XHTML - Knowledge (XXG)

3068:...If we tried to support real XHTML in IE 7 we would have ended up using our existing HTML parser (which is focused on compatibility) and hacking in XML constructs. It is highly unlikely we could support XHTML well in this way; in particular, we would certainly not detect a few error cases here or there, and we would silently support invalid cases. This would, of course, cause compatibility problems based on parser error handling in the future, which XML is explicitly trying to avoid; we don't want to cause another mess like the one with current HTML error handling (rooted in compatibility with earlier browsers – you can blame me for that personally somewhat, but not IE). I would much rather take the time to implement XHTML properly after IE 7, and have it be truly interoperable... 846:, introducing a major W3C effort to develop a new HTML specification, posted in his blog that "he attempt to get the world to switch to XML ... all at once didn't work. The large HTML-generating public did not move ... Some large communities did shift and are enjoying the fruits of well-formed systems ... The plan is to charter a completely new HTML group." The current HTML5 working draft says "special attention has been given to defining clear conformance criteria for user agents in an effort to improve interoperability ... while at the same time updating the HTML specifications to address issues raised in the past few years." 3904:... XHTML2... defines a new HTML vocabulary with better features for hyperlinks, multimedia content, annotating document edits, rich metadata, declarative interactive forms, and describing the semantics of human literary works such as poems and scientific papers... However, it lacks elements to express the semantics of many of the non-document types of content often seen on the Web. For instance, forum sites, auction sites, search engines, online shops, and the like, do not fit the document metaphor well and are not covered by XHTML2... 559:(DOM) is a tree structure that represents the page internally in applications, and XHTML and HTML are two different ways of representing that in markup. Both are less expressive than the DOM – for example, "--" may be placed in comments in the DOM, but cannot be represented in a comment in either XHTML or HTML – and generally, XHTML's XML syntax is more expressive than HTML (for example, arbitrary namespaces are not allowed in HTML). XHTML uses an XML syntax, while HTML uses a pseudo- 507:, in parallel to W3C standards such as XHTML 2.0. In 2007, the W3C's HTML working group voted to officially recognize HTML5 and work on it as the next-generation HTML standard. In 2009, the W3C allowed the XHTML 2.0 Working Group's charter to expire, acknowledging that HTML5 would be the sole next-generation HTML standard, including both XML and non-XML serializations. Of the two serializations, the W3C suggests that most authors use the HTML syntax, rather than the XHTML syntax. 867: 531:(SGML); however the specification for SGML was complex, and neither web browsers nor the HTML 4 Recommendation were fully conformant to it. The XML standard, approved in 1998, provided a simpler data format closer in simplicity to HTML 4. By shifting to an XML format, it was hoped HTML would become compatible with common XML tools; servers and proxies would be able to transform content, as necessary, for constrained devices such as mobile phones. By using 492:(W3C) also simultaneously maintained the HTML 4.01 Recommendation. In the XHTML 1.0 Recommendation document, as published and revised in August 2002, the W3C commented that "The XHTML family is the next step in the evolution of the Internet. By migrating to XHTML today, content developers can enter the XML world with all of its attendant benefits, while still remaining confident in their content's backward and future compatibility." 1137:. WAP Forum based their DTD on the W3C's Modularization of XHTML, incorporating the same modules the W3C used in XHTML Basic 1.0—except for the Target Module. Starting with this foundation, the WAP Forum replaced the Basic Forms Module with a partial implementation of the Forms Module, added partial support for the Legacy and Presentation modules, and added full support for the Style Attribute Module. 1466: 3346:"The plan is to charter a completely new HTML group. Unlike the previous one, this one will be chartered to do incremental improvements to HTML, as also in parallel XHTML. It will have a different chair and staff contact. It will work on HTML and xHTML together. We have strong support for this group, from many people we have talked to, including browser makers. 3314:

XHTML is the best thing since sliced bread when it comes to our fight for Web Standards. ... So to conclude, sending XHTML as text/html causes no damage or harm anywhere today, as long as your XHTML does validate. And, if you want Web Standards to become more and more widespread, stick to using XHTML and validate your pages.

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Some things are clearer with the hindsight of several years. It is necessary to evolve HTML incrementally. The attempt to get the world to switch to XML, including quotes around attribute values and slashes in empty tags and namespaces all at once didn't work. The large HTML-generating public did not

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Between August 2002 and July 2006, the W3C released eight Working Drafts of XHTML 2.0, a new version of XHTML able to make a clean break from the past by discarding the requirement of backward compatibility. This lack of compatibility with XHTML 1.x and HTML 4 caused some early controversy in the web

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There are not nearly as many disadvantages (if any) to sending XHTML as text/HTML as claims and the advantages I mentioned above make it well worth using in my humble opinion. There are some subtle footnotes and parentheticals indicating that the harmfulness only applies to authors that don't know

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The second edition of XHTML 1.1 was issued on 23 November 2010, which addresses various errata and adds an XML Schema implementation not included in the original specification. (It was first released briefly on 7 May 2009 as a "Proposed Edited Recommendation" before being rescinded on 19 May due to

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In the early 2000s, some Web developers began to question why Web authors ever made the leap into authoring in XHTML. Others countered that the problems ascribed to the use of XHTML could mostly be attributed to two main sources: the production of invalid XHTML documents by some Web authors and the

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Some people say XHTML on the Web has failed, but I say it is our biggest success in the fight for Web Standards. ... XHTML is a good thing for the web, though, and it's a shame that people are trying to make a case against it. To prove this, I'll flesh out the myth for you and then show you why

3103:...At this time, we're looking for developer feedback on our implementation of HTML5's parsing rules, Selection APIs, XHTML support, and inline SVG. Within CSS3, we're looking for developer feedback on IE9's support for Selectors, Namespaces, Colors, Values, Backgrounds and Borders, and Fonts.... 563:

syntax (officially SGML for HTML 4 and under, but never in practice, and standardized away from SGML in HTML5). Because the expressible contents of the DOM in syntax are slightly different, there are some changes in actual behavior between the two models. Syntax differences, however, can be

2829:... with an XML-based HTML other XML languages could include bits of XHTML, and XHTML documents could include bits of other markup languages. We could also take advantage of the redesign to clean up some of the more untidy parts of HTML and add some new needed functionality, like better forms... 1224:

and RDFa attributes) were subsequently split out of the specification and worked on as separate modules, partially to help make the transition from XHTML 1.x to XHTML 2.0 smoother. The ninth draft of XHTML 2.0 was expected to appear in 2009, but on 2 July 2009, the W3C decided to let the XHTML2

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Of all the versions of XHTML, XHTML Basic 1.0 provides the fewest features. With XHTML 1.1, it is one of the two first implementations of modular XHTML. In addition to the Core Modules (Structure, Text, Hypertext, and List), it implements the following abstract modules: Base, Basic Forms, Basic

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I've also been reading comments for some time in the IEBlog asking for support for the "application/xml+xhtml" MIME type in IE. I should say that IE7 will not add support for this MIME type – we will, of course, continue to read XHTML when served as "text/html", presuming it follows the HTML

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move, largely because the browsers didn't complain. Some large communities did shift and are enjoying the fruits of well-formed systems, but not all. It is important to maintain HTML incrementally, as well as continue a transition to well-formed world, and develop more power in that world.

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targets) might also be present. The XHTML2 WG had not been chartered to carry out the development of XHTML1.2. Since the W3C announced that it does not intend to recharter the XHTML2 WG, and closed the WG in December 2010, this means that XHTML 1.2 proposal would not eventuate.

1641:(the other quoted string). It does not need to be the specific URL that is in these examples; in fact, authors are encouraged to use local copies of the DTD files when possible. The public identifier, however, must be character-for-character the same as in the examples. 1365:) while allowing the user agent to control the presentation of elements via CSS (e.g. rendered as boldface text in most visual browsers, but possibly rendered with changes of tone in a text-to-speech reader, larger + italic font per rules in a user-end stylesheet, etc.). 1083:

XHTML Basic 1.1 replaces the Basic Forms Module with the Forms Module and adds the Intrinsic Events, Presentation, and Scripting modules. It also supports additional tags and attributes from other modules. This version became a W3C recommendation on 29 July 2008.

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The following are examples of XHTML 1.0 Strict, with both having the same visual output. The former one follows the HTML Compatibility Guidelines of the XHTML Media Types Note while the latter one breaks backward compatibility, but provides cleaner markup.

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is the XML equivalent to strict HTML 4.01, and includes elements and attributes that have not been marked deprecated in the HTML 4.01 specification. As of November 2015, XHTML 1.0 Strict is the document type used for the homepage of the website of the

2801:... It has been a long-standing goal of the W3C to make it possible for different types of XML-based content to be mixed together in the same XML file. For example, SVG and MathML might be incorporated directly into an XHTML-based scientific document... 945:

provides an abstract collection of components through which XHTML can be subsetted and extended. The feature is intended to help XHTML extend its reach onto emerging platforms, such as mobile devices and Web-enabled televisions. The initial draft of

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element type, was to be included to specifically designate a list as a navigation list. This would have been useful in creating nested menus, which are currently created by a wide variety of means like nested unordered lists or nested definition

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There are numerous other technical requirements surrounding namespaces and precise parsing of whitespace and certain characters and elements. The exact parsing of HTML in practice has been undefined until recently; see the HTML5 specification

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to adopt the initial W3C XHTML 1.0 Recommendation. To aid authors in the transition, the W3C provided guidance on how to publish XHTML 1.0 documents in an HTML-compatible manner, and serve them to browsers that were not designed for XHTML.

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Although XHTML 1.1 is largely compatible with XHTML 1.0 and HTML 4, in August 2002 the Working Group issued a formal Note advising that it should not be transmitted with the HTML media type. With limited browser support for the alternate

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the pitfalls of this practice, but much like the "Do not eat" label on the little packets of silica gel, Ian's advisory seems to be common sense and not worth mentioning to any author who actually knows what XHTML is and how to write it.

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with other data formats. In addition, browsers were forgiving of errors in HTML, and most websites were displayed despite technical errors in the markup; XHTML introduced stricter error handling. HTML 4 was ostensibly an application of

1398:, or Web Hypertext Application Technology Working Group. The key motive of the group was to create a platform for dynamic web applications; they considered XHTML 2.0 to be too document-centric, and not suitable for the creation of 1161:

This version, finalized on 27 February 2007, expands the capabilities of XHTML MP 1.1 with full support for the Forms Module and OMA Text Input Modes. XHTML MP 1.2 is part of v2.3 of the OMA Browsing Specification (13 March 2007).

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to implement all XHTML abstract modules, the W3C defined a feature-limited XHTML specification called XHTML Basic. It provides a minimal feature subset sufficient for the most common content-authoring. The specification became a

1413:. The language is more compatible with HTML 4 and XHTML 1.x than XHTML 2.0, due to the decision to keep the existing HTML form elements and events model. It adds many new elements not found in XHTML 1.x, however, such as 825:

As long as support is not widespread, most web developers avoid using XHTML that is not HTML-compatible, so advantages of XML such as namespaces, faster parsing, and smaller-footprint browsers do not benefit the user.

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XHTML Mobile Profile (abbreviated XHTML MP or XHTML-MP) is a third-party variant of the W3C's XHTML Basic specification. Like XHTML Basic, XHTML was developed for information appliances with limited system resources.

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specification. The W3C released the first draft in September 1999; the Recommendation status was reached in May 2001. The modules combined within XHTML 1.1 effectively recreate XHTML 1.0 Strict, with the addition of

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To this version, finalized in 2004, the OMA added partial support for the Scripting Module and partial support for Intrinsic Events. XHTML MP 1.1 is part of v2.1 of the OMA Browsing Specification (1 November 2002).

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content, a dialog box invites the user to save the content to disk instead. Both Internet Explorer 7 (released in 2006) and Internet Explorer 8 (released in March 2009) exhibit this behavior. Microsoft developer

2744:... The problem: You want to take advantage of the power and simplicity that XML tools can offer, but you face a site full of aging HTML documents. The solution: Convert your documents to XHTML and put Perl and 2690:... However, since ISO 8879 does not afford applications the leeway to prohibit internal subsets, it follows that the letter of the HTML spec automatically disentitles it to be a conforming SGML application... 1689:

The declaration may be optionally omitted because it declares its encoding the default encoding. However, if the document instead makes use of XML 1.1 or another character encoding, a declaration is necessary.

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declaration without a DTD. Furthermore, the specification deprecates earlier XHTML DTDs by asking the browsers to replace them with one containing only entity definitions for named characters during parsing.

850:, editor of the HTML5 specification criticizing the improper use of XHTML in 2002, is a member of the group developing this specification and is listed as one of the co-editors of the current working draft. 712:

JavaScript processing is different in XHTML, with minor changes in case sensitivity to some functions, and further precautions to restrict processing to well-formed content. Scripts must not use the

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on 26 January 2000. XHTML 1.1 became a W3C recommendation on 31 May 2001. XHTML is now referred to as "the XML syntax for HTML" and being developed as an XML adaptation of the HTML living standard.

1530:. Validity assures consistency in document code, which in turn eases processing, but does not necessarily ensure consistent rendering by browsers. A document can be checked for validity with the 882:. This introduced Voyager, the codename for a new markup language based on HTML 4, but adhering to the stricter syntax rules of XML. By February 1999 the name of the specification had changed to 2999:

Early implementations (such as Mozilla 0.7 and Opera 6.0, both released in 2001) do not incrementally render XHTML as it is received over the network, giving a degraded user experience; see the

5313: 2773:... A useful feature of XHTML is that it can be manipulated as XML. Extensible Stylesheet Language Templates can be used to transform XHTML into WML or any other proprietary mobile formats... 786:). When measuring the adoption of XHTML to that of regular HTML, therefore, it is important to distinguish whether it is media type usage or actual document contents that are being compared. 1330:) was added. The level of these headings was determined by the depth of the nesting. This would have allowed the use of headings to be infinite, rather than limiting use to six levels deep. 3135:"In 2007, 37 leaders in search engine optimisation concluded that having keywords in the keywords attribute is little to none." Sanger. nu blog, September 9, 2008, Retrieved August 2 2011 1225:

Working Group charter expire by that year's end, effectively halting any further development of the draft into a standard. Instead, XHTML 2.0 and its related documents were released as

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XHTML 1.x documents are mostly backward compatible with HTML 4 user agents when the appropriate guidelines are followed. XHTML 1.1 is essentially compatible, although the elements for

499:(WHATWG) formed, independently of the W3C, to work on advancing ordinary HTML not based on XHTML. The WHATWG eventually began working on a standard that supported both XML and non-XML 737:(CSS) are also applied differently. Due to XHTML's case-sensitivity, all CSS selectors become case-sensitive for XHTML documents. Some CSS properties, such as backgrounds, set on the 2262:

HTML5 and XHTML5 serializations are largely inter-compatible if adhering to the stricter XHTML5 syntax, but there are some cases in which XHTML will not work as valid HTML5 (e.g.,

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XHTML-Print, which became a W3C Recommendation in September 2006, is a specialized version of XHTML Basic designed for documents printed from information appliances to low-end

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XHTML 2.0 is significantly less compatible, although this can be mitigated to some degree through the use of scripting. (This can be simple one-liners, such as the use of

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for superscript and subscript respectively because they have significant non-presentational uses and are required by certain languages. All other tags were meant to be

2719:... Since the design goals of XML itself partially mirrored those of the original HTML, it was logical for work to begin on formulating an XML–based markup language... 2293: 259: 839:. They went on to describe the benefits of XML-based Web documents (i.e. XHTML) regarding searching, indexing, and parsing as well as future-proofing the Web itself. 705:

Most content requiring namespaces will not work in HTML, except the built-in support for SVG and MathML in the HTML5 parser along with certain magic prefixes such as

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In addition to the syntactical differences, there are some behavioral differences, mostly arising from the underlying differences in serialization. For example:

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property is available, but will not insert non-well-formed content. On the other hand, it can be used to insert well-formed namespaced content into XHTML.

1534:(for XHTML5, the Validator. nu Living Validator should be used instead). In practice, many web development programs provide code validation based on the 853:

Simon Pieters researched the XML-compliance of mobile browsers and concluded "the claim that XHTML would be needed for mobile devices is simply a myth".

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inferred in a table if not given); and (3) the rarely used SGML syntax for element minimization ("shorttag"), which most browsers do not implement.

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Extensible Hypertext Markup Language (XHTML) is an extension of HTML that is based on XML and is designed to work with XML-based applications.

4955: 2270:, are treated as comments, and close on the first ">", whereas they are fully allowed in XML, are treated as their own type, and close on 1345:, still allowed in XHTML 1.x (even Strict), were to be absent from XHTML 2.0. The only somewhat presentational elements remaining were to be 5193: 4981: 4619: 4316: 702:

Behavior on parse errors differs. A fatal parse error in XML (such as an incorrect tag structure) causes document processing to be aborted.

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are not part of the HTML 4 specification and thus generally ignored by HTML 4 browsers. Later XHTML 1.x modules such as those for the

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Mozilla Web Author FAQ: How is the treatment of application/xhtml+xml documents different from the treatment of text/html documents?

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The XHTML 2 Working Group considered the creation of a new language based on XHTML 1.1. If XHTML 1.2 was created, it would include

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grew independently of the W3C, through a loose group of browser manufacturers and other interested parties calling themselves the

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The current version of XHTML Basic is 1.1 Second Edition (23 November 2010), in which the language is re-implemented in the W3C's

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The W3C recommendations of both XHTML 1.0 and XHTML 1.1 were retired on 27 March 2018, along with HTML 4.0, HTML 4.01, and HTML5.

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support, and that proper XHTML support would be difficult to graft onto IE's compatibility-oriented HTML parser; however,

6212: 4997: 4025: 3178: 1531: 1134: 390: 347: 286: 2409: 6515: 6333: 5119: 5002: 4567: 4258: 1321:<img src="hms_audacious.jpg">HMS <span class="italic">Audacious</span></img> 5757: 4441: 3087: 1068: 803: 254: 1476: 1298:<object src="lbridge.jpg" type="image/jpeg"><p>London Bridge</p></object> 1240:, an XML-based user input specification allowing forms to be displayed appropriately for different rendering devices. 3757: 1659:

may be specified at the beginning of an XHTML document in the XML declaration when the document is served using the

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and may therefore be parsed using standard XML parsers, unlike HTML, which requires a lenient HTML-specific parser.

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media type, XHTML 1.1 proved unable to gain widespread use. In January 2009 a second edition of the document (

5985: 5033: 4930: 4925: 4540: 4518: 4346: 535:, XHTML documents could provide extensibility by including fragments from other XML-based languages such as 51: 1144:(OMA), which continued to develop XHTML Mobile Profile as a component of their OMA Browsing Specification. 6408: 5946: 5888: 5762: 5667: 5577: 5563: 5043: 4837: 4434: 2263: 1650: 1487: 789:

Most web browsers have mature support for all of the possible XHTML media types. The notable exception is

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to register a new HTML element within Internet Explorer, or complete JavaScript frameworks, such as the

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document.getElementById("pdf-object").src="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/xhtml1.pdf";

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document.getElementById("pdf-object").src="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/xhtml1.pdf";

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This document supersedes the HTML Compatibility Guidelines originally found in XHTML 1.0 Appendix C.

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The "loadpdf" function is actually a workaround for Internet Explorer. It can be replaced by adding

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by browser developer Tantek Çelik, who criticizes early drafts of XHTML 2.0 for the absence of the

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type. (If an XML document lacks encoding specification, an XML parser assumes that the encoding is

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is the XML equivalent of HTML 4.01 Transitional, and includes the presentational elements (such as

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XHTML 1.0 was "a reformulation of the three HTML 4 document types as applications of XML 1.0". The

543:. Finally, the renewed work would provide an opportunity to divide HTML into reusable components ( 6298: 6262: 6242: 6197: 6124: 6059: 6054: 5898: 5883: 5837: 5687: 5612: 5403: 5284: 5276: 5199: 5069: 4654: 4029: 3817: 3798: 3013: 1656: 1073: 477: 409: 298: 25: 4039: 3000: 886:, and in January 2000 it was officially adopted as a W3C Recommendation. There are three formal 688: 5114: 2789: 2246: 1637:, need only point to a copy of the DTD to use, if the validator cannot locate one based on the 6418: 6388: 6133: 5878: 5582: 5408: 5252: 5140: 5135: 4696: 3475: 3450: 2856: 1691: 1638: 1626: 1618:(DTD) to which the document conforms. A Document Type Declaration should be placed before the 790: 3889: 2528: 6143: 6044: 6000: 5712: 5657: 5597: 5413: 4770: 4351: 4177: 4134: 3553: 3525: 3302: 2983: 1567: 1088: 965: 807: 523: 264: 131: 2969: 2349: 6368: 6222: 6202: 5048: 4935: 4523: 4119: 4098: 3189: 3182: 3141: 3057: 3032: 2554:"XHTML™ 1.0 The Extensible HyperText Markup Language (Second Edition) Publication History" 1126: 927: 843: 440: 225: 166: 97: 4013: 3923: 3401:"XHTML 1.0: The Extensible HyperText Markup Language, W3C Recommendation 26 January 2000" 2732: 1294:<p src="lbridge.jpg" type="image/jpeg">London Bridge</p> 6490: 5829: 5702: 5647: 5627: 5007: 4965: 4750: 4513: 4129: 3003:. Later browsers such as Opera 9.0, Safari 3.0, and Firefox 3.0 do not have this issue. 1711: 1399: 982: 612: 369: 232: 176: 3729: 3698: 3686: 6495: 6484: 6079: 5642: 5602: 5572: 5423: 4847: 4775: 4765: 4691: 4498: 4263: 4124: 4062: 4033: 4008: 3711: 3637: 2882: 1555: 1354: 874:

used the XHTML 1.0 Transitional doctype and syntax, though it was not served as XHTML

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be closed, either by a separate closing tag or using the self-closing syntax (e.g.

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specification aims to extend HTML so that it is also suitable in these contexts...

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became available in April 1999, and reached Recommendation status in April 2001.

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overcome by implementing an alternate translational framework within the markup.

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called the Wireless Application Protocol Forum began adapting XHTML Basic for

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is the XML equivalent of HTML 4.01 Frameset, and allows for the definition of

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element was removed: alternative text was to be given in the content of the

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The second edition of XHTML 1.0 became a W3C Recommendation in August 2002.

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for XHTML 1.0, corresponding to the three different versions of HTML 4.01:

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Ian Hickson, a former developer of the Opera browser and cofounder of the

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An XHTML document that conforms to an XHTML specification is said to be

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elements, and (in the first edition of the language) the removal of the

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Maciej Stachowiak, a developer of Apple's Safari browser (2006-09-20).

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documents. This host language is one of the techniques used to develop

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through a collection of attributes and processing rules in the form of

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attributes to better support accessible web applications, and improved

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XHTML MP 1.3 (finalized on 23 September 2008) uses the XHTML Basic 1.1

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Tables, Image, Link, Metainformation, Object, Style Sheet, and Target.

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The similarities between HTML 4.01 and XHTML 1.0 led many websites and

4047: 2649: 2568:"XHTML™ 1.1 - Module-based XHTML - Second Edition Publication History" 1683:<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?> 6433: 6398: 6383: 6348: 6252: 6183: 6069: 6064: 6034: 5960: 5794: 5726: 5617: 5607: 5525: 5478: 5234: 5155: 5023: 4945: 4827: 4780: 4718: 4671: 4582: 4371: 4366: 4288: 4228: 4218: 4172: 3974: 3426:"XHTML 1.0 The Extensible HyperText Markup Language (Second Edition)" 3214: 3210: 2462: 2405: 2379: 2042:<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" 1820:<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" 1738: 1671: 1410: 1395: 1386: 1237: 953:

The first modular XHTML variants were XHTML 1.1 and XHTML Basic 1.0.

540: 354: 330: 72: 2920:"XHTML 1.0 Specification, Appendix C: HTML Compatibility Guidelines" 968:

implementation. It was superseded by a second edition in July 2010.

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is an extended version of the XHTML markup language for supporting

1288:

Any element was to be able to reference alternative media with the

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Anne van Kesteren, a developer of the Opera browser (2004-06-13).

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December 1998 saw the publication of a W3C Working Draft entitled

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Such "HTML-compatible" content is sent using the HTML media type (

596:) or their end can be determined implicitly ("omissibility", e.g. 504: 455: 335: 325: 320: 313: 161: 4003: 3969: 3580:"XHTML 1.1, XHTML Basic 1.1, XHTML Print Recommendations Revised" 2861:

HTML 4, Appendix B: Performance, Implementation, and Design Notes

2045:"http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd"> 1823:"http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd"> 6267: 5813: 5496: 5431: 4940: 4842: 4629: 4550: 4391: 4356: 4248: 4162: 3979: 3964: 3501:"XHTML 1.1 - Module-based XHTML, W3C Recommendation 31 May 2001" 2288: 2039:<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> 1754:

Media type recommendation (in RFC 2119 terms) for the examples:

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Some shorthand features in HTML are omitted in XML, such as (1)

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serialization and an XML serialization, which is also known as

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W3C's XHTML recommendations and working group, all superseded

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attributes to facilitate the conversion from XHTML to RDF/XML.

1226: 622:, where attribute values or their quotes may be omitted (e.g. 463: 437: 291: 107: 3984: 2675:"Dropping the Normative Reference to SGML (was: I-D ACTION.)" 1220:

developer community. Some parts of the language (such as the

3360:"HTML5: A vocabulary and associated APIs for HTML and XHTML" 2982:

Greta de Groat (2002). "Perspectives on the Web and Google:

2511:"Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ) about the future of XHTML" 1279:<li href="articles.html">Articles</li> 1232:

New features to have been introduced by XHTML 2.0 included:

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XHTML 1.1 evolved out of the work surrounding the initial

782:) rather than the official Internet media type for XHTML ( 555:

There are various differences between XHTML and HTML. The

3526:"XHTML Media Types, W3C Working Group Note 1 August 2002" 466:, a more restrictive subset of SGML. XHTML documents are 3864:"XHTML2 Working Group Documents Published as W3C Notes" 3752: 3750: 3058:"The <?xml> prolog, strict mode, and XHTML in IE" 3033:"The <?xml> prolog, strict mode, and XHTML in IE" 806:

explained in 2005 that IE7's priorities were improved

1614:, may be used. A DOCTYPE declares to the browser the 443:

which mirrors or extends versions of the widely used

4042:– summarizes one web browser's XHTML processing mode 3839:"XHTML 2.0, W3C Working Group Note 16 December 2010" 2463:"XHTML 1.0 Specification, Section 1: What is XHTML?" 1629:

part of the DOCTYPE, which in these examples is the

6286: 6182: 6123: 5999: 5945: 5871: 5827: 5793: 5711: 5562: 5489: 5422: 5396: 5300: 5243: 5218: 5186: 5164: 5128: 5102: 5082: 5057: 5016: 4990: 4974: 4896: 4860: 4474: 4465: 4201: 4155: 4105: 3730:"XHTML-Print, W3C Recommendation 20 September 2006" 3548: 3546: 1681: 1320: 1297: 1293: 1278: 884:

XHTML 1.0: The Extensible HyperText Markup Language

761:

element; this appears not to be the case for XHTML.

750: 738: 713: 678: 659: 638: 623: 597: 585: 576: 129: 117: 103: 93: 78: 68: 60: 50: 38: 24: 3638:"XHTML Basic, W3C Recommendation 19 December 2000" 2193:"http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/xhtml1.pdf" 2002:"http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/xhtml1.pdf" 497:Web Hypertext Application Technology Working Group 3609:"XHTML 1.1 - Module-based XHTML – Second Edition" 2529:"HTML5 Working Draft, Section 1.6: HTML vs XHTML" 2160:"http://www.w3.org/Icons/valid-xhtml10" 1963:"http://www.w3.org/Icons/valid-xhtml10" 1562:. The example tag below additionally features an 749:element in HTML are 'inherited upwards' into the 677:may be used to remove elements entirely (such as 2762:"Developing Wireless Content using XHTML Mobile" 2488:"results of HTML 5 text, editor, name questions" 2457: 2455: 2294:List of XML and HTML character entity references 2131:"Extensible HyperText Markup Language" 1934:"Extensible HyperText Markup Language" 3215:"Sending XHTML as text/html Considered Harmful" 1202:attribute from XHTML Basic 1.1, along with the 2815:"HTML and XHTML Frequently Answered Questions" 1546:The root element of an XHTML document must be 5349: 4442: 4083: 4004:Sending XHTML as text/html Considered Harmful 1140:In 2002, the WAP Forum has subsumed into the 842:In October 2006, HTML inventor and W3C chair 567:First, there are some differences in syntax: 547:) and clean up untidy parts of the language. 410: 16:Markup language which places HTML in XML form 8: 4053:Heptagrama's Basic XHTML 1.0 Strict Tutorial 4048:Empty elements in SGML, HTML, XML, and XHTML 3918: 3916: 690:) for full details, or the working summary ( 19: 4009:Serving up XHTML with the correct MIME type 2945:"XHTML Media Types, W3C Working Group Note" 2505: 2503: 2501: 1494:. Unsourced material may be challenged and 1452:content by embedding rich semantic markup. 727:method; it is not available for XHTML. The 5942: 5931: 5559: 5548: 5393: 5372: 5356: 5342: 5334: 5222: 5086: 4471: 4449: 4435: 4427: 4090: 4076: 4068: 3204: 3202: 2788:. Mozilla Developer Center. Archived from 1606:In order to validate an XHTML document, a 1566:attribute to identify the document with a 417: 403: 143: 4063:HTML to XHTML conversion library for .NET 3816:element. Developer Daniel Glazman offers 2733:"Creating Web Utilities Using XML::XPath" 2706:. The Developer's Archive. Archived from 1554:attribute to associate it with the XHTML 1514:Learn how and when to remove this message 1091:language. This version also supports the 658:, while in XML this must be expressed as 2906:"CSS differences between XHTML and HTML" 2650:"How Did We Get Here? - Dive Into HTML5" 2054:"http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" 1832:"http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" 1752: 1726:degrade gracefully in a similar manner. 1581:"http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" 1424:The XHTML5 language, like HTML5, uses a 930:—a common Web feature in the late 1990s. 865: 571:Broadly, the XML rules require that all 5308:International World Wide Web Conference 3890:"HTML 5, 1.1.2. Relationship to XHTML2" 3358:Ian Hickson; David Hyatt (2011-01-13). 2304: 1273:Any element was to be able to act as a 377: 146: 1333:The remaining presentational elements 611:XML is case-sensitive for element and 518:XHTML was developed to make HTML more 18: 2372:"Writing documents in the XML syntax" 2258:Cross-compatibility of XHTML and HTML 835:lack of support for XHTML built into 7: 4982:Web Content Accessibility Guidelines 3780:"[XHTML] Agenda: 2008-07-09" 3257:"Understanding HTML, XML, and XHTML" 3116:"List of XHTML Sites (the X-Philes)" 1865:"text/html; charset=utf-8" 1492:adding citations to reliable sources 1368:The addition of RDF triple with the 529:Standard Generalized Markup Language 460:Standard Generalized Markup Language 430:Extensible HyperText Markup Language 6511:World Wide Web Consortium standards 3160:from the original on March 31, 2016 1243:HTML frames were to be replaced by 920:) excluded from the strict version. 458:, was defined as an application of 3712:"XHTML Basic 1.1 - Second Edition" 3701:. W3.org. Retrieved on 2013-07-17. 3689:. W3.org. Retrieved on 2013-07-17. 2284:Extensible User Interface Protocol 2166:"Valid XHTML 1.0 Strict" 2082:"application/javascript" 1969:"Valid XHTML 1.0 Strict" 1236:HTML forms were to be replaced by 1133:, the second major version of the 1039:XHTML Media Types – Second Edition 52:Uniform Type Identifier (UTI) 14: 4418:List of document markup languages 4014:The Road to XHTML 2.0: MIME Types 3080:Hachamovitch, Dean (2019-03-16). 3014:"XHTML media type test - results" 2986:, Director of Research, Google", 2845:. World Wide Web Consortium Note. 2412:from the original on 5 June 2023. 2386:from the original on 7 July 2023. 1558:. The namespace URI for XHTML is 2904:Wilson, Nicholas (29 May 2010). 1464: 818:added support for true XHTML in 5205:Multimodal Interaction Activity 5165:Community & business groups 2813:Steven Pemberton (2004-07-21). 2596:"HTML 4.01 Publication History" 888:Document Type Definitions (DTD) 475:World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) 3985:XHTML2 Working Group Home Page 3975:XHTML Basic 1.1 Recommendation 3326:Tim Berners-Lee (2006-10-27). 3044:compatibility recommendations. 2988:Journal of Internet Cataloging 2582:"HTML 4.0 Publication History" 447:(HTML), the language in which 1: 2990:, Vol. 5(1), pp. 17-28, 2002. 2760:Jean-Luc David (2004-04-14). 1532:W3C Markup Validation Service 1265:A new list element type, the 1135:Wireless Application Protocol 972:XHTML 1.1: Module-based XHTML 391:Comparison of browser engines 5003:Web Accessibility Initiative 3980:XHTML 2.0 Working Group Note 3924:"9 The XHTML syntax — HTML5" 3805:XHTML 2.0 Considered Hopeful 3799:XHTML 2.0 Considered Harmful 3615:. 2009-05-07. Archived from 3301:Paul McDonald (2007-06-30). 2843:"Comparison of SGML and XML" 2612:. World Wide Web Consortium. 2598:. World Wide Web Consortium. 2584:. World Wide Web Consortium. 2570:. World Wide Web Consortium. 2556:. World Wide Web Consortium. 1560:http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml 5288:(browser/editor, 1996–2012) 3663:"XHTML Flavors comparisons" 3088:Microsoft Developer Network 3056:Chris Wilson (2005-09-15). 3031:Chris Wilson (2005-09-15). 2841:Clark, James (1997-12-15). 2702:Tina Holmboe (2008-10-06). 2610:"HTML5 Publication History" 2340:Graff, Eliot (7 May 2014). 2187:"application/pdf" 2154:"validation-icon" 1996:"application/pdf" 1957:"validation-icon" 1884:"text/javascript" 436:) is part of the family of 6532: 3888:Ian Hickson (2008-01-22). 3140:February 21, 2009, at the 2731:Kip Hampton (2001-01-10). 1694:prior to version 7 enters 1648: 1599: 1384: 1326:A single heading element ( 1206:attribute (for specifying 1114: 1056: 793:versions 8 and earlier by 772:content management systems 6455: 6379:Internet Explorer for Mac 5941: 5930: 5558: 5547: 5392: 5371: 5225: 5094:World Wide Web Foundation 5089: 4998:Markup Validation Service 4578:Linked Data Notifications 4458:World Wide Web Consortium 4415: 4099:Document markup languages 3894:World Wide Web Consortium 3868:World Wide Web Consortium 3843:World Wide Web Consortium 3734:World Wide Web Consortium 3667:World Wide Web Consortium 3642:World Wide Web Consortium 3613:World Wide Web Consortium 3588:World Wide Web Consortium 3558:World Wide Web Consortium 3530:World Wide Web Consortium 3505:World Wide Web Consortium 3480:World Wide Web Consortium 3455:World Wide Web Consortium 3430:World Wide Web Consortium 3405:World Wide Web Consortium 3381:"Results of mobile tests" 3276:Brad Fults (2005-12-21). 3183:How To Use HTML Meta Tags 2949:World Wide Web Consortium 2924:World Wide Web Consortium 2819:World Wide Web Consortium 2786:"Namespaces Crash Course" 2704:"XHTML—Myths and Reality" 2628:World Wide Web Consortium 2533:World Wide Web Consortium 2467:World Wide Web Consortium 2402:HTML: The Living Standard 1608:Document Type Declaration 1433:Semantic content in XHTML 1405:HTML5 has both a regular 900:World Wide Web Consortium 880:Reformulating HTML in XML 615:names, while HTML is not. 490:World Wide Web Consortium 445:HyperText Markup Language 386:Document markup languages 82:26 January 2000 4115:Compound Document Format 3970:XHTML 1.1 Recommendation 3965:XHTML 1.0 Recommendation 2673:Arjun Ray (1999-10-06). 2036: 1859:"Content-Type" 1817: 1731:document.createElement() 1616:Document Type Definition 1572: 1172:document type definition 1166:XHTML Mobile Profile 1.3 1157:XHTML Mobile Profile 1.2 1148:XHTML Mobile Profile 1.1 962:XHTML Modularization 1.1 797:; rather than rendering 537:Scalable Vector Graphics 40:Internet media type 3991:Links dealing with the 3956:The XML syntax for HTML 3768:Ltd. 26 September 2011. 3236:"XHTML is invalid HTML" 2264:processing instructions 2241:element does not get a 1402:sites or online shops. 1315:element, much like the 1292:attribute, e. g., 1254:were to be replaced by 978:Modularization of XHTML 958:Modularization of XHTML 948:Modularization of XHTML 938:Modularization of XHTML 4058:W3C's Markup Validator 3758:"OMA Browsing Archive" 3584:W3C NEWS ARCHIVE: 2010 3001:Mozilla Web Author FAQ 2313:"SGML, XML, and XHTML" 2181:"pdf-object" 1990:"pdf-object" 1984:"pdf-object" 1770:application/xhtml+xml 1706:Backward compatibility 1651:Processing Instruction 1550:, and must contain an 1065:information appliances 1025:attribute in favor of 906:XHTML 1.0 Transitional 875: 735:Cascading Style Sheets 620:attribute minimization 495:However, in 2005, the 4018:application/xhtml+xml 2115:"loadpdf()" 2071:XHTML1.0StrictExample 1918:"loadpdf()" 1873:XHTML1.0StrictExample 1661:application/xhtml+xml 1456:Valid XHTML documents 1319:element, e. g., 1260:Document Object Model 1258:, which uses the XML 1035:application/xhtml+xml 869: 799:application/xhtml+xml 784:application/xhtml+xml 557:Document Object Model 454:While HTML, prior to 277:Document Object Model 61:UTI conformation 45:application/xhtml+xml 6364:IBM Home Page Reader 3995:of XHTML documents: 3766:Open Mobile Alliance 3303:"The case for XHTML" 3156:. 18 December 2015. 2885:. SitePoint Pty. Ltd 2376:HTML Living Standard 2247:XHTML 1.0 Strict DTD 2123:Thisisanexampleofan 2091:function loadpdf() { 1926:Thisisanexampleofan 1894:function loadpdf() { 1488:improve this section 1357:instead (e. g. 1142:Open Mobile Alliance 1117:XHTML Mobile Profile 1111:XHTML Mobile Profile 1049:unresolved issues.) 675:element minimization 667:"selected" 551:Relationship to HTML 545:XHTML Modularization 282:Browser Object Model 6516:XML-based standards 3194:Search Engine Watch 3154:"Meta used for SEO" 2208:></object> 1755: 1125:In October 2001, a 1013:attribute from the 837:Internet Explorer 6 473:XHTML 1.0 became a 255:Character encodings 21: 5314:Steering Committee 5194:Device Description 5172:Web Advertising BG 3812:attribute and the 3328:"Reinventing HTML" 3196:, December 5, 2002 3188:2008-09-13 at the 2883:"Case Sensitivity" 2857:"Shorthand markup" 2654:diveintohtml5.info 2266:are deprecated in 2140:1.0Strictdocument. 1943:1.0Strictdocument. 1753: 1737:implementation of 1657:character encoding 1076:in December 2000. 1074:W3C recommendation 960:was superseded by 928:frameset documents 924:XHTML 1.0 Frameset 876: 870:In earlier times, 104:Extended from 26:Filename extension 6478: 6477: 6451: 6450: 6447: 6446: 6134:Internet Explorer 5926: 5925: 5922: 5921: 5543: 5542: 5539: 5538: 5331: 5330: 5296: 5295: 5214: 5213: 5078: 5077: 4424: 4423: 3818:similar criticism 2442:"The WHATWG Blog" 2317:Adobe Help Center 2245:attribute in the 1813: 1812: 1692:Internet Explorer 1639:public identifier 1633:that begins with 1627:system identifier 1524: 1523: 1516: 1307:attribute of the 857:Versions of XHTML 791:Internet Explorer 427: 426: 142: 141: 69:Developed by 33:.xml, .html, .htm 6523: 6501:Markup languages 5943: 5932: 5658:Samsung Internet 5560: 5549: 5394: 5373: 5358: 5351: 5344: 5335: 5320:First conference 5289: 5281: 5273: 5265: 5257: 5223: 5087: 5070:XHTML+MathML+SVG 4489:Activity Streams 4472: 4451: 4444: 4437: 4428: 4352:ReStructuredText 4135:WordprocessingML 4092: 4085: 4078: 4069: 4019: 3944: 3938: 3932: 3931: 3920: 3911: 3910: 3901: 3900: 3885: 3879: 3878: 3876: 3875: 3860: 3854: 3853: 3851: 3850: 3835: 3829: 3827: 3823: 3815: 3811: 3794: 3788: 3787: 3776: 3770: 3769: 3754: 3745: 3744: 3742: 3741: 3726: 3720: 3719: 3708: 3702: 3696: 3690: 3684: 3678: 3677: 3675: 3674: 3659: 3653: 3652: 3650: 3649: 3634: 3628: 3627: 3625: 3624: 3605: 3599: 3598: 3596: 3594: 3576: 3570: 3568: 3566: 3565: 3550: 3541: 3540: 3538: 3537: 3522: 3516: 3515: 3513: 3512: 3497: 3491: 3490: 3488: 3487: 3472: 3466: 3465: 3463: 3462: 3447: 3441: 3440: 3438: 3437: 3422: 3416: 3415: 3413: 3412: 3397: 3391: 3390: 3388: 3387: 3376: 3370: 3369: 3367: 3366: 3355: 3349: 3348: 3340: 3339: 3330:. Archived from 3323: 3317: 3316: 3310: 3309: 3298: 3292: 3291: 3285: 3284: 3273: 3267: 3266: 3264: 3263: 3252: 3246: 3245: 3243: 3242: 3231: 3225: 3224: 3222: 3221: 3206: 3197: 3176: 3170: 3169: 3167: 3165: 3150: 3144: 3132: 3126: 3125: 3123: 3122: 3112: 3106: 3105: 3100: 3099: 3077: 3071: 3070: 3065: 3064: 3053: 3047: 3046: 3040: 3039: 3028: 3022: 3021: 3010: 3004: 2997: 2991: 2984:Monika Henzinger 2980: 2974: 2973: 2966: 2960: 2959: 2957: 2956: 2941: 2935: 2934: 2932: 2931: 2916: 2910: 2909: 2901: 2895: 2894: 2892: 2890: 2879: 2873: 2872: 2870: 2868: 2853: 2847: 2846: 2838: 2832: 2831: 2826: 2825: 2810: 2804: 2803: 2798: 2797: 2782: 2776: 2775: 2770: 2769: 2757: 2751: 2750: 2747: 2741: 2740: 2728: 2722: 2721: 2716: 2715: 2699: 2693: 2692: 2687: 2686: 2677:. Archived from 2670: 2664: 2663: 2661: 2660: 2645: 2639: 2638: 2636: 2635: 2620: 2614: 2613: 2606: 2600: 2599: 2592: 2586: 2585: 2578: 2572: 2571: 2564: 2558: 2557: 2550: 2544: 2543: 2541: 2540: 2525: 2519: 2518: 2507: 2496: 2495: 2484: 2478: 2477: 2475: 2474: 2459: 2450: 2449: 2438: 2432: 2431: 2424:"HTML vs. XHTML" 2420: 2414: 2413: 2398:"The XML syntax" 2394: 2388: 2387: 2368: 2362: 2361: 2359: 2357: 2348:. Archived from 2337: 2331: 2330: 2325: 2324: 2309: 2273: 2269: 2252: 2244: 2240: 2233: 2229: 2218: 2215: 2212: 2209: 2206: 2203: 2200: 2199:"100%" 2197: 2194: 2191: 2188: 2185: 2182: 2179: 2176: 2173: 2170: 2167: 2164: 2161: 2158: 2155: 2152: 2149: 2146: 2143: 2139: 2135: 2132: 2129: 2126: 2122: 2119: 2116: 2113: 2110: 2107: 2104: 2101: 2098: 2095: 2092: 2089: 2086: 2083: 2080: 2077: 2074: 2070: 2067: 2064: 2061: 2058: 2055: 2052: 2049: 2046: 2043: 2040: 2030: 2027: 2024: 2021: 2018: 2015: 2012: 2009: 2008:"100%" 2006: 2003: 2000: 1997: 1994: 1991: 1988: 1985: 1982: 1979: 1976: 1973: 1970: 1967: 1964: 1961: 1958: 1955: 1952: 1949: 1946: 1942: 1938: 1935: 1932: 1929: 1925: 1922: 1919: 1916: 1913: 1910: 1907: 1904: 1901: 1898: 1895: 1892: 1888: 1885: 1882: 1879: 1876: 1872: 1869: 1866: 1863: 1860: 1857: 1854: 1851: 1848: 1845: 1842: 1839: 1836: 1833: 1830: 1827: 1824: 1821: 1781:application/xml 1756: 1732: 1717: 1701: 1685: 1684: 1662: 1636: 1591: 1588: 1585: 1582: 1579: 1576: 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5707: 5554: 5535: 5485: 5418: 5388: 5367: 5362: 5332: 5327: 5292: 5287: 5279: 5271: 5263: 5255: 5239: 5210: 5182: 5160: 5124: 5098: 5074: 5053: 5012: 4986: 4970: 4936:SMIL Timesheets 4892: 4856: 4761:Information Set 4546:Geolocation API 4476:Recommendations 4467: 4461: 4455: 4425: 4420: 4411: 4197: 4151: 4101: 4096: 4017: 3999:Beware of XHTML 3952: 3947: 3939: 3935: 3922: 3921: 3914: 3898: 3896: 3887: 3886: 3882: 3873: 3871: 3862: 3861: 3857: 3848: 3846: 3837: 3836: 3832: 3825: 3821: 3813: 3809: 3795: 3791: 3778: 3777: 3773: 3756: 3755: 3748: 3739: 3737: 3728: 3727: 3723: 3710: 3709: 3705: 3699:XHTML Basic 1.1 3697: 3693: 3685: 3681: 3672: 3670: 3661: 3660: 3656: 3647: 3645: 3636: 3635: 3631: 3622: 3620: 3607: 3606: 3602: 3592: 3590: 3578: 3577: 3573: 3563: 3561: 3552: 3551: 3544: 3535: 3533: 3524: 3523: 3519: 3510: 3508: 3499: 3498: 3494: 3485: 3483: 3474: 3473: 3469: 3460: 3458: 3449: 3448: 3444: 3435: 3433: 3424: 3423: 3419: 3410: 3408: 3399: 3398: 3394: 3385: 3383: 3379:Simon Pieters. 3378: 3377: 3373: 3364: 3362: 3357: 3356: 3352: 3345: 3337: 3335: 3325: 3324: 3320: 3307: 3305: 3300: 3299: 3295: 3282: 3280: 3275: 3274: 3270: 3261: 3259: 3254: 3253: 3249: 3240: 3238: 3233: 3232: 3228: 3219: 3217: 3208: 3207: 3200: 3190:Wayback Machine 3177: 3173: 3163: 3161: 3152: 3151: 3147: 3142:Wayback Machine 3133: 3129: 3120: 3118: 3114: 3113: 3109: 3097: 3095: 3079: 3078: 3074: 3062: 3060: 3055: 3054: 3050: 3037: 3035: 3030: 3029: 3025: 3012: 3011: 3007: 2998: 2994: 2981: 2977: 2968: 2967: 2963: 2954: 2952: 2943: 2942: 2938: 2929: 2927: 2918: 2917: 2913: 2903: 2902: 2898: 2888: 2886: 2881: 2880: 2876: 2866: 2864: 2855: 2854: 2850: 2840: 2839: 2835: 2823: 2821: 2812: 2811: 2807: 2795: 2793: 2784: 2783: 2779: 2767: 2765: 2759: 2758: 2754: 2745: 2738: 2736: 2730: 2729: 2725: 2713: 2711: 2701: 2700: 2696: 2684: 2682: 2672: 2671: 2667: 2658: 2656: 2648:Pilgrim, Mark. 2647: 2646: 2642: 2633: 2631: 2622: 2621: 2617: 2608: 2607: 2603: 2594: 2593: 2589: 2580: 2579: 2575: 2566: 2565: 2561: 2552: 2551: 2547: 2538: 2536: 2527: 2526: 2522: 2509: 2508: 2499: 2486: 2485: 2481: 2472: 2470: 2461: 2460: 2453: 2440: 2439: 2435: 2422: 2421: 2417: 2396: 2395: 2391: 2370: 2369: 2365: 2355: 2353: 2352:on 16 June 2022 2339: 2338: 2334: 2322: 2320: 2311: 2310: 2306: 2302: 2280: 2271: 2267: 2260: 2250: 2242: 2238: 2231: 2227: 2220: 2219: 2216: 2213: 2210: 2207: 2205:"500" 2204: 2201: 2198: 2195: 2192: 2189: 2186: 2183: 2180: 2177: 2174: 2171: 2168: 2165: 2162: 2159: 2156: 2153: 2150: 2147: 2144: 2141: 2137: 2133: 2130: 2127: 2124: 2120: 2117: 2114: 2111: 2108: 2105: 2103:</script> 2102: 2099: 2096: 2093: 2090: 2087: 2084: 2081: 2078: 2075: 2072: 2068: 2065: 2062: 2059: 2056: 2053: 2050: 2047: 2044: 2041: 2038: 2032: 2031: 2028: 2025: 2022: 2020:</object> 2019: 2016: 2014:"500" 2013: 2010: 2007: 2004: 2001: 1998: 1995: 1992: 1989: 1986: 1983: 1980: 1977: 1974: 1971: 1968: 1965: 1962: 1959: 1956: 1953: 1950: 1947: 1944: 1940: 1936: 1933: 1930: 1927: 1923: 1920: 1917: 1914: 1911: 1908: 1906:</script> 1905: 1902: 1899: 1896: 1893: 1890: 1886: 1883: 1880: 1877: 1874: 1870: 1867: 1864: 1861: 1858: 1855: 1852: 1849: 1846: 1843: 1840: 1837: 1834: 1831: 1828: 1825: 1822: 1819: 1747: 1730: 1715: 1712:ruby annotation 1708: 1699: 1682: 1660: 1653: 1647: 1645:XML declaration 1634: 1604: 1598: 1593: 1592: 1589: 1586: 1583: 1580: 1577: 1574: 1563: 1559: 1551: 1547: 1544: 1520: 1509: 1503: 1500: 1485: 1469: 1458: 1446:well-formed XML 1435: 1418: 1414: 1406: 1389: 1383: 1373: 1369: 1363:strong emphasis 1358: 1350: 1346: 1342: 1338: 1334: 1327: 1316: 1312: 1308: 1304: 1296:is the same as 1289: 1266: 1221: 1217: 1203: 1199: 1187: 1180: 1168: 1159: 1150: 1127:limited company 1119: 1113: 1101: 1092: 1061: 1055: 1042: 1034: 1026: 1022: 1018: 1014: 1010: 1006: 1002: 998: 994: 990: 986: 983:ruby annotation 974: 940: 917: 913: 909: 872:Knowledge (XXG) 864: 859: 844:Tim Berners-Lee 832: 798: 783: 779: 768: 757: 754: 751: 745: 742: 739: 728: 723: 720: 717: 714: 706: 679: 669: 666: 663: 660: 654: 651: 648: 645: 642: 639: 633: 630: 627: 624: 604: 601: 598: 592: 589: 586: 580: 577: 553: 516: 486: 423: 130: 98:Markup language 85: 83: 79:Initial release 46: 34: 32: 17: 12: 11: 5: 6529: 6527: 6519: 6518: 6513: 6508: 6503: 6498: 6493: 6483: 6482: 6476: 6475: 6473: 6472: 6467: 6462: 6456: 6453: 6452: 6449: 6448: 6445: 6444: 6442: 6441: 6436: 6431: 6426: 6421: 6416: 6411: 6406: 6401: 6396: 6391: 6386: 6381: 6376: 6371: 6366: 6361: 6356: 6351: 6346: 6341: 6336: 6331: 6326: 6321: 6316: 6311: 6306: 6301: 6296: 6290: 6288: 6284: 6283: 6281: 6280: 6275: 6270: 6265: 6260: 6255: 6250: 6245: 6240: 6235: 6230: 6225: 6220: 6215: 6210: 6205: 6200: 6195: 6189: 6187: 6180: 6179: 6177: 6176: 6171: 6166: 6161: 6156: 6151: 6146: 6141: 6136: 6130: 6128: 6121: 6120: 6118: 6117: 6112: 6107: 6102: 6097: 6092: 6087: 6082: 6077: 6072: 6067: 6062: 6057: 6052: 6047: 6042: 6037: 6032: 6027: 6022: 6017: 6012: 6006: 6004: 5997: 5996: 5994: 5993: 5988: 5983: 5978: 5973: 5968: 5963: 5958: 5952: 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5679: 5676: 5674: 5671: 5669: 5666: 5664: 5661: 5659: 5656: 5654: 5651: 5649: 5646: 5644: 5641: 5638: 5634: 5631: 5629: 5626: 5624: 5621: 5619: 5616: 5614: 5611: 5609: 5606: 5604: 5601: 5599: 5596: 5594: 5591: 5589: 5586: 5584: 5581: 5579: 5576: 5574: 5573:Google Chrome 5571: 5570: 5568: 5565: 5561: 5557: 5550: 5546: 5532: 5529: 5527: 5524: 5522: 5519: 5513: 5510: 5509: 5508: 5505: 5503: 5500: 5499: 5498: 5495: 5494: 5492: 5488: 5480: 5477: 5475: 5472: 5470: 5467: 5465: 5462: 5460: 5457: 5456: 5455: 5452: 5450: 5447: 5445: 5442: 5438: 5435: 5434: 5433: 5430: 5429: 5427: 5425: 5424:Web standards 5421: 5415: 5412: 5410: 5407: 5405: 5402: 5401: 5399: 5395: 5391: 5384: 5381: 5378: 5377: 5374: 5370: 5366: 5359: 5354: 5352: 5347: 5345: 5340: 5339: 5336: 5321: 5318: 5315: 5312: 5311: 5309: 5306: 5305: 5303: 5299: 5286: 5283: 5278: 5275: 5270: 5267: 5262: 5259: 5254: 5251: 5250: 5248: 5246: 5242: 5236: 5233: 5231: 5228: 5227: 5224: 5221: 5217: 5206: 5203: 5201: 5198: 5195: 5192: 5191: 5189: 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