51:
477:
1956:
1739:
1134:
783:
735:
2051:
1606:
747:
1751:
1340:
1618:
1328:
1182:
1008:
62:
1942:
1495:
1020:
1146:
840:
2132:
2015:
1833:
1691:
1522:
1388:
1244:
1098:
702:
1582:
828:
2003:
1900:
1872:
1858:
1775:
1763:
1727:
1679:
1534:
1448:
1376:
1316:
1304:
1292:
1256:
1232:
1170:
1086:
912:
852:
714:
2087:
1787:
1594:
1460:
996:
924:
1928:
1914:
1715:
1703:
1570:
1436:
1412:
1194:
1158:
888:
795:
759:
900:
1472:
948:
876:
1630:
864:
2027:
1847:
1558:
1484:
1424:
1280:
1110:
1032:
984:
771:
2099:
2075:
2063:
2039:
1991:
1886:
1546:
1400:
1268:
1122:
972:
960:
936:
807:
3960:
2118:
258:
1079:, information exchange, cultural experience, and political engagement. Since 2015, it has been published with a separate index, the Global Cities Outlook, which is a projection of a city's potential based on rate of change in 13 indicators across four dimensions: personal well-being, economics, innovation, and governance. The top ranked cities in 2023 are:
484:
516:
580:
564:
596:
548:
612:
532:
500:
676:(GaWC). They rank world cities by their connectivity through four "advanced producer services": accountancy, advertising, banking/finance, and law. The GaWC inventory identifies three levels of global cities and several sub-ranks, although the authors caution that "concern for city rankings operates against
308:
Competing groups have devised competing means to classify and rank world cities and to distinguish them from other cities. Although there is a consensus on the leading world cities, the chosen criteria affect which other cities are included. Selection criteria may be based on a yardstick value (e.g.,
1074:
noted that "the world's biggest, most interconnected cities help set global agendas, weather transnational dangers, and serve as the hubs of global integration. They are the engines of growth for their countries and the gateways to the resources of their regions." The ranking is based on 27 metrics
688:
more heavily than political and cultural factors. The 2008 version of the list, similar to the 1998 version, is sorted into categories of Alpha world cities (with four sub-categories), Beta world cities (three sub-categories), Gamma world cities (three sub-categories), and cities with High
1515:, environment, and accessibility, with 70 individual indicators among them. The top ten world cities are also ranked by subjective categories, including manager, researcher, artist, visitor and resident. The top 10 cities in 2023 are:
1510:
The Tokyo-based
Institute for Urban Strategies at The Mori Memorial Foundation, issued a study of global cities in 2008. They are ranked in six categories: economy, research and development, cultural interaction,
3083:
153:
worldwide. The global city represents the most complex and significant hub within the international system, characterized by links binding it to other cities that have direct, tangible effects on global
216:. Before then, other terms were used for urban centers with roughly the same features. The term 'world city', meaning a city heavily involved in global trade, appeared in a May 1886 description of
2984:
2951:
2923:
3142:
2459:
3549:
1984:
and online news. A fifth of digital mentions were for Tokyo, New York City, London, and Paris, identifying these as the world's super brands. Top cities in the 2019 edition are:
1355:
The Global
Economic Power Index reflecting three dimensions of economic power was introduced in 2012. In 2015, the second Global Economic Power Index, a meta list compiled by
627:
3079:
3065:
50:
673:
467:
79:
75:
3201:
2429:
2590:
1660:
has become one of the pre-eminent indicators of a global city's ranking. As of 2024, the cities representing the top ten financial centers according to the
3771:
2781:
650:
2898:
476:
3764:
181:, and a globally influential output of ideas, innovations, or cultural products. Quintessential examples, based on most indices and research, include
3419:
3231:
2980:
3776:
2955:
2933:
3781:
3256:
2221:
2616:
3135:
2277:
1213:
released its Global Cities Index in 2024, ranking the world's largest 1,000 cities based on 27 indicators across five categories (economics,
2451:
3264:
3171:
3644:
3105:
2485:
2810:
2652:
277:
3017:
2335:
1059:
4014:
3305:
413:
631:
Top global cities per the GaWC 2020 rankings. Shown are "Alpha ++" cities (marked in gold) and "Alpha +" cities (marked in red).
268:, an Alpha++ global city, where there are several characteristic elements of global cities like worldwide influential economic (
4009:
3895:
3278:
2658:
643:
381:
130:
2482:"What are the characteristics of world cities and megacities, and how has their distribution changed since 1950? – HBK Portal"
3494:
1661:
1651:
2850:
2299:
665:
174:
2711:
2361:
3040:
2150:
289:
2733:
2565:
2545:
2339:
4019:
3994:
3989:
1665:
1366:
222:
37:
2512:
2391:
Doel, M., & Hubbard, P., (2002), "Taking World Cities
Literally: Marketing the City in a Global Space of flows",
3639:
3193:
2421:
2327:
2195:
636:
360:
281:
237:' entered common use in the late 19th or early 20th century, the earliest known example being a publication by the
2582:
3860:
3634:
3544:
1819:
166:
2785:
4004:
3984:
2843:"Read @ATKearney: Una Cuestión de Talento: Cómo el Capital Humano Determinará los Próximos Líderes Mundiales"
325:
is a world city.) Although criteria are variable and fluid, typical characteristics of world cities include:
3885:
3554:
2520:
269:
689:
sufficiency and
Sufficiency presence. The cities in the top three classifications in the 2022 edition are:
4024:
3870:
3759:
3731:
3616:
3223:
3910:
3701:
3691:
3676:
3534:
3476:
2175:
297:
178:
1210:
3999:
3900:
3875:
3298:
2050:
1605:
1260:
746:
285:
161:
The criteria of a global city vary depending on the source. Common features include a high degree of
138:
2872:
2683:
3940:
3559:
2612:
238:
2269:
3839:
3272:
1826:, knowledge and influence, and quality of life. The most important cities to UHNWIs in 2022 are:
374:
170:
3261:
2405:
2131:
3167:
3925:
3834:
3706:
3659:
3654:
3444:
3399:
3228:
ING Media - Property PR | Architecture PR | Strategic communications for the BUILT ENVIRONMENT
2648:
2331:
2250:
1977:
1811:
1067:
61:
3113:
2481:
1822:(HNWIs, having over $ 25 million of investable assets each). Criteria are economic activity,
3945:
3890:
3844:
3814:
3751:
3721:
3501:
3109:
2240:
2230:
2160:
1807:
1657:
330:
273:
242:
87:
3824:
3736:
3526:
3511:
3429:
3322:
3291:
3268:
3009:
2715:
2569:
2549:
2516:
2343:
1823:
1369:), with city composite rank based on five other lists. The top global cities in 2015 are:
1356:
1218:
928:
669:
409:
399:
246:
313:
is a world city) or on an imminent determination (if the producer-service sector of city
2820:
3920:
3880:
3626:
3606:
3434:
3367:
2815:
2245:
2216:
2014:
1832:
1690:
1521:
1387:
1243:
1097:
1050:
701:
427:
350:
230:
162:
155:
2755:
430:
offering some of the best legal, medical, and entertainment facilities in the country,
3978:
3964:
3935:
3905:
3829:
3819:
3809:
3804:
3649:
3601:
3377:
2170:
2123:
2007:
2002:
1899:
1871:
1862:
1857:
1774:
1762:
1731:
1726:
1683:
1678:
1538:
1533:
1447:
1380:
1375:
1320:
1315:
1303:
1291:
1255:
1236:
1231:
1214:
1169:
1090:
1085:
1076:
1063:
911:
851:
718:
713:
490:
443:
395:
265:
209:
182:
134:
122:
67:
2639:
3915:
3799:
3696:
3681:
3574:
3516:
3489:
3466:
3424:
2928:
2190:
2165:
2155:
2137:
1981:
1818:, which includes a "Global Cities Survey", evaluating the most important cities to
1804:
1361:
1055:
904:
356:
334:
301:
293:
33:
988:
3741:
3726:
3611:
3579:
3564:
3484:
3461:
3414:
3394:
3387:
3382:
3362:
3335:
2215:
Lenormand, Maxime; Gonçalves, Bruno; Tugores, Antònia; Ramasco, José J. (2015).
2180:
2145:
2086:
1980:
communications firm ING Media ranked 250 cities by total online mentions across
1876:
1786:
1767:
1750:
1593:
1581:
1459:
1452:
1339:
1308:
1174:
995:
952:
916:
827:
483:
342:
206:
2291:
684:. The 2004 rankings added several new indicators while continuing to rank city-
3930:
3865:
3716:
3666:
3506:
3439:
3404:
3330:
2842:
2708:
2357:
2185:
2113:
1512:
1222:
923:
388:
227:
3686:
3594:
3456:
3451:
3372:
3357:
2729:
2562:
2542:
2322:
2079:
1932:
1927:
1918:
1913:
1719:
1714:
1707:
1702:
1622:
1617:
1586:
1574:
1569:
1488:
1440:
1435:
1416:
1411:
1332:
1327:
1198:
1193:
1186:
1181:
1162:
1157:
1007:
887:
868:
832:
799:
794:
763:
758:
685:
586:
579:
570:
563:
346:
261:
217:
126:
17:
2254:
2235:
1225:) with more weight on economic factors. The top ranked cities in 2024 are:
419:
High-quality educational institutions, including renowned universities and
405:
The dominance of the national region with great international significance,
2509:
257:
3791:
3711:
3584:
3409:
3340:
2873:"The distributed geography of opportunity: the 2023 Global Cities Report"
1743:
1150:
899:
880:
844:
787:
602:
595:
420:
234:
2952:"Sorry, London: New York Is the World's Most Economically Powerful City"
2407:
Hemisfile: Perspectives on
Political and Economic Trends in the Americas
2166:
Metropolitan and urban regions with the largest foreign-born populations
241:
in 1904. In the 21st century, the terms are usually focused on a city's
1960:
1946:
1904:
1779:
1629:
1499:
1471:
1296:
1145:
1138:
1024:
892:
863:
856:
839:
739:
554:
547:
338:
150:
142:
2899:"New York, London Top Oxford Economics Ranking of 1,000 Global Cities"
3671:
3569:
3347:
2043:
2026:
2019:
1941:
1846:
1837:
1755:
1695:
1634:
1557:
1526:
1494:
1483:
1476:
1423:
1392:
1344:
1279:
1248:
1109:
1102:
1036:
1031:
1019:
1012:
983:
976:
947:
940:
875:
770:
706:
522:
515:
447:
186:
177:, local or national economic dominance, high quality educational and
71:
32:"World city" redirects here. For hypothetical planetwide cities, see
3352:
2103:
2098:
2091:
2074:
2062:
2055:
2038:
2031:
1995:
1990:
1955:
1890:
1885:
1851:
1791:
1738:
1669:
1610:
1598:
1562:
1550:
1545:
1464:
1428:
1404:
1399:
1284:
1272:
1267:
1133:
1126:
1121:
1114:
1062:, published a ranking of global cities based on consultation with
1000:
971:
964:
959:
935:
811:
806:
782:
775:
751:
734:
618:
611:
538:
531:
506:
499:
455:
451:
276:) centers, headquarters of international political organizations (
256:
194:
190:
146:
83:
3589:
3314:
2730:"Measuring the World City Network: New Results and Developments"
2358:"The Empire in One City? Liverpool's Inconvenient Imperial Past"
2067:
370:
366:
Domination of the trade and economy of a large surrounding area,
118:
3287:
309:
if the producer-service sector is the largest sector then city
2647:(1st ed.). New York: Oxford University Press. p. 4.
433:
High diversity in language, culture, religion, and ideologies.
2532:
Pashley, Rosemary. "HSC Geography". Pascal Press, 2000, p.164
329:
The most prominent criterion has been providing a variety of
3041:"Tokyo remains third in global power index despite downturn"
423:
facilities; and attracting international student attendance,
2945:
2943:
3283:
2819:(November/December 2008). 21 October 2008. Archived from
317:
is greater than the combined producer-service sectors of
2924:"What Is the World's Most Economically Powerful City?"
2782:"2012 Global Cities Index and Emerging Cities Outlook"
349:; and their amalgamation of financial headquarters, a
2395:, vol. 6, no. 3, pp. 351–368. Subscription required.
3853:
3790:
3750:
3625:
3525:
3475:
3321:
3275:
and David Smith of
University of California, Irvine
2552:, GaWC, Loughborough University, 29 September 2010
2387:
2385:
2383:
2381:
2379:
3262:The World-System's City System: A Research Agenda
2968:Our new ranking puts the Big Apple firmly on top.
2572:, GaWC, Loughborough University, 17 February 2005
2422:"Asian Cities Pay Hidden Price for Global Status"
408:The high percentage of residents employed in the
3271:by Jeffrey Kentor and Michael Timberlake of the
1365:(distinct from a namesake list published by the
674:Globalization and World Cities Research Network
468:Globalization and World Cities Research Network
80:Globalization and World Cities Research Network
74:(bottom) are the only two cities ranked in the
2981:"The Top 10 most powerful cities in the world"
2270:"The global city: strategic site/new frontier"
173:, a well-developed and internationally linked
3299:
3279:UN-HABITAT.:. The State of the World's Cities
3194:"Tokyo world's most talked about city online"
644:
8:
3257:Repository of Links Relating to Urban Places
2954:. The Atlantic Monthly Group. Archived from
165:, a large population, the presence of major
3004:
3002:
1075:across five dimensions: business activity,
3306:
3292:
3284:
651:
637:
205:The term 'global city' was popularized by
2684:"GaWC - The World According to GaWC 2020"
2505:
2503:
2244:
2234:
353:, and other major financial institutions,
2563:International Students and Global Cities
2323:The Global City: New York, London, Tokyo
1971:
214:The Global City: New York, London, Tokyo
3066:"The Global Financial Centres Index 35"
2207:
398:and other media and communications for
141:with varying degrees of influence over
3224:"The World's Most Talked About Cities"
3086:from the original on 28 September 2023
2736:from the original on 29 September 2018
2222:Journal of the Royal Society Interface
1205:Global Cities Index (Oxford Economics)
3234:from the original on 23 December 2019
2983:. Yahoo! India Finance. 11 May 2012.
2853:from the original on 20 December 2019
2488:from the original on 17 November 2022
2462:from the original on 5 September 2017
2452:"The World's Most Influential Cities"
2280:from the original on 18 October 2006.
137:has created a hierarchy of strategic
121:that serves as a primary node in the
7:
3204:from the original on 1 February 2020
3020:from the original on 9 November 2023
2718:". GaWC. Retrieved 21 November 2012.
2664:from the original on 11 January 2021
2619:from the original on 17 January 2021
2593:from the original on 16 October 2019
2432:from the original on 1 February 2016
2302:from the original on 20 October 2022
2217:"Human diffusion and city influence"
1972:The World's Most Talked About Cities
391:in business, economics, and culture,
3645:Technical aspects of urban planning
1054:, working with the consulting firm
442:Global city rankings are numerous.
29:City important to the world economy
3148:from the original on 23 March 2015
2987:from the original on 18 March 2013
2756:"The World According to GaWC 2022"
2410:. Institute of the Americas. 1994.
2356:Belchem, John (18 December 2009).
292:), and worldwide-known landmarks (
90:, commercial and cultural centers.
25:
3174:from the original on 20 June 2023
3168:"Knight Frank: City Wealth Index"
3039:Inoue, Yukana (9 November 2023).
2615:. University of Minnesota Press.
2364:from the original on 23 June 2012
1060:Chicago Council on Global Affairs
458:are the most commonly mentioned.
369:Major manufacturing centers with
233:used the term in 1915. The term '
3958:
3420:Cities with the most skyscrapers
2950:Richard Florida (3 March 2015).
2762:. Globalization and World Cities
2543:World City Networks 'From Below'
2130:
2116:
2097:
2085:
2073:
2061:
2049:
2037:
2025:
2013:
2001:
1989:
1954:
1940:
1926:
1912:
1898:
1884:
1870:
1856:
1845:
1831:
1785:
1773:
1761:
1749:
1737:
1725:
1713:
1701:
1689:
1677:
1628:
1616:
1604:
1592:
1580:
1568:
1556:
1544:
1532:
1520:
1493:
1482:
1470:
1458:
1446:
1434:
1422:
1410:
1398:
1386:
1374:
1338:
1326:
1314:
1302:
1290:
1278:
1266:
1254:
1242:
1230:
1192:
1180:
1168:
1156:
1144:
1132:
1120:
1108:
1096:
1084:
1030:
1018:
1006:
994:
982:
970:
958:
946:
934:
922:
910:
898:
886:
874:
862:
850:
838:
826:
805:
793:
781:
769:
757:
745:
733:
712:
700:
610:
594:
578:
562:
546:
530:
514:
498:
482:
475:
331:international financial services
60:
49:
3896:Sustainable Development Goal 11
3777:Most populous national capitals
2932:. 10 March 2015. Archived from
335:finance, insurance, real estate
169:, a significant and globalized
3782:Most populous satellite cities
3010:"Global Power City Index 2023"
2811:"The 2008 Global Cities Index"
1662:Global Financial Centres Index
1652:Global Financial Centres Index
1646:Global Financial Centres Index
1048:In 2008, the American journal
682:[emphasis in original]
678:the spirit of the GaWC project
1:
3772:Most densely populated cities
2897:Millson, Alex (21 May 2024).
1044:Global Cities Index (Kearney)
175:transportation infrastructure
3014:The Mori Memorial Foundation
2268:Sassen, Saskia (July 2001).
2151:City quality of life indices
384:daily and at a global level,
125:The concept originates from
2709:The World According to GaWC
2583:"Decoding City Performance"
1666:China Development Institute
1367:Martin Prosperity Institute
1351:Global Economic Power Index
280:), world renowned museums (
223:The Illustrated London News
133:, based on the thesis that
38:World city (disambiguation)
4041:
3640:Theories of urban planning
2328:Princeton University Press
2196:Ranally city rating system
1820:high-net-worth individuals
1649:
465:
361:multinational corporations
226:; British sociologist and
31:
3954:
3635:History of urban planning
3545:Central business district
2638:Abrahamson, Mark (2004).
387:Centers of new ideas and
3106:"The Wealth Report 2015"
2714:30 November 2012 at the
2510:GaWC Research Bulletin 5
1951:
123:global economic network.
4015:Loughborough University
3886:Million Tree Initiative
2568:5 February 2006 at the
2521:Loughborough University
1937:
1923:
1909:
1895:
1881:
1867:
1842:
1828:
1506:Global Power City Index
321:other cities then city
270:New York Stock Exchange
167:multinational companies
86:are considered leading
4010:Economic globalization
3871:Ecological engineering
3760:World's largest cities
3732:Cycling infrastructure
3617:Peri-urban agriculture
3136:"Global Cities Survey"
2360:. Reviews in History.
2236:10.1098/rsif.2015.0473
305:
201:Origin and terminology
36:. For other uses, see
3911:Urban forest inequity
3702:Multiple nuclei model
3692:Concentric zone model
3677:Mixed-use development
3550:Most expensive cities
3535:World's cities by GDP
2515:8 August 2011 at the
2342:16 March 2015 at the
2176:List of cities by GDP
382:decision-making power
298:Empire State Building
260:
179:research institutions
3901:Sustainable urbanism
3876:Green infrastructure
2548:8 March 2006 at the
2428:. 15 February 2015.
628:class=notpageimage|
139:geographic locations
3941:Urban reforestation
3560:Most livable cities
3267:27 May 2006 at the
3198:Fdiintelligence.com
2613:"Struggling Giants"
1668:and analytics firm
1359:, was published by
1221:, environment, and
264:, the core area of
239:University of Texas
4020:Cultural geography
3995:Metropolitan areas
3990:Economic geography
3840:Urban homesteading
3765:throughout history
3273:University of Utah
2791:on 20 October 2013
2541:J.V. Beaverstock,
2458:. 14 August 2014.
1664:by the think tank
1641:Financial rankings
414:information sector
306:
212:in her 1991 book,
101:, also known as a
3972:
3971:
3965:Cities portal
3926:Urban heat island
3835:Urban exploration
3707:Linear settlement
3655:Public open space
3495:direct-controlled
3445:Abandoned village
3400:Metropolitan area
2936:on 10 March 2015.
2823:on 7 January 2010
2229:(109): 20150473.
1978:built environment
1816:The Wealth Report
1812:Citi Private Bank
1799:The Wealth Report
1068:Witold Rybczynski
683:
664:Jon Beaverstock,
426:Multi-functional
290:Guggenheim Museum
163:urban development
76:Alpha ++ category
16:(Redirected from
4032:
3963:
3962:
3961:
3946:Zero-carbon city
3891:Sustainable city
3845:Unitary urbanism
3815:Urban morphology
3752:Urban population
3722:Bicycle-friendly
3502:Independent city
3477:Urban government
3435:Shrinking cities
3308:
3301:
3294:
3285:
3244:
3243:
3241:
3239:
3220:
3214:
3213:
3211:
3209:
3190:
3184:
3183:
3181:
3179:
3164:
3158:
3157:
3155:
3153:
3147:
3140:
3132:
3126:
3125:
3123:
3121:
3112:. Archived from
3110:Knight Frank LLP
3102:
3096:
3095:
3093:
3091:
3076:
3070:
3069:
3062:
3056:
3055:
3053:
3051:
3036:
3030:
3029:
3027:
3025:
3006:
2997:
2996:
2994:
2992:
2977:
2971:
2970:
2965:
2963:
2958:on 14 March 2015
2947:
2938:
2937:
2920:
2914:
2913:
2911:
2909:
2894:
2888:
2887:
2885:
2883:
2869:
2863:
2862:
2860:
2858:
2839:
2833:
2832:
2830:
2828:
2807:
2801:
2800:
2798:
2796:
2790:
2784:. Archived from
2778:
2772:
2771:
2769:
2767:
2752:
2746:
2745:
2743:
2741:
2725:
2719:
2705:
2699:
2698:
2696:
2694:
2680:
2674:
2673:
2671:
2669:
2663:
2646:
2635:
2629:
2628:
2626:
2624:
2609:
2603:
2602:
2600:
2598:
2589:. 2 April 2019.
2579:
2573:
2559:
2553:
2539:
2533:
2530:
2524:
2507:
2498:
2497:
2495:
2493:
2478:
2472:
2471:
2469:
2467:
2448:
2442:
2441:
2439:
2437:
2418:
2412:
2411:
2402:
2396:
2389:
2374:
2373:
2371:
2369:
2353:
2347:
2320:Sassen, Saskia.
2318:
2312:
2311:
2309:
2307:
2288:
2282:
2281:
2276:. No. 503.
2274:Seminar Magazine
2265:
2259:
2258:
2248:
2238:
2212:
2161:Financial centre
2140:
2135:
2134:
2126:
2121:
2120:
2119:
2102:
2101:
2090:
2089:
2078:
2077:
2066:
2065:
2054:
2053:
2042:
2041:
2030:
2029:
2018:
2017:
2006:
2005:
1994:
1993:
1959:
1958:
1945:
1944:
1931:
1930:
1917:
1916:
1903:
1902:
1889:
1888:
1875:
1874:
1861:
1860:
1850:
1849:
1836:
1835:
1808:Knight Frank LLP
1790:
1789:
1778:
1777:
1766:
1765:
1754:
1753:
1742:
1741:
1730:
1729:
1718:
1717:
1706:
1705:
1694:
1693:
1682:
1681:
1658:financial center
1633:
1632:
1621:
1620:
1609:
1608:
1597:
1596:
1585:
1584:
1573:
1572:
1561:
1560:
1549:
1548:
1537:
1536:
1525:
1524:
1498:
1497:
1487:
1486:
1475:
1474:
1463:
1462:
1451:
1450:
1439:
1438:
1427:
1426:
1415:
1414:
1403:
1402:
1391:
1390:
1379:
1378:
1343:
1342:
1331:
1330:
1319:
1318:
1307:
1306:
1295:
1294:
1283:
1282:
1271:
1270:
1259:
1258:
1247:
1246:
1235:
1234:
1211:Oxford Economics
1197:
1196:
1185:
1184:
1173:
1172:
1161:
1160:
1149:
1148:
1137:
1136:
1125:
1124:
1113:
1112:
1101:
1100:
1089:
1088:
1035:
1034:
1023:
1022:
1011:
1010:
999:
998:
987:
986:
975:
974:
963:
962:
951:
950:
939:
938:
927:
926:
915:
914:
903:
902:
891:
890:
879:
878:
867:
866:
855:
854:
843:
842:
831:
830:
810:
809:
798:
797:
786:
785:
774:
773:
762:
761:
750:
749:
738:
737:
717:
716:
705:
704:
681:
672:established the
666:Richard G. Smith
653:
646:
639:
614:
598:
582:
566:
550:
534:
518:
502:
486:
479:
438:General rankings
272:) and cultural (
249:infrastructure.
171:financial sector
64:
53:
21:
4040:
4039:
4035:
4034:
4033:
4031:
4030:
4029:
4005:Lists of cities
3985:Types of cities
3975:
3974:
3973:
3968:
3959:
3957:
3950:
3849:
3825:Urban sociology
3786:
3746:
3737:Pedestrian zone
3621:
3555:Cheapest cities
3527:Urban economics
3521:
3512:Autonomous city
3471:
3430:Suburbanization
3323:Urban geography
3317:
3312:
3269:Wayback Machine
3253:
3248:
3247:
3237:
3235:
3222:
3221:
3217:
3207:
3205:
3192:
3191:
3187:
3177:
3175:
3166:
3165:
3161:
3151:
3149:
3145:
3138:
3134:
3133:
3129:
3119:
3117:
3116:on 18 June 2015
3104:
3103:
3099:
3089:
3087:
3078:
3077:
3073:
3064:
3063:
3059:
3049:
3047:
3045:The Japan Times
3038:
3037:
3033:
3023:
3021:
3008:
3007:
3000:
2990:
2988:
2979:
2978:
2974:
2961:
2959:
2949:
2948:
2941:
2922:
2921:
2917:
2907:
2905:
2896:
2895:
2891:
2881:
2879:
2871:
2870:
2866:
2856:
2854:
2841:
2840:
2836:
2826:
2824:
2809:
2808:
2804:
2794:
2792:
2788:
2780:
2779:
2775:
2765:
2763:
2754:
2753:
2749:
2739:
2737:
2727:
2726:
2722:
2716:Wayback Machine
2706:
2702:
2692:
2690:
2688:www.lboro.ac.uk
2682:
2681:
2677:
2667:
2665:
2661:
2655:
2644:
2637:
2636:
2632:
2622:
2620:
2611:
2610:
2606:
2596:
2594:
2581:
2580:
2576:
2570:Wayback Machine
2560:
2556:
2550:Wayback Machine
2540:
2536:
2531:
2527:
2517:Wayback Machine
2508:
2501:
2491:
2489:
2480:
2479:
2475:
2465:
2463:
2450:
2449:
2445:
2435:
2433:
2420:
2419:
2415:
2404:
2403:
2399:
2390:
2377:
2367:
2365:
2355:
2354:
2350:
2344:Wayback Machine
2319:
2315:
2305:
2303:
2290:
2289:
2285:
2267:
2266:
2262:
2214:
2213:
2209:
2204:
2136:
2129:
2122:
2117:
2115:
2112:
2096:
2084:
2072:
2060:
2048:
2036:
2024:
2012:
2000:
1988:
1974:
1969:
1967:Social rankings
1953:
1939:
1925:
1911:
1897:
1883:
1869:
1855:
1844:
1830:
1824:political power
1802:
1784:
1772:
1760:
1748:
1736:
1724:
1712:
1700:
1688:
1676:
1654:
1648:
1643:
1627:
1615:
1603:
1591:
1579:
1567:
1555:
1543:
1531:
1519:
1508:
1492:
1481:
1469:
1457:
1445:
1433:
1421:
1409:
1397:
1385:
1373:
1357:Richard Florida
1353:
1337:
1325:
1313:
1301:
1289:
1277:
1265:
1253:
1241:
1229:
1219:quality of life
1207:
1191:
1179:
1167:
1155:
1143:
1131:
1119:
1107:
1095:
1083:
1046:
1041:
1029:
1017:
1005:
993:
981:
969:
957:
945:
933:
929:Luxembourg City
921:
909:
897:
885:
873:
861:
849:
837:
825:
821:
816:
804:
792:
780:
768:
756:
744:
732:
728:
723:
711:
699:
695:
670:Peter J. Taylor
663:
661:
660:
659:
658:
657:
632:
630:
624:
623:
622:
621:
615:
607:
606:
605:
599:
591:
590:
589:
583:
575:
574:
573:
567:
559:
558:
557:
551:
543:
542:
541:
535:
527:
526:
525:
519:
511:
510:
509:
503:
495:
494:
493:
487:
470:
464:
440:
410:services sector
400:global networks
324:
320:
316:
312:
278:UN headquarters
255:
247:high technology
243:financial power
203:
95:
94:
93:
92:
91:
65:
56:
55:
54:
41:
30:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4038:
4036:
4028:
4027:
4022:
4017:
4012:
4007:
4002:
3997:
3992:
3987:
3977:
3976:
3970:
3969:
3955:
3952:
3951:
3949:
3948:
3943:
3938:
3933:
3928:
3923:
3921:Urban forestry
3918:
3913:
3908:
3903:
3898:
3893:
3888:
3883:
3881:Green urbanism
3878:
3873:
3868:
3863:
3861:Climate change
3857:
3855:
3851:
3850:
3848:
3847:
3842:
3837:
3832:
3827:
3822:
3817:
3812:
3807:
3802:
3796:
3794:
3788:
3787:
3785:
3784:
3779:
3774:
3769:
3768:
3767:
3756:
3754:
3748:
3747:
3745:
3744:
3739:
3734:
3729:
3724:
3719:
3714:
3709:
3704:
3699:
3694:
3689:
3684:
3679:
3674:
3669:
3664:
3663:
3662:
3652:
3650:Urban planners
3647:
3642:
3637:
3631:
3629:
3627:Urban planning
3623:
3622:
3620:
3619:
3614:
3609:
3607:Municipal bond
3604:
3599:
3598:
3597:
3592:
3587:
3582:
3577:
3572:
3562:
3557:
3552:
3547:
3542:
3537:
3531:
3529:
3523:
3522:
3520:
3519:
3514:
3509:
3504:
3499:
3498:
3497:
3487:
3481:
3479:
3473:
3472:
3470:
3469:
3464:
3459:
3454:
3449:
3448:
3447:
3437:
3432:
3427:
3422:
3417:
3412:
3407:
3402:
3397:
3392:
3391:
3390:
3380:
3375:
3370:
3368:Satellite city
3365:
3360:
3355:
3350:
3345:
3344:
3343:
3333:
3327:
3325:
3319:
3318:
3313:
3311:
3310:
3303:
3296:
3288:
3282:
3281:
3276:
3259:
3252:
3251:External links
3249:
3246:
3245:
3215:
3185:
3159:
3127:
3097:
3080:"GFCI 34 Rank"
3071:
3057:
3031:
2998:
2972:
2939:
2915:
2889:
2864:
2834:
2816:Foreign Policy
2802:
2773:
2747:
2720:
2700:
2675:
2654:978-0195142044
2653:
2630:
2604:
2574:
2554:
2534:
2525:
2523:, 28 July 1999
2499:
2473:
2443:
2413:
2397:
2375:
2348:
2313:
2283:
2260:
2206:
2205:
2203:
2200:
2199:
2198:
2193:
2188:
2183:
2178:
2173:
2168:
2163:
2158:
2153:
2148:
2142:
2141:
2127:
2111:
2108:
2107:
2106:
2094:
2082:
2070:
2058:
2046:
2034:
2022:
2010:
1998:
1973:
1970:
1968:
1965:
1964:
1963:
1950:
1949:
1936:
1935:
1922:
1921:
1908:
1907:
1894:
1893:
1880:
1879:
1866:
1865:
1841:
1840:
1801:
1796:
1795:
1794:
1782:
1770:
1758:
1746:
1734:
1722:
1710:
1698:
1686:
1656:Strength as a
1650:Main article:
1647:
1644:
1642:
1639:
1638:
1637:
1625:
1613:
1601:
1589:
1577:
1565:
1553:
1541:
1529:
1507:
1504:
1503:
1502:
1479:
1467:
1455:
1443:
1431:
1419:
1407:
1395:
1383:
1352:
1349:
1348:
1347:
1335:
1323:
1311:
1299:
1287:
1275:
1263:
1251:
1239:
1209:Advisory firm
1206:
1203:
1202:
1201:
1189:
1177:
1165:
1153:
1141:
1129:
1117:
1105:
1093:
1072:Foreign Policy
1070:, and others.
1051:Foreign Policy
1045:
1042:
1040:
1039:
1027:
1015:
1003:
991:
979:
967:
955:
943:
931:
919:
907:
895:
883:
871:
859:
847:
835:
822:
820:
817:
815:
814:
802:
790:
778:
766:
754:
742:
729:
727:
724:
722:
721:
709:
696:
694:
691:
656:
655:
648:
641:
633:
626:
625:
617:
616:
609:
608:
601:
600:
593:
592:
585:
584:
577:
576:
569:
568:
561:
560:
553:
552:
545:
544:
537:
536:
529:
528:
521:
520:
513:
512:
505:
504:
497:
496:
489:
488:
481:
480:
474:
473:
472:
471:
466:Main article:
463:
460:
439:
436:
435:
434:
431:
428:infrastructure
424:
417:
406:
403:
392:
385:
378:
367:
364:
354:
351:stock exchange
322:
318:
314:
310:
282:the Met Museum
254:
251:
231:Patrick Geddes
202:
199:
66:
59:
58:
57:
48:
47:
46:
45:
44:
28:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4037:
4026:
4025:Index numbers
4023:
4021:
4018:
4016:
4013:
4011:
4008:
4006:
4003:
4001:
3998:
3996:
3993:
3991:
3988:
3986:
3983:
3982:
3980:
3967:
3966:
3953:
3947:
3944:
3942:
3939:
3937:
3936:Urban prairie
3934:
3932:
3929:
3927:
3924:
3922:
3919:
3917:
3914:
3912:
3909:
3907:
3906:Urban ecology
3904:
3902:
3899:
3897:
3894:
3892:
3889:
3887:
3884:
3882:
3879:
3877:
3874:
3872:
3869:
3867:
3864:
3862:
3859:
3858:
3856:
3852:
3846:
3843:
3841:
3838:
3836:
3833:
3831:
3830:Anti-urbanism
3828:
3826:
3823:
3821:
3820:Urban culture
3818:
3816:
3813:
3811:
3810:Urban studies
3808:
3806:
3805:Urban warfare
3803:
3801:
3798:
3797:
3795:
3793:
3789:
3783:
3780:
3778:
3775:
3773:
3770:
3766:
3763:
3762:
3761:
3758:
3757:
3755:
3753:
3749:
3743:
3740:
3738:
3735:
3733:
3730:
3728:
3725:
3723:
3720:
3718:
3715:
3713:
3710:
3708:
3705:
3703:
3700:
3698:
3695:
3693:
3690:
3688:
3685:
3683:
3680:
3678:
3675:
3673:
3670:
3668:
3665:
3661:
3658:
3657:
3656:
3653:
3651:
3648:
3646:
3643:
3641:
3638:
3636:
3633:
3632:
3630:
3628:
3624:
3618:
3615:
3613:
3610:
3608:
3605:
3603:
3602:Urban renewal
3600:
3596:
3593:
3591:
3588:
3586:
3583:
3581:
3578:
3576:
3573:
3571:
3568:
3567:
3566:
3563:
3561:
3558:
3556:
3553:
3551:
3548:
3546:
3543:
3541:
3538:
3536:
3533:
3532:
3530:
3528:
3524:
3518:
3515:
3513:
3510:
3508:
3505:
3503:
3500:
3496:
3493:
3492:
3491:
3488:
3486:
3483:
3482:
3480:
3478:
3474:
3468:
3465:
3463:
3460:
3458:
3455:
3453:
3450:
3446:
3443:
3442:
3441:
3438:
3436:
3433:
3431:
3428:
3426:
3423:
3421:
3418:
3416:
3413:
3411:
3408:
3406:
3403:
3401:
3398:
3396:
3393:
3389:
3386:
3385:
3384:
3381:
3379:
3378:Commuter town
3376:
3374:
3371:
3369:
3366:
3364:
3361:
3359:
3356:
3354:
3351:
3349:
3346:
3342:
3339:
3338:
3337:
3334:
3332:
3329:
3328:
3326:
3324:
3320:
3316:
3309:
3304:
3302:
3297:
3295:
3290:
3289:
3286:
3280:
3277:
3274:
3270:
3266:
3263:
3260:
3258:
3255:
3254:
3250:
3233:
3229:
3225:
3219:
3216:
3203:
3199:
3195:
3189:
3186:
3173:
3169:
3163:
3160:
3144:
3137:
3131:
3128:
3115:
3111:
3107:
3101:
3098:
3085:
3081:
3075:
3072:
3067:
3061:
3058:
3046:
3042:
3035:
3032:
3019:
3015:
3011:
3005:
3003:
2999:
2986:
2982:
2976:
2973:
2969:
2957:
2953:
2946:
2944:
2940:
2935:
2931:
2930:
2925:
2919:
2916:
2904:
2900:
2893:
2890:
2878:
2874:
2868:
2865:
2852:
2848:
2847:Atkearney.com
2844:
2838:
2835:
2822:
2818:
2817:
2812:
2806:
2803:
2787:
2783:
2777:
2774:
2761:
2757:
2751:
2748:
2735:
2731:
2728:Taylor, P.J.
2724:
2721:
2717:
2713:
2710:
2704:
2701:
2689:
2685:
2679:
2676:
2660:
2656:
2650:
2643:
2642:
2641:Global cities
2634:
2631:
2618:
2614:
2608:
2605:
2592:
2588:
2584:
2578:
2575:
2571:
2567:
2564:
2561:K. O'Connor,
2558:
2555:
2551:
2547:
2544:
2538:
2535:
2529:
2526:
2522:
2518:
2514:
2511:
2506:
2504:
2500:
2487:
2483:
2477:
2474:
2461:
2457:
2453:
2447:
2444:
2431:
2427:
2423:
2417:
2414:
2409:
2408:
2401:
2398:
2394:
2388:
2386:
2384:
2382:
2380:
2376:
2363:
2359:
2352:
2349:
2345:
2341:
2337:
2336:0-691-07063-6
2333:
2329:
2325:
2324:
2317:
2314:
2301:
2297:
2293:
2292:"global city"
2287:
2284:
2279:
2275:
2271:
2264:
2261:
2256:
2252:
2247:
2242:
2237:
2232:
2228:
2224:
2223:
2218:
2211:
2208:
2201:
2197:
2194:
2192:
2189:
2187:
2184:
2182:
2179:
2177:
2174:
2172:
2171:Globalization
2169:
2167:
2164:
2162:
2159:
2157:
2154:
2152:
2149:
2147:
2144:
2143:
2139:
2133:
2128:
2125:
2124:Cities portal
2114:
2109:
2105:
2100:
2095:
2093:
2088:
2083:
2081:
2076:
2071:
2069:
2064:
2059:
2057:
2052:
2047:
2045:
2040:
2035:
2033:
2028:
2023:
2021:
2016:
2011:
2009:
2008:New York City
2004:
1999:
1997:
1992:
1987:
1986:
1985:
1983:
1979:
1976:London-based
1966:
1962:
1957:
1952:
1948:
1943:
1938:
1934:
1929:
1924:
1920:
1915:
1910:
1906:
1901:
1896:
1892:
1887:
1882:
1878:
1873:
1868:
1864:
1863:New York City
1859:
1853:
1848:
1843:
1839:
1834:
1829:
1827:
1825:
1821:
1817:
1813:
1809:
1806:
1800:
1797:
1793:
1788:
1783:
1781:
1776:
1771:
1769:
1764:
1759:
1757:
1752:
1747:
1745:
1740:
1735:
1733:
1732:San Francisco
1728:
1723:
1721:
1716:
1711:
1709:
1704:
1699:
1697:
1692:
1687:
1685:
1684:New York City
1680:
1675:
1674:
1673:
1671:
1667:
1663:
1659:
1653:
1645:
1640:
1636:
1631:
1626:
1624:
1619:
1614:
1612:
1607:
1602:
1600:
1595:
1590:
1588:
1583:
1578:
1576:
1571:
1566:
1564:
1559:
1554:
1552:
1547:
1542:
1540:
1539:New York City
1535:
1530:
1528:
1523:
1518:
1517:
1516:
1514:
1505:
1501:
1496:
1490:
1485:
1480:
1478:
1473:
1468:
1466:
1461:
1456:
1454:
1449:
1444:
1442:
1437:
1432:
1430:
1425:
1420:
1418:
1413:
1408:
1406:
1401:
1396:
1394:
1389:
1384:
1382:
1381:New York City
1377:
1372:
1371:
1370:
1368:
1364:
1363:
1358:
1350:
1346:
1341:
1336:
1334:
1329:
1324:
1322:
1321:San Francisco
1317:
1312:
1310:
1305:
1300:
1298:
1293:
1288:
1286:
1281:
1276:
1274:
1269:
1264:
1262:
1257:
1252:
1250:
1245:
1240:
1238:
1237:New York City
1233:
1228:
1227:
1226:
1224:
1220:
1216:
1215:human capital
1212:
1204:
1200:
1195:
1190:
1188:
1183:
1178:
1176:
1171:
1166:
1164:
1159:
1154:
1152:
1147:
1142:
1140:
1135:
1130:
1128:
1123:
1118:
1116:
1111:
1106:
1104:
1099:
1094:
1092:
1091:New York City
1087:
1082:
1081:
1080:
1078:
1077:human capital
1073:
1069:
1065:
1064:Saskia Sassen
1061:
1057:
1053:
1052:
1043:
1038:
1033:
1028:
1026:
1021:
1016:
1014:
1009:
1004:
1002:
997:
992:
990:
985:
980:
978:
973:
968:
966:
961:
956:
954:
949:
944:
942:
937:
932:
930:
925:
920:
918:
913:
908:
906:
901:
896:
894:
889:
884:
882:
877:
872:
870:
865:
860:
858:
853:
848:
846:
841:
836:
834:
829:
824:
823:
818:
813:
808:
803:
801:
796:
791:
789:
784:
779:
777:
772:
767:
765:
760:
755:
753:
748:
743:
741:
736:
731:
730:
725:
720:
719:New York City
715:
710:
708:
703:
698:
697:
692:
690:
687:
679:
675:
671:
667:
654:
649:
647:
642:
640:
635:
634:
629:
620:
613:
604:
597:
588:
581:
572:
565:
556:
549:
540:
533:
524:
517:
508:
501:
492:
485:
478:
469:
461:
459:
457:
453:
449:
445:
444:New York City
437:
432:
429:
425:
422:
418:
415:
411:
407:
404:
401:
397:
393:
390:
386:
383:
380:Considerable
379:
376:
372:
368:
365:
362:
358:
355:
352:
348:
344:
340:
336:
333:, notably in
332:
328:
327:
326:
303:
299:
295:
291:
287:
283:
279:
275:
271:
267:
266:New York City
263:
259:
252:
250:
248:
244:
240:
236:
232:
229:
225:
224:
219:
215:
211:
210:Saskia Sassen
208:
200:
198:
196:
192:
188:
184:
183:New York City
180:
176:
172:
168:
164:
159:
157:
156:socioeconomic
152:
148:
144:
140:
136:
135:globalization
132:
131:urban studies
128:
124:
120:
116:
112:
108:
104:
100:
89:
85:
81:
77:
73:
69:
68:New York City
63:
52:
43:
39:
35:
27:
19:
3956:
3916:Urban forest
3800:New Urbanism
3697:Sector model
3682:Urban design
3575:Modern ruins
3539:
3517:Capital city
3490:Municipality
3467:College town
3425:Urbanization
3236:. Retrieved
3227:
3218:
3206:. Retrieved
3197:
3188:
3176:. Retrieved
3162:
3150:. Retrieved
3130:
3118:. Retrieved
3114:the original
3100:
3090:28 September
3088:. Retrieved
3074:
3060:
3048:. Retrieved
3044:
3034:
3022:. Retrieved
3013:
2989:. Retrieved
2975:
2967:
2960:. Retrieved
2956:the original
2934:the original
2929:The Atlantic
2927:
2918:
2906:. Retrieved
2902:
2892:
2880:. Retrieved
2876:
2867:
2855:. Retrieved
2846:
2837:
2825:. Retrieved
2821:the original
2814:
2805:
2793:. Retrieved
2786:the original
2776:
2764:. Retrieved
2759:
2750:
2738:. Retrieved
2723:
2703:
2691:. Retrieved
2687:
2678:
2666:. Retrieved
2640:
2633:
2621:. Retrieved
2607:
2595:. Retrieved
2586:
2577:
2557:
2537:
2528:
2490:. Retrieved
2476:
2464:. Retrieved
2455:
2446:
2434:. Retrieved
2426:The Diplomat
2425:
2416:
2406:
2400:
2392:
2366:. Retrieved
2351:
2321:
2316:
2304:. Retrieved
2295:
2286:
2273:
2263:
2226:
2220:
2210:
2191:Primate city
2156:Ecumenopolis
2138:World portal
1982:social media
1975:
1815:
1805:Estate agent
1803:
1798:
1655:
1509:
1362:The Atlantic
1360:
1354:
1208:
1071:
1056:A.T. Kearney
1049:
1047:
905:Kuala Lumpur
677:
662:
441:
359:of numerous
357:Headquarters
307:
302:Central Park
294:Times Square
221:
213:
204:
160:
115:world center
114:
110:
106:
102:
98:
96:
42:
34:Ecumenopolis
26:
18:World Cities
4000:Urban areas
3854:Environment
3742:Walkability
3727:Cyclability
3660:Green space
3612:Habitat III
3580:Shanty town
3565:Urban decay
3540:Global city
3485:City status
3462:Closed city
3415:Megalopolis
3395:Conurbation
3383:City proper
3363:Twin cities
3336:City centre
3238:23 December
2623:31 December
2492:17 November
2181:Megalopolis
2146:Caput Mundi
1877:Los Angeles
1768:Los Angeles
1453:Los Angeles
1309:Los Angeles
1175:Los Angeles
953:Mexico City
917:Los Angeles
394:Centers of
377:facilities,
343:accountancy
207:sociologist
99:global city
84:Both cities
3979:Categories
3931:Urban park
3866:Eco-cities
3717:Smart city
3667:Urban wild
3507:City-state
3440:Ghost town
3405:Metropolis
3331:Urban area
3208:1 February
3024:9 November
2857:16 October
2827:31 October
2740:1 November
2693:17 January
2597:16 October
2436:25 January
2306:20 October
2296:Britannica
2202:References
2186:Metropolis
1513:livability
1223:governance
462:GaWC study
389:innovation
228:geographer
111:alpha city
107:world city
103:power city
70:(top) and
3687:Grid plan
3595:Squatting
3457:Tent city
3452:Lost city
3373:Edge city
3358:Core city
2903:Bloomberg
2668:9 January
2587:Jll.co.uk
2466:29 August
2080:Barcelona
1933:Hong Kong
1919:Singapore
1720:Hong Kong
1708:Singapore
1623:Melbourne
1587:Amsterdam
1575:Singapore
1489:Stockholm
1441:Singapore
1417:Hong Kong
1333:Melbourne
1199:Hong Kong
1187:Melbourne
1163:Singapore
989:São Paulo
869:Frankfurt
833:Amsterdam
800:Singapore
764:Hong Kong
686:economics
587:Singapore
571:Hong Kong
375:container
347:marketing
262:Manhattan
218:Liverpool
158:affairs.
127:geography
88:financial
3792:Urbanism
3712:Land use
3585:Skid row
3410:Megacity
3341:Downtown
3265:Archived
3232:Archived
3202:Archived
3172:Archived
3143:Archived
3084:Archived
3018:Archived
2985:Archived
2962:16 March
2851:Archived
2734:Archived
2712:Archived
2659:Archived
2617:Archived
2591:Archived
2566:Archived
2546:Archived
2519:, GaWC,
2513:Archived
2486:Archived
2460:Archived
2430:Archived
2362:Archived
2340:Archived
2326:. 1991.
2300:Archived
2278:Archived
2255:26179991
2110:See also
1814:publish
1810:and the
1744:Shanghai
1261:San Jose
1151:Brussels
1058:and the
881:Istanbul
845:Brussels
788:Shanghai
693:Alpha ++
603:Shanghai
491:New York
421:research
274:Broadway
253:Criteria
235:megacity
3178:20 June
3152:18 June
3120:18 June
2991:19 June
2882:9 March
2877:Kearney
2760:Twitter
2246:4535413
1961:Beijing
1947:Toronto
1905:Chicago
1780:Chicago
1500:Toronto
1297:Seattle
1139:Beijing
1025:Toronto
893:Jakarta
857:Chicago
740:Beijing
726:Alpha +
555:Beijing
396:digital
339:banking
151:culture
143:finance
117:, is a
78:by the
3672:Zoning
3570:Ghetto
3388:limits
3348:Suburb
3315:Cities
3050:9 July
2908:21 May
2766:24 May
2651:
2456:Forbes
2334:
2253:
2243:
2044:Madrid
2020:London
1854:&
1838:London
1756:Geneva
1696:London
1635:Berlin
1527:London
1491:&
1477:Vienna
1393:London
1345:Zurich
1249:London
1103:London
1037:Warsaw
1013:Sydney
977:Mumbai
941:Madrid
707:London
668:, and
523:London
454:, and
448:London
345:, and
193:, and
187:London
149:, and
72:London
3353:Exurb
3146:(PDF)
3139:(PDF)
2795:9 May
2789:(PDF)
2662:(PDF)
2645:(PDF)
2368:9 May
2104:Osaka
2092:Seoul
2056:Dubai
2032:Paris
1996:Tokyo
1891:Tokyo
1852:Paris
1792:Seoul
1672:are:
1670:Z/Yen
1611:Dubai
1599:Seoul
1563:Paris
1551:Tokyo
1465:Seoul
1429:Paris
1405:Tokyo
1285:Paris
1273:Tokyo
1127:Tokyo
1115:Paris
1001:Seoul
965:Milan
819:Alpha
812:Tokyo
776:Paris
752:Dubai
619:Dubai
539:Tokyo
507:Paris
456:Paris
452:Tokyo
220:, by
195:Tokyo
191:Paris
147:trade
113:, or
3590:Slum
3240:2019
3210:2020
3180:2023
3154:2015
3122:2015
3092:2023
3052:2024
3026:2023
2993:2013
2964:2015
2910:2024
2884:2024
2859:2019
2829:2008
2797:2012
2768:2022
2742:2018
2695:2023
2670:2021
2649:ISBN
2625:2020
2599:2019
2494:2022
2468:2017
2438:2016
2393:City
2370:2012
2332:ISBN
2308:2022
2251:PMID
2068:Rome
412:and
373:and
371:port
286:MOMA
245:and
129:and
119:city
2241:PMC
2231:doi
3981::
3230:.
3226:.
3200:.
3196:.
3170:.
3141:.
3108:.
3082:.
3043:.
3016:.
3012:.
3001:^
2966:.
2942:^
2926:.
2901:.
2875:.
2849:.
2845:.
2813:.
2758:.
2732:.
2686:.
2657:.
2585:.
2502:^
2484:.
2454:.
2424:.
2378:^
2338:.
2330:.
2298:.
2294:.
2272:.
2249:.
2239:.
2227:12
2225:.
2219:.
1217:,
1066:,
680:"
450:,
446:,
341:,
337:,
300:,
296:,
288:,
284:,
197:.
189:,
185:,
145:,
109:,
105:,
97:A
82:.
3307:e
3300:t
3293:v
3242:.
3212:.
3182:.
3156:.
3124:.
3094:.
3068:.
3054:.
3028:.
2995:.
2912:.
2886:.
2861:.
2831:.
2799:.
2770:.
2744:.
2707:"
2697:.
2672:.
2627:.
2601:.
2496:.
2470:.
2440:.
2372:.
2346:.
2310:.
2257:.
2233::
652:e
645:t
638:v
416:,
402:,
363:,
323:X
319:N
315:X
311:X
304:)
40:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
