287:
279:
782:
42:
464:
715:
472:
1840:
1928:
2448:
673:
456:
186:(founded 1345, and whose trade was described in 1365 as the "Mistery of Grossers, Pepperers and Apothecaries"). In the 14th and 15th centuries, the Grocers, Pepperers, Spicers and Apothecaries were the trades constituting the Fraternity of St Anthony. Before that, apothecaries had been Spicer-Apothecaries or Spicers since the 12th century.
368:(Daphne and Apollo), which describes what Apollo says when he and Daphne are struck by Cupid's arrows but Daphne flees from him (Cupid – whose power had been doubted by Apollo – shot a golden arrow at Apollo but a leaden one at Daphne). This puts the motto in context and makes it particularly relevant to apothecaries:
507:. From then until 1922, the society manufactured medicinal and pharmaceutical products at their hall, and sold some of their products from a retail outlet opening onto Water Lane (now Blackfriars Lane). Many were to supply clients who included the navy, army, the East India Company and the Crown Colonies.
722:
At least 80% of the membership of the
Society are required to be medical practitioners, and at least 85% must be medically qualified or registered pharmacists. In fact, the membership is predominantly made up of prominent physicians (rather than surgeons who, for historical reasons, are more likely
502:
in 1666, including the Friary guesthouse, which constituted most of it, although part of the 13th-century buildings remain, including a 9-metre-high (30 ft) portion of the walls, now incorporated into the north range of the hall courtyard. A new hall was built on the same site and completed in
756:
Members of the Court wear dark-blue gowns with gold facings. The Master and
Wardens have chains of office and particular traditional robes – the Master's trimmed with musquash, the wardens' trimmed with fitch. Liverymen are "clothed" upon attaining that rank (modernly with a solicitor's-type black
698:
The
Society of Apothecaries operates an Archive which is referred to as 'The Collection' on their website. In 2002, the Archive received Heritage Lottery funding. Today the Archive is active with a "Friends of the Archives" group and a number of events throughout the year. Many people use it to
396:
is a rhinoceros. The unicorns may have been a compliment to James I, and the horns of unicorns and of the rhinoceros are reputed to be of medical use. The illustration of the crest in the Grant is based on Dürer's 1515 depiction of a rhinoceros, an animal which he had never seen but which he drew
689:
hosts several eponymous lectures throughout the year. The lectures in this series are named after persons significant to the
Apothecaries' Society and medicine in general: Monckton Copeman, Geoffrey Flavell, John Locke, Osler, Sydenham, Sir Hans Sloane, and Gideon de Laune. The Livery Committee
595:
Thus, the society's innovation may be seen to have nurtured the recognition and establishment in the UK of pharmacy and medical specialisms (and the subsequent founding of their specialist royal colleges and faculties) including for
General Practice, Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Occupational
262:
The
Society throughout its history has been a pioneer in the nurturing of medical specialist knowledge, including for general medical practice, obstetrics, occupational medicine, public health medicine, legal & forensic medicine and GU medicine, through its qualifications and educational
1916:
680:
The
Apothecaries have active event calendars for members, friends and the public. The Apothecaries' building is open each year to the public during Open House Day. The Apothecaries host lectures and dinners organised for the Society or for the Faculties. The
286:
846:
586:
Since 1928, when the society instituted the first postgraduate qualification in
Midwifery (the Mastery of Midwifery, MMSA), the Apothecaries have pioneered 15 further such diplomas in specialist subjects not offered by the universities,
383:
Medicine is my invention, throughout the world I am called the bringer of help, and the power of herbs is under my control alas for me, love cannot be cured by herbs, so the skills which help everyone else do not benefit their master.
1909:
768:
The chief operating officer of the
Society is its Clerk and the hall is managed by the Beadle. The Clerk wears a black solicitor's gown trimmed with blue ribbons, and the Beadle's robe is decorated with miniature hanging rosettes.
302:) on 12 December 1617, less than a week after receiving its royal charter; the efficiency possibly indicating some planning of the break from the Grocers' Company. The society was not as speedy in settling its bill from the
1902:
655:
In addition to this professional qualifications role, the present-day
Society also sponsors students and lecturers at UK Medical and Pharmacy Schools, and organises courses and public lectures through two faculties: the
591:
or any other medical body. This includes the diploma in the Forensic and Clinical Aspects of Sexual Assault (2009–14), the administration of which was taken up by the Faculty of Forensic and Legal Medicine in 2014.
772:
Other roles in the society include the Dean (a senior member who oversees the educational functions), the Registrar (who directs the examinations' department), the Curator, and the Presidents of the Faculties.
2286:
2218:
525:
In addition to providing qualifications in, and regulation of, the trade of the apothecary and dispensing, the Apothecaries' Society offered primary medical qualifications until 1999. This began after the
1704:
1244:
41:
2531:
1709:
1684:
686:
657:
2413:
1894:
541:
was established by statute in 1858, the LSA became a registrable qualification. From 1885, the examination included surgery, obstetrics and gynaecology, which were required by law following the
376:
Inventum medicina meum est, opiferque per orbem dicor, et herbarum subiecta potentia nobis. Hei mihi, quod nullis amor est medicabilis herbis; nec prosunt domino, quae prosunt omnibus, artes!
1958:
1634:
517:
The hall is the oldest standing livery hall of the city, with the first-floor structure and arrangement of the Great Hall, Court Room and Parlour remaining as rebuilt between 1668 and 1670.
2516:
2521:
2452:
2526:
1509:
1539:
1237:
2536:
2223:
2271:
1885:
1694:
1644:
278:
2228:
1774:
1230:
1794:
2428:
2301:
1932:
1649:
781:
1814:
1799:
1759:
1714:
1459:
1384:
682:
661:
1804:
412:
usually associated with a peer. This is specific and unusual, although it is not unique (peers' helmets are also borne with some apparent authority by the
2238:
1764:
1163:
231:
gave the Society the power to license and regulate medical practitioners throughout England and Wales. The Society retained this role as a member of the
842:
703:
1864:
1699:
1479:
1784:
1594:
440:
2506:
2345:
1609:
514:
facing in the courtyard and new west and south ranges. The Hall's appearance has altered little since even though it saw renovation in the 1980s.
743:
Liverymen (Full members of the Society, all of whom are Freemen of the City of London. Liverymen are in two classes, "guardant" and "couchant".)
463:
189:
Having sought autonomy for many years, the apothecaries finally separated from the Grocers' Company on 6 December 1617 when they were granted a
2233:
1689:
1574:
1414:
1379:
1309:
152:
2366:
1669:
1664:
2359:
2281:
2213:
1349:
534:. c. 194), followed by further acts of Parliament. The title of the original licence was Licentiate of the Society of Apothecaries (LSA).
2467:
2296:
1943:
1854:
1824:
1779:
1629:
1374:
583:
sat this exam in 1917, studying for which is likely to have served her well in her description of more than 80 poisonings in her books.
2541:
2291:
1859:
1809:
1789:
1769:
1754:
1624:
1614:
1599:
1534:
1334:
1314:
1131:
206:
435:
is purely traditional, though – the charter and grant themselves use both terms, as do grants to other City companies (including the
1739:
1579:
1569:
1504:
1474:
1409:
1324:
1294:
549:
c. 48), and in 1907 the title was altered by act of Parliament to LMSSA to reflect this. The society ceased to be recognised by the
421:
413:
2423:
2253:
1719:
1679:
1654:
1619:
1589:
1499:
1494:
1434:
1404:
1299:
1217:
685:
hold two lectures each year which are open to the public: the Audrey Few Lecture and the Elizabeth Garrett Anderson Lecture. The
444:
417:
235:
until 1999; the Society could license doctors thereafter, but did so rarely since the dissolution of the United Examining Board.
164:
714:
2276:
2248:
1819:
1744:
1729:
1724:
1639:
1604:
1524:
1519:
1514:
1469:
1354:
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1672 to the design of Edward Jerman; an "elaboratory" was included at this time for the first-ever large-scale manufacture of
397:
from a description, the dorsal horn may have been intended to be on the dorsum of its nose, rather than on the animal's back.
2243:
2176:
1874:
1749:
1734:
1559:
1549:
1444:
1439:
1429:
1419:
1399:
1394:
1389:
1329:
1304:
1022:
952:
761:
for the Master of Midwifery qualification (MMSA – ceased in 1963), a light-blue lambskin-faced robe with a blue/white epitoge
553:
as a provider of primary medical qualifications in 2008, although it had rarely issued any licences since 1999, the year the
815:, the four-acre (16,000 m²) garden became the richest collection of medicinal plants in Europe under the direction of
2208:
2126:
1948:
1674:
1584:
1554:
1544:
1529:
1489:
1484:
1464:
1454:
1364:
1359:
1344:
1319:
1289:
1284:
1279:
724:
436:
266:
The Apothecaries' Garden, established in 1673 by the Society to grow plants to be used as medicines, still exists as the
2352:
2156:
1829:
1659:
1424:
1369:
1048:
1449:
1339:
348:
The society motto – which, unusually, is specified in the blazon of the Grant of Arms and is therefore immutable – is
255:
568:(1865, thereby becoming the first openly female recipient of a UK medical qualification) and Nobel Prize winner Sir
246:(1865, thereby becoming the first openly female recipient of a UK medical qualification) and Nobel Prize winner Sir
2381:
2338:
699:
make enquiries regarding family history, the history of the Apothecaries' Society and other historical activities.
565:
243:
471:
159:. The Society's modern roles include educational, charitable and social activities, in addition to supporting the
2511:
2070:
480:
156:
64:
345:(the goddess of beauty, splendor, glory, magnificence and adornment). His usual attributes are a bow and arrow.
2373:
1869:
753:
The Master, Wardens and Assistants together constitute the "Court" which is the governing body of the Society.
560:
Notable people who qualified in medicine as a Licentiate of the Society of Apothecaries (LSA) include the poet
2166:
835:
820:
550:
538:
309:
Described in the blazon of the society's grant of arms of 1617 as "the inventor of physic" (i.e. medicine),
299:
17:
2418:
2141:
2010:
554:
232:
2403:
2398:
2030:
793:
588:
576:
527:
267:
238:
Amongst the notable people who qualified in medicine as a Licentiate of the Society (LSA) were the poet
228:
198:
579:
and 1998, the society also set the qualifying examination for Apothecaries' Assistants or Dispensers.
542:
144:. It is one of the largest livery companies (with over 1,600 members in 2012) and ranks 58th in their
2075:
1191:
828:
499:
217:
1222:
2323:
2111:
1973:
484:
183:
364:, meaning: "and throughout the world called help". The full quotation, from the first book of
968:
1157:
948:
901:
792:
The Society of Apothecaries is perhaps best known generally for its foundation in 1673 of the
401:
251:
194:
2060:
891:
883:
850:
797:
546:
510:
A major restoration and building programme was carried out in the 1780s, which included the
393:
221:
145:
1138:
1078:
2095:
2045:
936:
812:
580:
488:
357:
303:
2433:
2055:
1978:
1927:
1269:
1261:
1253:
896:
871:
295:
202:
160:
141:
137:
85:
702:
Due to its historical holdings, the Worshipful Society of Apothecaries is a member of
2500:
2121:
2015:
2000:
816:
282:
Shield and crest of the Apothecaries over the south gate of the Chelsea Physic Garden
190:
672:
2136:
2116:
2090:
600:
492:
317:
with his head radiant, overcoming pestilence which is represented pictorially by a
314:
179:
1026:
306:
however, as payment for the grant was not directed by the court until April 1620.
2050:
1988:
808:
804:
569:
455:
247:
1177:
2330:
2171:
847:
Register of Historic Parks and Gardens of Special Historic Interest in England
757:
robe and a blue/cream epitoge). The Society's only truly academic dress were:
561:
239:
2482:
2469:
2408:
2065:
2020:
1993:
1056:
531:
322:
193:
by James I. During the remainder of the 17th century its members (including
1192:"CHELSEA PHYSIC GARDEN, non Civil Parish - 1000147 | Historic England"
887:
834:
Jealously guarded during the Society's tenure, in 1983 the garden became a
905:
2131:
2035:
2005:
409:
213:
495:, was called Cobham House prior to its purchase by the society in 1632.
216:, meaning that apothecaries may be viewed as forerunners of present-day
2181:
2151:
2085:
2025:
1178:"Garden of Medicinal Plants Photo Gallery : Chelsea Physic Garden"
944:
603:
405:
400:
The illustration in the original grant of arms accords the society the
330:
2186:
2146:
2080:
824:
596:
Medicine, Public Health Medicine, and Forensic & Legal Medicine.
511:
361:
342:
326:
318:
310:
176:
27:
Livery company for pharmacists and physicians in the City of London
2219:
European Directorate for the Quality of Medicines & HealthCare
2161:
2040:
1983:
1257:
764:
a dark-blue gown with blue/gold facings for the Licentiate (LMSSA)
671:
618:
470:
454:
353:
338:
277:
2287:
European Federation of Pharmaceutical Industries and Associations
504:
334:
1933:
Pharmaceutical and biotechnology industry in the United Kingdom
1898:
1226:
1210:
919:
801:
687:
Faculty of the History and Philosophy of Medicine and Pharmacy
658:
Faculty of the History and Philosophy of Medicine and Pharmacy
370:
123:
2414:
European and Developing Countries Clinical Trials Partnership
1106:
819:. Its seed exchange programme, originally initiated with the
872:"The Worshipful Society of Apothecaries of London—1617–1967"
609:
212:, which effectively gave apothecaries the right to practice
740:
21 Assistants (and a small number of Assistants emeriti)
201:
members' monopoly of practising medicine. In 1704, the
606:
in the following fields (with year of establishment):
392:
The society's supporters are golden unicorns, and its
321:(a "serpent" in the blazon). Apollo was the father of
2532:
Professional associations based in the United Kingdom
737:
Two Wardens (The "Senior Warden" and "Junior Warden")
730:
The members of the Society are (in descending rank):
690:
organises regular events for members of the Society.
1008:
749:
Apprentices (not technically members of the Society)
2391:
2315:
2262:
2224:
Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency
2199:
2104:
1966:
1957:
1847:
1268:
498:Much of the original building was destroyed in the
118:
108:
100:
92:
76:
60:
48:
2272:Association of the British Pharmaceutical Industry
1886:Category:Organisations based in the City of London
329:(goddess of health, cleanliness, and sanitation),
2517:Medical associations based in the United Kingdom
2424:List of world's largest pharmaceutical companies
1009:"The Faculty of Forensic & Legal Medicine -"
205:overturned a ruling of the Queen's Bench in the
175:Prior to the foundation of the Society in 1617,
2229:National Collaborating Centre for Mental Health
920:"Home - The Worshipful Society of Apothecaries"
408:(noble), and the text specifies the red/white
290:Apothecary tile with the society arms, c. 1665
2522:Pharmaceutical industry in the United Kingdom
2429:Pharmaceutical Services Negotiating Committee
2302:Royal Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain
1910:
1238:
983:The Armorial Bearings of the Guilds of London
838:and opened to the public for the first time.
8:
2527:Pharmacy organisations in the United Kingdom
683:Faculty of Conflict and Catastrophe Medicine
662:Faculty of Conflict and Catastrophe Medicine
32:
18:Worshipful Society of Apothecaries of London
843:the London Museums of Health & Medicine
704:The London Museums of Health & Medicine
2537:Pharmacy-related professional associations
2239:Pharmaceutical Society of Northern Ireland
1963:
1917:
1903:
1895:
1245:
1231:
1223:
1101:
1099:
356:part-quotation from Ovid referring to the
31:
895:
1710:Chartered Secretaries and Administrators
1685:Tobacco Pipe Makers and Tobacco Blenders
827:being planted for the first time in the
800:and the second oldest in Britain. After
780:
713:
462:
337:(goddess of recuperation from illness),
285:
2346:British National Formulary for Children
862:
487:. The building, originally part of the
153:London Museums of Health & Medicine
2234:Pharmaceutical Price Regulation Scheme
1162:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
1155:
981:some material from Bromley and Child,
643:Tropical Medicine & Hygiene (2024)
521:Education, history, and qualifications
155:and its guild church is the Church of
2367:Monthly Index of Medical Specialities
1855:Parish Clerks (Worshipful Company of)
676:Apothecaries' Hall from Apothecary St
341:(goddess of the healing process) and
7:
2360:Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology
2282:European Federation of Biotechnology
1860:Watermen and Lightermen (Company of)
1635:Coachmakers and Coach Harness Makers
931:
929:
718:Assistant summons to the Court, 1817
475:Interior of Apothecaries' Hall, 2013
1944:Manufacturing in the United Kingdom
1079:"Apothecary Archive Family History"
845:. It is also Grade I listed in the
746:Freemen (most of whom are "Yeomen")
634:Medical care of catastrophes (1994)
2307:Worshipful Society of Apothecaries
2292:Faculty of Pharmaceutical Medicine
870:Copeman, W. S. (2 December 1967).
807:granted the society rights to the
459:Apothecaries' Hall courtyard, 1831
134:Worshipful Society of Apothecaries
25:
796:, London, one of Europe's oldest
2447:
2446:
2297:Pharmacists' Defence Association
2254:Veterinary Medicines Directorate
1926:
1838:
637:Forensic medical sciences (1998)
294:The society was granted Arms by
165:Lord Mayor of the City of London
40:
2277:Chemical Industries Association
1510:Stationers and Newspaper Makers
941:The Strange Laws of Old England
467:Laboratory of the Society, 1922
333:(goddess of universal health),
218:general (medical) practitioners
151:The society is a member of the
2507:1617 establishments in England
2244:General Pharmaceutical Council
1865:Public Relations Practitioners
1540:Glaziers and Painters of Glass
1:
2249:Scottish Medicines Consortium
2209:Commission on Human Medicines
2127:Cambridge Antibody Technology
1949:Economy of the United Kingdom
996:Science, Medicine and History
627:Philosophy of medicine (1978)
624:GenitoUrinary medicine (1973)
599:The Society currently awards
325:and therefore grandfather of
2353:British Pharmaceutical Codex
1695:Scientific Instrument Makers
1645:Gold and Silver Wyre Drawers
615:Medical jurisprudence (1962)
1049:"'The Collection' Archives"
114:Aroop Mozumder CB (2023-24)
2558:
2382:The Pharmaceutical Journal
2339:British National Formulary
841:The garden is a member of
566:Elizabeth Garrett Anderson
244:Elizabeth Garrett Anderson
2542:Medical museums in London
2442:
1939:
1883:
1836:
1775:Information Technologists
350:Opiferque Per Orbem Dicor
163:, its governance and the
157:St Andrew-by-the-Wardrobe
69:Black Friars Lane, London
54:Opiferque per Orbem Dicor
39:
1848:Companies without livery
1795:Hackney Carriage Drivers
1218:Apothecaries' Rose Prize
479:The Society is based at
374:
136:of London is one of the
2167:Reliant Pharmaceuticals
1650:Makers of Playing Cards
1083:Society of Apothecaries
1053:Society of Apothecaries
994:Underwood E. A. (ed.),
821:Leiden Botanical Garden
551:General Medical Council
539:General Medical Council
35:Society of Apothecaries
2419:European Pharmacopoeia
2142:The Distillers Company
2011:Dechra Pharmaceuticals
1815:Security Professionals
1800:Management Consultants
1760:Environmental Cleaners
1460:Tylers and Bricklayers
1385:Armourers and Brasiers
1273:in order of precedence
888:10.1136/bmj.4.5578.540
789:
719:
677:
589:medical royal colleges
555:United Examining Board
476:
468:
460:
431:rather than the usual
381:
291:
283:
233:United Examining Board
2404:British Pharmacopoeia
2399:British Approved Name
2031:Hikma Pharmaceuticals
1805:International Bankers
1705:Chartered Accountants
945:Piatkus Books Limited
794:Chelsea Physic Garden
784:
777:Chelsea Physic Garden
723:to be members of the
717:
710:Members and structure
675:
577:Apothecaries Act 1815
528:Apothecaries Act 1815
474:
466:
458:
289:
281:
268:Chelsea Physic Garden
229:Apothecaries Act 1815
199:College of Physicians
124:Apothecaries' Society
96:Medicine and pharmacy
2214:Department of Health
2112:Allen & Hanburys
2076:Silence Therapeutics
1765:Chartered Architects
947:. pp. 177–179.
500:Great Fire of London
427:The use of the term
2479: /
2265:professional bodies
1974:AAH Pharmaceuticals
1715:Builders' Merchants
1700:Chartered Surveyors
1480:Joiners and Ceilers
668:Events and lectures
640:HIV medicine (2002)
619:History of medicine
485:Blackfriars, London
450:
313:is depicted in the
146:order of precedence
101:Order of precedence
93:Company association
36:
2483:51.5128°N 0.1032°W
2316:Books and journals
1785:Water Conservators
1595:Framework Knitters
1144:on 18 January 2014
1111:medicalmuseums.org
1059:on 30 October 2014
1029:on 27 October 2014
998:vol.1 (1953) p.347
790:
788:: a 1751 engraving
720:
678:
481:Apothecaries' Hall
477:
469:
461:
451:Apothecaries' Hall
441:Framework Knitters
292:
284:
65:Apothecaries' Hall
2462:
2461:
2202:regulatory bodies
2195:
2194:
1997:
1892:
1891:
1610:Tin Plate Workers
1107:"Medical Museums"
882:(5578): 540–541.
829:Colony of Georgia
798:botanical gardens
786:The Physic Garden
652:
651:
547:49 & 50 Vict.
390:
389:
222:family physicians
197:) challenged the
195:Nicholas Culpeper
130:
129:
112:Air Vice Marshal
109:Master of company
77:Date of formation
70:
56:
16:(Redirected from
2549:
2512:Livery companies
2494:
2493:
2491:
2490:
2489:
2488:51.5128; -0.1032
2484:
2480:
2477:
2476:
2475:
2472:
2450:
2449:
2061:Oxford Biomedica
1991:
1964:
1931:
1930:
1919:
1912:
1905:
1896:
1875:HR Professionals
1842:
1841:
1690:Furniture Makers
1575:Spectacle Makers
1415:Painter-Stainers
1380:Tallow Chandlers
1310:Merchant Taylors
1270:Livery companies
1254:Livery companies
1247:
1240:
1233:
1224:
1214:
1213:
1211:Official website
1196:
1195:
1188:
1182:
1181:
1174:
1168:
1167:
1161:
1153:
1151:
1149:
1143:
1137:. Archived from
1136:
1128:
1122:
1121:
1119:
1117:
1103:
1094:
1093:
1091:
1089:
1075:
1069:
1068:
1066:
1064:
1055:. Archived from
1045:
1039:
1038:
1036:
1034:
1025:. Archived from
1023:"Open Doors Day"
1019:
1013:
1012:
1005:
999:
992:
986:
979:
973:
972:
965:
959:
958:
933:
924:
923:
916:
910:
909:
899:
867:
851:English Heritage
725:Barbers' Company
610:
572:KCB FRS (1881).
543:Medical Act 1886
489:Dominican priory
371:
258:
184:Grocers' Company
138:livery companies
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2374:Side Effects
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2329:
2322:
2306:
2263:Industry and
2137:Chiroscience
1810:Tax Advisers
1790:Firefighters
1770:Constructors
1755:Lightmongers
1625:Pattenmakers
1615:Wheelwrights
1600:Needlemakers
1565:Apothecaries
1564:
1535:Basketmakers
1335:Clothworkers
1315:Haberdashers
1186:
1172:
1146:. Retrieved
1139:the original
1126:
1114:. Retrieved
1110:
1086:. Retrieved
1082:
1073:
1061:. Retrieved
1057:the original
1052:
1043:
1031:. Retrieved
1027:the original
1017:
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601:postgraduate
598:
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585:
575:Between the
574:
559:
536:
524:
516:
509:
497:
493:Black Friars
478:
432:
428:
426:
424:companies).
422:Clockmakers'
414:Fishmongers'
399:
391:
382:
375:
365:
349:
347:
315:coat of arms
308:
293:
265:
263:programmes.
261:
237:
226:
207:
188:
182:were in the
180:apothecaries
174:
150:
133:
131:
72:(since 1632)
53:
29:
2486: /
2051:Mundipharma
1989:AstraZeneca
1740:Arbitrators
1580:Clockmakers
1570:Shipwrights
1505:Plaisterers
1475:Blacksmiths
1410:Cordwainers
1325:Ironmongers
1295:Fishmongers
1148:20 February
805:Hans Sloane
570:Ronald Ross
418:Goldsmiths'
248:Ronald Ross
2501:Categories
2471:51°30′46″N
2331:Bad Pharma
2162:Phytopharm
2071:Proximagen
1720:Launderers
1680:Air Pilots
1670:Solicitors
1620:Distillers
1590:Feltmakers
1500:Fruiterers
1495:Scriveners
1435:Innholders
1405:Carpenters
1300:Goldsmiths
1088:7 November
1063:7 November
1033:27 October
954:0749950366
857:References
734:The Master
562:John Keats
300:Clarenceux
240:John Keats
2474:0°06′12″W
2409:DrugScope
2324:Bandolier
2066:Pfizer UK
1994:MedImmune
1959:Companies
1820:Educators
1745:Engineers
1730:Actuaries
1725:Marketors
1655:Fanmakers
1640:Gunmakers
1605:Gardeners
1525:Musicians
1520:Upholders
1515:Broderers
1470:Fletchers
1355:Pewterers
1116:26 August
969:"History"
823:, led to
537:When the
532:55 Geo. 3
445:Fanmakers
323:Asclepius
2453:category
2132:Celltech
2117:Amersham
2091:Vernalis
2036:Indivior
2006:Cyclacel
1750:Fuellers
1735:Insurers
1560:Loriners
1550:Farriers
1445:Poulters
1440:Founders
1430:Plumbers
1420:Curriers
1400:Saddlers
1395:Butchers
1390:Girdlers
1330:Vintners
1305:Skinners
1158:cite web
939:(2004).
876:Br Med J
660:and the
604:diplomas
564:(1816),
410:mantling
259:(1881).
242:(1816),
214:medicine
61:Location
2182:Unipath
2105:Defunct
2086:Vectura
1967:Current
1675:Farmers
1585:Glovers
1555:Paviors
1545:Horners
1530:Turners
1490:Woolmen
1485:Weavers
1465:Bowyers
1455:Coopers
1365:Cutlers
1360:Barbers
1345:Brewers
1320:Salters
1290:Drapers
1285:Grocers
1280:Mercers
1260:in the
906:4863972
897:1749172
836:charity
813:Chelsea
706:group.
694:Archive
437:Bowyers
433:company
429:society
331:Panacea
171:History
140:of the
119:Website
86:James I
2377:(2008)
2334:(2012)
2187:Zeneca
2172:Renovo
2147:Fisons
2081:TBS GB
1830:Nurses
1660:Carmen
1425:Masons
1370:Bakers
1258:guilds
985:(1960)
951:
904:
894:
825:cotton
647:
621:(1970)
512:stucco
402:helmet
362:Apollo
360:deity
343:Aglaea
327:Hygeia
319:wyvern
311:Apollo
177:London
2392:Other
2177:Shire
2041:IXICO
2021:Genus
1984:Astex
1450:Cooks
1340:Dyers
1142:(PDF)
1135:(PDF)
809:manor
505:drugs
404:of a
394:crest
358:Greek
354:Latin
339:Aceso
254:
49:Motto
1256:and
1164:link
1150:2013
1118:2016
1090:2014
1065:2014
1035:2014
949:ISBN
902:PMID
443:and
420:and
406:peer
352:, a
335:Iaso
227:The
210:case
208:Rose
132:The
104:58th
80:1617
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