65:
35:
In 1933, the Women's
Suffrage Alliance lobbied the Research Committee on the Amendment of the Lawyers Law to allow women to become lawyers. When the new law went into effect in 1936, 19 women took the bar exam. In 1938, three women passed the bar to become lawyers: Ai Kume, Masako Nakata, and Yoshiko
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Masako Nakata became the first female president of a local bar association in Japan in 1969. Today in Japan, there is a network of women lawyers called "Women in Law Japan". This network includes international and domestic women in the legal profession in Japan. Catherine O’Connell is the president
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In 1974, Oshiro
Mitsuyo and Noda Aiko became the first females to serve as Judges of the High Court in Japan. Aiko later became the first female to serve as the Commissioner of a High Court in Japan (1987). Mitsuko Terasawa was the first female judge to serve as the President of a District Court in
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became the first women qualified to become lawyers in Japan. Al Kume worked at a private practice in Tokyo and also served as a representative of the
Japanese government. Akio Kume was the first woman to be recommended by the bar association as a candidate on the Supreme Court in 1976. Due to her
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became the first
African American (female) attorney to practice law in Japan. Sato Noriko was the first female to become a Chief Public Prosecutor in Japan in 2001. In 2016, Junko Hayashi became the first Japanese Muslim (female) lawyer in Japan. Naomi Unemoto has the distinction of becoming the
27:
Women were not allowed to practice law under the
Lawyers Law of 1893. That rule stated that a lawyer must be a Japanese man, aged 20 or older, and have legal capacity under the Civil Code. The Japanese Imperial Constitution did not guarantee women's suffrage or equality between men and women. A
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The only institution where women could obtain a legal education was the Women's
College of Meiji University. In welcoming the first entering class, Hideo Yokota, Chief Justice of the Supreme Court, called upon female lawyers and economists to work to improve women's status in Japan.
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Yoshie
Tateshi became the first Japanese woman to graduate with a doctorate in law. After hearing Hideo Yokota's speech about making women's society better in Japan, she was determined to do so. Chieko Monjo became Japan's first female prosecutor in 1949. Also, in 1949,
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became the first female judges in Japan. Mibuchi would go on to become the first female to serve as a
District Court Judge (1952) and a Chief Judge of the Family Court in Japan (1972; she was the first female judge of the Niigata Family Court).
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of Women in Law Japan. She is the first foreign woman to set up her own law practice in Tokyo. Riki Beppu is a founding member and chair of Women in Law Japan. She has 20 years experience in advising in corporate law.
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married woman's legal capacity was subject to her husband's consent. At the time, people seemed to have taken it for granted that women should be excluded from the legal profession. Despite these restrictions,
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was the first woman justice on the
Supreme Court of Japan from 1994-1997. Prior to her appointment, she was a high ranking Minister of Labor. In 1995,
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work in the legal profession as lawyers. Women lawyers work in private practice, in-house, in government, and in the citizenship sector.
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Mibuchi. In 1940, all three women became qualified lawyers after completing their internship.
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first female to serve as a
Superintending Prosecutor in Japan in 2022.
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was the first woman to study and practice law in Japan as of 1874.
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592:"Unemoto to Become 1st Woman to Be Japan's 2nd-Highest Prosecutor"
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483:"Forces pact should underscore Japanese lack of rights: lawyer"
374:"Takahashi Hisako | Japanese economist and government official"
453:"Okinawa's Pioneer Foreign Lawyer Champions Children's Rights"
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Ai Kume: One of the first three female lawyers in Japan (1940)
201:"Masako Nakata, Japan's 1st female lawyer, dies at 91"
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sudden death the appointment did not become reality.
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155:U.S.-Japan Women's Journal. English Supplement
119:List of first women lawyers and judges in Asia
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400:The International Who's Who of Women 2002
151:"Women in the Legal Profession in Japan"
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547:"林 純子 Junko Hayashi | 弁護士法人パートナーズ法律事務所"
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273:. Greenwood Publishing Group. p.
451:Maddalino, Jena (December 10, 1999).
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481:Matsubara, Hiroshi (July 15, 2004).
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693:"Wanted: Women lawyers in Japan"
573:(in Japanese). December 20, 2017
189:. Office of The Law times. 1892.
507:"男女共同参画会議（第4回）議事録 | 内閣府男女共同参画局"
252:Japan Women Lawyers Association
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269:Chronology of Women's History
397:Sleeman, Elizabeth (2001).
319:(in Japanese). 時事通信社. 1975.
303:(in Japanese). 朝日新聞社. 1975.
749:
666:Okubo, Mami (2018-11-19).
99:Women lawyers associations
535:(in Japanese). 平凡社. 2001.
430:. Cavendish Publishing.
352:. Cavendish Publishing.
378:Encyclopædia Britannica
265:Olsen, Kirstin (1994).
92:Annette Eddie-Callagain
617:"日本弁護士連合会：日弁連新聞 第512号"
226:Women lawyers' journal
149:Hayashi, Yoko (1992).
69:
668:"Catherine O'Connell"
567:"進取の精神グローバル人材育成プログラム"
427:Japanese Legal System
349:Japanese Legal System
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17:Women in law in Japan
642:"Women in Law Japan"
403:. Psychology Press.
646:womeninlawjapan.org
424:Dean (2002-02-14).
346:Dean (2002-02-14).
44:Notable individuals
691:Leo (2018-07-17).
79:Mitsuko Ishiwatari
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359:978-1-84314-322-2
30:Teruko (Tel) Sono
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86:Japan in 1983.
75:Yoshiko Mibuchi
54:Yoshiko Mibuchi
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463:on 2020-09-26
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733:Law of Japan
723:Women in law
700:. Retrieved
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648:. 2020-03-21
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598:. 2022-12-23
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465:. Retrieved
461:the original
457:Japan Update
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381:. Retrieved
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245:"新たな出発をめざして"
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208:. Retrieved
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157:(2): 16–27.
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114:Women in law
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717:Categories
702:2022-11-03
677:2022-11-14
652:2022-11-03
627:2022-11-03
602:2023-01-09
596:nippon.com
577:2019-07-26
552:2019-07-26
516:2019-07-25
492:2020-12-06
467:2020-12-05
383:2018-03-10
210:2017-12-14
125:References
23:Background
332:創立50周年記念誌
163:1059-9770
48:In 1940,
697:Law.asia
621:日本弁護士連合会
171:42772032
108:See also
229:. 1950.
58:Ai Kume
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56:, and
571:P-SEG
248:(PDF)
167:JSTOR
532:月刊百科
432:ISBN
405:ISBN
354:ISBN
316:時事年鑑
300:朝日年監
279:ISBN
159:ISSN
77:and
275:327
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