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323:. Worsted preparation refers to the way the fibre is prepared before spinning, using ginning machines which force the fibre staples to lie parallel to each other. Once these fibres have been made into a top, they are then combed to remove the short fibres. The long fibres are combined in subsequent gilling machines to again make the fibres parallel. This produces overlapping untwisted strands called
783:
187:
Both worsted and woolen spun wool are used for knitted fabrics. Worsted wool fabric is typically used in the making of tailored garments such as suits. In tropical-weight worsteds, the use of tightly spun, straightened wool combined with a looser weave permits air to flow through the fabric. Worsted
401:
Super numbers represent the fineness of the worsted wool fiber used in the fabric. The higher the number, such as Super 100s, 120s, or 150s, the finer the wool thread is. The actual number is calculated by the maximum number of hanks of wool that can be spun into one pound of wool. For example, if
260:
Though both made of wool, worsted and woollens undergo different manufacturing steps resulting in significantly different cloths. In worsteds, which undergo more spinning steps, the natural crimp of the wool fiber is removed in the process of spinning the yarn while it is retained in woolens, and
337:
are often used to spin worsted yarn. Many hand spinners buy their fibre in roving or top form. Top and roving are ropelike in appearance, in that they can be thick and long. While some mills put a slight twist in the rovings they make, it is not enough twist to be a yarn. The fibres in top and
261:
woollens are produced with short-staple yarns while worsted cloths need longer staple length. When woven, the yarns in worsted cloth lie parallel. Woollen materials are soft and bulky with fuzzy surfaces, while worsted is smoother. There are different terms in use for describing the
379:, the spinners keep their hands very close to each other. The fibres are held fanned out in one hand while the other hand pulls a small number from the mass. The twist is kept between the second hand and the wheel—there is never any twist between the two hands.
657:
587:
Textiles in
America 1650-1870 : a dictionary based on original documents, prints and paintings, commercial records, American merchants' papers, shopkeepers' advertisements, and pattern books with original swatches of
251:
are often made from worsted yarn. Worsted fabric made from wool has a natural recovery, meaning that it is resilient and quickly returns to its natural shape, but non-glossy worsted will shine with use or abrasion.
410:
Before the introduction of automatic machinery, there was little difficulty in attaining a straight fibre, as long wool was always used, and the sliver was made up by hand, using combs. The introduction of
795:
387:
According to the Craft Yarn
Council, the term "Worsted Weight", also known as "Afghan", "Aran", or simply "Medium", refers to a particular weight of yarn that produces a
402:
you can spin 100 hanks each 560 yards long, the resulting wool is classified as Super 100s. Generally, the higher the super number, the lighter the weight of the fabric.
19:
804:
640:
596:
534:
948:
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832:
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1021:
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696:
Woollen & Worsted Raw
Materials: Covering the Syllabus of the City and Guilds of London Examinations in These Subjects
153:(though both are made from sheep's wool): the former is considered stronger, finer, smoother, and harder than the latter.
327:. Worsted spinning refers to using a worsted technique, which produces a smooth yarn in which the fibres lie parallel.
145:
rendered the East
Anglian soil too rich for the older agrarian sheep breeds. In the same period, many weavers from the
1234:
1128:
694:
419:
in 1771, and the later introduction of cap and mule spinning machines, required perfectly prepared slivers. Many
165:
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of 16–20 stitches per 4 inches of stockinette, and is best knitted with 4.5mm to 5.5mm needles (US size 7–9).
216:
448:
338:
rovings all lie parallel to one another along the length, which makes top ideal for spinning worsted yarns.
157:
23:
A blue worsted wool girl's dress from the United States, made in approximately 1878, from the collection of
1214:
1148:
1143:
941:
395:
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180:(using heated long-tooth metal combs), oiled and finally spun. When woven, worsteds were scoured but not
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348:, to ensure that the fibres all run the same direction, butt-end (for wool, the end that was cut in
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One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the
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906:- Lists recommended needle sizes, gauge, etc., for the various yarn weight categories.
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137:, formed a manufacturing centre for yarn and cloth in the 12th century, when pasture
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The term worsted, in relation to textile yarn weight, is defined as the number of
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1092:
1001:
478:
416:
115:
107:
527:
Yarnitecture: A Knitter's Guide to
Spinning: Building Exactly the Yarn You Want
1097:
1061:
739:
709:
Booth, J.E. (1964). Principles of
Textile Testing. London: Temple Press Books.
544:
353:
808:. Vol. 28 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 805–816.
427:) before further processing, to ensure straight fibres and to distribute the
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yarns, used to create worsted fabric, are spun from fibres that have been
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moved to
Norfolk. "Worsted" yarns/fabrics are distinct from
319:
Many spinners differentiate between worsted preparation and
46:
926:
591:. Internet Archive. New York ; London : Norton.
398:, each with a length of 560 yards, that weigh one pound.
78:
728:(2nd ed.). London, England: Longmans, Green, And Co.
87:
55:
525:
449:"Worstead Heritage Trail | Worstead Parish Council"
156:
Worsted was made from the long-staple pasture wool from
423:
used one or more preparatory combing machines (called
81:
75:
49:
43:
356:
is used in spinning worsted fibres (as opposed to a
265:
of textile materials. The wool trade term for it is
90:
84:
58:
52:
1121:
1075:
1029:
964:
297:The essential feature of worsted yarn is straight,
72:
40:
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451:. Worsteadpc.norfolkparishes.gov.uk. 26 July 2012
231:, is lightweight and has a coarse texture. The
942:
8:
761:"Wool Suit Fabric "Super" Numbers Explained"
719:
717:
715:
674:"Manufacturing of Worsted and Woolen Yarns"
618:. Emmott & Company Limited. p. 52.
352:the sheep) to tip, and remain parallel. A
949:
935:
927:
498:The wool textile industry in Great Britain
312:to create worsted yarn; today, other long
277:suggests the material's harsh hand feel.
227:Worsted cloth, archaically also known as
121:, "enclosure place"), a village in the
632:Woollen and Worsted Woven Fabric Design
565:Woollen And Worsted Woven Fabric Design
440:
16:Fabrics manufactured from worsted yarns
796:Wool, Worsted and Woollen Manufactures
556:
554:
529:. Storey Publishing. pp. 41–42.
273:cloth being soft to the touch, while
7:
922:joyofhandspinning.com on Dutch combs
849:Warp and Weft: A Textile Terminology
176:; instead it was washed, gilled and
615:Woolen and Worsted Yarn Manufacture
500:. Routledge Keegan Paul. pp.
239:or plain. Twilled fabrics such as
14:
656:McLaren, Walter Stowe B. (1884).
98:) is a high-quality type of wool
1020:
781:
584:Montgomery, Florence M. (1984).
471:"Worstead History - The Village"
110:category. The name derives from
68:
36:
794:Barker, Aldred Farrer (1911). "
569:. Woodhead Publishing. p.
896:New International Encyclopedia
827:. Princeton University Press.
726:Principles of Worsted Spinning
629:Gilligan, E. G. (2004-01-05).
129:. That village, together with
1:
876:. London: Temple Press Books.
874:Principles of Textile Testing
740:"Standard Yarn Weight System"
899:. 1905. pp. 640 to 643.
659:Spinning woollen and worsted
904:Standard Yarn Weight System
693:Hind, John Richard (1934).
612:Radcliffe, John W. (1953).
561:Gilligan, Grant E. (2004).
106:made from this yarn, and a
1251:
724:Priestman, Howard (1921).
699:. Ernest Benn. p. 40.
1129:Cotton-spinning machinery
1018:
492:Jenkins, Geraint (1972).
304:. Originally, long, fine
281:Technique and preparation
220:A former worsted mill in
910:Woolen and Worsted Yarns
823:Barber, E.J.W. (1991).
805:Encyclopædia Britannica
635:. Elsevier. p. 7.
289:Worsted yarn made from
172:. Pasture wool was not
1149:Magnetic ring spinning
1144:DREF friction spinning
742:. Craftyarncouncil.com
294:
224:
166:Old Leicester Longwool
28:
1154:Mule spinners' cancer
481:on 27 September 2011.
288:
222:Hudson, Massachusetts
219:
22:
1189:Wool combing machine
872:Booth, J.E. (1964).
855:Royal Ontario Museum
825:Prehistoric Textiles
256:Worsted and woollens
1122:Industrial spinning
1076:Hand spinning tools
843:Burnham, Dorothy K.
367:, spun from combed
1235:Textile treatments
915:2008-01-24 at the
475:www.worstead.co.uk
295:
225:
147:County of Flanders
29:
1197:
1196:
1139:Open-end spinning
642:978-1-84569-317-6
598:978-0-393-01703-8
536:978-1-61212-521-3
413:Richard Arkwright
188:is also used for
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1113:Spinner's weasel
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316:are also used.
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1179:Throstle frame
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1169:Spinning jenny
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1164:Spinning frame
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882:External links
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363:In short draw
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890:"Wool"
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765:. Retrieved
763:. 2019-04-22
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744:. Retrieved
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677:. Retrieved
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479:the original
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455:15 September
453:. Retrieved
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342:Worsted-spun
341:
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186:
170:Romney Marsh
158:sheep breeds
155:
118:
31:
30:
1184:Water frame
1093:Niddy noddy
494:"Chapter 2"
417:water frame
306:staple wool
235:is usually
212:Manufacture
116:Old English
108:yarn weight
1204:Categories
1098:Nostepinne
1062:Short draw
1030:Techniques
767:2024-09-16
746:2013-09-15
679:2021-05-31
545:1090567721
511:0710069790
435:References
425:gill-boxes
406:Automation
354:short draw
162:Teeswaters
125:county of
119:Wurðestede
1057:Scutching
1052:Long draw
965:Materials
429:lubricant
358:long draw
245:gabardine
139:enclosure
1210:Spinning
1047:Heckling
958:Spinning
913:Archived
845:(1980).
431:evenly.
377:wool top
365:spinning
350:shearing
335:wool top
299:parallel
263:softness
241:whipcord
194:clothing
160:such as
151:woollens
112:Worstead
1225:Norfolk
1103:Spindle
1088:Distaff
1042:Combing
1037:Carding
1012:Worsted
802:(ed.).
792::
325:slivers
269:, with
198:hosiery
190:carpets
135:Aylsham
127:Norfolk
123:English
32:Worsted
1007:Woolen
992:Staple
987:Sliver
982:Roving
861:
831:
798:". In
786:
639:
595:
543:
533:
508:
383:Weight
373:sliver
369:roving
346:combed
331:Roving
314:fibres
302:fibres
291:Merino
267:handle
202:gloves
182:fulled
178:combed
174:carded
143:liming
114:(from
104:fabric
102:, the
977:Rolag
588:cloth
502:26–33
389:gauge
249:serge
237:twill
233:weave
229:stuff
206:baize
1230:Yarn
1220:Wool
972:Noil
859:ISBN
829:ISBN
637:ISBN
593:ISBN
541:OCLC
531:ISBN
506:ISBN
457:2013
333:and
310:spun
308:was
293:wool
247:and
204:and
168:and
141:and
133:and
100:yarn
1002:Tow
997:Top
415:'s
375:or
360:).
66:or
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
