343:'s force of around 10,000 men pursued the King's army into Worcestershire as it retreated from Oxford. Waller was supported by the residents of Evesham, who repaired their bridge which had been broken to slow his passage into Worcestershire; the town was heavily fined and the Mayor George Kempe arrested after Waller withdrew. Waller's army during June lived off whatever they could requisition, first in the Vale of Evesham, then Bromsgrove and Kidderminster. After failing to take Bewdley, they occupied Droitwich before returning to Evesham. Parts of Waller's force was ill-disciplined, and the line between requisitioning and simple theft became unclear. After Waller had left, the Royalist army in the vale of Evesham was forced to bring in supplies from outside, for instance
332:
401:'s attempt to regain the Crown and entered the county. The 16,000 Scottish force caused Worcester's council to vote to surrender as it approached, fearing further violence and destruction. The Parliamentary garrison decided to withdraw to Evesham in the face of the overwhelming numbers against them. The Scots were billeted in and around the Worcester, again at great expense and causing new anxiety for the residents. The Scots were joined by very limited local forces, including a company of 60 men under
822:(3.) Another branch, also going to the north, after crossing Barbourne Bridge, went to the left through Ombersley and Hartlebury; here it again branches off the road to the right, going through the parishes of Chaddesley Corbett and Belbroughton, past Hagley and Pedmore to Stourbridge into Staffordshire. This is the road by which Charles II went after the Battle of Worcester. The road to the right at Hartlebury passed through Kidderminster, and so on to Bridgnorth.
29:
818:(1.) The Oxford and London Road. This entered the County near Honeybourne, passed through Bretforton, over the Avon at Offenham at Twyford Bridge, where Offenham Boat is now, then through Norton, Wyre, Pinvin, White Ladies' Aston, Spetchley, Red Hill, to Worcester. This is and was the direct road from Worcester to Oxford, and by it all convoys of supplies and all detachments of recruits would have to pass.
293:. Taxation was heavy and requisitioning by armies could be particularly debilitating. At times, reprisals could be very harsh. In 1643, for instance, Royalist troops used physical violence and deliberately destroyed pea and bean crops at Amscote and Treadington when residents tried to resist their demands. The Royalist horse regiments stripped much of northern Worcestershire of produce to the extent that
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824:(4.) The road crossing the Severn at Worcester, and going by Kenswick, Martley, crossing the Teme at Ham Bridge, through Clifton-on-Teme to Tenbury, and then into Shropshire. On this road is the Tenbury Bridge over the Teme. When this was damaged in 1615, the town of Tenbury asked the Sessions to help to repair it, as it was "the great thoroughfare from most places in Wales to the City of London."
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826:(5.) The road from Worcester crossing the Severn, proceeding by Cotheridge, Broadwas, across the Teme at Knightsford Bridge, and so on to Bromyard, thence to Hereford and Wales. Along this road the troops sent with Lord Stamford to occupy Hereford in 1642 returned, and Charles I marched along it to relieve Hereford in 1645.
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it was thought desirable to halt for reinforcements from Wales, and to meet these men
Charles marched to Worcester. Cromwell, meanwhile proceeded down the east coast, marched across to Evesham, thus getting between Charles and London, advanced on to Worcester, attacked and routed him at the Battle of
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formed in west
Worcestershire in the later part of the first war, with the objective of keeping both armies and their demands away from the rural civilian population, to resist despoliation and requisitioning. There was also a vein of resentment towards the prominent role given many Catholics in the
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requested help from
Worcestershire, but did not receive it, as the Commissioner did not wish to force his troops to serve outside the county against their expectations. Even at this very early stage, the tension between the localised Royalist military structures and the need for a national fighting
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for the King, however, and organised a support of a Grand Jury in early August that ordered the arrest of leading
Parliamentarians and summoned the Trained Bands to Pitchcroft on 12 August. The quality of the troops was however rather low, with makeshift armaments and supplies. When the forces were
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in the 1630s, which in both cases had led to rioting as well as the displacement of the rural poor that had depended on the use of these Royal lands as effectively common land, with long-established although informal usage rights. Other local grievances against the Crown included action to suppress
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were
Royalist garrisons in the county. Worcester in particular had to bear the expense of sustaining and billeting a large number of Royalist troops. During the Royalist occupation, the suburbs were destroyed to make defence easier. Responsibility for maintenance of defences was transferred to the
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that reintroduced many of the trappings of
Catholicism back into the Church of England, would have been viewed with suspicion by many. In the early 1640s, stories of massacres of Protestants in Ireland helped lead to rumours of Catholic plots that spread through the county leading to anti-Catholic
423:
In the aftermath of the battle, Worcester was heavily looted by the
Parliamentarian army, with an estimated £80,000 of damage done, and the subsequent debts still not recovered into the 1670s. The Scottish troops that were not captured meanwhile were attacked by locals as they fled. Around 10,000
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The
Scottish army that entered Worcestershire in 1645 gained a particularly bad reputation, reflected in claims made to the Exchequer after the war. They seem to have taken whatever sheep they could and plundered items as diverse as clothing, household items, wagons, brooches and food. There were
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The numbers of
Worcester gentry that were active Royalist military and civilian leaders was quite small. Atkin calculates that around 25 individuals made up the core of the Royalist organisers in the country. 44 were arrested at the end of the war. Both are much lower numbers than the size of the
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Charles I was simultaneously pursuing religious policies that provoked suspicion in
Worcestershire. Although the county had a Catholic minority among its aristocratic families, the rest of the population was firmly Anglican, with a growing group of more radical Protestants in some of its northern
820:(2.) At Worcester this road divided, one branch to the right is the road to the north, spoken of, near Birmingham, as the " Bristol Road." It crossed Barbourne Bridge and went to Droitwich, Bromsgrove, over the Lickey to Northfield, and passed out of the County into Warwickshire at Bourn Brook.
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Nevertheless, the city of Worcester equivocated about whether to support the Parliamentary cause immediately before the outbreak of civil war in 1642, raising its own independent and neutral armed forces in June. Royalists started organising military forces at the Town Hall in mid July, but the
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Nevertheless, the county was strategically vital to the Royalists, as a bridge from their mostly Western territories including Wales and Ireland back to their headquarters in Oxford. Worcestershire also provided the Royalists with industrial capacity to produce armaments and munitions.
215:, which were ordinarily under the control of the crown. A split between the county's aristocratic families, who helped organise Royalist control of the Trained Bands, and the city of Worcester, which attempted to gain control its own forces from the county from 1641, can also be seen.
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then sided with Parliament, after the Worcestershire MPs Humphrey Salway and John Wylde returned to galvanise the city against Royalist control. A Grand Jury then declared the King's Commission of Array illegal, and gathered signatures in support of Parliament's Militia Ordinance.
381:. Worcester finally surrendered on 23 July, bringing the First Civil War to a close in Worcestershire. At the surrender of the city, the Royalist leaders were forced to swear that they would not fight against Parliament again, a promise that a number of them broke in 1651.
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The same pressures created great strain on the county as a whole, as it had to sustain a large, unproductive force drawn out of its productive labour. An illustration of these taxes, levied by both sides over a period of time, can be seen in
108:
Charles II lead a predominantly Scottish Royalist army to the City of Worcester hoping that English Cavaliers would rally to his banner. While a few did, Charles's army was surrounded by a much larger Parliamentary army under the command of
157:
noted the mounting opposition to Royal policies within the county. The unpopularity of these Royalist policies stemmed from the perception that Charles I was attempting to establish a more authoritarian, non-Parliamentary kind of monarchy.
828:(6.) The road from Worcester going south along the east bank of the river (the Bath) road, passing through Kempsey, Severn Stoke, to Tewkesbury and Gloucester. It was along this road Waller advanced to attack Worcester in 1643.
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briefly retook the city after the Powick Bridge skirmish on its outskirts. Parliamentary troops then ransacked the cathedral building. Stained glass was smashed and the organ destroyed, along with library books and monuments.
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summoned again at the outbreak of war on 22 August, just 500 men were present, a much lower figure than might be expected, suggesting a lack of enthusiasm for either side and desire to avoid the conflict if possible.
416:) and south of the city. Charles II's army was easily defeated by Cromwell's forces of 30,000 men. Charles II returned to his headquarters in what is now known as King Charles House in the Cornmarket, before
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Like many parts of England, there was little enthusiasm for either side, and the initial instincts of many was to try to avoid conflict. Different parts of the county had different sympathies, for instance
1982:
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Again Parliamentary forces tried the same plan as the previous year. Essex and Waller were to join and march on Oxford. They did so, and very nearly caught Charles I, but he escaped, marched by
671:. Shortly after this Charles left Oxford and gave himself up to the Scots. He issued orders to his captains and officers to deliver up the places they held. Dudley Castle surrendered, as did
638:. Charles marched north, and working round reached Oxford. Having got some troops together, he marched to the relief of Hereford. He stayed several days in Worcester, marched from there to
1952:
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the county was under the control of the Royalists although many of their fortified garrisons were besieged by Parliamentarian forces at one time or another. For example, Worcester was
1506:
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90:(pay a fine to buy back their property) calculated in part by the expected income from their estate and also by their involvement in the Royalist cause during the civil war.
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into the army. Towards the end of the war, the number of people within Worcester who were on poor relief had risen dramatically, while trade and commerce had declined.
718:, was made in Worcestershire, but it was suppressed, Dudley taken prisoner, sent to London, and condemned to die. The morning before his execution he escaped.
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prisoners, mostly Scots, were held captive, and either sent to work on the Fens drainage projects, or transported to the New World to work as forced labour.
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King Charles I was executed. Charles II went to Scotland and was proclaimed King of Scotland. The Parliament troops were engaged in putting down the Irish.
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The Royalist Hartlebury garrison also gained a bad reputation for sequestrating local supplies and thereby depleting the neighbouring area through the war.
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to Worcester, and on to Bewdley. Waller followed him, but the two armies did not come to close quarters; the only fighting was Wilmot's attempt to relieve
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The proximity of Worcestershire to Parliamentary forces to the north around Birmingham, to the east in Warwickshire, and at certain times to the south in
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had its headquarters at Bristol, should unite and take Oxford. Essex took Reading. Waller, operating from Gloucester, cleared the county, and by taking
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proclamation stated that they would not obey any Papist or Papist Recusant, "nor ought … be trusted in any office of state, justice, or judicature".
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149:'. Policies like these particularly reduced the profitability of trade and created opposition in urban centres including Worcester. Similarly, the
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Richard Baxter, the leading Puritan in Kidderminster, noted the rising opposition to King Charles' policies of taxation and rule without Parliament
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543:. The Parliamentarians had two armies. Their plan was that the two armies, one of which was engaged before Reading under Essex, the other under
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and on to Hereford, but on his approach the Scotch raised the siege, marched to Gloucester, crossed the Severn, then marching through
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was used to store arms during the war, possibly as early as September 1642. Royalists were using the building to store munitions when
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During the whole of the year Royalist plots went on to bring about the King's release, or for a rising. The chief of these was the
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taxation levied in 1636 fell heavily on Worcester, which was the sixteenth highest paying city in England. Puritans including
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1451:. Pevsner Architectural Guides: The Buildings of England (illustrated, revised ed.). Yale University Press. p. 53.
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The immediate cause of the war was a struggle between Parliament and the Crown to control of the country's armed forces, the
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Worcestershire had also seen a number of divisive enclosure schemes during Charles' reign, including attempts to enclose
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The six roads numbered on the map are the important thoroughfares that linked Worcester with the rest of the country:
529:. The result of the advance by the Royalists towards London was that the Parliament troops evacuated Worcestershire.
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After a good deal of negotiations and manoeuvres Charles II, at the end of July, invaded England, marching through
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There were other important roads, but they were more of local importance, or else served as alternative routes.
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in late 1641, and instructions to local militias to guard against conspiracies in the following months.
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Charles I's policies of rule without Parliament forced him to raise taxes on imports of goods known as '
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675:. Worcester was besieged and held out to July when it had to surrender. Included in the Articles were
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683:. With their surrender the First Civil War, so far as Worcestershire was concerned, came to an end.
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Worcester and the county was more or less under Royalist control at the start of the conflict. The
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The King established his headquarters at Oxford, and was most anxious to win the highlands of the
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gentry class, suggesting that most people tried to keep out of the conflict as best they could.
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on 23 July 1646. After the surrender many Royalist families in Worcestershire had their estates
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The Royalist plot, ended in the second Civil War, the chief feature in which was the siege of
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was notably Parliamentarian, and Kidderminster also had a strong Parliamentarian contingent.
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Portrait of Sir William Waller, 1643, whose raids thoroughly depleted the Vale of Evesham
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585:. Charles retired towards Oxford, followed by Waller, who was defeated by Wilmot at the
47:, fought on 23 September 1642, was a cavalry skirmish and a victory for the Royalists (
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412:(3 September 1651), took place in the fields a little to the west (near the village of
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589:. Charles then returned into Worcestershire, and stayed at Evesham for some days.
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Map of Worcestershire in 1642. Showing the main roads, garrisons and battlefields.
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https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=yale.39002006115324&view=1up&seq=4
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and comprehensively defeated in what Cromwell described as a "Crowning Mercy".
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King, Peter (July 1968), "The Episcopate during the Civil Wars, 1642–1649",
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Valley, Charles besieged Gloucester, but Essex was able to raise the siege.
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Around the same time a Parliamentary force was moving from London to secure
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The Civil War in Worcestershire 1642-1646 and the Scotch invasion of 1651
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In 1651 a Scottish army marched south along the west coast in support of
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military command. High taxation was imposed, and many male residents
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626:. The Scottish army came to the help of the English, and marched to
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This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
517:, and slowly marched on towards London, before turning after the
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also claims of widespread destruction of crops as they advanced.
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Royalist gentry from across the county continued to organise the
186:. Charles' apparent Catholic sympathies, such as the reforms of
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escaping north out of the county, and eventually on to France
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was the county where the first battle and last battle of the
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During the winter a Royalist army was collected in Wales,
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Diary of Henry Townshend (1625 – 1682) of Elmsley Lovett
497:. Charles, having completed his preparations, marched by
420:, aided by a number of Worcestershire's Catholic gentry.
489:. shortly before Essex arrived at Worcester, the first
622:; then back by Kidderminster, Bewdley to Hereford and
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on their way to attack Worcester, but turned off to
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1412:. Simpkin, Marshall, Hamilton, Kent and Company.
1007:https://hdl.handle.net/2027/yale.39002006115324
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714:. An attempt at a rising, organised by Colonel
1039:, pp. 100–106; on strategic position see
174:production, which was well established in the
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1447:. In Brooks, Alan; Pevsner, Nikolaus (eds.).
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513:. Turning round, he defeated Essex at the
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18:History of Worcestershire § Civil War
1953:Evolution of county boundaries since 1844
1428:(illustrated ed.). Alan Sutton Pub.
1310:(328), Oxford University Press: 523–537,
373:As Royalist power collapsed in May 1646,
133:Western Rising and disafforestation riots
97:of January 1648 the events of the Second
1844:List of civil parishes in Worcestershire
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43:took place. The first battle, the
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509:, thus getting between Essex and
101:(1648) passed Worcestershire by.
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375:Worcester was placed under siege
243:. the Royalist trained bands of
165:and the more successful sale of
1963:Population of major settlements
1426:The Civil War in Worcestershire
1333:The Forest and Chase of Malvern
634:, Bewdley, and so to Hereford,
2039:17th century in Worcestershire
1586:Anglo-Scottish war (1650–1652)
581:, which was being besieged by
1:
2029:English Civil War by location
1665:Franco-Spanish War, 1635–1659
1303:The English Historical Review
1948:Parliamentary constituencies
1653:Anglo-Spanish War, 1625–1630
1361:In contempt of all authority
229:Worcestershire Trained Bands
1343:A History of Worcestershire
1277:. Barnsley: Pen and Sword.
551:cut off communication with
432:This is a timeline for the
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1998:Grade II* listed buildings
1912:Worcester & Birmingham
1516:Wars of the Three Kingdoms
1345:, Chichester: Phillimore,
758:on London. When he got to
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555:. To make all safe in the
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1643:European Wars of Religion
1404:Willis-Bund, John William
1275:Worcestershire under arms
587:Battle of Cropredy Bridge
51:). The final battle, the
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1570:Second English Civil War
1538:Irish Catholic Rebellion
1359:Sharp, Buchanan (1980),
693:Second English Civil War
1554:First English Civil War
1466:Atkin, Malcolm (2008).
1445:"Civil War archaeology"
1443:Atkin, Malcolm (2007).
1424:Atkin, Malcolm (1995).
1273:Atkin, Malcolm (2004).
1043:, pp. 108–106 and
734:Third English Civil War
450:First English Civil War
444:First English Civil War
106:Third English Civil War
45:Battle of Powick Bridge
1546:Irish Confederate Wars
778:Battle of Kings Norton
491:major cavalry skirmish
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366:county. The Clubmen's
339:In June 1644, General
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248:effort could be seen.
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1530:Scottish Bishops' War
1341:Lloyd, David (1993),
773:Governor of Worcester
650:on their way towards
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1330:Lees, Edwin (1877),
798:Sir Thomas Lyttelton
788:Escape of Charles II
521:retreating first to
147:tonnage and poundage
80:finally surrendering
1814:Stourport-on-Severn
1767:(cities in italics)
636:which they besieged
519:Battle of Brentford
410:Battle of Worcester
393:Battle of Worcester
199:Outbreak of the war
59:) victory and King
53:battle of Worcester
1562:Scottish Civil War
1183:, pp. 144–147
1147:, pp. 142–147
1135:, pp. 142–143
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1470:. Pen and Sword.
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1284:978-1-84415-072-4
1099:, pp. 117–20
648:Stratford-on-Avon
493:took place in at
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1760:
1719:
1714:
1708:
1706:
1676:
1671:
1631:
1590:
1518:
1513:
1478:
1465:
1459:
1442:
1436:
1423:
1420:
1418:Further reading
1402:
1393:
1389:
1371:
1358:
1353:
1340:
1329:
1299:
1285:
1272:
1269:
1264:
1263:
1255:
1251:
1243:
1228:
1220:
1216:
1208:
1199:
1195:, pp. 8–10
1191:
1187:
1179:
1175:
1167:
1163:
1155:
1151:
1143:
1139:
1131:
1127:
1119:
1115:
1107:
1103:
1095:
1091:
1083:
1079:
1071:
1067:
1055:
1051:
1035:
1031:
1023:
1016:
1012:Yale University
1004:
1000:
992:
988:
981:
977:
969:
965:
957:
953:
945:
941:
933:
929:
921:
914:
906:
899:
891:
887:
879:
872:
861:
857:
849:
845:
840:
835:
834:
829:
827:
825:
823:
821:
819:
817:
815:
811:
806:
769:
742:Oliver Cromwell
736:
730:
728:Third Civil War
695:
689:
620:he was defeated
452:
446:
430:
387:
322:Gloucestershire
254:
201:
182:towns, such as
176:Vale of Evesham
135:
129:
127:Long Parliament
121:Main articles:
119:
111:Oliver Cromwell
93:Other than the
88:had to compound
72:First Civil War
65:wanted fugitive
24:
12:
11:
5:
2052:
2050:
2042:
2041:
2036:
2031:
2021:
2020:
2014:
2013:
2011:
2010:
2005:
2000:
1995:
1990:
1988:Country Houses
1985:
1980:
1970:
1965:
1960:
1955:
1950:
1945:
1940:
1935:
1930:
1924:
1922:
1918:
1917:
1915:
1914:
1909:
1904:
1898:
1896:
1892:
1891:
1889:
1888:
1883:
1878:
1873:
1868:
1863:
1857:
1855:
1851:
1850:
1848:
1847:
1833:
1826:
1821:
1816:
1811:
1806:
1801:
1796:
1791:
1786:
1781:
1776:
1770:
1768:
1762:
1761:
1759:
1758:
1753:
1748:
1743:
1738:
1733:
1727:
1725:
1721:
1720:
1716:Worcestershire
1707:
1705:
1704:
1697:
1690:
1682:
1673:
1672:
1670:
1669:
1657:
1645:
1639:
1637:
1633:
1632:
1630:
1629:
1627:Worcestershire
1624:
1619:
1614:
1609:
1604:
1598:
1596:
1592:
1591:
1589:
1588:
1583:
1575:
1567:
1559:
1551:
1543:
1535:
1526:
1524:
1520:
1519:
1514:
1512:
1511:
1504:
1497:
1489:
1483:
1482:
1476:
1468:Worcester 1651
1463:
1457:
1449:Worcestershire
1440:
1434:
1419:
1416:
1415:
1414:
1388:
1385:
1384:
1383:
1369:
1356:
1352:978-0850336580
1351:
1338:
1327:
1297:
1283:
1268:
1265:
1262:
1261:
1249:
1226:
1214:
1197:
1185:
1173:
1161:
1149:
1137:
1125:
1113:
1101:
1089:
1077:
1065:
1049:
1029:
1014:
998:
986:
975:
963:
951:
939:
927:
912:
897:
885:
870:
855:
842:
841:
839:
836:
833:
832:
808:
807:
805:
802:
801:
800:
795:
790:
785:
780:
775:
768:
765:
729:
726:
688:
685:
646:, Evesham, to
545:William Waller
445:
442:
438:Worcestershire
429:
426:
386:
383:
379:New Model Army
341:William Waller
253:
250:
200:
197:
155:Richard Baxter
118:
117:Prelude to war
115:
76:besieged twice
37:Worcestershire
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2051:
2040:
2037:
2035:
2032:
2030:
2027:
2026:
2024:
2009:
2008:High Sheriffs
2006:
2004:
2001:
1999:
1996:
1994:
1991:
1989:
1986:
1984:
1981:
1978:
1974:
1971:
1969:
1966:
1964:
1961:
1959:
1956:
1954:
1951:
1949:
1946:
1944:
1941:
1939:
1938:Malvern Hills
1936:
1934:
1931:
1929:
1926:
1925:
1923:
1919:
1913:
1910:
1908:
1905:
1903:
1900:
1899:
1897:
1893:
1887:
1884:
1882:
1879:
1877:
1874:
1872:
1869:
1867:
1864:
1862:
1859:
1858:
1856:
1852:
1846:
1845:
1841:
1837:
1834:
1832:
1831:
1827:
1825:
1822:
1820:
1819:Tenbury Wells
1817:
1815:
1812:
1810:
1807:
1805:
1802:
1800:
1797:
1795:
1794:Kidderminster
1792:
1790:
1787:
1785:
1784:Droitwich Spa
1782:
1780:
1777:
1775:
1772:
1771:
1769:
1763:
1757:
1754:
1752:
1749:
1747:
1744:
1742:
1739:
1737:
1736:Malvern Hills
1734:
1732:
1729:
1728:
1726:
1722:
1717:
1711:
1703:
1698:
1696:
1691:
1689:
1684:
1683:
1680:
1666:
1661:
1658:
1654:
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1644:
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1640:
1638:
1634:
1628:
1625:
1623:
1620:
1618:
1615:
1613:
1610:
1608:
1605:
1603:
1600:
1599:
1597:
1593:
1587:
1584:
1579:
1576:
1571:
1568:
1563:
1560:
1555:
1552:
1547:
1544:
1539:
1536:
1531:
1528:
1527:
1525:
1521:
1517:
1510:
1505:
1503:
1498:
1496:
1491:
1490:
1487:
1479:
1473:
1469:
1464:
1460:
1458:9780300112986
1454:
1450:
1446:
1441:
1437:
1435:9780750910507
1431:
1427:
1422:
1421:
1417:
1411:
1410:
1405:
1400:
1399:public domain
1391:
1390:
1386:
1380:
1376:
1372:
1366:
1362:
1357:
1354:
1348:
1344:
1339:
1335:
1334:
1328:
1325:
1321:
1317:
1313:
1309:
1305:
1304:
1298:
1294:
1290:
1286:
1280:
1276:
1271:
1270:
1266:
1258:
1253:
1250:
1246:
1241:
1239:
1237:
1235:
1233:
1231:
1227:
1223:
1218:
1215:
1211:
1206:
1204:
1202:
1198:
1194:
1189:
1186:
1182:
1177:
1174:
1171:, p. 144
1170:
1165:
1162:
1159:, p. 146
1158:
1153:
1150:
1146:
1141:
1138:
1134:
1129:
1126:
1122:
1117:
1114:
1110:
1105:
1102:
1098:
1093:
1090:
1086:
1081:
1078:
1074:
1069:
1066:
1062:
1058:
1053:
1050:
1046:
1042:
1038:
1033:
1030:
1027:, p. 100
1026:
1021:
1019:
1015:
1011:
1008:
1002:
999:
996:, p. 101
995:
990:
987:
984:
979:
976:
972:
967:
964:
960:
955:
952:
948:
943:
940:
936:
931:
928:
924:
919:
917:
913:
909:
904:
902:
898:
894:
889:
886:
882:
877:
875:
871:
868:
864:
859:
856:
852:
847:
844:
837:
813:
810:
803:
799:
796:
794:
791:
789:
786:
784:
781:
779:
776:
774:
771:
770:
766:
764:
761:
757:
753:
749:
747:
743:
740:
735:
727:
725:
723:
719:
717:
713:
709:
705:
703:
702:Broadway Plot
699:
694:
686:
684:
682:
678:
674:
670:
669:and destroyed
667:
663:
662:Herefordshire
659:
655:
653:
649:
645:
641:
637:
633:
629:
625:
621:
617:
613:
609:
605:
601:
597:
596:Edward Massey
594:
590:
588:
584:
580:
579:Dudley Castle
576:
572:
568:
564:
560:
558:
554:
550:
546:
542:
538:
534:
530:
528:
524:
520:
516:
512:
508:
504:
500:
499:Wolverhampton
496:
495:Powick Bridge
492:
488:
484:
480:
476:
472:
471:Earl of Essex
468:
464:
460:
456:
451:
443:
441:
439:
435:
427:
425:
421:
419:
415:
411:
406:
404:
400:
391:
384:
382:
380:
376:
371:
369:
368:Woodbury Hill
364:
359:
356:
352:
350:
346:
342:
333:
329:
325:
323:
319:
314:
312:
311:Abbots Morton
308:
304:
303:King's Norton
300:
296:
292:
291:Elmley Lovett
286:
284:
279:
275:
270:
267:
263:
258:
251:
249:
246:
242:
238:
233:
230:
225:
222:
216:
214:
213:Trained Bands
209:
207:
198:
196:
194:
189:
185:
184:Kidderminster
179:
177:
173:
168:
164:
163:Malvern Chase
159:
156:
152:
148:
139:
134:
128:
124:
123:Personal Rule
116:
114:
112:
107:
102:
100:
96:
95:Broadway Plot
91:
89:
85:
81:
77:
73:
68:
66:
62:
58:
54:
50:
46:
42:
38:
30:
26:
23:
19:
1976:
1842:
1839:
1828:
1626:
1467:
1448:
1425:
1408:
1381:, 0520036816
1360:
1342:
1332:
1307:
1301:
1274:
1259:, p. 8.
1252:
1247:, p. 2.
1217:
1212:, p. 1.
1188:
1176:
1164:
1152:
1140:
1128:
1123:, p. 77
1116:
1104:
1092:
1080:
1075:, p. 60
1068:
1063:, p. 73
1052:
1032:
1001:
989:
978:
966:
961:, p. 50
954:
942:
930:
910:, p. 36
888:
883:, p. 30
858:
846:
812:
751:
750:
738:
737:
721:
720:
707:
706:
697:
696:
657:
656:
592:
591:
583:Lord Denbigh
562:
561:
532:
531:
525:and then to
454:
453:
431:
422:
407:
396:
372:
360:
357:
353:
338:
326:
315:
287:
271:
259:
255:
245:Warwickshire
234:
226:
221:city council
217:
210:
202:
188:William Laud
180:
160:
144:
103:
92:
69:
35:
25:
1756:Wyre Forest
1581:(1649–1653)
1573:(1648–1649)
1565:(1644–1645)
1557:(1642–1646)
1549:(1642–1649)
1533:(1639–1640)
1387:Attribution
763:Worcester.
677:Madresfield
624:South Wales
475:Northampton
461:moved from
403:John Talbot
272:Worcester,
170:profitable
84:sequestered
70:During the
2023:Categories
1779:Bromsgrove
1731:Bromsgrove
1617:Shropshire
1193:Atkin 2004
1181:Atkin 2004
1169:Atkin 2004
1157:Atkin 2004
1145:Atkin 2004
1133:Atkin 2004
1121:Lloyd 1993
1109:Atkin 2004
1097:Atkin 2004
1085:Atkin 2004
1073:Atkin 2004
1061:Lloyd 1993
1057:Atkin 2004
1045:Atkin 2004
1041:Atkin 2004
1037:Atkin 2004
1025:Atkin 2004
994:Atkin 2004
983:Atkin 2004
971:Atkin 2004
959:Atkin 2004
947:Atkin 2004
935:Atkin 2004
923:Atkin 2004
908:Atkin 2004
893:Atkin 2004
881:Atkin 2004
867:Sharp 1980
851:Atkin 2004
838:References
793:Tinker Fox
732:See also:
716:Dud Dudley
712:Colchester
691:See also:
673:Hartlebury
644:Cheltenham
612:Bromsgrove
600:Gloucester
505:, towards
503:Birmingham
467:Shrewsbury
463:Nottingham
448:See also:
399:Charles II
349:Shropshire
345:Bridgnorth
307:Alvechurch
299:Bromsgrove
278:Hartlebury
151:Ship Money
131:See also:
61:Charles II
16:See also:
1977:Civil War
1933:Cotswolds
1902:Droitwich
1840:See also:
1830:Worcester
1746:Worcester
1523:Conflicts
1293:11908594M
863:Lees 1877
681:Strensham
632:Droitwich
608:Droitwich
604:Inkberrow
537:Cotswolds
487:Worcester
459:Charles I
361:Bands of
295:Droitwich
283:impressed
262:cathedral
191:riots in
57:Roundhead
49:Cavaliers
1871:Salwarpe
1809:Redditch
1804:Pershore
1751:Wychavon
1741:Redditch
1607:Cornwall
1406:(1905).
1379:4742314M
767:See also
760:Stafford
756:Carlisle
640:Bromyard
628:Alcester
618:, where
575:Pershore
567:Broadway
549:Hereford
483:Pershore
428:Timeline
237:Coventry
1973:History
1968:Schools
1943:Museums
1836:Wythall
1799:Malvern
1789:Evesham
1774:Bewdley
1636:Related
1602:Bristol
1595:By area
1267:Sources
783:Clubmen
571:Evesham
523:Reading
507:Banbury
363:Clubmen
318:Bristol
241:Warwick
206:Evesham
193:Bewdley
172:tobacco
104:During
78:before
1958:Places
1921:Topics
1895:Canals
1876:Severn
1854:Rivers
1622:Tarvin
1612:Dorset
1541:(1641)
1474:
1455:
1432:
1401::
1377:
1367:
1349:
1324:564164
1322:
1291:
1281:
652:Newark
616:Naseby
557:Severn
541:Severn
527:Oxford
511:London
469:. The
414:Powick
274:Dudley
20:, and
1983:SSSIs
1881:Stour
1861:Arrow
1320:JSTOR
804:Notes
752:1651.
739:1650.
722:1649.
708:1648.
698:1647.
658:1646.
593:1645.
563:1644.
553:Wales
533:1643.
457:King
455:1642.
266:Essex
1928:Flag
1886:Teme
1866:Avon
1472:ISBN
1453:ISBN
1430:ISBN
1365:ISBN
1347:ISBN
1279:ISBN
679:and
408:The
347:and
320:and
309:and
276:and
239:and
125:and
86:and
1713:of
1312:doi
569:to
485:to
477:to
465:to
436:in
2025::
1375:OL
1373:,
1318:,
1308:83
1306:,
1289:OL
1287:.
1229:^
1200:^
1017:^
915:^
900:^
873:^
748:.
704:.
654:.
610:,
606:,
573:,
501:,
481:,
440:.
405:.
305:,
301:,
297:,
178:.
67:.
63:a
1979:)
1975:(
1701:e
1694:t
1687:v
1668:)
1662:(
1656:)
1650:(
1508:e
1501:t
1494:v
1480:.
1461:.
1438:.
1314::
1295:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
