501:, published in 2011, was more evidence-based than the previous versions and first to include an international advisory committee of transgender community leaders. It changed the name to the "Standards of Care for the Health of Transsexual, Transgender, and Gender-Nonconforming People", began to use the phrase "gender dysphoria", and marked a shift from conceiving gender as a binary to a spectrum. Differences between the 6th and the 7th versions were significant with the 7th version of the SOC including gender affirming care in female-to-male persons. The updated SOC also had a significant departure from previous versions. Including being the first version to include references, changes in guidelines where not everyone with gender concerns requires a diagnosis, replacing the requirement of the real life test and psychotherapy prior to hormone treatment or surgery with “persistent well documented gender dysphoria”, criteria for
326:, the overall goal of the SOC is to provide clinical guidance for health professionals to assist transgender, and gender nonconforming people with safe and effective pathways to achieving lasting personal comfort with their gendered selves, in order to maximize their overall health, psychological well-being, and self-fulfillment. To keep up with increasing scientific evidence, WPATH periodically commissions an update to the Standards of Care and the WPATH Guideline Steering Committee oversees the guideline development process. The first version of the Standards of Care were published in 1979. Versions were released in 1979 (1st), 1980 (2nd), 1981 (3rd), 1990 (4th), 1998 (5th), 2001 (6th), and 2012 (7th). WPATH released Version 8, the latest edition, in 2022; it is described as being based upon a “more rigorous and methodological evidence-based approach than previous versions.”
435:, were published in 1979 and served both as clinical guidelines for treating patients and to protect those who provided the treatments. Versions 2, 3, and 4 of the SOC were published in 1980, 1981 and 1990 respectively under the same name with few changes. These versions of the SOC followed the gatekeeping model laid out by Benjamin, where clinicians set strict eligibility requirements, requiring evaluations from separate mental health professionals and compulsory psychotherapy. WPATH played a large role in the addition of "
483:
health professionals were required to take or in the general recommendations for content of the letters of readiness. An important change in the eligibility criteria for GAH allowed providers to prescribe hormones even if patients had not undergone RLT or psychotherapy if it was for harm reduction purposes. A notable change in version six separated the eligibility and readiness criteria for top and bottom surgery allowing some patients, particularly individuals assigned female at birth, to receive a mastectomy.
242:
576:
2530:
2512:
573:
466:
518:
decision making and informed consent by removing the requirement of a second letter from a mental health professional and the requirement that the provider must have a doctoral level degree. Changes in this edition included a shift away from requiring multiple letters from mental health professionals for surgery, introduces the term
391:, a multidisciplinary volume exploring instructions on medical care as well as social and clinical aspects, which was dedicated to Benjamin. The same year, he funded the 1st International Symposium on Gender Identity in London. The 4th conference, taking place in 1975, was the first to use Benjamin's name in the title.
29:
517:
was published. The guidelines note that the complexity of the assessment process may differ from patient to patient, based on the type of gender affirming care requested and the specific characteristics of the patient. The updates to SOC 8 shifted the ethical focus of evaluations toward one of shared
329:
SOC is an internationally accepted and influential document outlining how to provide patients with transition related care. Early versions of the SOC focused gender transition towards psychologists and psychiatrists and framed transgender identity as a mental illness. Beginning in approximately 2010,
509:
treatment, and an expansion of the effects of hormone therapy. WPATH acknowledged the importance and changes in the 7th SOC saying that “Changes in this version are based upon significant cultural shifts, advances in clinical knowledge, and appreciation of the many health care issues that can arise
493:
In 2010, WPATH published the "depath statement", urging the "depsychopathologisation of gender variance worldwide" by governments and medical bodies. Shortly afterwards it released the "Identity
Recognition Statement", urging governmental and medical bodies to endorse gender self-identification and
482:
was published in 2001 and offered more flexibility and individualized care but continued to use the phrase "gender identity disorder". At the same time transgender people increasingly complained of having to "jump through hoops". SOC 6 also did not include significant changes to the tasks mental
427:
with Walker serving as president; The first SOC committee included all founding committee members with the exception of Patton, a vote by attendees having opposed a "consumer" board member. The
Articles of Incorporation were approved in 1979 at the 6th IGDS and HBIGDA was legally incorporated 7
1030:
363:
recommended behavioral treatments to extinguish cross-sex identification and reinforce gender-normative behaviors. Knowledge on various aspects of transition related care had existed for decades, but there was no clinical consensus on the care pathways for transgender people.
120:
458:, where patients had to socially transition for up to a year prior to hormones. These critiques developed into a trans-led Advocacy and Liason committee, marking the first time trans people were officially and actively consulted regarding their treatment. The
539:
and sexology. Non-professionals may also join, paying the same membership fee, but without voting privileges. The organization is funded by its membership and by donations and grants from non-commercial sources. The current president of the organization is
462:, published in 1998, was titled the "Standards of Care for Gender Identity Disorders" to be consistent with the DSM-III. It recommended but did not require psychotherapy and stated that while GID was a mental disorder, that was not a license for stigma.
1053:
1969:
Dickey, Lore; Singh, Anneliese A. (2017). "Physical health concerns related to medical transitions for transgender and gender nonconforming clients". In DeBord, Kurt A.; Fischer, Ann R.; Bieschke, Kathleen J.; Perez, Ruperto M. (eds.).
1314:"Proposed Changes to Diagnoses Related to Gender Identity in the DSM : A World Professional Association for Transgender Health Consensus Paper Regarding the Potential Impact on Access to Health Care for Transgender Persons"
323:
317:
305:
2461:
646:
371:, arguing that since there was no cure for transsexualism, it was in the best interests of transsexuals and society to aid in sex reassignment and in the same year the Johns Hopkins Gender Clinic was opened by
552:
WPATH is affiliated with several regional organizations, including the
European Professional Association for Transgender Health, the United States Professional Association for Transgender Health and ASIAPATH.
486:
In 2006, the organization changed its name from the Harry
Benjamin International Gender Dysphoria Association (HBIGDA) to the World Professional Association for Transgender Health (WPATH). In 2007,
2324:
403:(IGDS) in 1977. The organization was named in honor of Benjamin and supported a mixture of psychological and medical treatment. The founding committee was entirely American and consisted of
2574:
2569:
2453:
911:
Walker, P. A.; Berger, J. C.; Green, R.; Laub, D. R.; et al. (February 1985). "Standards of Care: The
Hormonal and Surgical Sex Reassignment of Gender Dysphoric Persons ".
637:
2579:
443:
in 1980. These versions used the DSM-III's criteria for the diagnoses of "Transsexualism" and "Gender
Identity Disorder of Childhood", which had largely been authored by
535:
Professionals include anyone working in disciplines such as medicine, psychology, law, social work, counseling, psychotherapy, family studies, sociology, anthropology,
347:. During this period, the majority of literature on gender diversity was pathologizing, positing dysfunctional families as the causes of dysphoria and recommending
469:
Changes to the World
Professional Association for Transgender Health (WPATH) standards of care around gender affirming medical and surgical treatments over time.
611:
330:
with pushing from trans activists the WPATH began publicly advocating the depsychopathologization of transgender identities in the 7th version of the SOC.
2584:
1893:
1751:"Readiness assessments for gender-affirming surgical treatments: A systematic scoping review of historical practices and changing ethical considerations"
2559:
1074:
662:
WPATH has seen significant growth in its membership and programming over the past year, now with more than 2700 members and 49 countries represented.
2070:"World Professional Association for Transgender Health's Standards of Care Requirements of Hormone Therapy for Adults with Gender Identity Disorder"
1471:"Transnormativity in the psy disciplines: Constructing pathology in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders and Standards of Care"
2564:
451:
in research where the diagnostic criteria were thought correct since transgender people provided the narratives expected of them to access care.
2148:
2046:
2207:
2537: from this source, which is by Travis Amengual, Kaitlyn Kunstman, R. Brett Lloyd, Aron Janssen, Annie B. Wescott available under the
1989:
1573:
1436:
1287:
844:
2375:
2097:
1213:
835:
Figures, K. (2007). "Harry
Benjamin International Gender Dysphoria Association Is Founded". In Faderman, Lillian; Retter, Yolanda (eds.).
955:
388:
2269:
1947:
1264:
455:
1527:"Nomenclature in the World Professional Association for Transgender Health's Standards of Care : Background and Recommendations"
2554:
454:
In the 1990's, WPATH was struggling to operate due to criticisms of their SOC in the trans community such as the requirement of the
2490:
1829:"The Harry Benjamin International Gender Dysphoria Association's Standards of Care for Gender Identity Disorders, Sixth Version"
380:
400:
73:
2519: from this source, which is by Gennaro Selvaggi, Cecilia Dhejne, Mikael Landen, Anna Elanderbob available under the
2534:
1995:
416:
65:
1700:
2589:
1720:
399:
The Harry
Benjamin International Gender Dysphoria Association and Standards of Care (SOC) were conceived during the 5th
976:
1353:"Is Gender Reassignment Surgery Evidence Based? Recommendation for the Seventh Version of the WPATH Standards of Care"
960:(4 ed.), San Francisco, California: The Harry Benjamin International Gender Dysphoria Association, archived from
379:, a wealthy transgender man who played a large role in funding research and clinics for trans healthcare through the
1003:
608:
444:
408:
384:
368:
2405:
536:
277:
681:
97:
To promote evidence-based care, education, research, advocacy, public policy, and respect in transgender health.
588:
436:
109:
1235:
Levine, Stephen B.; Brown, George R.; Coleman, Eli; Cohen-Kettenis, Peggy T.; et al. (December 6, 1999).
2291:
Patel, Ashraf A.; Marquez, Jessica L.; Agarwal, Cori A.; Gallagher, Sidhbh; et al. (November 7, 2023).
168:
142:
1081:
1075:
Standards of Care for the Health of
Transsexual, Transgender, and Gender-Nonconforming People, Version 7
301:
105:
1827:
Meyer, Walter; Bockting, Walter O.; Cohen-Kettenis, Peggy; Coleman, Eli; et al. (April 11, 2002).
1653:
900:(3 ed.), San Francisco, California: The Harry Benjamin International Gender Dysphoria Association
778:"The 2011 WPATH Standards of Care and Penile Reconstruction in Female-to-Male Transsexual Individuals"
343:
Medical treatment for gender dysphoria was publicized in the early 1950s by accounts such as those of
322:
WPATH develops, publishes and reviews guidelines for persons with gender dysphoria, under the name of
2018:
1749:
Amengual, Travis; Kunstman, Kaitlyn; Lloyd, R. Brett; Janssen, Aron; et al. (October 20, 2022).
293:
2431:
2120:
2171:
1813:
1705:. XVII Harry Benjamin International Symposium on Gender Dysphoria. Galveston, Texas. Archived from
1594:"Challenges of implementing collaborative models of decision making with trans-identified patients"
519:
510:
for transsexual, transgender, and gender nonconforming people beyond hormone therapy and surgery”.
344:
1313:
866:(1 ed.), Palo Alto, California: The Harry Benjamin International Gender Dysphoria Association
2347:
1158:
895:
883:(2 ed.), Stanford, California: The Harry Benjamin International Gender Dysphoria Association
878:
861:
424:
348:
2069:
1654:"Past and Future Challenges Associated with Standards of Care for Gender Transitioning Clients"
1526:
1352:
1177:
2486:
The WPATH Standards of Care: Their History and Importance in Advocating for Transgender Health
2367:
2316:
2308:
2261:
2253:
2199:
2191:
2140:
2089:
2038:
1985:
1939:
1931:
1912:"Reflections on emerging trends in clinical work with gender diverse children and adolescents"
1848:
1790:
1772:
1681:
1673:
1631:
1613:
1569:
1546:
1498:
1490:
1432:
1372:
1333:
1256:
1205:
1197:
1178:"Psychosocial Adjustment in Male-to-Female Transsexuals: An Overview of the Research Evidence"
1150:
1132:
961:
936:
928:
840:
817:
799:
751:
733:
121:
Standards of Care for the Health of Transsexual, Transgender, and Gender Nonconforming People
2359:
2300:
2245:
2233:
2183:
2132:
2081:
2030:
1977:
1923:
1840:
1780:
1762:
1665:
1621:
1605:
1538:
1482:
1424:
1364:
1325:
1248:
1189:
1140:
1124:
1045:
920:
807:
789:
741:
725:
285:
1911:
1236:
2538:
2529:
2520:
2516:
2511:
2121:"New Criteria for Sex Reassignment Surgery: WPATH Standards of Care, Version 7, Revisited"
1002:
Meyer, W.; Bockting, W. O.; Cohen-Kettenis, P.; Coleman, E.; et al. (February 2001).
615:
580:
487:
360:
281:
154:
957:
Standards of Care: The Hormonal and Surgical Sex Reassignment of Gender Dysphoric Persons
897:
Standards of Care: The Hormonal and Surgical Sex Reassignment of Gender Dysphoric Persons
880:
Standards of Care: The Hormonal and Surgical Sex Reassignment of Gender Dysphoric Persons
863:
Standards of Care: The Hormonal and Surgical Sex Reassignment of Gender Dysphoric Persons
2484:
2293:"A Summary of WPATH Standards of Care 8 th Edition for Gender Affirming Plastic Surgery"
2292:
241:
2019:"Finding What Works: New Clinicians' Use of Standards of Care With Transgender Clients"
1785:
1750:
1626:
1593:
1145:
1112:
1111:
Coleman, E.; Radix, A. E.; Bouman, W. P.; Brown, G. R.; et al. (August 19, 2022).
860:
Walker, P. A.; Berger, J. C.; Green, R.; Laub, D. R.; et al. (February 13, 1979),
812:
777:
746:
713:
712:
Coleman, E.; Radix, A. E.; Bouman, W. P.; Brown, G. R.; et al. (August 19, 2022).
448:
412:
352:
297:
1113:"Standards of Care for the Health of Transgender and Gender Diverse People, Version 8"
954:
Walker, P. A.; Berger, J. C.; Green, R.; Laub, D. R.; et al. (January 25, 1990),
877:
Walker, P. A.; Berger, J. C.; Green, R.; Laub, D. R.; et al. (January 20, 1980),
714:"Standards of Care for the Health of Transgender and Gender Diverse People, Version 8"
465:
2548:
1469:
Riggs, Damien W.; Pearce, Ruth; Pfeffer, Carla A.; Hines, Sally; et al. (2019).
1162:
376:
356:
975:
Levine, S. B.; Brown, G.; Coleman, E.; Cohen-Kettenis, P.; et al. (June 1998).
837:
Great Events from History: Gay, Lesbian, Bisexual, and Transgender Events, 1848-2006
1973:
Handbook of sexual orientation and gender diversity in counseling and psychotherapy
1073:
Coleman, Eli; Bockting, Walter; Botzer, Marsha; Cohen-Kettenis, Peggy; et al.
894:
Walker, P. A.; Berger, J. C.; Green, R.; Laub, D. R.; et al. (March 9, 1981),
541:
502:
160:
2136:
2034:
1128:
729:
2304:
1329:
1029:
Meyer, W.; Bockting, W. O.; Cohen-Kettenis, P.; Coleman, E.; et al. (2001).
300:
during a period where there was no clinical consensus on how and when to provide
1428:
506:
420:
404:
289:
2187:
1767:
1080:(Report). World Professional Association for Transgender Health. Archived from
2363:
2085:
1867:
1706:
1669:
1542:
1416:
1368:
1193:
372:
2454:"Transcript: Dr. Marci Bowers on "Face the Nation," July 23, 2023 - CBS News"
2312:
2257:
2195:
2144:
2093:
2042:
1935:
1927:
1852:
1776:
1677:
1617:
1564:
Allee, Kegan M. "Harry Benjamin International Gender Dysphoria Association".
1550:
1494:
1470:
1376:
1337:
1312:
Corneil, Trevor A.; Eisfeld, Justus H.; Botzer, Marsha (September 20, 2010).
1260:
1201:
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932:
803:
737:
988:
623:
180:
87:
2371:
2320:
2265:
2249:
2203:
1943:
1828:
1794:
1685:
1635:
1502:
1154:
977:"The Standards of Care for Gender Identity Disorders [5th Edition]"
821:
755:
28:
1971:
1844:
1252:
1209:
1049:
940:
794:
776:
Selvaggi, Gennaro; Dhejne, Cecilia; Landen, Mikael; Elander, Anna (2012).
2119:
Colebunders, Britt; De Cuypere, Griet; Monstrey, Stan (October 2, 2015).
1351:
Monstrey, Stan; Vercruysse, Herman; De Cuypere, Griet (August 31, 2009).
1015:
324:
Standards of Care for the Health of Transgender and Gender Diverse People
318:
Standards of Care for the Health of Transgender and Gender Diverse People
306:
Standards of Care for the Health of Transgender and Gender Diverse People
2397:
1486:
924:
684:. World Professional Association for Transgender Health. Archived from
440:
1981:
1660:. Clinical Issues and Affirmative Treatment with Transgender Clients.
1609:
1419:. In Trombetta, Carlo; Liguori, Giovanni; Bertolotto, Michele (eds.).
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The hormonal and surgical sex reassignment of gender dysphoric persons
1004:"The Standards of Care for Gender Identity Disorders – Sixth Version"
685:
2172:"Moving Beyond Psychiatric Gatekeeping for Gender-Affirming Surgery"
1976:. Washington: American Psychological Association. pp. 417–438.
1525:
Matte, Nicholas; Devor, Aaron H.; Vladicka, Theresa (May 12, 2009).
1031:"The Standards of Care for Gender Identity Disorders, Sixth Version"
2017:
Mallory, Allen; Brown, Jennifer; Conner, Stacy; Henry, Una (2017).
464:
2232:
Poteat, Tonia; Davis, Andrew M.; Gonzalez, Alex (June 6, 2023).
1288:"Pseudoscience Has Long Been Used to Oppress Transgender People"
514:
498:
479:
459:
1808:
Levine, Stephen; Althof, Stanley; Risen, Candace, eds. (2011).
296:
people. WPATH was founded in 1979 and named HBIGDA in honor of
1810:
Handbook of Clinical Sexuality for Mental Health Professionals
1721:"Trans Care within and against the Medical-Industrial Complex"
1417:"Gender Dysphoria: Definition and Evolution Through the Years"
494:
no longer require surgery or sterilization as a prerequisite.
2234:"Standards of Care for Transgender and Gender Diverse People"
1421:
Management of Gender Dysphoria: A Multidisciplinary Approach
490:
became the first transgender president of the organization.
1868:"Poor standards of trans health care threaten trans health"
2348:"Assessment of Transgender and Gender-Diverse Adolescents"
2427:
2352:
Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America
270:
Harry Benjamin International Gender Dysphoria Association
254:
Harry Benjamin International Gender Dysphoria Association
232:
2170:
Wu, Catherine A.; Keuroghlian, Alex S. (March 1, 2023).
609:
Form 990: Return of Organization Exempt from Income Tax
1237:"The Standards of Care for Gender Identity Disorders"
620:
World Professional Association for Transgender Health
574:
World Professional Association For Transgender Health
262:
World Professional Association for Transgender Health
22:
World Professional Association for Transgender Health
707:
705:
703:
1068:
1066:
248:
227:
214:
203:
190:
178:
166:
152:
140:
127:
115:
101:
93:
83:
71:
61:
43:
35:
1910:de Graaf, Nastasja M; Carmichael, Polly (2019).
1812:. New York, New York, United States of America:
1744:
1742:
1740:
1738:
1736:
1734:
1410:
1408:
1406:
771:
769:
767:
765:
2575:International medical and health organizations
2570:Transgender organizations in the United States
2227:
2225:
1647:
1645:
1404:
1402:
1400:
1398:
1396:
1394:
1392:
1390:
1388:
1386:
280:devoted to the understanding and treatment of
1587:
1585:
1520:
1518:
1516:
1514:
1512:
1464:
1462:
1460:
1458:
1456:
1454:
1452:
1450:
1448:
8:
1702:SRS Without a One Year RLE: Still No Regrets
1652:Fraser, Lin; Knudson, Gail (March 1, 2017).
1286:Rosenthal, G. Samantha (February 12, 2024).
682:"Executive Committee and Board of Directors"
21:
1833:Journal of Psychology & Human Sexuality
1241:Journal of Psychology & Human Sexuality
1176:Midence, Kenny; Hargreaves, Isabel (1997).
1117:International Journal of Transgender Health
1038:Journal of Psychology & Human Sexuality
718:International Journal of Transgender Health
2580:Non-profit organizations based in Illinois
1874:. Vol. 142, no. 61. pp. C10
603:
601:
599:
597:
288:, and creating standardized treatment for
240:
27:
20:
1784:
1766:
1625:
1144:
811:
793:
745:
1916:Clinical Child Psychology and Psychiatry
568:
566:
401:International Gender Dysphoria Symposium
2125:International Journal of Transgenderism
2074:International Journal of Transgenderism
1531:International Journal of Transgenderism
1357:International Journal of Transgenderism
1318:International Journal of Transgenderism
1106:
1104:
1102:
1008:International Journal of Transgenderism
981:International Journal of Transgenderism
676:
674:
672:
670:
562:
2327:from the original on September 5, 2024
2049:from the original on September 5, 2024
2023:The American Journal of Family Therapy
1998:from the original on September 5, 2024
1950:from the original on September 5, 2024
652:from the original on November 14, 2023
2434:from the original on November 3, 2020
2100:from the original on February 9, 2024
1899:(Press release). WPATH. May 26, 2010.
7:
2493:from the original on August 26, 2024
2464:from the original on August 26, 2024
2297:Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery
2272:from the original on August 27, 2024
2210:from the original on August 27, 2024
1658:Psychiatric Clinics of North America
522:, and the treatment of adolescents.
2151:from the original on April 10, 2024
1699:Lawrence, Anne (November 4, 2001).
513:In 2022 the current edition of the
389:Transsexualism and Sex Reassignment
2489:(BA thesis). University of Maine.
2408:from the original on June 12, 2018
2378:from the original on July 10, 2024
2068:Meyer, Walter J. (July 20, 2009).
1568:. Vol. 1. SAGE. p. 402.
1566:Encyclopedia of gender and society
1423:. Springer Milan. pp. 19–31.
1216:from the original on June 19, 2022
636:Bowers, Marci (January 11, 2021).
367:In 1966, Harry Benjamin published
14:
2585:Organizations established in 1979
1267:from the original on May 12, 2024
2560:International LGBT organizations
2533: This article incorporates
2528:
2515: This article incorporates
2510:
304:. WPATH is mostly known for the
1866:Cole, Althea (March 10, 2024).
431:The initial Standards of Care,
381:Erickson Educational Foundation
2565:LGBT professional associations
585:Tax Exempt Organization Search
1:
2137:10.1080/15532739.2015.1081086
2035:10.1080/01926187.2016.1223563
1129:10.1080/26895269.2022.2100644
730:10.1080/26895269.2022.2100644
2346:Leibowitz, Scott F. (2023).
2305:10.1097/PRS.0000000000011192
1330:10.1080/15532739.2010.509205
591:. Retrieved October 4, 2018.
351:and psychoanalysis, such as
1429:10.1007/978-88-470-5696-1_3
913:Archives of Sexual Behavior
423:, and transgender activist
49:; 45 years ago
2606:
2188:10.1001/jamasurg.2022.5828
1894:"WPATH "depath statement""
1768:10.3389/fpsyt.2022.1006024
369:The Transsexual Phenomenon
315:
2483:Cross, Alexander (2023).
2364:10.1016/j.chc.2023.05.009
2086:10.1080/15532730903008065
1670:10.1016/j.psc.2016.10.012
1543:10.1080/15532730902799979
1369:10.1080/15532730903383799
1194:10.1080/00223989709603842
1182:The Journal of Psychology
480:Standards of Care (SOC) 6
278:professional organization
26:
2555:Transgender and medicine
2398:"Membership Information"
1928:10.1177/1359104518812924
1592:Dewey, Jodie M. (2015).
589:Internal Revenue Service
537:speech and voice therapy
437:Gender Identity Disorder
415:, Charles Reynolds Jr.,
1755:Frontiers in Psychiatry
355:' work. Others such as
2250:10.1001/jama.2023.8121
548:Regional organizations
470:
1845:10.1300/j056v13n01_01
1475:American Psychologist
1253:10.1300/J056v11n02_01
1050:10.1300/J056v13n01_01
639:Dear WPATH Membership
468:
302:gender-affirming care
106:East Dundee, Illinois
1814:Taylor & Francis
1415:Fraser, Lin (2015).
991:on December 5, 1998.
964:on February 27, 2004
626:. December 31, 2016.
148:Walter Pierre Bouman
2590:Transgender studies
1598:Health Expectations
1292:Scientific American
1014:(1). Archived from
987:(2). Archived from
795:10.1155/2012/581712
782:Advances in Urology
520:gender incongruence
515:Standards of Care 8
345:Christine Jorgensen
47:September 1979
23:
1487:10.1037/amp0000545
1059:on March 17, 2024.
925:10.1007/BF01541354
688:on October 4, 2018
614:2022-06-18 at the
579:2018-10-04 at the
471:
349:reparative therapy
2460:. July 23, 2023.
2244:(21): 1872–1874.
1991:978-1-4338-2306-0
1982:10.1037/15959-017
1709:on June 23, 2018.
1610:10.1111/hex.12133
1575:978-1-4129-0916-7
1438:978-88-470-5696-1
1123:(sup1): S1–S259.
1087:on March 27, 2018
846:978-1-58765-263-9
724:(sup1): S1–S259.
387:and Money's book
312:Standards of Care
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286:gender dysphoria
268:), formerly the
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488:Stephen Whittle
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361:Ole Ivar Lovaas
341:
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282:gender identity
251:
250:Formerly called
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186:Loren Schechter
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474:2001 - present
472:
456:real life test
449:feedback loops
447:. This led to
428:months later.
417:Paul A. Walker
413:Donald R. Laub
396:
393:
353:Robert Stoller
340:
337:
335:
332:
316:Main article:
313:
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298:Harry Benjamin
294:gender variant
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445:Richard Green
442:
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418:
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410:
409:Richard Green
406:
402:
394:
392:
390:
386:
385:Richard Green
382:
378:
377:Reed Erickson
374:
370:
365:
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358:
357:George Rekers
354:
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67:
64:
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46:
42:
38:
34:
30:
25:
19:
2527:
2526:
2509:
2508:
2495:. Retrieved
2485:
2478:
2466:. Retrieved
2457:
2448:
2436:. Retrieved
2422:
2410:. Retrieved
2401:
2392:
2380:. Retrieved
2355:
2351:
2341:
2329:. Retrieved
2296:
2286:
2274:. Retrieved
2241:
2237:
2212:. Retrieved
2179:
2176:JAMA Surgery
2175:
2165:
2153:. Retrieved
2128:
2124:
2114:
2102:. Retrieved
2077:
2073:
2063:
2051:. Retrieved
2029:(1): 27–36.
2026:
2022:
2012:
2000:. Retrieved
1972:
1964:
1952:. Retrieved
1919:
1915:
1905:
1888:
1876:. Retrieved
1871:
1861:
1836:
1832:
1822:
1809:
1803:
1758:
1754:
1724:
1715:
1707:the original
1701:
1694:
1664:(1): 15–27.
1661:
1657:
1601:
1597:
1565:
1559:
1537:(1): 42–52.
1534:
1530:
1478:
1474:
1420:
1360:
1356:
1346:
1321:
1317:
1307:
1295:. Retrieved
1291:
1281:
1269:. Retrieved
1244:
1240:
1230:
1218:. Retrieved
1185:
1181:
1171:
1120:
1116:
1089:. Retrieved
1082:the original
1054:the original
1041:
1037:
1024:
1016:the original
1011:
1007:
997:
989:the original
984:
980:
970:
962:the original
956:
949:
919:(1): 79–90.
916:
912:
906:
896:
889:
879:
872:
862:
855:
836:
830:
785:
781:
721:
717:
690:. Retrieved
686:the original
661:
656:November 14,
654:. Retrieved
638:
631:
619:
584:
551:
542:Marci Bowers
534:
526:Organization
512:
503:hysterectomy
496:
492:
485:
477:
453:
432:
430:
398:
375:. In 1969,
366:
342:
328:
321:
273:
269:
265:
261:
259:
161:Marci Bowers
119:
102:Headquarters
84:Legal status
36:Abbreviation
18:
16:Organization
1872:The Gazette
1839:(1): 1–30.
1247:(2): 1–34.
1044:(1): 1–30.
507:orchiectomy
460:5th version
425:Jude Patton
421:Leo Wollman
405:Jack Berger
290:transgender
210:$ 1,144,284
199:$ 1,245,915
129:Membership
2549:Categories
2497:August 25,
2468:August 26,
2382:August 27,
2331:August 27,
2276:August 27,
2214:August 27,
2155:August 27,
2104:August 27,
2053:August 27,
2002:August 27,
1954:August 27,
1878:August 25,
1297:August 26,
1271:August 26,
1220:August 26,
1091:August 25,
557:References
531:Membership
373:John Money
339:Background
216:Employees
79:94-2675140
74:Tax ID no.
2539:CC BY 4.0
2521:CC BY 3.0
2313:0032-1052
2258:0098-7484
2196:2168-6254
2145:1553-2739
2094:1553-2739
2043:0192-6187
1936:1359-1045
1853:0890-7064
1777:1664-0640
1678:0193-953X
1618:1369-6513
1551:1553-2739
1495:1935-990X
1377:1553-2739
1338:1553-2739
1261:0890-7064
1202:0022-3980
1163:252127302
1137:2689-5269
933:0004-0002
804:1687-6369
738:2689-5269
645:. WPATH.
624:Guidestar
439:" to the
395:1979-2000
383:, funded
204:Expenses
181:Treasurer
174:Asa Radix
169:Secretary
143:President
88:501(c)(3)
44:Formation
2541:license.
2523:license.
2491:Archived
2462:Archived
2432:Archived
2406:Archived
2376:Archived
2372:37739629
2325:Archived
2321:37943690
2270:Archived
2266:37200007
2208:Archived
2204:36515959
2149:Archived
2098:Archived
2047:Archived
1996:Archived
1948:Archived
1944:30482053
1795:36339880
1686:28159141
1636:24102959
1503:31697127
1265:Archived
1214:Archived
1155:36238954
822:22654902
788:: 1–13.
756:36238954
692:March 3,
647:Archived
612:Archived
577:Archived
276:), is a
192:Revenue
116:Products
2438:June 9,
2428:"WPATH"
2412:June 9,
1786:9630738
1627:5060816
1210:9390414
1146:9553112
941:3977585
813:3359659
747:9553112
441:DSM-III
334:History
308:(SOC).
228:Website
94:Purpose
54:1979-09
52: (
2370:
2319:
2311:
2264:
2256:
2202:
2194:
2143:
2092:
2041:
1988:
1942:
1934:
1851:
1793:
1783:
1775:
1684:
1676:
1634:
1624:
1616:
1572:
1549:
1501:
1493:
1435:
1375:
1336:
1259:
1208:
1200:
1161:
1153:
1143:
1135:
939:
931:
843:
820:
810:
802:
754:
744:
736:
274:HBIGDA
235:.wpath
218:(2016)
206:(2016)
194:(2016)
131:(2021)
2402:WPATH
1897:(PDF)
1159:S2CID
1085:(PDF)
1078:(PDF)
1057:(PDF)
1034:(PDF)
650:(PDF)
643:(PDF)
499:SOC 7
266:WPATH
136:2,700
39:WPATH
2535:text
2517:text
2499:2024
2470:2024
2440:2018
2414:2018
2384:2024
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