79:
manage the demands of work and personal/family life" than men, with 75% of women reporting these challenges versus 66% of men associates. A 2010 report about
Ontario lawyers from 1971 to 2006 indicates that "racialized women accounted for 16% of all lawyers under 30, compared to 5% of lawyers 30 and older in 2006. Visible minority lawyers accounted for 11.5% of all lawyers in 2006. Aboriginal lawyers accounted for 1.0% of all lawyers in 2006.
608:
19:
550:. As a lawyer she worked to modernize regulations and remove barriers to employment based on gender or cultural differences. She headed the Quebec Commission on Access to Information and held senior positions at the Quebec Human Rights and Youth Rights Commission, the Canadian Human Rights Commission and the Canadian Advisory Council on the Status of Women.
345:(2000–2017), the first woman to hold this position, and the longest serving Chief Justice in Canadian history. She was also the first female appointed as a Judge of the British Columbia Court of Appeal (1985) and Chief Justice of the British Columbia Supreme Court (1988). In her role as Chief Justice, she also served as a
590:
in an unsuccessful attempt to deduct childcare expenses she incurred to earn income as a partner in her law firm. Symes practised law full-time as a partner in a law firm from 1982 until 1985. During that period she employed a nanny to care for her children, and deducted the wages paid to the nanny
78:
In 2010 in Canada, "there were 22,261 practicing women lawyers and 37,617 practicing men lawyers." Canadian studies show that "50% of lawyers said they felt their firms were doing "poorly" or "very poorly" in their provision of flexible work arrangements." More women lawyers found it "difficult to
120:
in 1891, Martin submitted a petition to the Law
Society to become a member. Her petition was rejected by the Society after contentious debate, with the Society ruling that only men could be admitted to the practice of law, because the Society's statute stated that only a "person" could become a
88:
107:
At the end of the nineteenth century, Canadian women were barred from participation in, let alone any influence on or control over, the legal system–women could not become lawyers, magistrates, judges, jurors, voters or legislators.
591:
as a business expense on her personal income tax return. Revenue Canada initially allowed these deductions, but later disallowed them. Symes objected to the re-assessment, but CRA denied the objection. Symes appealed to the
65:
deans. In Canada, while 37.1% of lawyers are women, "50% ...said they felt their firms were doing "poorly" or "very poorly" in their provision of flexible work arrangements". It was also reported that, in 2006 in
Ontario,
125:
sponsored a bill that provided that the word "person" in the Law
Society's statute should be interpreted to include females as well as males. Martin's cause was also supported by prominent women of the day including
499:
34:
650:
magazine named her one of the "Top 25 Most
Influential" saying she was "one of the most sought-after criminal lawyers in the country" and "a key go-to lawyer for high-profile accused in Toronto."
131:
445:
1742:
338:
172:(1934) and the first in the Commonwealth appointed to a county-court bench and the first female lawyer in Canada to appear as counsel before the Supreme Court in Canada in 1935.
1306:
809:
person to be named to that post. Before entering
Canadian federal politics, she was a provincial Crown prosecutor, B.C. Treaty Commissioner and Regional Chief of the B.C.
318:
woman appointed as a superior court judge in Canada in 1994. In 2017, Palbinder
Shergill became the first (female) turbaned judge in Canada (upon her appointment to the
193:, the first woman appointed a Cabinet minister in Quebec, the first woman appointed acting premier, and the first woman judge to serve in the Quebec Provincial Court.
306:
was the first female appointed as a Chief
Justice in Canada in 1982. She was also the first female appointed as a Justice of the Nova Scotia Supreme Court. In 1987,
328:
became the first female appointed as a
Justice of the Supreme Court in Canada in 1982. She was also the first female to sit on the Ontario Court of Appeal in 1975.
814:
1834:
726:, since 2015. Notley's career before politics focused on labour law, with a specialty in workers' compensation advocacy and workplace health and safety issues.
390:
in 2004. She became Canada's first Jewish female judge in 1976, as well as the first woman to serve on the bench while pregnant in the country's history.
759:
449:
1701:
361:
346:
1685:
906:
843:
433:
701:
1335:
1214:
1496:
781:
733:
657:
471:
333:
1604:
1577:
1550:
1523:
1469:
1314:
1282:
1198:
1102:
1074:
1041:
1014:
987:
960:
933:
492:
319:
27:
579:
229:
activist who was the first
Aboriginal woman ever to earn a law degree in Canada, the first non-Parliamentarian to be appointed an
1906:
1126:
682:
642:. Henein has developed a reputation in Toronto as one of the most "respected and feared criminal lawyers in the country." The
1625:
539:
507:
190:
173:
1404:
1886:
785:
763:
738:
222:
802:
615:
315:
694:
665:
441:
379:
113:
100:
1363:
755:
619:
561:
511:
350:
236:
112:(1874–1923) became the first female lawyer in the British Empire in 1897 after a lengthy debate in which the
1851:
810:
479:
276:
215:
1649:
543:
495:
428:
288:
181:
30:
453:
1434:
751:
670:
596:
587:
565:
529:
461:
437:
387:
365:
342:
260:
252:
226:
165:
1258:
595:, which ruled that the expenses were valid and legitimate business expenses. The case was appealed to the
592:
1911:
1782:
698:
686:
583:
525:
712:
for her service as a politician and law professor, and for her contributions as a community volunteer.
299:
295:
794:
777:
690:
611:
410:
121:
lawyer. At that time, women were not considered to be "persons" in Canada, from a legal perspective.
798:
553:
284:
164:
who was the first federally appointed woman judge in Canada (1943). She was the first woman in the
138:, legislation was passed on April 13, 1892, which permitted the admission of women as solicitors.
1150:"William Collins During World War II: Nationalism Meets a Wartime Economy in Canadian Publishing"
806:
719:
374:
329:
210:
In 1946, Gretta Wong Grant became the first female lawyer of Chinese descent in Canada. In 1954,
109:
92:
302:
became the first female appointed as the Associate Chief Justice of a Superior Court of Canada.
283:
in 1977, and was admitted to the Bar of Ontario in 1979 and to the Bar of Saskatchewan in 1983.
153:
1768:
1681:
1600:
1573:
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1169:
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1037:
1031:
1010:
1004:
983:
977:
956:
950:
929:
902:
839:
767:
669:(born 1950) is a Canadian lawyer, academic and politician. She was a cabinet minister in the
547:
535:
483:
357:
353:
310:
became the first Black female judge in Canada when appointed to the Nova Scotia Family Court.
240:
211:
169:
70:
women accounted for 16% of all lawyers under 30" and that only 1% of lawyers were Aboriginal.
1594:
1222:
1188:
952:
The Splendid Vision: Centennial History of the National Council of Women of Canada, 1893-1993
923:
865:
Catalyst. Catalyst Quick Take: Women in Law in Canada and the U.S. New York: Catalyst, 2015.
1513:
1435:"Law alumna Palbinder Shergill appointed as first turbaned judge in Canada - College of Law"
1161:
866:
790:
747:
705:
674:
517:
503:
219:
117:
67:
1702:"'I think it matters': Kim Campbell on being first and only female PM in Canada | CTV News"
1118:
1797:
709:
661:
575:
475:
424:
303:
197:
177:
1819:
729:
452:. She made history with the indictment of a sitting head of state, Yugoslavian president
398:
393:
Some Canadian lawyers have become notable for their achievements in politics, including
1091:
1059:
771:
457:
383:
307:
244:
194:
141:
96:
898:
Deux grandes dames: Bertha Wilson et Claire L'Heureux-Dubé à la Cour suprême du Canada
1900:
1868:
715:
653:
420:
406:
402:
325:
149:
1245:
646:
called her the "most high profile criminal defence lawyer in the country." In 2011,
607:
627:
467:
394:
369:
280:
272:
256:
201:
145:
135:
122:
23:
836:
Women of Power - Half a century of female presidents and prime ministers worldwide
556:(born 1959) is a Canadian businesswoman, entrepreneur, lawyer and politician from
87:
1726:
1675:
1388:
896:
879:
678:
264:
127:
116:
tried to prevent her from joining the legal profession. After graduating with a
1149:
1165:
571:
311:
298:
became the first female appointed as a Judge of the Superior Court in Canada.
231:
62:
54:
1677:
Good Night Stories for Rebel Girls: 100 Immigrant Women Who Changed the World
1173:
1412:
158:
50:
1006:
In Search of the Ethical Lawyer: Stories from the Canadian Legal Profession
1835:"Who is Marie Henein? A look at Mark Norman's high-profile defence lawyer"
148:
were the first female judges respectively in Canada (Alberta; 1914–1916).
18:
635:
599:(SCC), which ruled in Symes v. Canada that her childcare expenses were
1869:"The Honourable Anne McLellan to become Dalhousie's seventh chancellor"
723:
639:
557:
521:
268:
1458:
Oliver, Peter; Macklem, Patrick; Rosiers, Nathalie Des (2017-08-10).
1259:"Vivene Salmon is the Canadian Bar Association first Black President"
743:
631:
488:
204:
186:
161:
46:
189:
lawyer, judge and politician who was the first woman elected to the
502:, and to date, only female prime minister of Canada, She earned an
207:
who was one of the first women to practice criminal law in Canada.
606:
86:
58:
17:
275:
as well as the first woman ever to run for the leadership of the
1650:"Supreme Court of Canada - Biography - Rosalie Silberman Abella"
360:
operation on 8 July 2005, Chief Justice McLachlin served as the
248:
103:, which argued–unsuccessfully–that only men could become lawyer
718:(born 1964) is a Canadian politician and the 17th and current
42:
881:
La femme-avocat: exposé historique et critique de la question
586:(CRA, formerly known as Revenue Canada) all the way to the
498:, from June 25, 1993 to November 4, 1993. Campbell was the
1341:. Ottawa: Queen's Printer for Canada. 2012. Archived from
446:
International Criminal Tribunals for the former Yugoslavia
867:
http://www.catalyst.org/knowledge/women-law-canada-and-us
214:
became the first Black female lawyer in Canada. In 1977,
33:
from June 25, 1993 to November 4, 1993. She was Canada's
1626:"Canada's Chief Justice lays down the law | The Journal"
704:
where she served at various times as associate dean and
364:
and performed the duties of the Governor General as the
218:
became the first indigenous female lawyer in Canada.
1743:"Jennifer Stoddart: making your privacy her business"
1364:"Nova Scotia's first female Supreme Court judge dies"
708:. In 2009, McLellan was appointed an Officer of the
693:
effective May 25. She was a professor of law at the
528:in 1992. She was named as the Chief Justice of the
1090:
1058:
510:in 1983. Campbell also served as the first female
1569:The Oxford Encyclopedia of Women in World History
1539:Salokar, Rebecca Mae; Volcansek, Mary L. (1996).
1215:"Famous Canadian Women's Famous Firsts – Lawyers"
487:(born 1947) is a Canadian politician, diplomat,
287:became the first Black (female) President of the
1461:The Oxford Handbook of the Canadian Constitution
1336:"Constance R. Glube, O.C., O.N.S., LL.B., LL.D."
386:became the first Jewish female appointed to the
1154:Papers of the Bibliographical Society of Canada
1542:Women in Law: A Bio-bibliographical Sourcebook
861:
859:
857:
855:
853:
851:
634:. She is a partner of Henein Hutchison LLP, a
520:(born 1947) was appointed as Chief Justice of
416:Notable Canadian legal professionals include:
45:and related occupations throughout Canada, as
1515:Justice Bertha Wilson: One Woman's Difference
1061:Gender in Practice: A Study of Lawyers' Lives
815:University of British Columbia Faculty of Law
8:
1593:Schultz, Ulrike; Shaw, Gisela (2013-09-13).
582:alumna is a Canadian lawyer who fought the
1339:Governor General of Canada: It's an honour
1241:
1239:
1003:Dodek, Adam; Woolley, Alice (2016-01-01).
925:Inspiring Women: A Celebration of Herstory
685:. On February 26, 2015, she was appointed
37:, and to date only, female prime minister.
901:(in French). University of Ottawa Press.
368:. In her role as Administrator, she gave
200:(born 1950) is a Canadian litigation and
99:in 1897 after a lengthy dispute with the
1405:"Report of the Internal Justice Council"
922:Youngberg, Gail; Holmlund, Mona (2003).
793:Canadian politician and the Independent
362:Deputy of the Governor General of Canada
347:Deputy of the Governor General of Canada
834:Skard, Torild (2014) "Kim Campbell" in
827:
1307:"Gabrielle Vallée | Barreau de Québec"
1283:"Brad Regehr is the new CBA President"
1190:Will the Real Alberta Please Stand Up?
979:Will the Real Alberta Please Stand Up?
456:, as well as the first prosecution of
1796:Ediriweera, Himani (1 October 2011).
1620:
1618:
1616:
1097:. Harcourt Brace Canada. 1996-01-01.
949:Griffiths, Naomi E. S. (1993-10-15).
444:and a former Chief Prosecutor of the
434:UN High Commissioner for Human Rights
95:became the first woman lawyer in the
74:Representation and working conditions
61:, legal scholars, law professors and
7:
1248:at the Encyclopedia of Saskatchewan.
542:. In 1980 she received a licence in
1731:. National Library of Canada. 1997.
1065:. Oxford University Press. p.
1030:Backhouse, Constance (2017-11-06).
895:Backhouse, Constance (2021-08-25).
884:(in French). V. Giard et E. Brière.
813:. She earned a law degree from the
134:. With the support of the Premier,
1411:. October 16, 2008. Archived from
53:, attorneys or legal counselors),
14:
1833:Michelle McQuigge (May 9, 2019).
1783:"Alumna named to Order of Canada"
750:expert, and politician. She is a
568:'s candidate in a Toronto riding.
320:Supreme Court of British Columbia
239:and the first woman appointed as
1769:"The Governor General of Canada"
1057:Hagan, John; Kay, Fiona (1995).
603:deductible as business expenses.
1127:The Law Society of Upper Canada
805:on November 4, 2015; the first
683:Deputy Prime Minister of Canada
1545:. Greenwood Publishing Group.
1148:Campbell, Grant (2001-01-01).
540:Privacy Commissioner of Canada
508:University of British Columbia
191:Legislative Assembly of Quebec
174:Marie-Claire Kirkland-Casgrain
1:
1852:"The Top 25 Most Influential"
1674:Favilli, Elena (2020-10-13).
1033:Claire L'Heureux-Dubé: A Life
976:Takach, Geo (December 2010).
803:Minister of Justice of Canada
764:Minister of Canadian Heritage
491:and writer who served as the
1572:. Oxford University Press.
1464:. Oxford University Press.
1313:(in French). Archived from
695:University of New Brunswick
442:Court of Appeal for Ontario
380:same-sex marriage in Canada
114:Law Society of Upper Canada
101:Law Society of Upper Canada
1928:
1512:Brooks, Kim (2010-07-01).
1488:Canadian Politics: Concise
1187:Takach, Geo (2010-12-01).
1119:"Speech by Marlys Edwardh"
756:House of Commons of Canada
742:(born 1979) is a Canadian
620:Attorney General of Canada
562:House of Commons of Canada
538:(born 1949) was the sixth
512:Attorney General of Canada
436:, a former justice of the
279:. Opekokew graduated from
237:House of Commons committee
1887:"Saltwire | Halifax"
1800:. Women of Influence, Inc
1566:Smith, Bonnie G. (2008).
1485:Dyck, Rand (2011-03-08).
1193:. University of Alberta.
1166:10.33137/pbsc.v39i1.18199
1093:Canadian Women: A History
982:. University of Alberta.
838:, Bristol: Policy Press,
811:Assembly of First Nations
560:. She was elected to the
378:, effectively legalizing
277:Assembly of First Nations
225:is a Canadian lawyer and
1390:House of Commons Debates
955:. McGill-Queen's Press.
496:Prime Minister of Canada
337:(born 1943) is the 17th
289:Canadian Bar Association
216:Marion Ironquil Meadmore
31:Prime Minister of Canada
1219:famouscanadianwomen.com
762:and also serves as the
597:Supreme Court of Canada
588:Supreme Court of Canada
566:Liberal Party of Canada
530:Nunavut Court of Appeal
462:crimes against humanity
438:Supreme Court of Canada
388:Supreme Court of Canada
366:Administrator of Canada
356:was hospitalized for a
343:Supreme Court of Canada
263:lawyer admitted to the
253:Canoe Lake First Nation
1907:Canadian women lawyers
1680:. Simon and Schuster.
1596:Women in the Judiciary
1368:The Hamilton Spectator
801:. She was sworn in as
623:
460:under the articles of
104:
38:
1798:"Profile: Beth Symes"
1728:National Library News
878:Frank, Louis (1898).
760:Ahuntsic-Cartierville
699:University of Alberta
610:
584:Canada Revenue Agency
526:Northwest Territories
524:and Chief Justice of
90:
21:
1630:www.queensjournal.ca
1491:. Cengage Learning.
795:Member of Parliament
778:Jody Wilson-Raybould
691:Dalhousie University
612:Jody Wilson-Raybould
432:(born 1947) was the
411:Jody Wilson-Raybould
296:RĂ©jane Laberge-Colas
259:, who was the first
166:British Commonwealth
1749:. December 10, 2010
1370:. February 16, 2016
799:Vancouver Granville
616:Minister of Justice
554:Martha Hall Findlay
83:Notable individuals
1747:The Globe and Mail
1409:Assemblee generale
1311:barreaudequebec.ca
797:for the riding of
789:(born 1971) is a
624:
580:Queen's University
532:on March 24, 1999.
454:Slobodan Milošević
375:Civil Marriage Act
330:Beverley McLachlin
157:(1894–1970) was a
110:Clara Brett Martin
105:
93:Clara Brett Martin
41:Women work in the
39:
1858:, August 1, 2011.
1820:"Symes v. Canada"
1687:978-1-7333292-9-3
908:978-2-7603-3568-4
844:978-1-44731-578-0
548:McGill University
536:Jennifer Stoddart
358:cardiac pacemaker
354:Adrienne Clarkson
241:Ontario Ombudsman
212:Violet King Henry
185:(born 1924) is a
1919:
1891:
1890:
1883:
1877:
1876:
1865:
1859:
1849:
1843:
1842:
1830:
1824:
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1293:
1279:
1273:
1272:
1270:
1269:
1255:
1249:
1243:
1234:
1233:
1231:
1230:
1221:. Archived from
1211:
1205:
1204:
1184:
1178:
1177:
1145:
1139:
1138:
1136:
1135:
1123:
1115:
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1087:
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1080:
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1054:
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1027:
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993:
973:
967:
966:
946:
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939:
928:. Coteau Books.
919:
913:
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892:
886:
885:
875:
869:
863:
846:
832:
788:
748:public relations
741:
736:
668:
578:
558:Toronto, Ontario
518:Catherine Fraser
486:
431:
351:Governor General
336:
300:Gabrielle Vallée
220:Roberta Jamieson
184:
168:to be created a
156:
118:Bachelor of Arts
43:legal profession
22:Canadian lawyer
1927:
1926:
1922:
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1920:
1918:
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1916:
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1856:Canadian Lawyer
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1776:
1771:. 11 June 2018.
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1418:
1416:
1415:on May 25, 2019
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889:
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864:
849:
833:
829:
824:
780:
737:
732:
710:Order of Canada
673:governments of
656:
648:Canadian Lawyer
574:
470:
423:
332:
304:Constance Glube
251:woman from the
176:
152:
85:
76:
12:
11:
5:
1925:
1923:
1915:
1914:
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1899:
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1873:Dalhousie News
1860:
1844:
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1811:
1788:
1774:
1760:
1734:
1718:
1706:www.ctvnews.ca
1693:
1686:
1666:
1654:www.scc-csc.ca
1641:
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1578:
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1531:
1524:
1504:
1498:978-0176503437
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1327:
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384:Rosalie Abella
314:was the first
308:Corrine Sparks
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1660:2024-07-12
1635:2015-10-13
1444:2024-07-12
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1349:2012-05-10
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1229:2017-09-28
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572:Beth Symes
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312:Rose Boyko
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