1867:
33:
5741:
46:
5717:
1842:
443:. This bacterium rarely completely blocks vascular tissue. There usually is a slight amount of vascular function that keeps the plant alive, but makes its fruit or branches die, making the specific plant economically nonproductive. This can cause a massive drop on supply of quality fruit. Smaller colonies usually occur throughout a high proportion of xylem vessels of a symptomatic plant.
5090:
1722:
When a grape vine becomes infected, the bacterium causes a gel to form in the xylem tissue of the vine, preventing water from being drawn through the vine. Leaves on vines with Pierce's disease turn yellow and brown, and eventually drop off the vine. Shoots also die. After one to five years, the vine
588:
diseases worsen during hot, dry periods in the summer; lack of water and maximum demand from a full canopy of leaves, combined with symptoms due to disease, stress infected plants to a breaking point. Cold winters can limit the spread of the disease, as it occurs in
California, but not in regions
1763:
started to focus their research on this pest. The research explores the different aspects of the disease propagation from the vector to the host plant and within the host plant, to the impact of the disease on
California's economy. All researchers working on Pierce's disease meet annually in San
273:
formation inside their hosts. As demonstrated using a PD-related strain, the bacterium has a characteristic twitching motion that enables groups of bacteria to travel upstream against heavy flow, such as that found in xylem vessels. It is obligately insect-vector transmitted from xylem-feeding
1967:
which is considered to be a different genetic variant of the bacterium to that found in Italy. On 18 August 2016 in
Corsica, 279 foci of the infection have been detected, concentrated mostly in the south and the west of the island. In August 2016, the bacterium was detected in
249:
was the first bacterial plant pathogen to have its genome sequenced, in part because of its importance in agriculture. Due to the significant impacts of this pathogen on agricultural crops around the world, there is substantial investment in scientific research related to
228:
can infect an extremely wide range of plants, many of which do not show any symptoms of disease. Disease occurs in plant species that are susceptible due to blockage of water flow in the xylem vessels caused by several factors: bacterial obstruction, overreaction of the
1921:
of terminal shoots, distributed randomly at first but then expanding to the rest of the canopy resulting in the collapse and death of trees. In affected groves, all plants normally show symptoms. The most severely affected olives are the century-old trees of local
350:
has a two-part lifecycle, which occurs inside an insect vector and inside a susceptible plant. While the bacterium has been found across the globe, only once the bacterium reaches systemic levels do symptoms present themselves. Once established in a new region,
549:
has been shown to infect coffee plants with CLS. The disease has also been found in Costa Rica's
Central Valley where it is referred to as ‘crespera’ disease by coffee growers. Symptoms of the bacterial infection in coffee plants feature curling leaf margins,
2409:
Coletta-Filho, Helvecio Della; Castillo, Andreina I.; Laranjeira, Francisco Ferraz; de
Andrade, Eduardo Chumbinho; Silva, Natalia Teixeira; de Souza, Alessandra Alves; Bossi, Mariana Esteves; Almeida, Rodrigo P. P.; Lopes, João R. S. (1 June 2020).
424:
reduction in size and quality, and overall plant height. As the bacterium progressively colonizes xylem tissues, affected plants often block off their xylem tissue, which can limit the spread of this pathogen; blocking can occur in the form of
2740:
Simpson, A. J. G.; Reinach, F. C.; Arruda, P.; Abreu, F. A.; Acencio, M.; Alvarenga, R.; Alves, L. M. C.; Araya, J. E.; Baia, G. S.; Baptista, C. S.; Barros, M. H.; Bonaccorsi, E. D.; Bordin, S.; Bové, J. M.; Briones, M. R. S. (July 2000).
437:. Occlusion of vascular tissue, while a normal plant response to infection, makes symptoms significantly worse; as the bacterium itself also reduces vascular function, a 90% reduction of vascular hydraulic function was seen in susceptible
4870:
Simpson, A. J. G.; Reinach, F. C.; Arruda, P.; Abreu, F. A.; Acencio, M.; Alvarenga, R.; Alves, L. M. C.; Araya, J. E.; Baia, G. S.; Baptista, C. S.; Barros, M. H.; Bonaccorsi, E. D.; Bordin, S.; Bové, J. M.; Briones, M. R. S. (2000).
701:, it has a short latent period around 2 hours, then the bacterium is transmissible for a period of a few months or as long as the insect is alive. The bacterium multiplies within its vectors, forming a "bacterial carpet" within the
545:. Coffee Leaf Scorch (CLS) is a disease caused by the causal agent Xylella fastidiosa that is economically significant in Brazil. Citrus variegated chlorosis (CVC), another significant disease in this region caused by a strain of
705:
of its host. If the host sheds its foregut during molting, the vector is no longer infected, but can reacquire the pathogen. At present, no evidence shows that the bacterium has any detrimental effect on its insect hosts.
2235:
Cornara, Daniele; Saponari, Maria; Zeilinger, Adam R.; de
Stradis, Angelo; Boscia, Donato; Loconsole, Giuliana; Bosco, Domenico; Martelli, Giovanni P.; Almeida, Rodrigo P. P.; Porcelli, Francesco (1 March 2017).
3830:
Sicard, Anne; Saponari, Maria; Vanhove, Mathieu; Castillo, Andreina I.; Giampetruzzi, Annalisa; Loconsole, Giuliana; Saldarelli, Pasquale; Boscia, Donato; Neema, Claire; Almeida, Rodrigo P. P. (2021).
2021:
Xylella infection was detected in South
American citrus in the 1980s and subsequently in the USA but had limited spread beyond the America's until the detection in citrus groves in Portugal in 2023.
2488:
Zecharia, Noa; Krasnov, Helena; Vanunu, Miri; Siri, Andreina
Castillo; Haberman, Ami; Dror, Orit; Vakal, Lera; Almeida, Rodrigo P. P.; Blank, Lior; Shtienberg, Dani; Bahar, Ofir (November 2022).
2188:
Redak, Richard A.; Purcell, Alexander H.; Lopes, João R.S.; Blua, Matthew J.; Mizell III, Russell F.; Andersen, Peter C. (3 December 2003). "The biology of xylem fluid–feeding insect vectors of
290:
transmitted, but instead is transmitted through "xylem feed-ing, suctorial homopteran insects such as sharpshooter leafhoppers and spittle bugs" and has been historically difficult to culture (
3775:
Montero-Astúa, Mauricio; Chacón-Díaz, Carlos; Aguilar, Estela; Rodríguez, Carlos Mario; Garita, Laura; Villalobos, William; Moreira, Lisela; Hartung, John S.; Rivera, Carmen (October 2008).
420:-related disease exhibit symptoms of water, zinc, and iron deficiencies, manifesting as leaf scorching and stunting in leaves turning them yellowish-brown, gummy substance around leaves,
5934:
3003:
Coletta-Filho, Helvécio Della; Carvalho, Sérgio Alves; Silva, Luis
Fernando Carvalho; Machado, Marcos Antonio (1 July 2014). "Seven years of negative detection results confirm that
4370:
640:
has a very wide host range; as of 2020, its known host range was 595 plant species, with 343 species confirmed by two different detection methods, in 85 botanical families. Most
562:, Italy in 2013 for the first time as a destructive disease agent of olive trees and likely came from strains present in asymptomatic plant material imported from Costa Rica.
1764:
Diego in mid-December to discuss the progress in their field. All proceedings from this symposium can be found on the Pierce's disease website, developed and managed by the
4541:
316:
is the most studied subspecies, as it is the causal agent of PD; it is thought to have originated in southern
Central America, and also affects other species of plants.
554:
and irregularly shaped leaves, stunting and reduced plant growth, and branch atrophy. The disease reduced coffee production by up to 30% in plantations across Brazil.
449:
is a Gram-negative, xylem-limited illness that is spread by insects. It can damage a variety of broadleaved tree species that are commonly grown in the United States.
2618:
Ingel, Brian; Reyes, Clarissa; Massonnet, Mélanie; Boudreau, Bailey; Sun, Yuling; Sun, Qiang; McElrone, Andrew J.; Cantu, Dario; Roper, M. Caroline (February 2021).
6023:
5895:
3352:
5960:
4733:
4314:
1744:
5643:
4844:
4463:
4619:
3725:
Li, W.-B.; Pria, W. D.; Teixeira, D. C.; Miranda, V. S.; Ayres, A. J.; Franco, C. F.; Costa, M. G.; He, C.-X.; Costa, P. I.; Hartung, J. S. (1 May 2001).
5581:
4305:
4177:
3226:
Cornara, Daniele; Morente, Marina; Markheiser, Anna; Bodino, Nicola; et al. (2019). "An overview on the worldwide vectors of Xylella fastidiosa".
3117:
Sicard, Anne; Zeilinger, Adam R.; Vanhove, Mathieu; Schartel, Tyler E.; Beal, Dylan J.; Daugherty, Matthew P.; Almeida, Rodrigo P.P. (25 August 2018).
5856:
4982:
4066:"Control of Pierce's Disease Through Areawide Management of Glassy-Winged Sharpshooter (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) and Roguing of Infected Grapevines"
4956:
4645:
5921:
4707:
3991:
4589:
2457:
Su, Chiou-Chu; Chang, Chung Jan; Chang, Che-Ming; Shih, Hsien-Tzung; Tzeng, Kuo-Ching; Jan, Fuh-Jyh; Kao, Chin-Wen; Deng, Wen-Ling (June 2013).
5321:
5153:
5046:
4676:
5197:
3338:
3320:
2569:
Petit, Giai; Bleve, Gianluca; Gallo, Antonia; Mita, Giovanni; Montanaro, Giuseppe; Nuzzo, Vitale; Zambonini, Dario; Pitacco, Andrea (2021).
2376:
3662:
Moralejo, E.; Borràs, D.; Gomila, M.; Montesinos, M.; Adrover, F.; Juan, A.; Nieto, A.; Olmo, D.; Seguí, G.; Landa, B. B. (7 August 2019).
1765:
3256:
Chatterjee, Subhadeep; Almeida, Rodrigo P. P.; Lindow, Steven (4 August 2008). "Living in two Worlds: The Plant and Insect Lifestyles of
6008:
4759:
3677:
1756:
1727:
compounds the threat, because citrus is not only a host of sharpshooter eggs, but also is a popular overwintering site for this insect.
1760:
6018:
5247:
4048:
3999:
2384:
1752:
4425:
2571:"Susceptibility to Xylella fastidiosa and functional xylem anatomy in Olea europaea: revisiting a tale of plant–pathogen interaction"
6013:
5301:
5227:
3379:
1866:
5869:
2038:
1946:
530:
286:
disease. In the wild, infections tend to occur during warmer seasons, when insect vector populations peak. The bacterium is not
3130:
2922:
1784:
1748:
629:
disease development, while plants from areas with harsher winters, such as grapes, are more severely affected by this disease.
1795:) have a natural resistance. Pierce's disease is found in the Southeastern United States and Mexico. Also, it was reported by
683:
can cause significant losses in the citrus and coffee industries; a third of today's citrus crops in Brazil has CVC symptoms.
4018:
3612:
5926:
3894:"Scientific report on the update of the Xylella spp. host plant database – systematic literature search up to 30 June 2019"
5947:
5674:
5306:
4399:
2855:
Meng, Yizhi; Li, Yaxin; Galvani, Cheryl D.; Hao, Guixia; Turner, James N.; Burr, Thomas J.; Hoch, H. C. (15 August 2005).
344:
is thought to have originated in the southern part of the United States, and is notable for causing oleander leaf scorch.
5731:
3360:
Zhang, Shujian; Flores-Cruz, Zomary; Kumar, Dibyendu; Chakrabarty, Pranjib; Hopkins, Donald L.; Gabriel, Dean W. (2011).
5684:
4221:
2490:"Xylella fastidiosa Outbreak in Israel: Population Genetics, Host Range, and Temporal and Spatial Distribution Analysis"
1906:
207:
1735:
In a unique effort, growers, administrators, policy makers, and researchers are working on a solution for this immense
5908:
5326:
1894:
and other zones of Apulia, though it had not previously been confirmed in Europe. The subspecies involved in Italy is
1811:
became apparent in Europe, posing a serious, real threat. There are isolated hot spots of the disease near creeks in
589:
with milder winters such as Brazil. Additionally, dry summers seem to delay symptom development of PD in California.
412:
Significant variation in symptoms is seen between diseases, though some symptoms are expressed across species. On a
5453:
4328:
Moore, James N.; Clark, John R.; Kamas, James; Stein, Larry; Tarkington, Friench; Tarkington, Martha (1 May 2011).
3987:
3139:
1695:
1663:
is commonly used in decorative landscaping in California, so the plants serve as widely distributed reservoirs for
1652:
689:
also colonizes the foreguts of insect vectors, which can be any xylem-feeding insects, often sharpshooters in the
5965:
5648:
5546:
5458:
5376:
5190:
4563:
3668:
1898:, which shows a marked preference for olive trees and warm conditions and is thought to be unlikely to spread to
4329:
3118:
2800:"Money Matters: Fueling Rapid Recent Insight Into Xylella fastidiosa—An Important and Expanding Global Pathogen"
336:
is believed to have originated in South America. It is the causal agent of citrus variegated chlorosis (CVC) in
45:
6028:
5576:
5556:
4300:
4181:
2620:"Xylella fastidiosa causes transcriptional shifts that precede tylose formation and starch depletion in xylem"
625:
regions, are more susceptible to symptom development. Thus, plants from warmer climates are more resistant to
355:
spread is dependent on the obligate transmission by xylem-sap feeding insect. Within susceptible plant hosts,
5658:
5511:
5252:
5232:
5105:
4106:
3370:
2056:
1923:
275:
159:
5795:
5002:
Wells, J. M.; Raju, B. C.; Hung, H.-Y.; Weisburg, W. G.; Mandelco-Paul, L.; Brenner, D. J. (1 April 1987).
4239:
Jiménez A., L.G. (July–September 1985). "Evidencia inmunológica del mal de pierce de la vid en Venezuela".
2677:"Detection and Visualization of an Exopolysaccharide Produced by Xylella fastidiosa In Vitro and In Planta"
1796:
5757:
5679:
5533:
5386:
4133:"Overwintering Habits of Homalodisca coagulata, the Principal Natural Vector of Phony Peach Disease Virus"
2459:"Pierce's Disease of Grapevines in Taiwan: Isolation, Cultivation and Pathogenicity of Xylella fastidiosa"
1691:
191:
4986:
4960:
4684:
667:
Due to the temperate climates of South America and the southeastern and west coast of the United States,
203:
5615:
5561:
5381:
4653:
2136:
Krugner, Rodrigo; Sisterson, Mark S; Backus, Elaine A; Burbank, Lindsey P; Redak, Richard A (May 2019).
2087:
Rapicavoli, Jeannette; Ingel, Brian; Blanco-Ulate, Barbara; Cantu, Dario; Roper, Caroline (April 2018).
2050:
195:
187:
175:
130:
607:
4760:"Detectada en Madrid la presencia de una bacteria que obligó a arrancar un millón de olivos en Italia"
5975:
5830:
5720:
5183:
4888:
3016:
2688:
2331:
2034:
1890:. The disease caused rapid decline in olive grove yields, and by April 2015, was affecting the whole
1831:
genes, the next 75%, the third 87% and the fourth 94%. In the spring of 2007, seedlings that are 94%
1651:, starting in the mid-1990s. This disease is transmitted by a type of leafhopper (insect) called the
269:
on only one pole; longer, type IV pili are used for locomotion, while shorter, type I pili assist in
5633:
5610:
5159:
5061:
2063:
1955:
1938:
1687:
291:
199:
77:
5116:
2675:
Roper, M. Caroline; Greve, L. Carl; Labavitch, John M.; Kirkpatrick, Bruce C. (15 November 2007).
2544:"Update of the Xylella spp. host plant database – systematic literature search up to 30 June 2021"
1710:
when the glassy-winged sharpshooter, native to the Southeast United States, was discovered in the
5341:
5154:"XF-ACTORS "Xylella Fastidiosa Active Containment Through a multidisciplinary-Oriented Research""
4283:
3812:
3777:"Isolation and molecular characterization of Xylella fastidiosa from coffee plants in Costa Rica"
3701:
3650:
3417:
3346:
3167:
3040:
2837:
2780:
2525:
2439:
2355:
2167:
1950:
1816:
214:–related diseases have occurred in the Americas and Europe, this pathogen has also been found in
40:
3726:
3479:"Vascular Occlusions in Grapevines with Pierce's Disease Make Disease Symptom Development Worse"
2293:
32:
5900:
4847:[Portugal detects 'Xylella fastidiosa' in citrus fruits for the first time in the EU].
4040:
5817:
5571:
5138:(Xylella Fastidiosa Active Containment Through a multidisciplinary-Oriented Research Strategy)
5033:
4914:
4906:
4522:
4351:
4275:
4152:
4087:
4044:
4014:
4005:
3995:
3933:
3915:
3871:
3853:
3804:
3796:
3754:
3746:
3693:
3642:
3624:
3572:
3564:
3516:
3498:
3450:
3409:
3391:
3334:
3326:
3316:
3285:
3277:
3159:
3151:
3094:
3086:
3032:
2985:
2964:"Populations of Xylella fastidiosa in Plants Required for Transmission by an Efficient Vector"
2898:
2880:
2829:
2821:
2772:
2764:
2722:
2704:
2657:
2639:
2600:
2517:
2509:
2431:
2347:
2275:
2257:
2217:
2209:
2159:
2118:
2089:"Xylella fastidiosa : an examination of a re-emerging plant pathogen: Xylella fastidiosa"
2002:
1984:
1891:
845:
622:
593:
520:
413:
5985:
2320:"The olive quick decline syndrome in south-east Italy: a threatening phytosanitary emergency"
5602:
5551:
5501:
5023:
4896:
4512:
4502:
4341:
4144:
4077:
3923:
3905:
3861:
3843:
3788:
3738:
3685:
3632:
3616:
3554:
3506:
3490:
3399:
3383:
3269:
3235:
3143:
3078:
3024:
2975:
2888:
2872:
2811:
2754:
2712:
2696:
2647:
2631:
2590:
2582:
2501:
2470:
2423:
2339:
2265:
2249:
2201:
2149:
2108:
2100:
1910:
1855:
1812:
1686:(1856–1916; California's first professional plant pathologist) on grapes in California near
1683:
1531:
1525:
1327:
841:
795:
492:
430:
377:
304:
can be divided into four subspecies that affect different plants and have separate origins.
97:
4736:[Preventive tree lysing in the first case of Xylella fastidiosa on the peninsula].
3273:
5694:
5653:
5638:
5429:
5419:
4309:
3955:
3681:
3463:
2205:
1899:
1711:
1707:
1415:
1109:
87:
4646:"Xylella : carte et liste des communes en zones délimitées en Corse au 18 août 2016"
3366:
Biocontrol Strain EB92-1 Genome Is Very Similar and Syntenic to Pierce's Disease Strains"
2412:"Citrus Variegated Chlorosis: an Overview of 30 Years of Research and Disease Management"
5095:
4892:
4734:"Tala preventiva de árboles ante el primer caso de 'Xylella fastidiosa' en la península"
3147:
3082:
3020:
2692:
2458:
2335:
592:
Any conditions that increase vector populations can increase disease incidence, such as
5596:
5488:
5414:
5282:
5008:
gen. nov., sp. nov: Gram-Negative, Xylem-Limited, Fastidious Plant Bacteria Related to
4033:
3928:
3893:
3866:
3831:
3637:
3594:
3511:
3478:
3404:
3361:
2893:
2856:
2717:
2676:
2652:
2619:
2595:
2570:
2270:
2113:
2088:
1838:
A resistant variety, 'Victoria Red', was released for use especially in Coastal Texas.
1617:
1539:
1401:
1241:
963:
955:
945:
596:
and forests or tree cover adjacent to crops, which serve as alternate food sources and
439:
426:
230:
167:
67:
3239:
519:, premature abscission of leaves and fruits is of bigger concern than scorching. Some
6002:
5391:
5351:
4679:[Plant killer bacteria: Parts of Zeulenroda rails declared a restrict zone].
3776:
3705:
3654:
2876:
2543:
2529:
2443:
2387:, Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management (ESPM). 9 February 2015
2359:
2171:
1703:
1377:
1365:
937:
769:
759:
747:
741:
597:
574:
179:
3981:
3816:
3664:"Insights into the epidemiology of Pierce's disease in vineyards of Mallorca, Spain"
3171:
3044:
2841:
2784:
2013:. In 2018, it was detected elsewhere in Spain and Portugal, and in Israel in 2019.
5822:
5745:
5566:
5478:
5468:
5396:
5316:
5242:
5222:
4814:
4785:
3603:
3421:
2937:
1743:
and glassy-winged sharpshooter biology has markedly increased since 2000, when the
1724:
1563:
1513:
1445:
1351:
1189:
1147:
1139:
1081:
1005:
917:
903:
853:
694:
672:
661:
238:
5939:
5874:
4485:
Saponari, M.; Giampetruzzi, A.; Loconsole, G.; Boscia, D.; Saldarelli, P. (2019).
2980:
2963:
1841:
4845:"Portugal detecta la 'Xylella fastidiosa' en cítrics per primera vegada en la UE"
3559:
3538:
2816:
2799:
1819:
in Northern California. Work is underway at UC Davis to breed PD resistance from
5952:
5882:
5789:
5444:
5371:
5206:
4507:
4486:
3477:
Sun, Qiang; Sun, Yuliang; Walker, M. Andrew; Labavitch, John M. (1 March 2013).
1918:
1593:
1507:
1429:
1291:
1255:
1247:
1073:
1063:
969:
803:
751:
507:
on upper sides of citrus leaves. Fruits of infected plants are small and hard.
5780:
4650:
Direction régionale de l'alimentation, de l'agriculture et de la forêt de Corse
3742:
3599:
spp. host plant database – systematic literature search up to 31 December 2020"
3593:
Delbianco, Alice; Gibin, Davide; Pasinato, Luca; Morelli, Massimiliano (2021).
2505:
2427:
1714:
in California in 1996; it spreads PD much more extensively than other vectors.
5704:
5586:
5434:
5336:
5028:
5003:
4677:"Pflanzen-Killerbakterium: Teile von Zeulenroda-Triebes zur Sperrzone erklärt"
4346:
3792:
3028:
2343:
2253:
1800:
1780:
1776:
1699:
1613:
1579:
1553:
1545:
1489:
1409:
1395:
1357:
1323:
1295:
1215:
1181:
1117:
1101:
981:
889:
865:
835:
821:
690:
657:
601:
578:
488:
396:
pathogenic. It does colonize grape vines but rarely and less severely.) Zhang
389:
210:(OQDS), and citrus variegated chlorosis (CVC). While the largest outbreaks of
5037:
4910:
4355:
4279:
4156:
4091:
3919:
3910:
3857:
3832:"Introduction and adaptation of an emerging pathogen to olive trees in Italy"
3800:
3750:
3697:
3628:
3620:
3568:
3502:
3395:
3330:
3281:
3155:
3090:
3036:
2884:
2825:
2768:
2708:
2643:
2586:
2513:
2435:
2411:
2351:
2261:
2213:
2163:
1929:
By 2015, the disease had infected up to a million olive trees in Apulia and
5843:
5506:
5346:
5264:
5135:
3065:
Purcell, Alexander (4 August 2013). "Paradigms: Examples from the Bacterium
2489:
2319:
2237:
2006:
1804:
1788:
1567:
1457:
1387:
1361:
1299:
1287:
1233:
1221:
1175:
1161:
1129:
1095:
1029:
931:
909:
849:
727:
551:
504:
246:
5913:
4918:
4710:[Europe's most dangerous plant pest invades the Balearic Islands].
4526:
4148:
4082:
4065:
4009:
3937:
3875:
3808:
3758:
3646:
3576:
3520:
3413:
3289:
3197:
3163:
3098:
2989:
2902:
2833:
2776:
2726:
2661:
2604:
2521:
2318:
Martelli, G. P.; Boscia, D.; Porcelli, F.; Saponari, M. (1 February 2016).
2279:
2221:
2122:
4373:[Xylella, new outbreak alarm, for the EU all of Puglia affected].
4132:
4064:
Haviland, David R; Stone-Smith, Beth; Gonzalez, Minerva (1 January 2021).
3848:
3494:
487:
Severe PD symptoms include shriveled fruit, leaf scorching, and premature
340:
and also affects South American coffee crops, causing coffee leaf scorch.
5774:
5689:
5463:
5311:
5269:
5257:
4622:[A first case of the plant killer bacterium discovered in Nice].
3959:
3727:"Coffee Leaf Scorch Caused by a Strain of Xylella fastidiosa from Citrus"
2700:
2238:"Spittlebugs as vectors of Xylella fastidiosa in olive orchards in Italy"
2033:
was sequenced by a pool of over 30 research laboratories in the state of
2010:
1973:
1846:
1660:
1636:
1607:
1517:
1475:
1467:
1437:
1433:
1423:
1319:
1261:
1203:
1197:
1153:
1105:
1049:
1033:
1025:
1017:
995:
951:
923:
881:
873:
777:
733:
649:
279:
57:
4517:
4287:
4259:
3387:
3007:, the causal agent of CVC, is not transmitted from seeds to seedlings".
5861:
5809:
5804:
5521:
5516:
5473:
5424:
5331:
4371:"Xylella, allarme nuovi focolai, per la Ue interessata tutta la Puglia"
3182:
1969:
1934:
1648:
1599:
1571:
1495:
1343:
1339:
1311:
1303:
1283:
1269:
1229:
1225:
1207:
1185:
1087:
1069:
1021:
1013:
1009:
987:
973:
877:
869:
861:
702:
676:
332:, and is thought to originate in temperate and southern North America.
270:
107:
5887:
4464:"Expert Says Eradication of New Olive Tree Disease in Europe Unlikely"
3689:
3311:
Gross, Dennis C.; Lichens-Park, Ann; Kole, Chittaranjan, eds. (2014).
2635:
2474:
2154:
2137:
2104:
433:, or both. These plant defenses do not seem to hinder the movement of
174:) and is transmitted exclusively by xylem sap-feeding insects such as
4937:
4901:
4872:
3543:: Cause of Pierce's Disease of Grapevine and Other Emergent Diseases"
2759:
2742:
1995:
1883:
1807:, and possibly in other parts of Central and South America. In 2010,
1671:
1585:
1559:
1481:
1463:
1441:
1383:
1331:
1315:
1307:
1279:
1135:
1121:
1113:
1037:
1001:
857:
827:
809:
791:
787:
783:
653:
645:
559:
516:
401:
337:
234:
219:
215:
5751:
3663:
671:
can be a limiting factor in fruit crop production, particularly for
5848:
4620:"Un premier cas de la bactérie tueuse de végétaux découvert à Nice"
4542:"Italy warns deadly olive tree bacteria could spread across Europe"
3983:
The California Vine Disease: A Preliminary Report of Investigations
363:
that can completely block the water transport in affected vessels.
5439:
5275:
5237:
3178:
1977:
1887:
1879:
1865:
1840:
1621:
1499:
1449:
1369:
1275:
1167:
1041:
895:
813:
421:
360:
325:
321:
266:
206:, and the economically important Pierce's disease of grapes (PD),
171:
5130:
4406:. European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organization (EPPO)
5699:
5541:
5496:
4207:
2377:"Minimizing the Spread of Disease in Italy's Famous Olive Trees"
1942:
765:
329:
287:
5835:
5755:
5179:
4957:"Glassy-winged Sharpshooter and Pierce's Disease in California"
4222:"Public Intellectual Property Resource for Agriculture (PIPRA)"
4035:
A History of Wine in America from the Beginnings to Prohibition
5175:
4708:"La plaga vegetal más peligrosa de Europa invade las Baleares"
2743:"The genome sequence of the plant pathogen Xylella fastidiosa"
1335:
1055:
4131:
Pollard, Herschel N.; Kaloostian, George H. (1 August 1961).
274:
insects directly into xylem, but infected plant material for
573:
occurs worldwide, though its diseases are most prominent in
265:
is rod-shaped, and at least one subspecies has two types of
2138:"Sharpshooters: a review of what moves Xylella fastidiosa"
1690:, where it was known as "Anaheim disease". The disease is
3956:"'Major consequences' if olive disease spreads across EU"
1972:
in an oleander plant. In January 2017 it was detected in
1739:
threat. No cure has been found, but the understanding of
1670:
Both almond and oleander plants in the Italian region of
1747:, in collaboration with different universities, such as
4225:
170:, that grows in the water transport tissues of plants (
2921:
Mizell, Russell F.; Andersen; Tipping (January 2003).
503:
This disease is named after the characteristic spotty
5729:
1766:
Public Intellectual Property Resource for Agriculture
4976:
4436:. Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs
3112:
3110:
3108:
5764:
5667:
5624:
5530:
5487:
5405:
5362:
5292:
5213:
3303:
3301:
3299:
1878:In October 2013, the bacterium was found infecting
1647:strain that has become prevalent in California and
660:. However, the vast majority of host plants remain
577:habitats including the southeastern United States,
453:can be found in about 600 different plant species.
4790:(XYLEFA) [Portugal]| EPPO Global Database"
4501:(2). American Phytopathological Society: 175–186.
4032:
359:forms a biofilm-like layer within xylem cells and
5051:la più grave minaccia dell'olivicoltura italiana"
3537:Hopkins, D. L.; Purcell, A. H. (1 October 2002).
5016:International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology
4819:(XYLEFA) [Israel]| EPPO Global Database"
1682:Pierce's disease (PD) was discovered in 1892 by
404:distance between pathogenic and EB92-1 strains.
4315:California Department of Food & Agriculture
1635:Oleander leaf scorch is a disease of landscape
714:Susceptible Plants (recreated from EFSA Panel)
182:. Many plant diseases are due to infections of
3445:Almedia, Rodrigo (2013). "Xylella Fastidiosa".
282:) can produce mature plants that also have an
5191:
2192:and their relation to disease epidemiology".
1915:complesso del disseccamento rapido dell'olivo
1745:California Department of Food and Agriculture
392:of its relatives. (Really it is dramatically
8:
5644:Effects of climate change on wine production
4264:: ITS Biology, Diagnosis, Control and Risks"
1827:. The first generation was 50% high-quality
1694:in Northern California, being spread by the
1674:have also tested positive for the pathogen.
679:and grapes in California. In South America,
4873:"The genome sequence of the plant pathogen
4039:. University of California Press. pp.
3123:: Insights into an Emerging Plant Pathogen"
2371:
2369:
1723:itself dies. The proximity of vineyards to
5752:
5198:
5184:
5176:
4938:"CDFA - Pierce's Disease Research Updates"
3351:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
1926:Cellina di Nardò and Ogliarola salentina.
708:
466:Drooping appearance and shorter internodes
31:
20:
5027:
4900:
4516:
4506:
4345:
4170:
4168:
4166:
4081:
3927:
3909:
3865:
3847:
3636:
3558:
3510:
3403:
2979:
2892:
2815:
2758:
2716:
2651:
2594:
2269:
2153:
2112:
5060:(in Italian) (16): 36–42. Archived from
4394:
4392:
664:, making them reservoirs for infection.
16:Bacteria harming plants, including crops
5736:
4457:
4455:
4453:
4451:
3992:United States Department of Agriculture
3949:
3947:
3892:European Food Safety Authority (2020).
2076:
463:Dwarfing or lack of growth of the plant
222:, and a few other countries worldwide.
6024:Bacterial plant pathogens and diseases
5125:- the Bacterial Diversity Metadatabase
4600:. European Commission. 17 October 2016
3459:
3448:
3344:
3274:10.1146/annurev.phyto.45.062806.094342
2927:Diseases and Their Leafhopper Vectors"
2681:Applied and Environmental Microbiology
614:, hypothesized that plants foreign to
4070:Journal of Integrated Pest Management
3887:
3885:
3770:
3768:
3720:
3718:
3532:
3530:
3440:
3438:
3436:
3434:
3313:Genomics of plant-associated bacteria
3251:
3249:
3060:
3058:
3056:
3054:
2916:
2914:
2912:
2404:
2402:
2206:10.1146/annurev.ento.49.061802.123403
2001:In June 2017, it was detected in the
1706:habitats. It became a real threat to
478:hardening and size reduction of fruit
457:Withering and desiccation of branches
7:
5976:3f9213b5-c529-4459-b32e-3e7bebaf3624
2962:Hill, B. L.; Purcell, A. H. (1997).
2934:University of Florida IFAS Extension
2861:via Pilus-Driven Twitching Motility"
2183:
2181:
2082:
2080:
1917:). The disease causes withering and
1905:The cycle in olives has been called
1718:Symptoms of infection on grape vines
4491:in Olive in Apulia: Where We Stand"
4258:Janse, J.D.; Obradovic, A. (2010).
3994:, Division of Vegetable Pathology.
3678:British Society for Plant Pathology
3148:10.1146/annurev-phyto-080417-045849
3083:10.1146/annurev-phyto-082712-102325
3009:European Journal of Plant Pathology
2324:European Journal of Plant Pathology
1757:University of California, Riverside
1731:Collaborative efforts for solutions
648:, but it has also been reported in
469:Shriveled fruits on infected plants
5248:International Grape Genome Program
4540:Squires, Nick (27 February 2015).
4369:Spagnolo, Chiara (29 April 2015).
4111:Texas Plant Disease Diagnostic Lab
2798:Lindow, Steven (1 February 2019).
2385:University of California, Berkeley
1937:, By October 2015, it had reached
1753:University of California, Berkeley
258:Pathogen anatomy and disease cycle
245:responsible for citrus variegated
14:
5228:Annual growth cycle of grapevines
3380:American Society for Microbiology
3202:(Pierce's disease of grapevines)"
5739:
5716:
5715:
5088:
2877:10.1128/jb.187.16.5560-5567.2005
44:
4959:. December 2002. Archived from
4843:NTC, À Punt (11 January 2023).
4462:Butler, Julie (29 March 2014).
3954:Kinver, Mark (9 January 2015).
3262:Annual Review of Phytopathology
3131:Annual Review of Phytopathology
3071:Annual Review of Phytopathology
1749:University of California, Davis
4985:. 10 July 2006. Archived from
4204:PIPRA Pierce's Disease website
4137:Journal of Economic Entomology
3980:Pierce, Newton Barris (1892).
3613:European Food Safety Authority
3315:. Heidelberg. pp. x+278.
1761:University of Houston–Downtown
320:affects many trees, including
1:
5675:Glossary of viticulture terms
5307:Diurnal temperature variation
3240:10.1127/entomologia/2019/0811
2981:10.1094/phyto.1997.87.12.1197
2039:São Paulo Research Foundation
1870:An olive grove infested with
237:formation), and formation of
5685:Glossary of winemaking terms
4107:"Pierce's Disease on grapes"
3560:10.1094/pdis.2002.86.10.1056
2817:10.1094/PHYTO-09-18-0325-PER
1907:olive quick decline syndrome
294:), as its specific epithet,
254:and the diseases it causes.
208:olive quick decline syndrome
4975:CDFA PD/GWSS Board Website
4683:(in German). Archived from
4652:(in French). Archived from
4626:(in French). 9 October 2015
4508:10.1094/PHYTO-08-18-0319-FI
3781:The Journal of Microbiology
2381:Our Environment at Berkeley
2194:Annual Review of Entomology
697:. After an insect acquires
499:Citrus variegated chlorosis
475:gum-like substance on leave
6047:
6009:Bacteria described in 1987
5454:Integrated pest management
4942:piercesdisease.cdfa.ca.gov
4268:Journal of Plant Pathology
4176:Oxford Companion to Wine.
3988:Government Printing Office
3743:10.1094/PDIS.2001.85.5.501
2506:10.1094/PHYTO-03-22-0105-R
2428:10.1007/s40858-020-00358-5
1959:). This is the subspecies
1947:Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur
1708:California's wine industry
1653:glassy-winged sharpshooter
472:Premature fruit abscission
6019:Bacterial citrus diseases
5713:
5649:Environmental stewardship
5029:10.1099/00207713-37-2-136
4977:PD/GWSS Interactive Forum
4347:10.21273/HORTSCI.46.5.817
3793:10.1007/s12275-008-0072-8
3029:10.1007/s10658-014-0415-8
2624:Molecular Plant Pathology
2463:Journal of Phytopathology
2344:10.1007/s10658-015-0784-7
2254:10.1007/s10340-016-0793-0
2093:Molecular Plant Pathology
1775:varieties are known, and
416:, plants infected with a
400:, 2011 finds very little
136:
129:
41:Scientific classification
39:
30:
23:
6014:Bacterial grape diseases
5577:Great French Wine Blight
5045:Catalano, Luigi (2015).
4105:Meyer, Brittnay (2018).
3911:10.2903/j.efsa.2020.6114
3621:10.2903/j.efsa.2021.6674
2416:Tropical Plant Pathology
1874:in Puglia, Italy in 2019
5659:Sustainable agriculture
5440:Frost damage prevention
5322:Regional climate levels
4031:Pinney, Thomas (1989).
3371:Journal of Bacteriology
2865:Journal of Bacteriology
2857:"Upstream Migration of
2242:Journal of Pest Science
2057:Homalodisca vitripennis
1882:trees in the region of
1696:blue-green sharpshooter
482:
162:bacterium of the genus
5680:Glossary of wine terms
4983:"Oleander leaf scorch"
4330:"'Victoria Red' Grape"
4302:PD/GWSS Board bulletin
2587:10.1093/aobpla/plab027
1987:was first detected in
1953:myrtle-leaf milkwort (
1914:
1875:
1858:
621:s area of origin, the
276:vegetative propagation
5058:L'Informatore Agrario
3990:, Washington, DC US:
3849:10.1099/mgen.0.000735
3495:10.1104/pp.112.208157
3228:Entomologia Generalis
2051:Bacterial leaf scorch
1869:
1844:
1797:Luis G. Jiménez-Arias
1698:, which attacks only
1657:Homalodisca coagulata
581:, and South America.
491:of leaves, with bare
231:plant immune response
188:bacterial leaf scorch
4989:on 18 September 2006
4564:"Olive oil dries up"
4318:, Spring 2007 (p. 2)
4149:10.1093/jee/54.4.810
4083:10.1093/jipm/pmab008
2701:10.1128/AEM.00895-07
495:remaining on stems.
192:oleander leaf scorch
5634:Adaptive management
5160:European Commission
4893:2000Natur.406..151S
4434:Plant Health Portal
4404:in the EPPO region"
3388:10.1128/jb.05430-11
3183:0000-0002-0575-195X
3021:2014EJPP..139..593C
2943:on 25 February 2021
2693:2007ApEnM..73.7252R
2336:2016EJPP..144..235M
2064:Philaenus spumarius
1994:s native range, in
1956:Polygala myrtifolia
715:
710:List of Subspecies
388:which is used as a
376:is a nonpathogenic
204:phony peach disease
78:Gammaproteobacteria
5940:xylella-fastidiosa
5796:Xylella fastidiosa
5766:Xylella fastidiosa
5552:Botrytis bunch rot
5372:Grapevine planting
5302:Climate categories
5119:Xylella fastidiosa
5106:Xylella fastidiosa
5049:Xylella fastidiosa
5006:Xylella fastidiosa
4875:Xylella fastidiosa
4817:Xylella fastidiosa
4788:Xylella fastidiosa
4706:Elcacho, Joaquim.
4681:Antenne Thueringen
4592:Xylella fastidiosa
4489:Xylella fastidiosa
4428:Xylella fastidiosa
4402:Xylella fastidiosa
4308:2015-05-18 at the
4262:Xylella Fastidiosa
4208:"Pierce's disease"
4178:"Pierce's disease"
3836:Microbial Genomics
3541:Xylella fastidiosa
3364:Xylella fastidiosa
3258:Xylella fastidiosa
3200:Xylella fastidiosa
3121:Xylella fastidiosa
3067:Xylella fastidiosa
3005:Xylella fastidiosa
2925:Xylella Fastidiosa
2859:Xylella fastidiosa
2548:www.efsa.europa.eu
2294:"Pierce's Disease"
2190:Xylella fastidiosa
2142:Austral Entomology
2005:, specifically in
1983:Notably, in 2016,
1931:Xylella fastidiosa
1876:
1859:
709:
558:was discovered in
526:Almond leaf scorch
361:tracheary elements
263:Xylella fastidiosa
226:Xylella fastidiosa
196:coffee leaf scorch
155:Xylella fastidiosa
146:Wells et al., 1987
140:Xylella fastidiosa
122:X. fastidiosa
25:Xylella fastidiosa
5996:
5995:
5758:Taxon identifiers
5727:
5726:
5572:Grapevine yellows
5140:. 2 February 2021
4887:(6792): 151–157.
4687:on 27 August 2016
4656:on 23 August 2016
4466:. Olive Oil Times
4400:"First report of
4174:winepros.com.au.
3690:10.1111/ppa.13076
3615:(Wiley): e06674.
3553:(10): 1056–1066.
3458:Missing or empty
3339:978-3-642-55377-6
3322:978-3-642-55378-3
2974:(12): 1197–1201.
2871:(16): 5560–5567.
2753:(6792): 151–157.
2687:(22): 7252–7258.
2636:10.1111/mpp.13016
2550:. 12 January 2022
2500:(11): 2296–2309.
2475:10.1111/jph.12075
2155:10.1111/aen.12397
2105:10.1111/mpp.12585
2035:São Paulo, Brazil
2025:Genome sequencing
2003:Iberian peninsula
1985:olive leaf scorch
1892:Province of Lecce
1628:
1627:
608:Alexander Purcell
594:seasonal rainfall
414:macroscopic scale
151:
150:
6036:
5989:
5988:
5979:
5978:
5969:
5968:
5956:
5955:
5953:NHMSYS0021158671
5943:
5942:
5930:
5929:
5917:
5916:
5904:
5903:
5891:
5890:
5878:
5877:
5865:
5864:
5852:
5851:
5839:
5838:
5826:
5825:
5813:
5812:
5800:
5799:
5798:
5785:
5784:
5783:
5753:
5744:
5743:
5742:
5735:
5719:
5718:
5603:Uncinula necator
5592:Pierce's disease
5200:
5193:
5186:
5177:
5172:
5170:
5168:
5163:. 30 August 2017
5149:
5147:
5145:
5092:
5091:
5076:
5074:
5072:
5066:
5055:
5041:
5031:
4998:
4996:
4994:
4972:
4970:
4968:
4952:
4950:
4948:
4923:
4922:
4904:
4902:10.1038/35018003
4867:
4861:
4860:
4858:
4856:
4840:
4834:
4833:
4831:
4829:
4811:
4805:
4804:
4802:
4800:
4782:
4776:
4775:
4773:
4771:
4756:
4750:
4749:
4747:
4745:
4730:
4724:
4723:
4721:
4719:
4703:
4697:
4696:
4694:
4692:
4675:Schröder, Elke.
4672:
4666:
4665:
4663:
4661:
4642:
4636:
4635:
4633:
4631:
4616:
4610:
4609:
4607:
4605:
4586:
4580:
4579:
4577:
4575:
4560:
4554:
4553:
4551:
4549:
4537:
4531:
4530:
4520:
4510:
4482:
4476:
4475:
4473:
4471:
4459:
4446:
4445:
4443:
4441:
4422:
4416:
4415:
4413:
4411:
4396:
4387:
4386:
4384:
4382:
4366:
4360:
4359:
4349:
4325:
4319:
4298:
4292:
4291:
4255:
4249:
4248:
4236:
4230:
4229:
4228:on 5 March 2016.
4224:. Archived from
4218:
4212:
4211:
4200:
4194:
4193:
4191:
4189:
4184:on 8 August 2008
4180:. Archived from
4172:
4161:
4160:
4128:
4122:
4121:
4119:
4117:
4102:
4096:
4095:
4085:
4061:
4055:
4054:
4038:
4028:
4022:
4013:
3977:
3971:
3970:
3968:
3966:
3951:
3942:
3941:
3931:
3913:
3889:
3880:
3879:
3869:
3851:
3827:
3821:
3820:
3772:
3763:
3762:
3722:
3713:
3709:
3658:
3640:
3587:
3581:
3580:
3562:
3534:
3525:
3524:
3514:
3489:(3): 1529–1541.
3483:Plant Physiology
3474:
3468:
3467:
3461:
3456:
3454:
3446:
3442:
3429:
3425:
3407:
3356:
3350:
3342:
3305:
3294:
3293:
3253:
3244:
3243:
3234:(3–4): 157–181.
3223:
3217:
3216:
3214:
3212:
3194:
3188:
3186:
3175:
3127:
3114:
3103:
3102:
3062:
3049:
3048:
3000:
2994:
2993:
2983:
2959:
2953:
2952:
2950:
2948:
2942:
2936:. Archived from
2931:
2918:
2907:
2906:
2896:
2852:
2846:
2845:
2819:
2795:
2789:
2788:
2762:
2760:10.1038/35018003
2737:
2731:
2730:
2720:
2672:
2666:
2665:
2655:
2615:
2609:
2608:
2598:
2566:
2560:
2559:
2557:
2555:
2540:
2534:
2533:
2485:
2479:
2478:
2454:
2448:
2447:
2406:
2397:
2396:
2394:
2392:
2373:
2364:
2363:
2315:
2309:
2308:
2306:
2304:
2290:
2284:
2283:
2273:
2232:
2226:
2225:
2185:
2176:
2175:
2157:
2133:
2127:
2126:
2116:
2084:
2037:, funded by the
1993:
1949:, affecting the
1856:Phoenix, Arizona
1684:Newton B. Pierce
1526:Scrophulariaceae
716:
644:host plants are
620:
544:
543:
538:
537:
528:
527:
483:Pierce's disease
385:
375:
374:
315:
314:
142:
98:Xanthomonadaceae
49:
48:
35:
21:
6046:
6045:
6039:
6038:
6037:
6035:
6034:
6033:
6029:Xanthomonadales
5999:
5998:
5997:
5992:
5984:
5982:
5974:
5972:
5964:
5959:
5951:
5946:
5938:
5933:
5925:
5920:
5912:
5907:
5899:
5894:
5886:
5881:
5873:
5868:
5860:
5855:
5847:
5842:
5834:
5829:
5821:
5816:
5808:
5803:
5794:
5793:
5788:
5779:
5778:
5773:
5760:
5750:
5740:
5738:
5730:
5728:
5723:
5709:
5695:Outline of wine
5663:
5654:Organic farming
5639:Biodynamic wine
5626:
5620:
5611:Red spider mite
5532:
5526:
5483:
5445:Green harvest (
5430:Erosion control
5407:
5401:
5382:Row orientation
5364:
5358:
5294:
5288:
5233:Grape varieties
5215:
5209:
5204:
5166:
5164:
5152:
5143:
5141:
5129:
5117:Type strain of
5113:
5112:
5111:
5093:
5089:
5084:
5079:
5070:
5068:
5067:on 18 June 2018
5064:
5053:
5044:
5001:
4992:
4990:
4981:
4966:
4964:
4955:
4946:
4944:
4936:
4932:
4930:Further reading
4927:
4926:
4869:
4868:
4864:
4854:
4852:
4842:
4841:
4837:
4827:
4825:
4813:
4812:
4808:
4798:
4796:
4784:
4783:
4779:
4769:
4767:
4758:
4757:
4753:
4743:
4741:
4732:
4731:
4727:
4717:
4715:
4705:
4704:
4700:
4690:
4688:
4674:
4673:
4669:
4659:
4657:
4644:
4643:
4639:
4629:
4627:
4618:
4617:
4613:
4603:
4601:
4588:
4587:
4583:
4573:
4571:
4562:
4561:
4557:
4547:
4545:
4544:. The Telegraph
4539:
4538:
4534:
4484:
4483:
4479:
4469:
4467:
4461:
4460:
4449:
4439:
4437:
4424:
4423:
4419:
4409:
4407:
4398:
4397:
4390:
4380:
4378:
4368:
4367:
4363:
4327:
4326:
4322:
4310:Wayback Machine
4299:
4295:
4257:
4256:
4252:
4238:
4237:
4233:
4220:
4219:
4215:
4202:
4201:
4197:
4187:
4185:
4175:
4173:
4164:
4130:
4129:
4125:
4115:
4113:
4104:
4103:
4099:
4063:
4062:
4058:
4051:
4030:
4029:
4025:
4002:
3979:
3978:
3974:
3964:
3962:
3953:
3952:
3945:
3891:
3890:
3883:
3829:
3828:
3824:
3774:
3773:
3766:
3724:
3723:
3716:
3712:
3669:Plant Pathology
3661:
3595:"Update of the
3592:
3588:
3584:
3536:
3535:
3528:
3476:
3475:
3471:
3457:
3447:
3444:
3443:
3432:
3428:
3359:
3343:
3323:
3310:
3306:
3297:
3255:
3254:
3247:
3225:
3224:
3220:
3210:
3208:
3196:
3195:
3191:
3176:
3125:
3116:
3115:
3106:
3064:
3063:
3052:
3002:
3001:
2997:
2961:
2960:
2956:
2946:
2944:
2940:
2929:
2920:
2919:
2910:
2854:
2853:
2849:
2797:
2796:
2792:
2739:
2738:
2734:
2674:
2673:
2669:
2617:
2616:
2612:
2568:
2567:
2563:
2553:
2551:
2542:
2541:
2537:
2487:
2486:
2482:
2456:
2455:
2451:
2408:
2407:
2400:
2390:
2388:
2375:
2374:
2367:
2317:
2316:
2312:
2302:
2300:
2292:
2291:
2287:
2234:
2233:
2229:
2187:
2186:
2179:
2135:
2134:
2130:
2086:
2085:
2078:
2073:
2047:
2027:
2019:
1991:
1939:Mainland France
1900:Northern Europe
1864:
1847:Nerium oleander
1821:V. rotundifolia
1793:V. rotundifolia
1783:are especially
1733:
1720:
1712:Temecula Valley
1680:
1641:Nerium oleander
1633:
635:
618:
610:, an expert on
568:
541:
540:
535:
534:
525:
524:
513:
501:
485:
410:
383:
372:
371:
369:
318:X. f. multiplex
306:
305:
260:
158:is an aerobic,
147:
144:
138:
125:
88:Xanthomonadales
43:
17:
12:
11:
5:
6044:
6043:
6040:
6032:
6031:
6026:
6021:
6016:
6011:
6001:
6000:
5994:
5993:
5991:
5990:
5980:
5970:
5957:
5944:
5931:
5918:
5905:
5892:
5879:
5866:
5853:
5840:
5827:
5814:
5801:
5786:
5770:
5768:
5762:
5761:
5756:
5749:
5748:
5725:
5724:
5714:
5711:
5710:
5708:
5707:
5702:
5697:
5692:
5687:
5682:
5677:
5671:
5669:
5665:
5664:
5662:
5661:
5656:
5651:
5646:
5641:
5636:
5630:
5628:
5622:
5621:
5619:
5618:
5613:
5608:
5607:
5606:
5597:Powdery mildew
5594:
5589:
5584:
5579:
5574:
5569:
5564:
5559:
5554:
5549:
5544:
5538:
5536:
5528:
5527:
5525:
5524:
5519:
5514:
5509:
5504:
5499:
5493:
5491:
5485:
5484:
5482:
5481:
5476:
5471:
5466:
5461:
5456:
5451:
5447:Vendange verte
5442:
5437:
5432:
5427:
5422:
5417:
5411:
5409:
5403:
5402:
5400:
5399:
5394:
5389:
5387:Trellis design
5384:
5379:
5374:
5368:
5366:
5360:
5359:
5357:
5356:
5355:
5354:
5349:
5344:
5334:
5329:
5324:
5319:
5314:
5309:
5304:
5298:
5296:
5290:
5289:
5287:
5286:
5283:Vitis vinifera
5279:
5272:
5267:
5262:
5250:
5245:
5240:
5235:
5230:
5225:
5219:
5217:
5211:
5210:
5205:
5203:
5202:
5195:
5188:
5180:
5174:
5173:
5150:
5127:
5094:
5087:
5086:
5085:
5083:
5082:External links
5080:
5078:
5077:
5042:
5022:(2): 136–143.
4999:
4979:
4973:
4953:
4933:
4931:
4928:
4925:
4924:
4862:
4835:
4806:
4777:
4751:
4725:
4698:
4667:
4637:
4611:
4581:
4570:. 31 July 2015
4555:
4532:
4495:Phytopathology
4477:
4447:
4417:
4388:
4361:
4340:(5): 817–820.
4320:
4293:
4250:
4231:
4213:
4195:
4162:
4143:(4): 810–811.
4123:
4097:
4056:
4050:978-0520062245
4049:
4023:
4001:978-1331970958
4000:
3972:
3943:
3881:
3842:(12): 000735.
3822:
3787:(5): 482–490.
3764:
3737:(5): 501–505.
3714:
3711:
3710:
3684:): 1458–1471.
3659:
3589:
3582:
3526:
3469:
3430:
3427:
3426:
3357:
3321:
3307:
3295:
3268:(1): 243–271.
3245:
3218:
3189:
3140:Annual Reviews
3104:
3077:(1): 339–356.
3050:
3015:(3): 593–596.
2995:
2968:Phytopathology
2954:
2908:
2847:
2810:(2): 210–212.
2804:Phytopathology
2790:
2732:
2667:
2630:(2): 175–188.
2610:
2581:(4): plab027.
2561:
2535:
2494:Phytopathology
2480:
2469:(6): 389–396.
2449:
2422:(3): 175–191.
2398:
2365:
2330:(2): 235–243.
2310:
2285:
2248:(2): 521–530.
2227:
2200:(1): 243–270.
2177:
2148:(2): 248–267.
2128:
2099:(4): 786–800.
2075:
2074:
2072:
2069:
2068:
2067:
2060:
2053:
2046:
2043:
2029:The genome of
2026:
2023:
2018:
2015:
1863:
1860:
1850:infected with
1835:were planted.
1773:Vitis vinifera
1771:Few resistant
1732:
1729:
1719:
1716:
1679:
1676:
1643:) caused by a
1632:
1629:
1626:
1625:
1618:Parthenocissus
1610:
1604:
1603:
1596:
1590:
1589:
1582:
1576:
1575:
1556:
1550:
1549:
1542:
1540:Simmondsiaceae
1536:
1535:
1528:
1522:
1521:
1510:
1504:
1503:
1492:
1486:
1485:
1478:
1472:
1471:
1460:
1454:
1453:
1426:
1420:
1419:
1412:
1406:
1405:
1398:
1392:
1391:
1380:
1374:
1373:
1354:
1348:
1347:
1272:
1266:
1265:
1258:
1252:
1251:
1244:
1242:Pittosporaceae
1238:
1237:
1218:
1212:
1211:
1200:
1194:
1193:
1178:
1172:
1171:
1164:
1158:
1157:
1150:
1144:
1143:
1132:
1126:
1125:
1098:
1092:
1091:
1084:
1078:
1077:
1066:
1060:
1059:
1052:
1046:
1045:
998:
992:
991:
984:
978:
977:
966:
964:Convolvulaceae
960:
959:
956:Symphoricarpos
948:
946:Caprifoliaceae
942:
941:
934:
928:
927:
920:
914:
913:
906:
900:
899:
892:
886:
885:
838:
832:
831:
824:
818:
817:
806:
800:
799:
780:
774:
773:
762:
756:
755:
744:
738:
737:
730:
724:
723:
720:
634:
631:
600:locations for
567:
564:
533:that includes
512:
509:
500:
497:
484:
481:
480:
479:
476:
473:
470:
467:
464:
461:
460:Leaf chlorosis
458:
440:Vitis vinifera
427:polysaccharide
409:
406:
368:
365:
259:
256:
241:. A strain of
168:plant pathogen
149:
148:
145:
134:
133:
127:
126:
119:
117:
113:
112:
105:
101:
100:
95:
91:
90:
85:
81:
80:
75:
71:
70:
68:Pseudomonadota
65:
61:
60:
55:
51:
50:
37:
36:
28:
27:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6042:
6041:
6030:
6027:
6025:
6022:
6020:
6017:
6015:
6012:
6010:
6007:
6006:
6004:
5987:
5981:
5977:
5971:
5967:
5962:
5958:
5954:
5949:
5945:
5941:
5936:
5932:
5928:
5923:
5919:
5915:
5910:
5906:
5902:
5897:
5893:
5889:
5884:
5880:
5876:
5871:
5867:
5863:
5858:
5854:
5850:
5845:
5841:
5837:
5832:
5828:
5824:
5819:
5815:
5811:
5806:
5802:
5797:
5791:
5787:
5782:
5776:
5772:
5771:
5769:
5767:
5763:
5759:
5754:
5747:
5737:
5733:
5722:
5712:
5706:
5703:
5701:
5698:
5696:
5693:
5691:
5688:
5686:
5683:
5681:
5678:
5676:
5673:
5672:
5670:
5666:
5660:
5657:
5655:
5652:
5650:
5647:
5645:
5642:
5640:
5637:
5635:
5632:
5631:
5629:
5623:
5617:
5614:
5612:
5609:
5605:
5604:
5600:
5599:
5598:
5595:
5593:
5590:
5588:
5585:
5583:
5580:
5578:
5575:
5573:
5570:
5568:
5565:
5563:
5560:
5558:
5555:
5553:
5550:
5548:
5545:
5543:
5540:
5539:
5537:
5535:
5529:
5523:
5520:
5518:
5515:
5513:
5510:
5508:
5505:
5503:
5500:
5498:
5495:
5494:
5492:
5490:
5486:
5480:
5477:
5475:
5472:
5470:
5467:
5465:
5462:
5460:
5457:
5455:
5452:
5450:
5448:
5443:
5441:
5438:
5436:
5433:
5431:
5428:
5426:
5423:
5421:
5418:
5416:
5413:
5412:
5410:
5404:
5398:
5395:
5393:
5392:Vine training
5390:
5388:
5385:
5383:
5380:
5378:
5375:
5373:
5370:
5369:
5367:
5361:
5353:
5350:
5348:
5345:
5343:
5340:
5339:
5338:
5335:
5333:
5330:
5328:
5325:
5323:
5320:
5318:
5315:
5313:
5310:
5308:
5305:
5303:
5300:
5299:
5297:
5293:Environmental
5291:
5285:
5284:
5280:
5278:
5277:
5273:
5271:
5268:
5266:
5263:
5260:
5259:
5254:
5251:
5249:
5246:
5244:
5241:
5239:
5236:
5234:
5231:
5229:
5226:
5224:
5221:
5220:
5218:
5212:
5208:
5201:
5196:
5194:
5189:
5187:
5182:
5181:
5178:
5162:
5161:
5155:
5151:
5139:
5137:
5132:
5128:
5126:
5124:
5120:
5115:
5114:
5109:
5108:
5107:
5101:
5097:
5081:
5063:
5059:
5052:
5050:
5043:
5039:
5035:
5030:
5025:
5021:
5017:
5013:
5011:
5007:
5000:
4988:
4984:
4980:
4978:
4974:
4963:on 9 May 2006
4962:
4958:
4954:
4943:
4939:
4935:
4934:
4929:
4920:
4916:
4912:
4908:
4903:
4898:
4894:
4890:
4886:
4882:
4878:
4876:
4866:
4863:
4850:
4846:
4839:
4836:
4824:
4820:
4818:
4810:
4807:
4795:
4791:
4789:
4781:
4778:
4765:
4761:
4755:
4752:
4739:
4738:La Vanguardia
4735:
4729:
4726:
4713:
4712:La Vanguardia
4709:
4702:
4699:
4686:
4682:
4678:
4671:
4668:
4655:
4651:
4647:
4641:
4638:
4625:
4621:
4615:
4612:
4599:
4595:
4593:
4585:
4582:
4569:
4568:The Economist
4565:
4559:
4556:
4543:
4536:
4533:
4528:
4524:
4519:
4514:
4509:
4504:
4500:
4496:
4492:
4490:
4481:
4478:
4465:
4458:
4456:
4454:
4452:
4448:
4435:
4431:
4429:
4421:
4418:
4405:
4403:
4395:
4393:
4389:
4376:
4375:La Repubblica
4372:
4365:
4362:
4357:
4353:
4348:
4343:
4339:
4335:
4331:
4324:
4321:
4317:
4316:
4311:
4307:
4304:
4303:
4297:
4294:
4289:
4285:
4281:
4277:
4273:
4269:
4265:
4263:
4254:
4251:
4247:(3): 243–247.
4246:
4242:
4235:
4232:
4227:
4223:
4217:
4214:
4209:
4205:
4199:
4196:
4183:
4179:
4171:
4169:
4167:
4163:
4158:
4154:
4150:
4146:
4142:
4138:
4134:
4127:
4124:
4112:
4108:
4101:
4098:
4093:
4089:
4084:
4079:
4075:
4071:
4067:
4060:
4057:
4052:
4046:
4042:
4037:
4036:
4027:
4024:
4020:
4016:
4011:
4007:
4003:
3997:
3993:
3989:
3986:. Bulletins.
3985:
3984:
3976:
3973:
3961:
3957:
3950:
3948:
3944:
3939:
3935:
3930:
3925:
3921:
3917:
3912:
3907:
3903:
3899:
3895:
3888:
3886:
3882:
3877:
3873:
3868:
3863:
3859:
3855:
3850:
3845:
3841:
3837:
3833:
3826:
3823:
3818:
3814:
3810:
3806:
3802:
3798:
3794:
3790:
3786:
3782:
3778:
3771:
3769:
3765:
3760:
3756:
3752:
3748:
3744:
3740:
3736:
3732:
3731:Plant Disease
3728:
3721:
3719:
3715:
3707:
3703:
3699:
3695:
3691:
3687:
3683:
3679:
3675:
3671:
3670:
3665:
3660:
3656:
3652:
3648:
3644:
3639:
3634:
3630:
3626:
3622:
3618:
3614:
3610:
3606:
3605:
3600:
3598:
3591:
3590:
3586:
3583:
3578:
3574:
3570:
3566:
3561:
3556:
3552:
3548:
3547:Plant Disease
3544:
3542:
3533:
3531:
3527:
3522:
3518:
3513:
3508:
3504:
3500:
3496:
3492:
3488:
3484:
3480:
3473:
3470:
3465:
3452:
3441:
3439:
3437:
3435:
3431:
3423:
3419:
3415:
3411:
3406:
3401:
3397:
3393:
3389:
3385:
3382:: 5576–5577.
3381:
3377:
3373:
3372:
3367:
3365:
3358:
3354:
3348:
3340:
3336:
3332:
3328:
3324:
3318:
3314:
3309:
3308:
3304:
3302:
3300:
3296:
3291:
3287:
3283:
3279:
3275:
3271:
3267:
3263:
3259:
3252:
3250:
3246:
3241:
3237:
3233:
3229:
3222:
3219:
3207:
3203:
3201:
3193:
3190:
3184:
3180:
3173:
3169:
3165:
3161:
3157:
3153:
3149:
3145:
3141:
3137:
3133:
3132:
3124:
3122:
3113:
3111:
3109:
3105:
3100:
3096:
3092:
3088:
3084:
3080:
3076:
3072:
3068:
3061:
3059:
3057:
3055:
3051:
3046:
3042:
3038:
3034:
3030:
3026:
3022:
3018:
3014:
3010:
3006:
2999:
2996:
2991:
2987:
2982:
2977:
2973:
2969:
2965:
2958:
2955:
2939:
2935:
2928:
2926:
2917:
2915:
2913:
2909:
2904:
2900:
2895:
2890:
2886:
2882:
2878:
2874:
2870:
2866:
2862:
2860:
2851:
2848:
2843:
2839:
2835:
2831:
2827:
2823:
2818:
2813:
2809:
2805:
2801:
2794:
2791:
2786:
2782:
2778:
2774:
2770:
2766:
2761:
2756:
2752:
2748:
2744:
2736:
2733:
2728:
2724:
2719:
2714:
2710:
2706:
2702:
2698:
2694:
2690:
2686:
2682:
2678:
2671:
2668:
2663:
2659:
2654:
2649:
2645:
2641:
2637:
2633:
2629:
2625:
2621:
2614:
2611:
2606:
2602:
2597:
2592:
2588:
2584:
2580:
2576:
2572:
2565:
2562:
2549:
2545:
2539:
2536:
2531:
2527:
2523:
2519:
2515:
2511:
2507:
2503:
2499:
2495:
2491:
2484:
2481:
2476:
2472:
2468:
2464:
2460:
2453:
2450:
2445:
2441:
2437:
2433:
2429:
2425:
2421:
2417:
2413:
2405:
2403:
2399:
2386:
2382:
2378:
2372:
2370:
2366:
2361:
2357:
2353:
2349:
2345:
2341:
2337:
2333:
2329:
2325:
2321:
2314:
2311:
2299:
2295:
2289:
2286:
2281:
2277:
2272:
2267:
2263:
2259:
2255:
2251:
2247:
2243:
2239:
2231:
2228:
2223:
2219:
2215:
2211:
2207:
2203:
2199:
2195:
2191:
2184:
2182:
2178:
2173:
2169:
2165:
2161:
2156:
2151:
2147:
2143:
2139:
2132:
2129:
2124:
2120:
2115:
2110:
2106:
2102:
2098:
2094:
2090:
2083:
2081:
2077:
2070:
2066:
2065:
2061:
2059:
2058:
2054:
2052:
2049:
2048:
2044:
2042:
2040:
2036:
2032:
2031:X. fastidiosa
2024:
2022:
2016:
2014:
2012:
2008:
2004:
1999:
1997:
1990:
1989:X. fastidiosa
1986:
1981:
1979:
1975:
1971:
1966:
1962:
1961:X. fastidiosa
1958:
1957:
1952:
1948:
1944:
1940:
1936:
1932:
1927:
1925:
1920:
1916:
1912:
1908:
1903:
1901:
1897:
1893:
1889:
1885:
1881:
1873:
1872:X. fastidiosa
1868:
1861:
1857:
1853:
1852:X. fastidiosa
1849:
1848:
1843:
1839:
1836:
1834:
1830:
1826:
1822:
1818:
1814:
1810:
1809:X. fastidiosa
1806:
1802:
1798:
1794:
1790:
1786:
1782:
1778:
1774:
1769:
1767:
1762:
1758:
1754:
1750:
1746:
1742:
1741:X. fastidiosa
1738:
1737:X. fastidiosa
1730:
1728:
1726:
1725:citrus groves
1717:
1715:
1713:
1709:
1705:
1701:
1697:
1693:
1689:
1685:
1677:
1675:
1673:
1668:
1666:
1662:
1658:
1654:
1650:
1646:
1645:X. fastidiosa
1642:
1638:
1630:
1624:
1623:
1619:
1615:
1611:
1609:
1606:
1605:
1602:
1601:
1597:
1595:
1592:
1591:
1588:
1587:
1583:
1581:
1578:
1577:
1574:
1573:
1569:
1565:
1561:
1557:
1555:
1552:
1551:
1548:
1547:
1543:
1541:
1538:
1537:
1534:
1533:
1529:
1527:
1524:
1523:
1520:
1519:
1515:
1511:
1509:
1506:
1505:
1502:
1501:
1497:
1493:
1491:
1488:
1487:
1484:
1483:
1479:
1477:
1474:
1473:
1470:
1469:
1465:
1461:
1459:
1456:
1455:
1452:
1451:
1447:
1443:
1439:
1435:
1431:
1427:
1425:
1422:
1421:
1418:
1417:
1413:
1411:
1408:
1407:
1404:
1403:
1399:
1397:
1394:
1393:
1390:
1389:
1385:
1381:
1379:
1378:Portulacaceae
1376:
1375:
1372:
1371:
1367:
1363:
1359:
1355:
1353:
1350:
1349:
1346:
1345:
1341:
1337:
1333:
1329:
1325:
1321:
1317:
1313:
1309:
1305:
1301:
1297:
1293:
1289:
1285:
1281:
1277:
1273:
1271:
1268:
1267:
1264:
1263:
1259:
1257:
1254:
1253:
1250:
1249:
1245:
1243:
1240:
1239:
1236:
1235:
1231:
1227:
1223:
1219:
1217:
1214:
1213:
1210:
1209:
1205:
1201:
1199:
1196:
1195:
1192:
1191:
1187:
1183:
1179:
1177:
1174:
1173:
1170:
1169:
1165:
1163:
1160:
1159:
1156:
1155:
1151:
1149:
1146:
1145:
1142:
1141:
1137:
1133:
1131:
1128:
1127:
1124:
1123:
1119:
1115:
1111:
1107:
1103:
1099:
1097:
1094:
1093:
1090:
1089:
1085:
1083:
1080:
1079:
1076:
1075:
1071:
1067:
1065:
1062:
1061:
1058:
1057:
1053:
1051:
1048:
1047:
1044:
1043:
1039:
1035:
1031:
1027:
1023:
1019:
1015:
1011:
1007:
1003:
999:
997:
994:
993:
990:
989:
985:
983:
980:
979:
976:
975:
971:
967:
965:
962:
961:
958:
957:
953:
949:
947:
944:
943:
940:
939:
935:
933:
930:
929:
926:
925:
921:
919:
916:
915:
912:
911:
907:
905:
902:
901:
898:
897:
893:
891:
888:
887:
884:
883:
879:
875:
871:
867:
863:
859:
855:
851:
847:
843:
839:
837:
834:
833:
830:
829:
825:
823:
820:
819:
816:
815:
811:
807:
805:
802:
801:
798:
797:
793:
789:
785:
781:
779:
776:
775:
772:
771:
770:Toxicodendron
767:
763:
761:
760:Anacardiaceae
758:
757:
754:
753:
749:
748:Alternanthera
745:
743:
742:Amaranthaceae
740:
739:
736:
735:
731:
729:
726:
725:
721:
718:
717:
713:
707:
704:
700:
699:X. fastidiosa
696:
692:
688:
687:X. fastidiosa
684:
682:
681:X. fastidiosa
678:
674:
670:
669:X. fastidiosa
665:
663:
659:
655:
651:
647:
643:
642:X. fastidiosa
639:
638:X. fastidiosa
632:
630:
628:
627:X. fastidiosa
624:
617:
616:X. fastidiosa
613:
612:X. fastidiosa
609:
605:
603:
599:
598:overwintering
595:
590:
587:
586:X. fastidiosa
582:
580:
576:
572:
571:X. fastidiosa
565:
563:
561:
557:
556:X. fastidiosa
553:
548:
547:X. fastidiosa
532:
531:in California
522:
518:
511:Leaf scorches
510:
508:
506:
498:
496:
494:
490:
477:
474:
471:
468:
465:
462:
459:
456:
455:
454:
452:
451:X. fastidiosa
448:
447:X. fastidiosa
444:
442:
441:
436:
435:X. fastidiosa
432:
428:
423:
419:
418:X. fastidiosa
415:
407:
405:
403:
399:
395:
391:
387:
379:
366:
364:
362:
358:
357:X. fastidiosa
354:
353:X. fastidiosa
349:
348:X. fastidiosa
345:
343:
339:
335:
331:
327:
324:ones such as
323:
319:
313:
309:
308:X. fastidiosa
303:
302:X. fastidiosa
299:
297:
293:
289:
285:
284:X. fastidiosa
281:
277:
272:
268:
264:
257:
255:
253:
252:X. fastidiosa
248:
244:
243:X. fastidiosa
240:
239:air embolisms
236:
232:
227:
223:
221:
217:
213:
212:X. fastidiosa
209:
205:
201:
200:alfalfa dwarf
197:
193:
189:
185:
184:X. fastidiosa
181:
177:
176:sharpshooters
173:
172:xylem vessels
169:
165:
161:
160:Gram-negative
157:
156:
143:
141:
135:
132:
131:Binomial name
128:
124:
123:
118:
115:
114:
111:
110:
106:
103:
102:
99:
96:
93:
92:
89:
86:
83:
82:
79:
76:
73:
72:
69:
66:
63:
62:
59:
56:
53:
52:
47:
42:
38:
34:
29:
26:
22:
19:
5765:
5601:
5591:
5567:Downy mildew
5479:Weed control
5469:Millerandage
5446:
5317:Microclimate
5281:
5274:
5256:
5243:Hybrid grape
5223:Ampelography
5216:horticulture
5165:. Retrieved
5157:
5142:. Retrieved
5134:
5122:
5118:
5104:
5103:
5102:profile for
5099:
5069:. Retrieved
5062:the original
5057:
5048:
5019:
5015:
5009:
5005:
4991:. Retrieved
4987:the original
4965:. Retrieved
4961:the original
4945:. Retrieved
4941:
4884:
4880:
4874:
4865:
4853:. Retrieved
4851:(in Catalan)
4848:
4838:
4826:. Retrieved
4822:
4816:
4809:
4797:. Retrieved
4793:
4787:
4780:
4768:. Retrieved
4766:(in Spanish)
4763:
4754:
4742:. Retrieved
4740:(in Spanish)
4737:
4728:
4716:. Retrieved
4714:(in Spanish)
4711:
4701:
4689:. Retrieved
4685:the original
4680:
4670:
4658:. Retrieved
4654:the original
4649:
4640:
4628:. Retrieved
4623:
4614:
4602:. Retrieved
4597:
4591:
4584:
4572:. Retrieved
4567:
4558:
4546:. Retrieved
4535:
4518:11586/226511
4498:
4494:
4488:
4480:
4468:. Retrieved
4438:. Retrieved
4433:
4427:
4420:
4408:. Retrieved
4401:
4379:. Retrieved
4377:(in Italian)
4374:
4364:
4337:
4333:
4323:
4313:
4301:
4296:
4271:
4267:
4261:
4253:
4244:
4240:
4234:
4226:the original
4216:
4203:
4198:
4186:. Retrieved
4182:the original
4140:
4136:
4126:
4114:. Retrieved
4110:
4100:
4073:
4069:
4059:
4034:
4026:
3982:
3975:
3963:. Retrieved
3901:
3898:EFSA Journal
3897:
3839:
3835:
3825:
3784:
3780:
3734:
3730:
3673:
3667:
3608:
3604:EFSA Journal
3602:
3596:
3585:
3550:
3546:
3540:
3486:
3482:
3472:
3375:
3369:
3363:
3312:
3265:
3261:
3257:
3231:
3227:
3221:
3209:. Retrieved
3206:www.cabi.org
3205:
3199:
3192:
3135:
3129:
3120:
3074:
3070:
3066:
3012:
3008:
3004:
2998:
2971:
2967:
2957:
2945:. Retrieved
2938:the original
2933:
2924:
2868:
2864:
2858:
2850:
2807:
2803:
2793:
2750:
2746:
2735:
2684:
2680:
2670:
2627:
2623:
2613:
2578:
2574:
2564:
2552:. Retrieved
2547:
2538:
2497:
2493:
2483:
2466:
2462:
2452:
2419:
2415:
2389:. Retrieved
2380:
2327:
2323:
2313:
2301:. Retrieved
2297:
2288:
2245:
2241:
2230:
2197:
2193:
2189:
2145:
2141:
2131:
2096:
2092:
2062:
2055:
2030:
2028:
2020:
2000:
1988:
1982:
1964:
1960:
1954:
1933:had reached
1930:
1928:
1904:
1895:
1886:in southern
1877:
1871:
1851:
1845:
1837:
1833:V. vinifera
1832:
1828:
1824:
1820:
1808:
1792:
1772:
1770:
1740:
1736:
1734:
1721:
1702:adjacent to
1681:
1669:
1664:
1656:
1644:
1640:
1634:
1612:
1598:
1584:
1564:Lycopersicon
1558:
1544:
1530:
1512:
1494:
1480:
1462:
1428:
1414:
1400:
1382:
1356:
1352:Polygonaceae
1274:
1260:
1246:
1220:
1202:
1190:Metrosideros
1180:
1166:
1152:
1148:Magnoliaceae
1140:Umbellularia
1134:
1100:
1086:
1082:Juglandaceae
1068:
1054:
1006:Chamaecrista
1000:
986:
968:
950:
936:
922:
918:Brassicaceae
908:
904:Boraginaceae
894:
854:Callistephus
840:
826:
808:
782:
764:
746:
732:
711:
698:
695:Cicadellinae
691:Cicadellidae
686:
685:
680:
675:in northern
673:stone fruits
668:
666:
662:asymptomatic
641:
637:
636:
633:Host species
626:
615:
611:
606:
591:
585:
584:Symptoms of
583:
570:
569:
555:
546:
514:
502:
486:
450:
446:
445:
438:
434:
429:-rich gels,
417:
411:
397:
393:
381:
370:
356:
352:
347:
346:
342:X. f. sandyi
341:
333:
317:
311:
307:
301:
300:
298:, reflects.
295:
283:
262:
261:
251:
242:
225:
224:
211:
186:, including
183:
163:
154:
153:
152:
139:
137:
121:
120:
108:
24:
18:
5883:iNaturalist
5790:Wikispecies
5377:Propagation
5214:Biology and
5207:Viticulture
5158:EIP-AGRI -
5131:"XF-ACTORS"
5071:15 February
5010:Xanthomonas
4993:15 February
4967:15 February
4947:15 February
4823:gd.eppo.int
4794:gd.eppo.int
4334:HortScience
4274:: S35–S48.
3142:: 181–202.
2947:30 November
1919:desiccation
1896:X. f. pauca
1862:Olive trees
1829:V. vinifera
1825:V. vinifera
1785:susceptible
1678:Grape vines
1594:Verbenaceae
1508:Sapindaceae
1430:Cotoneaster
1292:Echinochloa
1256:Platanaceae
1248:Pittosporum
1074:Pelargonium
1064:Geraniaceae
970:Convolvulus
804:Apocynaceae
752:Chenopodium
623:neotropical
602:leafhoppers
566:Environment
334:X. f. pauca
322:stone-fruit
180:spittlebugs
6003:Categories
5705:Winemaking
5627:and issues
5625:Approaches
5587:Phylloxera
5557:Bot canker
5459:Irrigation
5435:Fertilizer
5408:management
5337:Topography
5327:Soil types
4855:20 January
4764:20 Minutos
4718:24 January
4624:Nice Matin
4019:1331970954
3460:|url=
3211:6 November
2575:AoB Plants
2554:4 December
2303:4 December
2071:References
1951:non-native
1801:Costa Rica
1781:Pinot noir
1777:Chardonnay
1700:grapevines
1614:Ampelopsis
1580:Urticaceae
1554:Solanaceae
1546:Simmondsia
1490:Salicaceae
1410:Rhamnaceae
1396:Resedaceae
1358:Persicaria
1324:Pennisetum
1296:Eragrostis
1216:Onagraceae
1182:Eucalyptus
1118:Rosmarinus
1102:Callicarpa
982:Cyperaceae
890:Betulaceae
866:Helianthus
836:Asteraceae
822:Araliaceae
712:fastidiosa
693:subfamily
658:gymnosperm
579:California
489:abscission
390:biocontrol
312:fastidiosa
296:fastidiosa
292:fastidious
166:. It is a
5616:Vine moth
5582:Nematodes
5547:Black rot
5531:Pests and
5507:Noble rot
5502:Festivals
5347:elevation
5295:variation
5265:Rootstock
5136:XF-ACTORS
5038:0020-7713
4911:1476-4687
4691:23 August
4660:23 August
4630:9 October
4356:0018-5345
4280:1125-4653
4241:Turrialba
4157:1938-291X
4092:2155-7470
3920:1831-4732
3904:(4): 61.
3858:2057-5858
3801:1225-8873
3751:0191-2917
3706:199641165
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3629:1831-4732
3569:0191-2917
3503:0032-0889
3396:0021-9193
3347:cite book
3331:881817015
3282:0066-4286
3156:0066-4286
3091:0066-4286
3037:0929-1873
2885:0021-9193
2826:0031-949X
2769:1476-4687
2709:0099-2240
2644:1464-6722
2530:250218193
2514:0031-949X
2444:218652922
2436:1983-2052
2360:254475576
2352:1573-8469
2262:1612-4766
2214:0066-4170
2172:182504242
2164:2052-174X
2007:Guadalest
1965:multiplex
1924:cultivars
1805:Venezuela
1789:muscadine
1768:(PIPRA).
1637:oleanders
1568:Nicotiana
1458:Rubiaceae
1388:Portulaca
1362:Polygonum
1300:Eriochola
1288:Digitaria
1234:Oenothera
1222:Epilobium
1176:Myrtaceae
1162:Malvaceae
1130:Lauraceae
1096:Lamiaceae
1038:Trifolium
1030:Melilotus
932:Cannaceae
910:Amsinckia
862:Franseria
850:Baccharis
846:Artemisia
728:Adoxaceae
552:chlorosis
505:chlorosis
247:chlorosis
116:Species:
5901:10973480
5781:Q3019529
5775:Wikidata
5721:Category
5690:Oenology
5668:See also
5562:Dead arm
5534:diseases
5512:Ripeness
5464:Klopotec
5406:Vineyard
5365:planting
5363:Vineyard
5312:Drainage
5270:Vineyard
5258:Veraison
5253:Ripening
5167:30 March
5144:30 March
4919:10910347
4828:3 August
4799:3 August
4770:12 April
4527:30376439
4306:Archived
4288:41998754
3960:BBC News
3938:32874307
3876:34904938
3817:40097733
3809:18974947
3759:30823125
3647:34188716
3577:30818496
3521:23292789
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3414:21914886
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2222:14651464
2123:28742234
2045:See also
2011:Alicante
1974:Mallorca
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1704:riparian
1661:Oleander
1631:Oleander
1608:Vitaceae
1532:Veronica
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1476:Rutaceae
1468:Coprosma
1438:Photinia
1434:Fragaria
1424:Rosaceae
1328:Phalaris
1320:Paspalum
1262:Platanus
1204:Fraxinus
1198:Oleaceae
1154:Magnolia
1106:Origanum
1050:Fagaceae
1034:Spartium
1026:Medicago
1018:Lathyrus
996:Fabaceae
952:Lonicera
924:Brassica
882:Xanthium
874:Solidago
842:Ambrosia
796:Oenanthe
778:Apiaceae
734:Sambucus
650:monocots
575:riparian
536:CFBP8071
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493:petioles
408:Symptoms
280:grafting
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5986:2115838
5862:3222355
5805:BacDive
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5489:Harvest
5474:Pruning
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5096:Scholia
4889:Bibcode
4604:24 June
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3965:1 March
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3867:8767334
3638:8220458
3597:Xylella
3512:3585614
3422:7068164
3405:3187439
3017:Bibcode
2894:1196070
2718:2168192
2689:Bibcode
2653:7814960
2596:8300559
2332:Bibcode
2271:5320020
2114:6637975
1970:Germany
1963:subsp.
1941:, near
1935:Corsica
1911:Italian
1692:endemic
1688:Anaheim
1665:Xylella
1649:Arizona
1600:Duranta
1572:Solanum
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1416:Rhamnus
1344:Sorghum
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1312:Hordeum
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1284:Cynodon
1270:Poaceae
1230:Clarkia
1226:Fuchsia
1208:Syringa
1186:Eugenia
1110:Melissa
1088:Juglans
1070:Erodium
1056:Quercus
1022:Lupinus
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1010:Cytisus
988:Cyperus
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878:Sonchus
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703:foregut
677:Florida
431:tyloses
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367:Strains
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310:subsp.
271:biofilm
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1464:Coffea
1442:Prunus
1402:Reseda
1384:Montia
1332:Phleum
1316:Lolium
1308:Holcus
1280:Bromus
1136:Persea
1122:Salvia
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1002:Acacia
858:Conyza
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810:Nerium
792:Daucus
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4693:2016
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