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the fruit was exported to Europe as a 'pepper.' In the eastern part of
Nigeria, the plant's fruit is an essential ingredient in preparation of local soups to aid new mothers in breastfeeding. It remains an important item of local trade throughout Africa as a spice, and flavouring for food and for
537:
and dysenteric conditions, or as a mouthwash to treat toothaches. It has also been used as a medicine for biliousness and febrile pains. The bark, when steeped in palm wine, is used to treat asthma, stomach-aches and rheumatism.
530:, roof-ridges and joists. The wood is also used for boat construction: masts, oars, paddles and spars. In Togo and Gabon, wood was traditionally used to make bows and crossbows for hunters and warriors.
839:
Mitani, M. 1999. Does fruiting phenology vary with fruit syndrome? An investigation on animal-dispersed tree species in an evergreen forest in south-western
Cameroon. Ecological Research, 14:371-383.
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is used to make doors and partitions. The wood is known to be resistant to termite attack and is used in hut construction: posts,
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family that can grow up to 20m high. It is a native to the lowland rainforest and moist fringe forests in the
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285:, refers to the origin of the tree, in Ethiopia, though currently it grows most prominently as a crop in
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Harris, D.J.; Moutsamboté, J.-M.; Kami, E.; Florence, J.; Bridgewater, S. & Wortley, A.H. (2011).
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medicine. The fruit is sometimes put into jars of water for purification purposes.
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An infusion of the plant's bark or fruit has been useful in the treatment of
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that is the country's spiritual beverage and the traditional drink of the
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281:) meaning "bitter wood". The second part of the plant's binomial name,
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747:"An introduction to the trees from the North of the Republic Congo"
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889:"Entry for Xylopia aethiopica Dunal A. Rich.: family ANNONACEAE"
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Entry for
Xylopia aethiopica Dunal A. Rich.: family ANNONACEAE
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Conservatoire et Jardin botaniques de la Ville de Genève
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This species is present in the following countries:
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10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-2.RLTS.T137017018A149068646.en
857:"Distributions:Xylopia aethiopica (Dunal) A. Rich"
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1523:Plants used in traditional African medicine
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541:In Senegal, the fruit is used to flavor
916:"Café Touba, du bonheur plein la tasse"
639:United States Department of Agriculture
630:Germplasm Resources Information Network
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511:is used extensively in construction,
7:
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974:West African plants – A Photo Guide.
1508:IUCN Red List least concern species
795:Burkill, Humphrey Morrison (1985).
711:"Xylopia aethiopica (Dunal) A.Rich"
585:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
14:
293:and other parts of West Africa .
1445:
1388:
749:. Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh
351:Democratic Republic of the Congo
83:
1345:urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:75229-1
1229:urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:76056-1
914:BBC Afrique (15 August 2012).
1:
635:Agricultural Research Service
1461:. You can help Knowledge by
1404:. You can help Knowledge by
954:Gernot Katzer's Spice Pages
277:
269:is a compression from Greek
957:(accessed October 26, 2005)
688:. World Agroforestry Center
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677:Orwa; et al. (2009).
592:: e.T137017018A149068646.
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887:Robson, N. K. B. (1960).
853:Missouri Botanical Garden
686:Agroforestry Database 4.0
574:Harvey-Brown, Y. (2019).
500:, used as a spice called
194:
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80:Scientific classification
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1528:Plants described in 1817
921:(in French). seneweb.com
345:Central African Republic
227:, aromatic tree, of the
1400:-related article is a
715:African Plant Database
505:
495:
425:São Tomé and Príncipe
679:"Xylopia aethiopica"
517:traditional medicine
242:The dried fruits of
551:Mouride brotherhood
496:The dried fruit of
50:Conservation status
1023:Xylopia aethiopica
993:Xylopia aethiopica
969:Xylopia aethiopica
623:Xylopia aethiopica
578:Xylopia aethiopica
509:Xylopia aethiopica
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498:Xylopia aethiopica
302:Xylopia aethiopica
220:Xylopia aethiopica
198:Xylopia aethiopica
180:X. aethiopica
41:Xylopia aethiopica
25:Xylopia aethiopica
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1185:Open Tree of Life
985:Taxon identifiers
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16:Species of plant
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721:. 16 April 2007
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513:African cuisine
502:Grains of Selim
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306:tropical Africa
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248:grains of Selim
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189:Binomial name
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1463:expanding it
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1406:expanding it
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923:. Retrieved
909:
897:. Retrieved
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861:. Retrieved
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723:. Retrieved
714:
690:. Retrieved
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642:. Retrieved
628:
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603:. Retrieved
589:
583:
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569:
547:coffee drink
540:
532:
522:The plant's
521:
508:
507:
497:
468:(indigenous)
457:(indigenous)
440:Sierra Leone
436:(indigenous)
421:(indigenous)
415:(indigenous)
404:(indigenous)
383:(indigenous)
363:(indigenous)
334:Burkina Faso
314:
301:
300:
297:Distribution
282:
278:xylon pikron
272:ξυλον πικρον
266:
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243:
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1203:kew-2468107
1107:iNaturalist
1017:Wikispecies
823:|work=
555:Middle Ages
450:South Sudan
397:Ivory Coast
146:Magnoliales
123:Angiosperms
1502:Categories
1455:Annonaceae
1398:fruit tree
1198:Plant List
644:2008-04-19
562:References
543:café Touba
535:bronchitis
528:scantlings
413:Mozambique
372:The Gambia
355:indigenous
283:aethiopica
229:Annonaceae
156:Annonaceae
136:Magnoliids
1282:Q38429968
1164:137017018
925:1 January
919:(Reprint)
899:1 January
863:1 January
825:ignored (
815:cite book
805:1 January
753:1 January
725:1 January
692:1 January
553:. In the
312:regions.
304:grows in
262:Etymology
235:zones of
225:evergreen
174:Species:
93:Kingdom:
1353:Tropicos
1276:Wikidata
1237:Tropicos
1138:10206288
1008:Q2717116
1002:Wikidata
605:11 March
455:Tanzania
361:Ethiopia
339:Cameroon
210:A. Rich.
152:Family:
70:IUCN 3.1
1513:Xylopia
1358:1601194
1332:75229-1
1319:3157158
1242:1601268
1190:3867946
1177:1317910
1125:76056-1
1086:3157151
895:. JSTOR
801:. JSTOR
434:Senegal
419:Nigeria
408:Liberia
310:savanna
267:Xylopia
254:and an
233:savanna
167:Xylopia
162:Genus:
142:Order:
97:Plantae
68: (
1533:Spices
1290:APDB:
1211:PLANTS
1151:506195
1112:133195
1099:101925
1060:305215
1031:APDB:
948:
472:Zambia
466:Uganda
387:Guinea
324:Angola
237:Africa
223:is an
43:plant
1453:This
1396:This
1306:7DM9P
1133:IRMNG
1073:XYPAE
1047:5CLYZ
940:, by
682:(PDF)
445:Sudan
402:Kenya
381:Ghana
367:Gabon
329:Benin
287:Ghana
252:spice
206:Dunal
130:Clade
117:Clade
104:Clade
1459:stub
1402:stub
1340:POWO
1327:IPNI
1314:GBIF
1293:6735
1224:POWO
1216:XYAE
1172:NCBI
1159:IUCN
1146:ITIS
1120:IPNI
1094:GRIN
1081:GBIF
1068:EPPO
1034:6515
946:ISBN
927:2013
901:2013
865:2013
827:help
807:2013
755:2013
727:2013
694:2013
607:2023
590:2019
545:, a
524:bark
515:and
482:Uses
461:Togo
349:The
343:The
291:Togo
1366:WFO
1301:CoL
1250:WFO
1055:EoL
1042:CoL
972:in
594:doi
1504::
1368::
1355::
1342::
1329::
1316::
1303::
1278::
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