enrolled in 2001, Germany had 10.5% in 2000, the Netherlands had 6.6% in 1999, Slovenia had 6.7% in 1999, and Switzerland had 11.4% in 2001. By contrast, Finland had 20% in 1997, Iceland had 24% in 2000, Norway had 23.2% in 1999, and Sweden had 30% in
1534:
Although the reasons for the lack of participation of women are multifaceted and are not fully understood, it is accepted that they partly stem from the perceived image of the field, a lack of understanding of what work in the field consists of, and a lack of encouragement. Correspondingly, many
1508:
in 2010. At
Waterloo, the percentage of the undergraduate population studying computer science that were women was only 11.5%, with a slight increase at the Master's (18.4%) and PhD (17.1%) levels. Waterloo, one of the only universities in Canada to have a higher percentage of male students than
1500:
Another summary published by
Statistics Canada shows that this trend is not recent; between 1992 and 2007, the number of annual female university graduates in computer science has remained roughly constant (with a slight increase between 2000 and 2004), whereas the number of male graduates has
1567:-based not-for-profit which creates opportunities for women to explore their geeky sides, inspire one another, and build meaningful personal and professional relationships. They organize technical workshops for women and girls as well as networking events.
1539:
through universities) have come into existence to inform and encourage potential computing students. In addition, many universities and other organizations offer gender-specific scholarships in attempts to increase enrollment numbers.
1463:
and information technology are large industries, women in Canada have historically faced underrepresentation in education and industry. As a result, some
Canadian women pursuing careers in these fields have had a lack of
1671:
Waterloo's Centre for
Education in Mathematics and Computing holds an annual workshop in computer science for young women, which students from across the country can apply for and are accepted into through a lottery
145:
1501:
increased approximately 50% (with the 2004 value almost double that of the 1992 value). Relatively speaking, there were about twice as many male graduates as females in 1992 and three times as many in 2007.
89:
1681:
Several region-based celebrations, modelled after the Grace Hopper
Celebration of Women conference, have taken place over the past several years in conjunction with the ACM-W:
1493:
As is typical in North
America, the enrollment of women in computing disciplines at the post-secondary level is significantly lower than the enrollment of males. According to
1434:
1942:
1806:
1637:
has a Women in
Computer Science (WICS or UMWICS) group that organizes professional networking events, technical workshops, outreach programs, and social activities.
1472:. There are many institutions and initiatives in Canada, however, which seek to increase representation for women in computing fields, as well as the fields of
901:
1772:
The statistics for Europe show an even smaller participation than North America for some countries, and a slightly higher participation for others (primarily
936:
302:
140:
1616:
has a Women in Computing Science (WICS) group that hosts professional networking events, technical workshops, outreach programs, and social activities.
1610:
has a "Focus on Women in Computing (FoWCS)" committee which aims to increase the participation of women in computer science "at all academic levels".
474:
1526:
services (which are typically much more gender balanced), so the actual percentage working in the computing field is likely much lower than this.
293:
1769:
in engineering grew from 1.8% in 1972 to 8% in 2005, which, although still low, is the opposite of the downward trend observed in North America.
1427:
1361:
397:
150:
1754:
were awarded to women in 2010-2011. Like Canada, the US has many scholarships and initiatives in place to attempt to address this (e.g., the
1724:
In 2014/2015, Ontario Celebration of Women in Computing and Pacific Northwest Celebration of Women in Computing joined forces and became the
554:
113:
586:
653:
1420:
1356:
1627:
103:
53:
906:
826:
648:
443:
1667:
Many universities also have programs in place to encourage interest in computer science, especially for high school students.
1950:
1660:
1607:
363:
199:
1595:
Many Canadian universities also have resources designed for women in underrepresented disciplines such as computer science.
1509:
female students, is an extreme example, but the trend is constant across many computer science departments in the country.
1106:
673:
1341:
576:
494:
469:
402:
2307:
209:
1591:-based not-for-profit which hosts workshops, "game jams" and social events to support women learning to create games.
1548:
1366:
956:
744:
74:
1577:-based not-for-profit which hosts incubators and follow along programming to help women learn skills to develop
32:
2312:
1196:
890:
219:
184:
2197:
1815:
1796:
1613:
1786:
1634:
1620:
1505:
549:
234:
224:
160:
1600:
1556:
Canada has several not-for-profit organizations dedicated to supporting women in computing disciplines.
1386:
1331:
1261:
1241:
1226:
1096:
581:
489:
353:
189:
2047:
618:
1916:
1821:
Karen Reid, University of Toronto computer science professor and recipient of several teaching awards.
1657:
Memorial Scholarship for outstanding female Canadian undergraduates and graduates in Computer Science.
1840:
1603:
hosts monthly lunches for female students and faculty in Computer Science and manages a mailing list.
1536:
1271:
1266:
1211:
1161:
1146:
1031:
921:
871:
751:
312:
273:
108:
98:
84:
1869:
1376:
1306:
1236:
1111:
1086:
1066:
1046:
926:
801:
791:
668:
499:
421:
414:
409:
324:
229:
214:
174:
135:
2267:
1903:
1845:
1802:
1584:
1455:
1391:
1286:
1246:
1116:
1011:
976:
786:
776:
643:
479:
459:
436:
288:
268:
1646:
Several scholarships exist for Canadian women in computing (some of which being international).
701:
628:
47:
1560:
1972:
1494:
1311:
1281:
1206:
1186:
1171:
1126:
1091:
1056:
991:
931:
866:
846:
841:
711:
696:
623:
613:
601:
511:
504:
484:
368:
283:
239:
169:
79:
1814:, UBC computer science professor and associate dean in the faculty of science, fellow of the
2259:
1850:
1396:
1381:
1371:
1351:
1321:
1256:
1231:
1156:
1136:
1131:
1076:
996:
961:
946:
911:
896:
876:
821:
806:
796:
781:
766:
761:
756:
706:
683:
526:
521:
307:
278:
255:
118:
1663:
offers a scholarship for upper-year computer science, with preference to female candidates.
1695:
2011 - Toronto, ON - Co-Chairs: Kelly Lyons & Renée J. Miller, University of Toronto
1473:
1346:
1336:
1326:
1301:
1291:
1221:
1201:
1181:
1121:
1061:
1041:
1026:
981:
971:
951:
886:
836:
831:
816:
771:
716:
571:
531:
204:
1535:
institutions (both ones that are independently organized and ones that are funded by the
1720:
2014 - to be held in Vancouver, BC - Chair: Anne Condon, University of British Columbia
1811:
1762:
1401:
1316:
1296:
1276:
1251:
1216:
1176:
1151:
1141:
1081:
1051:
1036:
1006:
1001:
986:
966:
916:
861:
856:
811:
733:
566:
516:
426:
375:
319:
2301:
1824:
1406:
1191:
1166:
1101:
1071:
1021:
1016:
941:
881:
851:
726:
561:
431:
392:
380:
358:
340:
155:
2271:
2222:
1459:, especially as these occupations increase in importance. As in many nations where
691:
179:
2022:
1792:
1773:
1578:
1477:
638:
608:
385:
1766:
1755:
1654:
1523:
1465:
721:
663:
658:
1460:
1701:
2013 - Kitchener/Waterloo, ON - Chair: Kate Larson, University of Waterloo
2263:
1704:
2014 - to be held in Guelph, ON - Chair: Rozita Dara, University of Guelph
1504:
A study looking at enrollment based on program and gender was done at the
1777:
2000. The United Kingdom was approximately in the middle at 19% in 1999.
1574:
1570:
123:
1588:
1564:
678:
633:
1828:
1650:
1469:
1449:
194:
1712:
2011 - Sackville, NB - Chair: Laurie Ricker, Mt. Allison University
2172:
1547:
128:
66:
2287:
2122:
2147:
2097:
1805:, professor and department of chair of computer science at the
2250:
Galpin, Vashti (2002). "Women in computing around the world".
1795:, head of UBC's computer science department and fellow of the
1698:
2012 - London, ON - Chair: Hanan Lutfiyya, Western University
1519:
1692:
2010 - Kingston, ON - Chair: Wendy Powley, Queen's University
1725:
2072:
1716:
The Pacific Northwest Celebration of Women in Computing:
1997:
1818:, cofounder and Chief Scientist at Tasktop Technologies.
1685:
91:
Gender representation on corporate boards of directors
2292:
1453:
share concerns about the current and future roles of
2173:"The Google Anita Borg Memorial Scholarship: Canada"
2148:"University of Manitoba's Women In Computer Science"
1630:
has a Women in Computer Science organization (WISC).
1623:
has a Women in Computer Science organization (WICS).
2223:"CEMC Workshop in Computer Science for Young Women"
1870:"University enrolment by field of study and gender"
1807:American University College of Arts and Sciences
1789:, the first female computer scientist in Canada.
1708:The Atlantic Celebration of Women in Computing:
314:Science, technology, engineering and mathematics
1917:"Trends in University Graduation, 1992 to 2007"
2198:"SIMBA Technologies Award in Computer Science"
1898:
1896:
1894:
1892:
1890:
1428:
8:
1552:A Ladies Learning Code workshop in Toronto.
1726:Canadian Celebration of Women in Computing
1435:
1421:
17:
2245:
2243:
2127:School of Computing at Queen's University
1973:"ICT Sector Gross Domestic Product (GDP)"
1686:Ontario Celebration of Women in Computing
1677:Celebrations of Women in Computing Events
1761:Asia exhibits some different trends. In
1861:
25:
7:
587:Gender representation in video games
1781:Notable Canadian Women in Computing
2123:"Women in the School of Computing"
1661:The University of British Columbia
14:
1530:Attempts to address inequalities
104:Diversity, equity, and inclusion
31:
1947:University of Waterloo Magazine
1943:"Where the boys are and aren't"
2202:University of British Columbia
2052:University of British Columbia
1608:University of British Columbia
1544:Institutions and organizations
1:
2048:"Focus On Women In Computing"
1642:Initiatives and scholarships
555:Portrayal in American comics
146:Heads of state or government
2098:"Women in Computer Science"
2073:"Women in Computer Science"
2023:"Women in Computer Science"
1841:Women in engineering#Canada
1626:The School of Computing at
2329:
1902:See the main article on
1749:International comparison
2077:Simon Fraser University
1816:Royal Society of Canada
1797:Royal Society of Canada
1614:Simon Fraser University
141:Conservatives in the US
114:Explorers and travelers
2227:University of Waterloo
2152:University of Manitoba
2102:University of Waterloo
1787:Beatrice Helen Worsley
1635:University of Manitoba
1621:University of Waterloo
1553:
1506:University of Waterloo
444:In Shakespeare's works
2264:10.1145/543812.543839
2027:University of Toronto
1601:University of Toronto
1551:
200:Nobel Prize laureates
2288:Ladies Learning Code
1537:Government of Canada
1357:United Arab Emirates
294:in the United States
109:Economic development
99:Diversity (politics)
85:Female entrepreneurs
2252:ACM SIGCSE Bulletin
1735:2017 - Montreal, QC
1342:Trinidad and Tobago
577:Speculative fiction
470:Theological figures
415:Feminist philosophy
215:Reproductive rights
21:Part of a series on
2308:Women in computing
1904:women in computing
1846:Women in computing
1803:Nathalie Japkowicz
1744:2022 - Toronto, ON
1741:2019 - Toronto, ON
1738:2018 - Halifax, NS
1653:Canada offers the
1628:Queen's University
1585:Dames Making Games
1554:
1456:women in computing
907:Dominican Republic
674:Mixed martial arts
644:Fastpitch softball
225:Violence and abuse
210:Positions of power
1921:Statistics Canada
1874:Statistics Canada
1732:2016 - Ottawa, ON
1495:Statistics Canada
1445:
1444:
649:Football / soccer
572:Fictional pirates
364:Art history field
240:Exchange of women
2320:
2276:
2275:
2247:
2238:
2237:
2235:
2233:
2219:
2213:
2212:
2210:
2208:
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2188:
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2169:
2163:
2162:
2160:
2158:
2144:
2138:
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2133:
2119:
2113:
2112:
2110:
2108:
2094:
2088:
2087:
2085:
2083:
2069:
2063:
2062:
2060:
2058:
2044:
2038:
2037:
2035:
2033:
2019:
2013:
2012:
2010:
2008:
1994:
1988:
1987:
1985:
1983:
1969:
1963:
1962:
1960:
1958:
1953:on 7 August 2013
1949:. Archived from
1938:
1932:
1931:
1929:
1927:
1913:
1907:
1900:
1885:
1884:
1882:
1880:
1866:
1851:Women in science
1513:In the workforce
1437:
1430:
1423:
1107:Marshall Islands
684:Paralympic Games
315:
92:
57:
35:
26:Women in society
18:
2328:
2327:
2323:
2322:
2321:
2319:
2318:
2317:
2313:Women in Canada
2298:
2297:
2284:
2279:
2249:
2248:
2241:
2231:
2229:
2221:
2220:
2216:
2206:
2204:
2196:
2195:
2191:
2181:
2179:
2171:
2170:
2166:
2156:
2154:
2146:
2145:
2141:
2131:
2129:
2121:
2120:
2116:
2106:
2104:
2096:
2095:
2091:
2081:
2079:
2071:
2070:
2066:
2056:
2054:
2046:
2045:
2041:
2031:
2029:
2021:
2020:
2016:
2006:
2004:
1996:
1995:
1991:
1981:
1979:
1977:Industry Canada
1971:
1970:
1966:
1956:
1954:
1941:Bow, Patricia.
1940:
1939:
1935:
1925:
1923:
1915:
1914:
1910:
1901:
1888:
1878:
1876:
1868:
1867:
1863:
1859:
1837:
1783:
1751:
1679:
1644:
1546:
1532:
1515:
1491:
1486:
1474:natural science
1441:
1412:
1411:
747:
737:
736:
729:
717:Track and field
604:
594:
593:
545:
544:Popular culture
537:
536:
465:
464:
449:
448:
403:Science fiction
349:
348:
330:
329:
313:
264:
263:
245:
244:
220:Venture capital
185:Law enforcement
90:
75:Animal advocacy
71:
51:
48:Women's history
43:
12:
11:
5:
2326:
2324:
2316:
2315:
2310:
2300:
2299:
2296:
2295:
2290:
2283:
2282:External links
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2139:
2114:
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2014:
1989:
1964:
1933:
1908:
1886:
1860:
1858:
1855:
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1812:Gail C. Murphy
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734:List of sports
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395:
390:
389:
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386:"Chick flicks"
378:
373:
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369:Women's cinema
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13:
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2258:(2): 94–100.
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2240:
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2218:
2215:
2203:
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2018:
2015:
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1993:
1990:
1978:
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2230:. Retrieved
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2067:
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2051:
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2026:
2017:
2005:. Retrieved
2001:
1992:
1980:. Retrieved
1976:
1967:
1955:. Retrieved
1951:the original
1946:
1936:
1924:. Retrieved
1920:
1911:
1877:. Retrieved
1873:
1864:
1774:Scandinavian
1771:
1760:
1758:Institute).
1752:
1728:(CAN-CWiC):
1723:
1715:
1707:
1683:
1680:
1666:
1645:
1594:
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1533:
1516:
1503:
1499:
1492:
1489:In education
1484:Inequalities
1480:in general.
1454:
1448:
1446:
1387:Vatican City
1332:Turkmenistan
1262:South Africa
1242:Sierra Leone
1227:Saudi Arabia
692:Roller derby
490:Christianity
475:Baháʼí Faith
354:Architecture
54:legal rights
15:
2232:11 February
2207:11 February
2182:11 February
2107:11 February
2057:11 February
2032:11 February
1982:11 February
1957:11 February
1926:11 February
1879:11 February
1827:founder of
1793:Anne Condon
1579:video games
1478:engineering
1466:role models
1272:South Sudan
1267:South Korea
1212:Puerto Rico
1197:Philippines
1162:North Korea
1147:New Zealand
1032:Ivory Coast
922:El Salvador
752:Afghanistan
609:Auto racing
582:Video games
495:Catholicism
274:Engineering
151:Legislators
2302:Categories
2157:5 February
2007:13 October
1857:References
1767:IIT Bombay
1756:Anita Borg
1688:(ONCWIC):
1655:Anita Borg
1524:accounting
1468:and faced
1377:Uzbekistan
1307:Tajikistan
1237:Seychelles
1112:Mauritania
1087:Madagascar
1067:Kyrgyzstan
1047:Kazakhstan
927:East Timor
802:Bangladesh
792:Azerbaijan
745:By country
732:See also:
722:Volleyball
664:Ice hockey
659:Gymnastics
619:Basketball
410:Philosophy
398:Literature
345:Humanities
325:Telegraphy
260:Technology
175:Journalism
136:Government
2002:Chic Geek
1561:Chic Geek
1461:computing
1407:Kurdistan
1392:Venezuela
1287:Sri Lanka
1247:Singapore
1117:Mauritius
1012:Indonesia
977:Guatemala
787:Australia
777:Argentina
500:Mormonism
437:Punk rock
393:Fine arts
289:dentistry
269:Computing
235:Workforce
119:Education
2293:Pixelles
2132:17 March
1835:See also
1575:Montreal
1571:Pixelles
1447:Many in
1312:Thailand
1282:Suriname
1207:Portugal
1187:Paraguay
1172:Pakistan
1127:Mongolia
1097:Maldives
1092:Malaysia
1057:Kiribati
992:Honduras
932:Ethiopia
902:DR Congo
867:Colombia
847:Cambodia
842:Bulgaria
707:Swimming
669:Lacrosse
614:Baseball
512:Hinduism
505:Opus Dei
485:Buddhism
460:Religion
284:Medicine
190:Military
124:Feminism
80:Business
2272:5288692
2082:1 March
1998:"About"
1672:system.
1589:Toronto
1565:Calgary
1397:Vietnam
1382:Vanuatu
1372:Uruguay
1352:Ukraine
1322:Tunisia
1257:Somalia
1232:Senegal
1157:Nigeria
1137:Myanmar
1132:Morocco
1077:Lebanon
997:Iceland
962:Germany
957:Georgia
947:Finland
912:Ecuador
897:Denmark
877:Croatia
872:Comoros
822:Bolivia
807:Belgium
797:Bahrain
782:Armenia
767:Andorra
762:Algeria
757:Albania
702:Surfing
679:Netball
639:Cycling
634:Curling
629:Cricket
527:Sikhism
522:Judaism
308:Science
279:Geology
256:Science
42:Society
2270:
2177:Google
1829:Flickr
1651:Google
1470:sexism
1450:Canada
1347:Uganda
1337:Tuvalu
1327:Turkey
1302:Taiwan
1292:Sweden
1222:Russia
1202:Poland
1182:Panama
1122:Mexico
1062:Kuwait
1042:Jordan
1027:Israel
982:Guyana
972:Greece
952:France
887:Cyprus
837:Brunei
832:Brazil
827:Bosnia
817:Bhutan
772:Angola
712:Tennis
697:Rowing
624:Boxing
602:Sports
550:Comics
532:Taoism
205:Piracy
195:Mother
170:Health
50:
2268:S2CID
1587:is a
1573:is a
1563:is a
1520:legal
1402:Yemen
1317:Tonga
1297:Syria
1277:Sudan
1252:Spain
1217:Qatar
1177:Palau
1152:Niger
1142:Nepal
1082:Libya
1052:Kenya
1037:Japan
1007:India
1002:Italy
987:Haiti
967:Ghana
917:Egypt
891:North
862:China
857:Chile
812:Benin
688:Rodeo
567:Music
517:Islam
480:Bible
427:Music
376:Dance
320:Space
129:Womyn
67:Woman
2234:2013
2209:2013
2184:2013
2159:2019
2134:2014
2109:2013
2084:2018
2059:2013
2034:2013
2009:2014
1984:2013
1959:2013
1928:2013
1881:2013
1684:The
1633:The
1619:The
1606:The
1599:The
1522:and
1476:and
1192:Peru
1167:Oman
1102:Mali
1072:Laos
1022:Iraq
1017:Iran
942:Fiji
882:Cuba
852:Chad
654:Golf
432:Jazz
381:Film
359:Arts
341:Arts
161:List
2260:doi
180:Law
2304::
2266:.
2256:34
2254:.
2242:^
2225:.
2200:.
2175:.
2150:.
2125:.
2100:.
2075:.
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2025:.
2000:.
1975:.
1945:.
1919:.
1889:^
1872:.
2274:.
2262::
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2011:.
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1961:.
1930:.
1906:.
1883:.
1799:.
1581:.
1436:e
1429:t
1422:v
893:)
889:(
56:)
52:(
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