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where the architectural and decorativefeatures of the facades on the various levels are considerably different. In contrast, the architectural and decorative features on all three levels of the Palace at Santa Rosa are virtually identical and there are only minor variations in the details of base, medial, and cornice moldings. The interior stair system also points to an initial three-story conception as it is difficult to see how these stairways could have been added at a later date. Several architectural features have been incorporated into this building which seem to anticipate certain elements of the classic Puuc architectural styles. These include the column-like piers creating the multiple doorways to several of the exterior rooms on all three levels.
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processionals proceeding up the stairway and into a sacred precinct while the general populace watched from the plaza below. The central portion of the east facade may have been conceived as a symbolic pyramid-temple in which the monumental east stairway with its stepped ramps represent the pyramid, while the free-standing wall on the third level, with its portal surrounded by a gigantic zoomorphic mask, represents the temple. The combined stairway and symbolic temple have the same steep-sided tower-like configuration as seen in typical Rio Bee tower forms.
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symbolic, since the space in front of the doorways is too narrow to allow entry from the adjacent terraces. The tower-like buildings on the second level, with their ornaments in stucco, might well have carried large zoomorphic masks on their east facades, and that there were non-functional stairways in front, now fallen or covered with debris, creating modified Rio Bee style symbolic pyramid-temples similar to the variant Chenes forms seen at Hochob, Tabasqueno, and
Dzibilnocac.
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stair system. The rooms on the third level can be reached from either the interior or exterior stairways, but here again, checkpoints are provided at the points of entry. The outermost rooms on the ground level open directly to the plaza level and are therefore the easiest to reach and the least private. The inner rooms are well protected, however, and are suited for more private activities.
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rooms. A broad stairway on the east side leads from the plaza level to a doorway in the free-standing wall at the head of the stairs, giving access to the open courtyard and rooms behind. There is no indication that this stairway would allow access to the second level, nor is there any real indication of secondary stairways on the west side leading to the second level.
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to pass through anterooms before gaining access to the stairways. The organization of the rooms on the ground floor is unusual, as all of the rooms, with the exception of the three central rooms on the west side, consist of "suites" of two, three and four interconnected rooms. Six rooms (Rooms 3, 15, 17, 18, 24, 26) contain beds and all of these are interior rooms.
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and 950. It was planned and beautifully decorated, and contributed to this undoubtedly specific location of the city: it lay in a place where interacted Chenes architectural styles and Puuc. Thanks in Santa Rosa
Xtampak find magnificent monuments showing the typical features of each of these styles. Xtampak was the historical capital of the
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The interior stairways, starting in Rooms 6 and 10 on the ground floor, wind up through all three levels, providing the only visible means of reaching the second level. At the second and third levels, these stairways open directly to the exterior, in contrast to the ground floor where it is necessary
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After the completion of the building a staircase was set on the back that leads up to the roof of the room. There, a small room was probably built or at least planned. In order to stabilize the roof for that extra space, the back wall was reinforced to almost half of the vault with a masonry core,
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Other unusual architectural features include the numerous recessed wall panels which are particularly prominent on the west side of the rooms on the third level. Because of the palatial appearance of the building, it is tempting to accept this designation out of hand, but there is little to go on in
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The snake mouth portal decorates the facade of a small room, which is located laterally in a long series of rooms. The space jumps from the series of spaces in front of more than half a meter, and thus creates the typical for the Chenes style impression of individual buildings. The actual entrance
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The rooms on the third level, which can be reached by means of both the interior stairways on the west side and the monumental stairway on the east side, seem to represent the ceremonial portion of the building. Both the courtyard and the room behind seem ideally suited for formal rituals involving
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The four-room suites at the northern and southern ends were singled out for special attention since the outermost gallery-like rooms (Rooms 16 and 25) have sculptured panels centered between the doorways to the rear rooms and there are groups of three inset colonnettes on the west and east sides of
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The large three-story building known as the Palace, is the most unusual structure still standing at
Xtampak. There are 27 rooms on the ground level; 12 on the second level, including the two one-room buildings at the southeast and southwest corners; and five on the third level, making a total of 44
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The name
Xtampak comes from a Maya meaning "old / ancient walls". It is a very old site. The cities origins date back to 400 BC. The top of the hill has been aligned and surrounded by falling terraces intended for cultivation. The city grew by 850 years, reaching its peak of development between 550
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Perhaps the most unusual aspect of the Palace in
Xtampak is that it appears to have been conceived at the outset as a multi-story structure, in contrast to multi-level buildings elsewhere in which the various levels were accretions over time. This is particularly noticeable in the Palace at Sayil,
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people. The city is built on a natural elevation with a flattened and divided summit, it covers an approximate area of 9 square kilometers. Xtampak had over ten interlocked ceremonial plazas. During its golden age, the city was inhabited by 10,000 people. The buildings have a marked Chenes style,
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The circulation system does, however, establish a fairly clear hierarchy in terms of the degree of privacy or difficulty of entry with regard to the rooms on the several levels. The rooms on the second level are the most difficult to reach and access is easily controlled by means of the interior
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The rooms on the second level, which are the least accessible, are spacious. Six of the eight rooms have multiple doorways, which is seemingly at odds with the level of privacy afforded by the restricted access system. The free-standing rooms at the southeast and southwest corners seem almost
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None of the above tells us much about the specific functions of the rooms on different levels, but the obvious advantages afforded by the restrictive access system could be put to use in a variety of ways. Nevertheless, it is impossible to imagine the Palace as anything other than an elite
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which was covered on the front with stucco. From the back of a reconstructed in its lower part staircase leads to the upper room. The staircase has at its center a central stair stringer, which is designed as a tail or abdomen of the reptile, and the turn ends in a small snake throat.
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The largest structure in
Xtampak is Hill Stars, a large platform with stairs. The building is made up of at least ten buildings. This is where archaeologists found eight stele, all smooth and sculpted. Xtampak was one of the few cities built by the Chenes, which erected stelae.
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The monumental stairway on the east side, leading to a portal in a free-standing wall with an open court behind, immediately calls to mind
Structure IV at Becan, which shows a very similar organization. The Palace also shows a vague similarity to the three-story Palace at
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these doorways. The central colonnette of both groups is covered with relief carvings. The pier-like doorjambs of the outer rooms, and presumably the central piers as well, show recessed panels and capitals with Puuc-like profiles.
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is unusually narrow, and is three steps above the ground. The otherwise mostly encountered platform in front of the entrance, which is pushed forward lower jaw is missing here.
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residential-ceremonial-administrative structure where the highest-ranking members of the ruling class at
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the way of hard data which has any reference to the function(s) of the various rooms.
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557:"Przed Kolumbem: Miasta Majów: Santa Rosa Xtampak (Stan Campeche, Meksyk)"
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531:"Santa Rosa Xtampak :: Campeche Official Web Site"
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for more articles see
Category:Maya sites in Mexico
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517:"Santa Rosa Xtampak Mayan ruins -- in Campeche"
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221:although there are some structures with a
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571:"CHENES AND CHENES-POUC ARCHITECTURE"
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146:Late Preclassic to Terminal Classic
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1627:Former populated places in Mexico
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411:Floor plan of the palace
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395:The front of the palace
199:. A major town in the
1622:Maya sites in Campeche
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166:Architectural styles
1593:19.7713°N 89.5981°W
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189:archaeological site
170:Chenes architecture
106:19.7713°N 89.5981°W
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537:on August 13, 2014
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182:Santa Rosa Xtampak
63:Yaxché Akal,
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533:. Archived from
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206:
202:
201:Chenes region
198:
194:
193:Mexican state
190:
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168:
164:
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66:
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58:
38:
29:
25:
20:
1574:
1504:
1479:
1425:San Gervasio
1265:Chichen Itza
1210:Aguada Fénix
1164:Zapote Bobal
1094:Takalik Abaj
1084:San Clemente
737:Nim Li Punit
577:. Retrieved
565:
551:
539:. Retrieved
535:the original
525:
511:
497:
485:
468:
464:
460:
456:
441:
437:
426:
414:
402:
398:
364:24 June 948
232:
214:
181:
177:
176:
161:Architecture
1596: /
1532:Casa Blanca
1519:El Salvador
1270:Chunchucmil
1225:Balankanche
1134:Wajxaklajun
1099:Tamarindito
1079:San Bartolo
1009:Mixco Viejo
964:Kaminaljuyu
899:El Porvenir
844:Cerro Quiac
787:Xunantunich
762:San Estevan
717:Lower Dover
262:9.10.19.2.3
225:influence.
109: /
85:Coordinates
1617:Maya sites
1611:Categories
1584:89°35′53″W
1581:19°46′17″N
1563:See also:
1547:San Andrés
1527:Cara Sucia
1440:Tortuguero
1315:Hormiguero
1290:Comalcalco
1260:Chinkultic
1245:Chacchoben
1119:Tres Islas
1004:Machaquila
994:La Joyanca
904:El Temblor
889:El Mirador
864:Chutixtiox
854:Chitinamit
767:Santa Rita
712:Louisville
672:Chaa Creek
657:Cahal Pech
647:Baking Pot
621:Maya sites
579:2023-09-06
541:August 13,
503:References
387:The Palace
361:10.6.0.0.0
350:10.4.2.0.0
342:4 May 889
339:10.3.0.0.0
331:4 May 889
328:10.3.0.0.0
317:10.2.2.0.0
306:10.2.1.0.0
295:10.0.0.0.0
284:9.18.1.0.0
276:3 May 751
218:Chene Maya
97:89°35′53″W
94:19°46′17″N
1485:Yaxchilan
1415:Punta Sur
1350:Kohunlich
1310:Ekʼ Balam
1295:Dzibanche
1280:Chunlimón
1275:Chunhuhub
1187:El Puente
1064:Qʼumarkaj
999:La Muerta
989:La Corona
984:La Blanca
979:La Amelia
909:El Tintal
874:Dos Pilas
806:Guatemala
722:Lubaantun
692:KaʼKabish
382:Buildings
251:Maya Date
229:Monuments
135:Abandoned
1537:Cihuatán
1500:Yoʼokop
1400:Palenque
1395:Oxkintok
1255:Chicanná
1240:Calakmul
1235:Bonampak
1174:Honduras
1154:Zacpeten
1124:Uaxactun
1069:Río Azul
1059:Quiriguá
1024:Naachtun
974:Kʼatepan
954:Ixtonton
829:Balberta
814:Aguateca
752:Pacbitun
702:La Milpa
687:El Pilar
642:Altun Ha
248:Monument
197:Campeche
151:Cultures
79:Campeche
65:Campeche
60:Location
1552:Tazumal
1480:Xtampak
1420:Río Bec
1390:Ocomtún
1370:Mayapan
1355:Komchen
1250:Chactún
1220:Balamku
1205:Acanceh
1159:Zaculeu
1114:Topoxte
1104:Tayasal
1044:Pajaral
1039:Naranjo
1014:Montana
939:Iximche
919:Guaytán
914:El Zotz
894:El Perú
884:El Chal
879:El Baúl
859:Chocolá
839:Cancuén
834:Bejucal
777:Uxbenka
757:Pusilha
732:Minanha
707:Lamanai
662:Caracol
559:. 2012.
369:Stele 2
347:Stele 4
336:Stele 6
325:Stele 1
314:Stele 3
292:Stele 8
270:Stele 7
259:Stele 5
241:Stele 2
211:History
191:in the
184:) is a
178:Xtampak
143:Periods
127:Founded
122:History
67:,
17:Xtampak
1490:Yaxuná
1475:Xpuhil
1470:Xlapak
1460:Xcaret
1435:Toniná
1410:Pomona
1365:La Mar
1335:Joljaʼ
1320:Izamal
1197:Mexico
1144:Xultun
1139:Witzna
1129:Ucanal
1089:Seibal
959:Ixtutz
929:Holtun
924:Holmul
782:Xnaheb
742:Nohmul
697:Kʼaxob
682:Cuello
667:Cerros
629:Belize
130:400 BC
75:Region
69:Mexico
1465:Xelha
1450:Uxmal
1445:Tulum
1430:Sayil
1385:Muyil
1360:Labna
1345:Kiuic
1340:Kabah
1330:Jaina
1325:Izapa
1305:Edzna
1230:Becan
1182:Copán
1149:Yaxha
1109:Tikal
1074:Sacul
1034:Nakum
1029:Nakbe
969:Kinal
944:Ixkun
934:Itzan
849:Chama
677:Colha
574:(TXT)
445:Sayil
1495:Yula
1455:Uxul
1375:Maní
1285:Coba
949:Ixlu
772:Tipu
543:2014
223:Puuc
186:Maya
155:Maya
138:1000
1215:Aké
195:of
1613::
375:?
207:.
1509:)
1503:(
613:e
606:t
599:v
582:.
545:.
519:.
372:?
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