Electroshock weapon

204:, and can be momentarily paralyzed while an electric current is being applied. Essential to the operation of electroshock, stun guns and cattle prods is sufficient current to allow the weapon to stun. Without current these weapons cannot stun and the degree to which the weapon is capable of stunning depends on its proper use of current. It is reported that applying electroshock devices to more sensitive parts of the body is even more painful. The maximum effective areas for stun gun usage are upper shoulder, below the rib cage, and the upper hip. High voltages are used, but because most devices use a less-lethal current, death does not usually occur from a single shock. The resulting "shock" is caused by muscles twitching uncontrollably, appearing as muscle spasms. 701:, not only for the physical pain the devices cause, but also for their heightened abuse potential, due to their perceived "harmlessness" in terms of causing initial injuries, like ordinary police batons do. Amnesty International has reported several alleged cases of excessive electroshock gun use that possibly amount to torture. They have also raised extensive concerns about the use of other electro-shock devices by American police and in American prisons, as they can be (and according to 436: 300: 119: 1205:

for example HV generator modules that generate over 2KV unloaded which would also cover items like CCFL driver modules, laptop backlight PCBs, car ionizers, TV cold cathode driver boards, photomultiplier drivers, night vision devices and plasma globes. The issue here is that such a far reaching Act would be detrimental to legitimate repair companies, scientists and hobbyists and do very little to deter criminals.

424: 349: 312: 912:

Canada may not have had the proper authority under their provincial policing Acts and Regulation to use the CEW in the first place. The point of unauthorized use by the police was also raised by Dirk Ryneveld, British Columbia's Police Complaint Commissioner at the Braidwood inquiry on June 25, 2008. Taser device safety and issues have been extensively rehearsed and investigated after the

504:. It subsequently transpired that the XREP had never been officially approved for use in the United Kingdom and the weapon system was provided unrequested to the police at the scene directly by the civilian company which distributes Taser International's products in the UK. The company's license to provide Taser systems was afterwards revoked by the 31: 267:

trigger must be depressed again to send another shock. The trigger can be held down continuously for a longer shock or the device can be switched off before the full five seconds have elapsed. The devices have no protections against multiple police officers giving multiple shocks, cumulatively exceeding the recommended maximum levels.

1114:

for the discharge of any shot, bullet or other missile and includes ... an electrical charge which when it strikes any person or animal is of sufficient strength to stun and temporarily disable the person or animal struck (such weapon being commonly known as a 'stun gun' or 'electronic paralyser' ".

263:

will usually completely disorient and drop the recipient for at least several seconds. Taser International warns law enforcement agencies that "prolonged or continuous exposure(s) to the TASER device's electrical charge" may lead to medical risks such as cumulative exhaustion and breathing impairment.

1204:

A related clause being considered for addition to "The Police, Crime, Sentencing and Courts Act" would make electronic components, assemblies and other devices that can be adapted or assembled to build an improvized CEW, as well as the schematic diagrams for them illegal in the UK. This would include

1181:

had purchased a limited quantity of Taser CEWs, and was about to initiate field trials when these were cancelled in 2005 after an ethics commission found that the need for (and risks of) such devices was not firmly established. The purchased Taser CEWs were then donated to Finland, where field trials

1126:

to use the less-lethal Taser X26 CEW. The Taser X26 CEW that Malaysian police bought comes with a holster and uses a non-rechargeable lithium battery able to deliver 195 cartridge shots. Policemen on rounds are issued four cartridges. The Taser devices were issued to policemen in Petaling Jaya, Dang

644:

A study for the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation, indicated that the threshold of energy needed to induce deadly ventricular fibrillation decreased dramatically with each successive burst of pulses; however, one pulse may provide enough energy to induce deadly ventricular fibrillation in some cases.

335:

The compact handheld stun guns are about the size of a TV remote or calculator, and they must touch the subject when used. The original XR-5000 design in 1983 had the electrodes spread farther apart to make the noisy electric arc between the electrodes as a more visible warning. Some such devices are

238:

depending on manufacturer and model. The amount of current generated depends on what stunning capabilities are desired, but without proper current calculations, the cause and effect of high voltage is muted. Output voltage is claimed to be in the range of 100 V up to 6 kV; current intensity output is

1486:

bans the sale of stun guns within its limits and imposes an application requirement followed by a 120-day waiting period for attempting to purchase a stun gun from outside the city. Illinois law requires licensure prior to possessing a stun gun in addition to several other restrictions. On March 21,

1025:, "Any portable device which is designed or adapted to stun or disable a person by means of an electric shock applied either with or without direct contact with that person" is considered an "arm" and therefore, the importation, possession and exportation of Taser devices requires a license from the 911:

While the most recent RCMP operational manual, completed in 2007, correctly refers to the CEW as a prohibited firearm, a number of consequences of this error in classification remain to be dealt with, by both the RCMP and other Canadian police services. Consequently, it could be argued the police in

903:

The direct source for this information comes from an independent report produced by Compliance Strategy Group for the Royal Canadian Mounted Police. The report is called An Independent Review of the Adoption and Use of Conducted Energy Weapons by the Royal Canadian Mounted Police. In the report that

548:

Prototype electroshock guns exist that replace the solid wire with a stream of conductive liquid (e.g., metallic solution, salt water), which offers an increase in the range of a Taser CEW (or better) and the possibility of multiple shots. According to the proponents of this technology, difficulties

262:

Manufacturers' instructions and manuals shipped with the products state that a half-second shock duration will cause intense pain and muscle contractions, startling most people greatly. Two to three seconds will often cause the recipient to become dazed and drop to the ground, and over three seconds

92:

Though the two terms are often used interchangeably, stun guns are actually direct contact weapons that work mainly through pain compliance by affecting the sensory nervous system. It can also cause some muscular disruption, but that generally requires 3–5 seconds of direct contact. In comparison, a

1301:

magazine, this decision implies guidelines for the use of TASER CEWs and other Electronic Control Devices in gaining compliance (in a setting where safety is not an issue), including that the officer must give warning before each application, and that the suspect must be capable of compliance, with

1208:

TASER CEWs are now used by some British police as a "less lethal" weapon. It was also announced in July 2007, that the deployment of TASER devices by specially trained police units who are not firearms officers, but who are facing similar threats of violence, would be trialled in ten police forces.

613:

Because of the use of electricity and the claim of the weapon being non-lethal, controversy has sprouted over particular incidents involving the weapon and the use of the weapon in general. In essence, controversy has been centered on the justification of the use of the weapon in certain instances,

266:

Because there was no automatic stop on older model Taser devices, many officers have used it repeatedly or for a prolonged period of time, thus potentially contributing to suspects' injuries or death. The current X26 model automatically stops five seconds after the trigger is depressed and then the

1351:

erred in its rationale in upholding a law that prohibited the possession of stun guns. Though the decision didn't explicitly rule that stun gun bans are unconstitutional, it created doubt in laws forbidding their possession which led to many legal challenges and subsequent legalization of stun gun

1156:

Stun guns and tasers are made in Russia can be purchased for self-defense without special permission, however, under the Federal Law No. 150 "On Weapons" of the Russian Federation it's illegal to import and subsequent sale of any foreign stun devices or tasers into the country. The ban has been in

1113:

Under Kenya's Firearms Act, a Taser device is considered a firearm, as per section 2 (a) (ii) of the Act. The section offers one of the descriptions for a firearm as "a lethal barrelled weapon of any description from which any shot, bullet or other missile can be discharged or which can be adapted

629:

at the airport in Vancouver, Canada where he died after the RCMP officer, in spite of his training, repeatedly stunned him with a TASER CEW. The report by forensic pathologist Charles Lee, of Vancouver General Hospital, listed the principal cause of death as "sudden death during restraint", with a

617:

Tests conducted by the Cleveland Clinic found that Taser CEWs did not interfere with pacemakers and implantable defibrillators. A study conducted by emergency medicine physicians at the University of California, San Diego, US showed no lasting effects of the Taser device on healthy test subjects.

594:

Since 2001, Russian developer Oleg Nemtyshkin has sought to create a repeating stun pistol, after the Axon Taser CEW. This weapon, the first of its kind, uses tensioned, uninsulated wire and is capable of cycling multiple shots with the pull of a trigger. A video of the S5 pistol firing at targets

368:

about 2.5 centimetres (1 in) apart, at an end of a shaft containing the batteries and mechanism. At the other end of the shaft are a handle and a switch. Both electrodes must touch the subject. In some types the sides of the baton can be electrified to stop the subject from grasping the baton

1412:

had conceded that the state's 1985 ban on stun guns is unconstitutional. On April 26, 2017, the lawsuit was settled by agreeing that the ban was unconstitutional and to promulgate regulations to allow for the possession of stun guns. The regulations allow for people over 18 to purchase stun guns,

621:

Currently, Taser devices are programmed to be activated in automatic five second bursts, and the operator can stop the energy charge by engaging the safety switch. The charge can also be prolonged beyond five seconds if the trigger is held down continuously. The operator can also inflict repeated

1092:

As of August 18, 2013, the use of Taser devices by Israeli police was temporarily suspended by Police Chief Yohanan Danino; after such instruments were used repeatedly and excessively by police against a person who allegedly was unarmed and who was not resisting a warranted arrest. But two weeks

850:

Austria allows police to use stun guns, including Taser CEWs. After using a Tasert CEW, police must immediately call for an ambulance. The victim must be medically checked directly at the place of the shooting, and only a medically trained person may remove the darts. From 2006 to 2012, Austrian

1491:

ruled unanimously that the ban on possession or carriage of stun guns in public is facially unconstitutional. It ruled that a section of law which prohibits the carrying or transportation of stun guns is unconstitutional because an exception against the prohibition (possessing a concealed carry

946:

Taser CEWs are considered class C-I firearms under Czech law, i.e. freely available over the counter, however the owner must be older than 18, have full legal capacity, place of residence in the Czech Republic, clean criminal record, full mental capacity and must register the taser with police.

390:

A stun belt is a belt that is fastened around the subject's waist, leg, or arm that carries a battery and control pack, and contains features to stop the subject from unfastening or removing it. A remote-control signal is sent to tell the control pack to give the subject an electric shock. Some

928:

Under the Law of the People's Republic of China on the Control of Firearms and Public Security Punishment Law, stun guns and tasers are prohibited for civilian ownership in China without an application for a state licence. A weapons permit is required to purchase and own a stun gun or taser.

4823: 3342:

show police have 'presented' Tasers to offenders 797 times since March 2010 and, of these, they were fired 102 times. However, the police's Tactical Options Research database shows the weapons were ineffective on 36 of those 102 occasions, meaning the weapons worked only two-thirds of the

2098: 2071: 1143:

In October 2012, police said the TASER device had been "very successful in de-escalating dangerous and potentially life-threatening situations". Since their introduction, TASER CEWs had been presented 1320 times but only fired 212 times, resulting in 13 injuries. In July 2015, the

1182:

were initiated. Since January 1, 2018, the Swedish police have been conducting tests with electroshock weapons for a two-year period and during the trial period approximately 700 police officers are trained. The move has been welcomed by the country's union for law enforcement.

1200:

and possession or construction is an offence. The maximum sentence for possession is ten years in prison and an unlimited fine. There is a minimum sentence of 5 years imprisonment if the TASER device is disguised as another object such as a torch or a mobile phone.

4698: 1363:

Hawaii's 1976 ban on stun guns was challenged in at least two lawsuits. As a result, the legislature passed HB891, legalizing stun guns in Hawaii as of January 1, 2022. A permit is not required but sellers must perform background checks and provide safety training.

398:. Some stun belts can restrain the subject's hands and have a strap going under his groin to stop him from rotating the belt around his waist to reach its battery and control pack and trying to deactivate it. Stun belts are not generally available to the public. 1302:

enough time to consider a warning, and to recover from the extreme pain of any prior application of the TASER device; and that TASER devices must not be used on children, the elderly, and women who are visibly pregnant or inform the officer of their pregnancy.

899:

found that the act classifies "the TASER Public Defender and any variant or modified version of it" as "prohibited firearms". However, Canadian police forces typically treat TASER devices as "prohibited weapons", inconsistent with the restrictions on firearms.

2104: 2077: 3601: 648:

Although the Taser CEW is a programmable device, the controlling software does not limit the number of the bursts of pulses and the time between bursts while the trigger is held down continuously, or the number of times the shock cycles can be repeated.

637:, a 21-year-old tourist from Brazil. He died after repeated exposure to a Taser device even after being physically apprehended (by the weight of several police officers lying on top of him compressing his chest and making it hard to breathe. He was 4815: 1139:

saw Taser devices presented almost 800 times and fired over 100 times, but firing was "ineffective" about a third of the time. The Taser device had been "unintentionally discharged" more often than they had been used properly in the line of duty.

1264:

policy and guidance, which states that TASER CEWs can be used only where officers would be facing violence or threats of violence of such severity that they would need to use force to protect the public, themselves, and/or the subject(s).

885:, Taser CEWs were considered "prohibited weapons" and could be used only by members of law-enforcement agencies after they were imported into the country under a special permit. The possession of restricted weapons must be licensed by the 97:

is a long range weapon that fires barbed darts and incapacitates the target by disrupting voluntary muscular control through the motor nervous system. However, some models of Taser blur this distinction as they are capable of delivering a

183:

in 1976. Cover's patent was adapted by Nova Technologies in 1983 for the Nova XR-5000, their first non-projectile hand-held style stun gun. The XR-5000 design was widely copied as the source for the compact handheld stun gun used today.

979:

reversed the decision judging that the specificities of the weapon required a stricter regulation and control. However, since the murder of a policewoman on duty, the Taser CEW has been in use again by local police forces since 2010.

622:

shock cycles with each pull of the trigger as long as both barbs remain attached to the subject. The only technical limit to the number or length of the electrical cycles is the life of the battery, which can be ten minutes or more.

1384:, the state dismissed the charges, thus allowing it to retain its ban on stun guns at the time. The law remained in force but was challenged in a separate lawsuit. On April 17, 2018, the Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court, in 745:

Possession, ownership and use of a stun gun (including Taser CEWs) by civilians is considerably restricted, if not illegal in all States and Territories. The importation into Australia is restricted with permits being required.

676:'s seal of approval are legal. Previous owners may keep their devices, but cannot carry or sell them. Electroshock weapons effective over a distance, like Taser CEWs, have been completely outlawed in Germany since 1 April 2008. 692:

Committee against Torture reports that the use of Taser devices can be a form of torture, due to the acute pain they cause, and warns against the possibility of death in some cases. The use of stun belts has been condemned by

251:

upon contact with the target will depend on various factors such as target's resistance, skin type, moisture, bodily salinity, clothing, the electroshock weapon's internal circuitry, discharge waveform, and battery conditions.

4995: 4690: 667:

if they do not carry an official seal of approval demonstrating they do not constitute a health risk. As of July, 2011, no such seal has been issued to any device on the market. According to § 40 Abs. 4 WaffG, the German

4408: 4151: 679:

In the United Kingdom the possession and purchase of any weapon of whatever description designed or adapted for the discharge of any noxious liquid, gas or other thing is prohibited. This includes electroshock weapons.

2440: 519:

Due to increased interest in developing less-lethal weapons, mainly from the U.S. Military, a number of new types of electroshock weapon are being researched. They are designed to provide a "ranged" less-lethal weapon.

2175: 1441:

On September 29, 2016, Washington D.C. announced that it intends on repealing its ban on stun guns in response to a lawsuit. The new law regulating stun guns for persons 18 years or older took effect on May 19, 2017.

4321: 1333:

protection, the right to keep and bear arms. They can be legally carried (concealed or openly) without a permit in almost every state. Their use in Connecticut, Illinois, and Wisconsin is legal with restrictions.

3608: 1422: 2248: 3851: 88:

fire projectiles that administer the shock through thin flexible wires. Long-range electroshock projectiles, which can be fired from ordinary shotguns and do not need the wires, have also been developed.

2796: 4852: 200:, which have been around for over 100 years and are the precursor of stun guns. The recipient is immobilized via two metal probes connected via wires to the electroshock device. The recipient feels 908:, as opposed to a prohibited "firearm". This misunderstanding was subsequently incorporated into the RCMP's operational policies and procedures as well as those of other police services in Canada. 239:

claimed to be in the range of 100 to 500 mA; individual impulse duration is claimed to be in the range of 10 to 100 μs (microseconds); frequency of impulse is claimed to be in the range of 2 to 40

5167: 5512: 3770: 2315: 904:

is available through access to information, the authors argued that the CEW was, for several years after its adoption by the RCMP, erroneously characterized as a prohibited "weapon" under the

1443: 4209: 3995: 4024: 3422: 1272:

agreed in February 2010 to arm 30 specially trained police officers using the TASER X26 CEW. The pilot would last three months and would be deployed in Glasgow City Centre and Rutherglen.

3817: 1165:

Requires a permit to manufacture, distribute, purchase or carry an electroshock weapon. Any electroshock devices with a projectile (TASER devices) are completely banned for civilian use.

4491: 2499: 5560: 1297:, the same Court of Appeals found that in two situations involving TASER CEW use, one in drive-stun and one in dart mode, officers had used excessive force. According to an article in 5459: 5079: 3392: 2670: 5219: 5137: 4987: 3166: 1275:

A fund for up to 10,000 additional TASER devices is being made available for individual chief police officers to bid for TASER devices based on their own operational requirements.

1065:. Issuing Taser CEWs to all members of the force (who are generally unarmed) was under consideration as of 2013. Use of Taser CEWs in Ireland by private individuals is prohibited. 429:

Raysun X-1, a multi-purpose handheld weapon that fires two stun probes (for high-voltage shocks), rubber bullets, pepper, and paintballs. Without the probes it works as a stun gun.

5287: 2561: 5372: 4462: 4400: 4238: 4143: 3966: 4045: 2437: 5339: 2521:

Analysis of the Quality and Safety of the Taser X26 devices tested for Radio-Canada / Canadian Broadcasting Corporation by National Technical Systems, Test Report 41196-08.SRC

2172: 1191: 672:

may approve of exceptions. Such a special approval for purchase, ownership and carrying was in effect until 31 December 2010. As of 1 January 2011, only devices carrying the

5197: 3254: 3355: 1330: 1290: 943:

Electroshock weapons that require direct contact are not regulated by Czech law. They may be purchased, owned and carried for personal protection without any limitations.

4912: 4313: 641:

at the same time). The Coroner was scathing of the "thuggish" behavior of the police. The repeated use of several Taser devices was considered excessive and unnecessary.

5257: 5024: 1492:

permit) only covers handguns, thus there is no exception for stun guns, and therefore the ban is unconstitutional. This leaves stun gun carriage legal without a permit.

955:

In Finland possession of a Taser CEW is legal only for police officers. Police have been using Taser CEWs since 2005. Nowadays there is one in almost every patrol car.

149:

In 1935, Ciril Diaz of Cuba designed an electroshock glove for use by the police. The glove delivered 1,500 volts of electricity (only 3% of the modern tasers voltage)

4960: 1102: 4379: 4433: 1803: 1750: 4776: 2229: 4519: 3843: 2932: 5108: 4936: 3105: 618:

However, Taser International no longer claims the devices are "non-lethal", instead saying they "are more effective and safer than other use-of-force options".

5393: 3498: 3283: 2786: 2275: 799: 4844: 2826: 2053: 2713: 2626: 2386: 851:

police used Taser CEWs 133 times—127 against humans and six against dogs. About 1,000 police officers were permitted in 2012 to carry and use a Taser CEW.

5533: 4751: 4267: 3514:

reports that the Ethics Commission does not approve of Taser field trials, as the need and risks had not been firmly established. They also disapprove of

2193: 1881: 5159: 4119: 2126: 5504: 3758: 3554: 3035: 2852: 1557:

city's ban, in response to a lawsuit, was repealed on May 15, 2017 but retains bans on possession in public schools and state or city public buildings;

559:

Need to carry a large tank of the liquid used, and a propellant canister, like a "water gun", to administer consecutive bursts of liquid over distances.

4545: 3054: 2542: 734: 497:, which funded development for the technology, expected delivery of a 90 metres (300 ft) range projectile of this type from the company in 2007. 3325: 196:

electrical discharge to override the body's muscle-triggering mechanisms. Commonly referred to as a stun gun, electroshock weapons are a relative of

5430: 828: 815: 669: 5480: 4201: 4180: 3713: 2643: 1975: 1699: 733:, to comply with a claim from the Human Rights Observatorium, that states that Taser CEWs are considered an instrument of torture by NGOs and the 486:

has developed a long-range wireless electro-shock projectile called XREP(eXtended Range Electro-Muscular Projectile), which can be fired from any

176: 4880: 4016: 3807: 3414: 1289:, the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals ruled that a TASER CEW had been used in a way that constituted excessive force and hence a violation of the 4483: 2491: 1089:

in 2004. The unit was disbanded in 2006. Taser CEWs are expected to re-enter operational use by the Israeli Defense Forces in the near future.

5308: 3987: 3877: 3079: 5451: 2312: 2242: 1914: 673: 5075: 4574: 3384: 3132:"TASER International, Inc. commends Greek Police Special Forces on use of Advanced Taser M26 to arrest Turkish Airlines Flight 160 hijacker" 2459: 571:

as the conductive medium. The manufacturers called it a "Plasma Taser"; however, this is only a marketing name, and the weapon does not use

5227: 1467: 1373: 1348: 1261: 5129: 3158: 2654: 4350: 3580: 2145: 5279: 2667: 2558: 2295: 1260:

of all forces in England and Wales, from 1 December 2008, to extend TASER CEW use to specially trained units in accordance with current

913: 626: 494: 376:

also designed to administer an electric shock with its lit end's metal surround (which is split into halves insulated from each other).

5364: 4454: 4295: 3633: 2763: 2351: 2025: 4230: 3958: 3903: 3448: 3213: 1338: 4052: 2212: 1009:

use Taser CEWs. Greek Police special forces used a Taser CEW to end the hijacking of a Turkish Airlines A310 by a Turkish citizen at

106:

technique involving placing the weapon in direct contact with the subject's body and discharging a shock without firing the probes.

3135: 2594: 5575: 1421:

New York's ban on stun guns is being challenged by Matthew Avitabile. On March 22, 2019, the ban was ruled unconstitutional by the

5189: 3925: 2733: 2161: 1946: 1637: 730: 168: 3363: 2523: 2313:

TASER International Successfully Demonstrates Wireless TASER(R) eXtended Range Electro-muscular Projectile to Military Officials

1666: 2885: 2694: 1968: 1214: 917: 863:(Municipal Guards), who receive professional training in the use of electro-conductive pistols. Taser devices are also used by 824: 501: 5249: 5016: 2438:

Cleveland Clinic Study Demonstrates TASER X26 Does Not Affect Short-Term Function of Implantable Pacemakers and Defibrillators

3192: 1210: 1086: 988:

The purchase, possession, and carrying of Taser devices in Germany has been prohibited since April 1, 2008 (gun control law:

938: 713: 625:

Concerns about the use of conducted electrical weapons have arisen from cases that include the death of the Polish immigrant

4641: 2970: 1920: 234:

to achieve an alternating high-voltage discharge or a continuous direct-current discharge. It may be powered by one or more

4371: 3661: 2237:. Police Executive Research Forum/U.S. Department of Justice - Office of Community Oriented Policing Services. March 2011. 4429: 3008:"Přehledně: Jaké změny přináší novela zákona o zbraních [What changes are coming with the Firearms Act Amendment]" 3007: 2210:

Excessive and lethal force? Amnesty International's concerns about deaths and ill-treatment involving police use of tasers

1821: 1757: 1534: 1310: 1058: 886: 2417: 410:

with electrodes embedded into the face, originally marketed for animal control, that have been adopted for riot control.

5053: 4772: 1455: 1010: 757: 5642: 4512: 2630: 1504: 779: 5100: 1728: 5401: 4202:"Lawsuit Filed Challenging Massachusetts' Ban on Non-Lethal Self-Defense Weapons | The Center for Individual Rights" 3490: 3295: 1550: 868: 553:"Non-continuous" discharge onto subject: liquid stream needs over 9 metres (30 ft) and over 5-second discharge 2992: 2271: 1077:

have approved using Taser devices. As of 16 February 2009, the first Taser CEWs became available to police units.

2911: 2819: 2050: 1488: 1397: 976: 890: 761: 753: 556:"Pooling" of conductive liquid at base of subject, making apprehension of subject difficult by observing officers 4259: 2945:"An Independent Review of the Adoption and Use of Conducted Energy Weapons by the Royal Canadian Mounted Police" 2378: 1877: 4743: 2709: 2190: 1538: 1381: 1343: 1178: 1062: 838: 789: 364:. It has a metal end split into two parts electrically insulated from each other, or two thin projecting metal 2123: 1561:

retains its ban but exempts from the ban homeowners in their home or persons with a concealed weapons permit.

716:

has also raised concerns about their use, as has the British human rights organization Resist Cardiac Arrest.

582:

Range of concept design is minimal (a gas cannot be propelled greater than 3 metres (9.8 ft) effectively)

3546: 3032: 2860: 4567:"NY Stun Gun Decision | District Of Columbia V. Heller | Second Amendment To The United States Constitution" 4314:"Michigan Court of Appeals Strikes Down Stun Gun Ban, Says Second Amendment Applies to Open Carry in Public" 1542: 1234: 664: 357: 4537: 3058: 2539: 1029:. They are otherwise illegal, and violation carries penalties up to a $ 100,000 fine and 14 years in jail. 4069: 3317: 1602: 1329:

TASER devices are considered the same as firearms by the United States government for the purposes of the

1123: 1054: 1026: 994: 905: 775: 634: 472: 5422: 4617: 3740: 1105:, import, carrying, purchase and use of stun guns or tasers is currently completely prohibited in Japan. 5487: 3339: 3109: 1776: 1580: 1519: 1246: 702: 694: 275:

There is a fabric that purports to protect the wearer from Taser devices or other electroshock weapons.

235: 4172: 3717: 1691: 5561:

Electrical stun weapons: alternative to lethal force or a compliance tool?, University of Bradford, UK

4873: 4665: 1558: 1508: 1257: 1085:

Taser devices were first used by the Israeli Defense Force by the former special counter-terror unit

1050: 820: 774:: Used by general duties (patrol), supervisors/duty officers and specialist officers attached to the 3691: 5315: 4595: 3873: 3531: 3083: 2475: 1546: 1409: 1285: 1230: 1222: 1145: 608: 493:. It contains a small high-voltage battery. Its range is currently 30 metres (98 ft), but the 483: 4566: 3812: 2730:"Tras la polémica por las armas eléctricas, una jueza porteña prohibió que la ciudad las utilice" 2456: 1632: 1610: 1606: 1572:' ban on stun guns was challenged in November 2016 and was eventually repealed on April 3, 2017. 1269: 1242: 1238: 1136: 895: 881: 871:, but such use is unusual because of the expense of maintaining a Taser CEW compared with a gun. 860: 785: 231: 2576: 1283:

Court cases in recent years have addressed the legality of TASER CEW use by police officers. In

575:. According to the proponents of this technology, problems associated with this design include: 564: 527:

is a prototype weapon that uses a laser to create a conducting ionized channel through the air.

4342: 859:

Use of the Taser device is legal for the police in Brazil. Its use is widespread mainly in the

768:

and Aviation portfolios, and qualified members of Specialist Support Teams in regional offices.

3576: 3511: 3291: 2944: 2238: 2142: 2017: 1910: 1852: 1813: 1226: 1197: 972: 834: 831:. A year long trial at Bendigo and Morwell stations is also underway by general duties police. 2292: 2005: 1470:

of firearms in 2011, Wisconsin also legalized stun gun possession for people with a license.

4288: 2755: 2457:

Results from testing the TASER on human subjects, shows that there are no short-term effects

2073:

United States Patent: 7602597 - Systems and methods for immobilization using charge delivery

1500: 964: 572: 468: 193: 172: 4988:"Opinion | New Jersey stun gun ban struck down, by consent order; New Orleans ban repealed" 3899: 3444: 3231: 3217: 435: 299: 4720:"Notice ID 6578363: Law 21-281, Stun Gun Regulation Amendment Act of 2016, DC Regulations" 3039: 2717: 2698: 2674: 2565: 2546: 2527: 2463: 2444: 2319: 2299: 2279: 2216: 2209: 2197: 2179: 2149: 2130: 2057: 1808: 1789: 1209:

The 12-month trial commenced on 1 September 2007, and took place in the following forces:

864: 805: 771: 103: 5565: 3131: 2590: 207:

The internal circuits of most electroshock weapons are fairly simple, based on either an

4797: 4017:"Photographer challenges Hawaii Taser ban on 2nd Amendment grounds > Hawaii News Now" 3106:"le Conseil d'Etat annule le décret autorisant la police municipale à utiliser le taser" 1122:

Royal Malaysia Police are set to become the second in Southeast Asia police force after

3519: 1627: 1317:—even after he was shocked twice with the device—causing officers to believe he was on 1253: 1074: 689: 614:

and, in some cases, health issues that are claimed to be due to the use of the weapon.

585:

The "gassing effect": all subjects in enclosed spaces are subjected to the same effects

531: 505: 216: 163:

in 1969. By 1974, he had completed the device, which he named after his childhood hero

58: 4144:"Opinion | Charges dropped in Caetano v. Massachusetts Second Amendment stun gun case" 4120:"New law allows Hawaii residents to legally purchase, carry stun gun for self-defense" 3929: 3665: 2729: 1942: 118: 5636: 3527: 2875: 2520: 2356: 2293:

Electro Muscular Disruption Technology: A Nine-Step Strategy for Effective Deployment

2046: 1979: 1844: 1658: 1545:, facing a lawsuit over its ban on stun guns, repealed its law on February 21, 2017; 1523: 1318: 81: 5584: 4719: 2690: 2100:

United States Patent: 6636412 - Hand-held stun gun for incapacitating a human target

808:: Used by all front line Police, STAR Group and Country Members in limited capacity. 348: 4897: 2880: 1591: 1218: 1006: 765: 638: 543: 524: 423: 337: 317: 77: 39: 4691:"D.C. to lift stun-gun ban after constitutional challenge by gun rights advocates" 3470:"OBERON-ALPHA: DEVELOPMENT AND PRODUCTION OF POLICE WEAPONS AND SPECIAL EQUIPMENT" 3188: 2332: 243:; electrical charge delivered is claimed to be in the range of 15 to 500 μC (micro 2966: 1904: 1569: 1314: 968: 508: 361: 279: 220: 197: 5365:"New Orleans' ban on stun guns under fire, suit claims law is unconstitutional" 729:

In 2010, one court ruled against the use of five imported Taser devices by the

311: 5621: 5609: 4845:"Illinois Supreme Court rules residents can carry Tasers, stun guns in public" 2791: 2407: 1622: 795: 709: 464: 395: 373: 365: 247:); energy delivered is claimed to be in the range of 0.9 to 10 J. The output 208: 152: 5570: 5045: 2021: 1856: 1817: 1148:

announced that TASER CEWs would be routinely carried by all police officers.

3515: 1751:"Less Lethal Weapons: Model Policy and Procedure for Public Safety Officers" 1554: 1306: 385: 321: 228: 212: 164: 43: 5597: 4401:"New Jersey concedes that state stun gun ban violates the Second Amendment" 394:

The United States uses these devices to control prisoners. One type is the

4094: 3385:"Commissioner announces routine carriage of Taser by first response staff" 3033:

http://yle.fi/uutiset/etalamautin_yleistyy_poliisin_voimankaytossa/6236432

2907: 1720: 1433:

Rhode Island's ban on stun guns was ruled unconstitutional in March 2022.

5160:"Prompted by lawsuit, Howard County votes to lift electronic weapons ban" 3469: 1408:

On November 15, 2016, it was reported that New Jersey's Attorney General

811: 500:

An XREP projectile was controversially used by British police during the

487: 4798:"Gov. Blagojevich signs law requiring firearm license to own a stun gun" 2274:, Taser International, published March 12, 2007. Retrieved May 19, 2007 2191:

Amnesty International's continuing concerns about taser use (in the USA)

1425:. But it was ruled constitutional by a state court on October 15, 2019. 708:

Taser CEWs may also not leave the telltale markings that a conventional

5076:"Anne Arundel County Lifts Ban On Tasers & Stun Guns For Residents" 2412: 1483: 1396:

In 2012, Michigan's ban on stun guns was ruled unconstitutional by the

1174: 1038: 698: 663:

Electroshock weapons have been made illegal in Germany by supplement 2

596: 568: 490: 244: 180: 3988:"Lawsuit: Hawaii Taser Ban is Unconstitutional > Hawaii Free Press" 3844:"Supreme Court suggests Second Amendment protects carrying a stun gun" 1321:. Its lack of effectiveness was blamed on a possible battery problem. 30: 471:

to disrupt voluntary control of muscles resulting in pain and broad "

407: 256: 70: 62: 54: 4484:"New York law banning right to bear "electronic" arms faces lawsuit" 1388:, ruled that the state's 2004 ban on stun guns is unconstitutional. 467:

which remain connected to the main unit by conductors. It delivers

84:, and belts administer an electric shock by direct contact, whereas 17: 5046:"Stun Gun Laws - Are They Legal in Your State? - Outdoors Magazine" 4642:"Federal judge strikes down R.I.'s stun gun ban - The Boston Globe" 3926:"Taser C2, C2 Taser, Less-than-Lethal Weapons, Non-Lethal Weapons" 1845:"Tasers: Are These Police Tools Effective and Are They Dangerous?" 1423:

United States District Court for the Northern District of New York

1173:

Taser devices and other electronic control devices are considered

534:

projectile that generates and releases electric charge on impact.

460: 454: 347: 240: 224: 192:

Electroshock weapon technology uses a temporary high-voltage, low-

160: 99: 94: 85: 35: 29: 2379:"Russian man aims to reinvent "Taser" technology | WIRED UK" 1192:

Police uniforms and equipment in the United Kingdom § Tasers

76:

Many types of these devices exist. Stun guns, batons (or prods),

5394:"Stun guns are legal again in New Orleans after ban is repealed" 4231:"Massachusetts court strikes down ban on stun guns | Boston.com" 3808:"TECHNOLOGY; New Taser Finds Unexpected Home In Hands of Police" 3523: 3080:"Les policiers municipaux bientôt autorisés à utiliser le Taser" 538:

Weapons that administer electric shock through a stream of fluid

201: 156: 66: 5130:"Maryland county stun gun ban prompts Second Amendment lawsuit" 2615:

Bundesanzeiger Nr. 236 vom 18. Dezember 2007, S. 8289

2352:"Taser guns chief "kills himself" after Raol Moat shooting row" 1355:

As of 2022, some local jurisdictions retain bans on stun guns.

1157:

place since the first version of the law was approved in 1996.

441:

Taser Stoper C2, with cartridge removed. A self-defense weapon.

5017:"Iowa Stun Gun and Taser Law | Stun Gun Defense Products Blog" 4744:"Mace, Pepper Spray, Self-Defense Sprays and Stun Guns | mpdc" 2787:"Country police equipped with Tasers from Sunday in trial run" 1756:. Michigan Municipal Risk Management Authority. Archived from 113: 5505:"Opinion | Another stun gun ban repealed, this one in Tacoma" 867:

and specialized forces. There are laws allowing their use by

1503:'s 2012 ban on stun guns was repealed on February 24, 2020. 705:, sometimes are) used to inflict cruel pain on individuals. 5452:"Philadelphia removes Taser ban after urging from 2A group" 4455:"N.J. moves to legalize stun guns after 2nd Amendment suit" 2710:

Amnesty International's continuing concerns about taser use

5250:"Federal judge agrees to repeal stun gun ban in Baltimore" 4343:"FindLaw's Court of Appeals of Michigan case and opinions" 2853:"Police investigate after Taser loaned to doughnut worker" 2051:

Technological Invention and Diffusion of Torture Equipment

2049:, associate professor of Political Science, Reed College, 1804:"Electric Glove for Police Stuns Victims With 1,500 Volts" 992:). However Taser devices are in use by police SWAT teams, 749:

Stun gun use in Australian law enforcement is as follows:

305:

A concealable weapon shaped and sized like a lipstick tube

1196:

TASER CEWs are considered "prohibited weapons" under the

336:

available disguised as other objects, such as umbrellas,

5627:

Electrical stun guns and electrically conductive liquids

3791:"Officer's lawyer says darts used of King are missing". 2668:

Committee against Torture Concludes Thirty-Ninth Session

1692:"What Is the Difference Between a Stun Gun & Taser?" 5220:"Baltimore Co. leaders repeal ban on tasers, stun guns" 1135:

A large-scale and generally well received trial by the

130: 5605:- 1852 patent by Albert Sonnenburg and Philipp Rechten 3739:

United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit.

3159:"Gardai may be issued with stun guns as assaults rise" 2162:

Carleton University Technical Report on Taser Stun Gun

1526:

city (which is within Crawford County) ban stun guns.

2492:"Supervising officer ordered Taser use on Dziekanski" 2124:

Q&A with TASER International co-founder Tom Smith

1594:

repealed its 1977 stun gun ban in late October 2017.

1372:

Previously, the U.S. Supreme Court had overruled the

1049:

Specialist units of Ireland's national police force (

764:, qualified general duties (patrol) Sergeants within 633:

A similar incident occurred in Sydney, Australia, to

5280:"Baltimore City Council votes to legalize stun guns" 4260:"Massachusetts High Court Strikes Down Stun Gun Ban" 1969:"Jurisdiction over the Taser Public Defender (#236)" 1446:

issued a statement about the legality of stun guns.

1352:

possession in previously prohibitive jurisdictions.

463:

is a handheld weapon that fires two small dart-like

2540:

The Electric Shock Questions - Effects and Symptoms

2070:Smith, Patrick W.; Nerheim, Magne H. (2009-10-13), 975:by a government decree, but in September 2009, the 255:The M-26 Taser models produce a peak current of 18 3415:"Taser decision good for public and police safety" 2333:"Tasers fired at gunman Raoul Moat 'not approved'" 1749:Law Enforcement Advisory Committee (Summer 2005). 549:associated with this experimental design include: 4913:"Newark repeals legally dubious ban on stun guns" 3445:"Официальный интернет-портал правовой информации" 3082:(in French). Agence France-Presse. Archived from 998:(SEK) and others, in 13 out of 16 German states. 971:. In September 2008, they were made available to 360:prods are similar in basic design to an electric 1037:Use of Taser devices is generally prohibited in 391:models are activated by the subject's movement. 259:in pulses that last for around 10 microseconds. 5576:"Use of Force, Civil Litigation, and the Taser" 5423:"Shocker! Stun Guns Soon to Be Legal in Philly" 3759:"Electronic Control Devices: Where Are We Now?" 3685: 3683: 3264:. National Council for Law Reporting. p. 5 2290:International Association of Chiefs of Police, 1177:in Sweden and are banned for civilian use. The 837:: Used by both general duties (patrol) and the 788:: Used by both general duties (patrol) and the 4600:, vol. 65, October 15, 2019, p. 1024 2681:, November 23, 2007. Accessed 26 November 2007 2143:Police review policy after Tasers used on kids 1909:. Boston: Butterworth-Heinemann. p. 187. 1843:Mele, Christopher; Diaz, Johnny (2021-04-14). 1549:voted to repeal its ban on February 27, 2017; 4513:"MATTHEW AVITABILE vs. LT. COL. GEORGE BEACH" 3928:. Worthprotectionsecurity.com. Archived from 3837: 3835: 893:unless exempted by law. A 2008 review of the 630:contributory factor of "chronic alcoholism". 8: 5566:The Physical Effects of Electroshock Weapons 4816:"American Legal Publishing - Online Library" 4538:"Judge shoots down New York's ban on tasers" 3714:"Strathclyde Police allowed to carry tasers" 3214:"Taser Electric Shock Gun to Be Used in IDF" 1583:, Kansas repealed its stun gun ban in 2014. 1553:repealed its local ordinance in April 2017; 1305:In 1991, an electroshock device supplied by 879:According to previous interpretation of the 3656: 3654: 3602:"The National Police Chiefs Council (NPCC)" 3547:"Swedish police to trial use of taser guns" 1252:Following the completion of the trial, the 798:: Used by both general duties (patrol) and 3716:. Strathclyde Police Force. Archived from 3662:"Police to be allowed wider use of Tasers" 2476:Police stun-gun may be lethal, firm admits 171:). The Taser Public Defender product used 5190:"City Council repeals electronic gun ban" 4430:"New Jersey settles stun gun ban lawsuit" 2486: 2484: 2231:2011 ELECTRONIC CONTROL WEAPON GUIDELINES 544:Water_cannon § Electrified_water_jet 479:Wireless long-range electric shock weapon 3664:. Reuters. July 19, 2007. Archived from 1941:Talvi, Silja J. A. (November 13, 2006). 1537:lifted its ban on stun guns in 2013 and 760:: used only by officers attached to the 590:The S5: A repeating cyclical stun pistol 4095:"Hawaii HB891 | 2021 | Regular Session" 3262:International Committee of the Red Cros 2876:"Taser use could put police under fire" 2322:, PR News. Retrieved December 23, 2007. 1976:U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission 1906:Criminal justice : an introduction 1649: 1605:repealed its ban on stun guns in 2016. 1127:Wangi in Kuala Lumpur and Johor Bahru. 990:Anlage 2, Abschnitt 1, Nr. 1.3.6. WaffG 177:Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms 4982: 4980: 4070:"Judge Puts Hawaii Taser Case On Hold" 3577:"Elchockvapen | Polismyndigheten" 3491:"Etiska rådet säger nej till elpistol" 2818:Gerhard Brenner (September 10, 2012). 1785: 1774: 69:, usually without causing significant 5101:"Annapolis strikes down stun gun ban" 4173:"Two New Second Amendment Challenges" 3953: 3951: 3949: 3947: 3806:Riordan, Teresa (November 17, 2003). 3634:"Schedule 6 to the Firearms Act 1968" 2973:from the original on January 12, 2009 2914:from the original on February 7, 2011 2502:from the original on January 17, 2019 2272:" Neuromuscular Incapacitation (NMI)" 1949:from the original on December 5, 2006 1093:later the Taser CEW was unsuspended. 645:The threshold for women may be less. 7: 3880:from the original on October 4, 2013 3690:Leppard, David (November 23, 2008). 3557:from the original on 1 December 2017 2947:. Rcmp-grc.gc.ca. September 12, 2008 2766:from the original on 23 January 2010 2350:Flanagan, Padraic (2 October 2010). 1878:"The dark lure of "pain compliance"" 1832:– via blog.modernmechanix.com. 1685: 1683: 1374:Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court 1349:Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court 1262:Association of Chief Police Officers 1256:agreed on 24 November 2008 to allow 914:Robert Dziekański Taser CEW incident 38:, with cartridge removed, making an 4372:"Stun gun ban to end in New Jersey" 3906:from the original on 2 October 2013 3356:"Tasers 'extremely useful': police" 2874:MacCharles, Tonda (June 28, 2008). 1876:Langton, Jerry (December 1, 2007). 1609:ban was repealed on June 27, 2017. 1458:repealed its stun gun ban in 2016. 659:Electroshock weapon § Legality 352:Electric cattle prod from the 1950s 4911:Shannon, Josh (26 February 2020). 4804:. State of Illinois. 23 June 2005. 3854:from the original on 26 March 2016 3842:Savage, David G. (21 March 2016). 3501:from the original on June 24, 2013 3328:from the original on July 19, 2011 3006:Gawron, Tomáš (22 December 2020). 2888:from the original on July 12, 2008 2851:Giroday, Gabrielle (24 May 2007). 2832:from the original on June 11, 2016 2799:from the original on June 15, 2011 2408:"Рекламный фильм PDG-S5 - YouTube" 2173:Product Warnings – Law Enforcement 1884:from the original on June 25, 2013 1339:Supreme Court of the United States 1021:Under Hong Kong laws, Chapter 238 169:"Thomas A. Swift's electric rifle" 25: 5629:- 1989 patent by Gregory Battochi 5021:www.stun-gun-defense-products.com 4177:AmmoLand.com Shooting Sports News 3820:from the original on June 7, 2009 3692:"Police to get 10,000 Taser guns" 3425:from the original on 8 March 2016 3395:from the original on 8 March 2016 3362:. 29 October 2012. Archived from 3318:"The shocking truth about Tasers" 3138:from the original on June 8, 2011 1380:case. However, when the case was 1081:Israeli Defense Force first usage 1023:Firearms and Ammunition Ordinance 175:as its propellant, which led the 159:researcher, began developing the 4886:from the original on 2019-03-25. 4525:from the original on 2018-08-04. 4301:from the original on 2018-04-25. 4289:"JORGE RAMIREZ vs. COMMONWEALTH" 4118:Solina, Samie (2 January 2022). 3959:"Stun guns being decriminalized" 2967:"Braidwood Inquiry: Transcripts" 2736:from the original on 5 June 2010 2578:WaffG Anlage 2, siehe 1.3.6 2097:Smith, Patrick W. (2003-10-21), 2028:from the original on 28 May 2013 1978:. March 22, 1976. Archived from 1638:Graduated Electronic Decelerator 731:Buenos Aires Metropolitan Police 567:as a prototype in 2003, uses an 434: 422: 372:Some models are built into long 310: 298: 285:Commercially available varieties 117: 61:aimed at temporarily disrupting 5617:- 1957 patent by Thomas D. Ryan 5515:from the original on 2017-07-12 5462:from the original on 2019-04-25 5433:from the original on 2017-11-07 5375:from the original on 2016-11-25 5290:from the original on 2017-05-16 5260:from the original on 2017-04-26 5200:from the original on 2017-03-07 5170:from the original on 2017-02-24 5140:from the original on 2017-02-05 5111:from the original on 2017-05-21 5082:from the original on 2017-11-13 5056:from the original on 2017-06-15 5027:from the original on 2017-12-12 4998:from the original on 2017-05-01 4855:from the original on 2019-03-25 4826:from the original on 2017-10-16 4779:from the original on 2017-05-14 4754:from the original on 2017-09-02 4701:from the original on 2016-09-30 4666:"R.I. Stun Gun Ban Struck Down" 4577:from the original on 2019-03-25 4548:from the original on 2019-03-25 4494:from the original on 2016-12-09 4465:from the original on 2017-08-25 4436:from the original on 2017-04-26 4411:from the original on 2016-11-15 4382:from the original on 2017-10-25 4353:from the original on 2018-01-07 4324:from the original on 2017-01-06 4270:from the original on 2018-04-19 4241:from the original on 2018-04-24 4212:from the original on 2017-03-04 4183:from the original on 2017-03-04 4154:from the original on 2017-04-07 4027:from the original on 2018-08-03 3998:from the original on 2018-04-15 3969:from the original on 2016-11-16 3902:. Wisconsin State Legislature. 3773:from the original on 2013-12-12 3757:Eric P. Daigle (January 2012). 3583:from the original on 2018-11-22 3451:from the original on 2015-01-02 3294:. June 26, 2009. Archived from 3286:Taser X26 stun guns in use soon 3195:from the original on 2017-09-27 3169:from the original on 8 May 2014 2679:United Nations Office at Geneva 2629:. 2 August 2012. Archived from 2597:from the original on 2012-01-17 2420:from the original on 2015-02-28 2389:from the original on 2019-03-06 2254:from the original on 2015-09-05 1923:from the original on 2017-04-24 1731:from the original on 2019-04-06 1702:from the original on 2018-12-09 1669:from the original on 2019-03-29 1665:. Stun & Run Self Defense. 1103:Swords and Firearms Control Law 918:Vancouver International Airport 825:Critical Incident Response Team 800:Special Emergency Response Team 502:2010 Northumbria Police manhunt 5074:says, BeEtLjOoZ (6 May 2013). 3876:. World Net Enterprises, Inc. 3534:(Speer Gold Dot) questionable. 3419:New Zealand Police Association 3189:"המשטרה מציגה: שוטרים מחשמלים" 2785:Hosking, Wes (June 30, 2010). 2756:"Tasers rollout for SA police" 1444:Metropolitan Police Department 963:Taser devices are used by the 939:Gun laws in the Czech Republic 714:American Civil Liberties Union 1: 4312:Volokh, Eugene (2012-06-27). 2910:. Compliance Strategy Group. 1311:Los Angeles Police Department 887:Royal Canadian Mounted Police 658: 563:Another design, announced by 5579:FBI Law Enforcement Bulletin 4536:Andrew Denney (2019-03-22). 3530:. They also find the use of 3057:(in Finnish). Archived from 2656:FAQ zum Waffenrecht beim BKA 2559:TASER X26E Operating Manual 1456:United States Virgin Islands 1413:effective October 20, 2017. 1011:Athens International Airport 758:Australian Capital Territory 579:Poor electrical conductivity 320:-style stun gun mimicking a 65:functions and/or inflicting 5585:How Stuff Works - Stun Guns 5571:Stun Gun Laws United States 5481:"ORDINANCE NO. 2016-07-017" 5218:Singh, Nadia (2017-04-04). 4622:webserver.rilin.state.ri.us 3157:Cusack, Jim (12 May 2013). 2995:(in Chinese). Apr 24, 2015. 2908:"Compliance Strategy Group" 2691:USA - Amnesty International 2060:Portland, OR, August, 1998. 1903:Purpura, Philip P. (1996). 780:Public Order and Riot Squad 5659: 5603:Electric whaling apparatus 3900:"Wisconsin Statute 175.60" 2716:November 17, 2006, at the 2006:"Stun Guns How dangerous?" 1189: 936: 869:private security companies 656: 606: 541: 495:U.S. Department of Defense 452: 383: 277: 1489:Supreme Court of Illinois 1398:Michigan Court of Appeals 891:Canadian Firearms Program 762:Specialist Response Group 754:Australian Federal Police 735:Committee against Torture 5581:, March 2005 (pg. 24–30) 3793:Daily News (Los Angeles) 2004:Edelson, Edward (1985). 1474:Localities within states 1344:Caetano v. Massachusetts 1179:Swedish Police Authority 829:Special Operations Group 816:Special Operations Group 790:Territory Response Group 776:Tactical Operations Unit 3526:teams having access to 3134:. TASER International. 2969:. Braidwoodinquiry.ca. 2820:"Taser als Dienstwaffe" 2697:August 3, 2006, at the 2278:April 13, 2008, at the 1386:Ramirez v. Commonwealth 1059:Emergency Response Unit 839:Tactical Response Group 3694:. London: Times Online 1943:"Stunning Revelations" 1784:Cite journal requires 1727:. TASER Self-Defense. 1124:Singapore Police Force 1055:Special Detective Unit 1027:Hong Kong Police Force 995:Spezialeinsatzkommando 965:French National Police 635:Roberto Laudisio Curti 369:above the electrodes. 353: 188:Principle of operation 46: 5622:U.S. patent 5,103,366 5610:U.S. patent 2,805,067 5427:Philadelphia Magazine 5023:. 16 September 2013. 4773:"Stun guns now legal" 4318:The Volokh Conspiracy 4021:www.hawaiinewsnow.com 3340:The Sunday Star-Times 3216:. IDF. Archived from 3110:Le Nouvel Observateur 3086:on September 12, 2008 2673:May 28, 2008, at the 1985:on September 10, 2008 1663:www.srselfdefense.com 1598:Washington localities 1293:. In the latter case 1258:chief police officers 1053:) use the X26 model; 703:Amnesty International 695:Amnesty International 542:Further information: 351: 278:Further information: 53:is an incapacitating 33: 27:Incapacitating weapon 4965:library.municode.com 4208:. 16 February 2017. 3338:Figures obtained by 2591:"WaffG - Einzelnorm" 2416:. 14 December 2012. 1824:on September 5, 2015 1215:Devon & Cornwall 344:Electric shock prods 179:to classify it as a 5164:Howard County Times 4820:library.amlegal.com 4074:Honolulu Civil Beat 3992:hawaiifreepress.com 3848:Albuquerque Journal 3741:"Mattos v. Agarano" 3668:on February 1, 2013 3253:Kenya Law Reports. 3112:. September 2, 2009 2857:Winnipeg Free Press 1721:"Taser vs Stun Gun" 1657:Faircloth, Ulrich. 1633:Electric flyswatter 1535:Anne Arundel County 1530:Maryland localities 1511:retain their bans. 1496:Delaware localities 1410:Christopher Porrino 1337:In March 2016, the 1286:Bryan v. MacPherson 1231:Metropolitan Police 1211:Avon & Somerset 1146:Police Commissioner 1063:Armed Support Units 814:: Used only by the 609:Taser safety issues 565:Rheinmetall W&M 484:Taser International 51:electroshock weapon 5643:Non-lethal weapons 5534:"Municode Library" 5340:"Municode Library" 5278:Broadwater, Luke. 5194:capitalgazette.com 4961:"Municode Library" 4937:"Municode Library" 4874:"Illinois v. Webb" 3813:The New York Times 3614:on 7 February 2014 3389:New Zealand Police 3255:"The Firearms Act" 3038:2016-09-18 at the 2564:2009-05-30 at the 2545:2009-04-26 at the 2526:2013-09-13 at the 2498:. March 23, 2009. 2462:2018-08-01 at the 2443:2007-09-27 at the 2318:2012-09-20 at the 2298:2013-12-10 at the 2215:2018-11-22 at the 2196:2007-09-26 at the 2178:2007-09-26 at the 2148:2006-02-17 at the 2129:2007-10-14 at the 2056:2010-03-05 at the 1945:. In These Times. 1849:The New York Times 1812:(September 1935). 1763:on August 20, 2008 1270:Strathclyde Police 1268:Also, in Scotland 1137:New Zealand Police 896:Firearms Act, 1995 882:Firearms Act, 1995 861:Guardas Municipais 786:Northern Territory 530:A shockround is a 354: 232:voltage multiplier 129:. You can help by 47: 5598:U.S. patent 8,843 5158:Waseem, Fatimah. 5050:Outdoors Magazine 4898:"Ordinance 12-04" 4724:www.dcregs.dc.gov 4597:People v. Johnson 4046:"Young v. Hawaii" 3932:on April 29, 2008 3795:. April 28, 1991. 3638:statutelaw.gov.uk 3532:hollow-point ammo 3512:Svenska Dagbladet 3495:Svenska Dagbladet 3292:New Straits Times 3163:Irish Independent 2933:Kiedrowski Report 2677:, press release, 2633:on 2 August 2012. 2244:978-1-935676-05-8 2152:November 15, 2004 1916:978-0-7506-9630-2 1613:retains its ban. 1505:New Castle County 1313:failed to subdue 1295:Mattos v. Agarano 1198:Firearms Act 1968 835:Western Australia 627:Robert Dziekanski 515:Prototype designs 475:incapacitation". 406:Stun shields are 331:Compact stun guns 292:Compact stun guns 147: 146: 57:. It delivers an 16:(Redirected from 5650: 5624: 5612: 5600: 5548: 5547: 5545: 5544: 5538:www.municode.com 5530: 5524: 5523: 5521: 5520: 5501: 5495: 5494: 5492: 5486:. Archived from 5485: 5477: 5471: 5470: 5468: 5467: 5448: 5442: 5441: 5439: 5438: 5419: 5413: 5412: 5410: 5409: 5400:. Archived from 5390: 5384: 5383: 5381: 5380: 5360: 5354: 5353: 5351: 5350: 5344:www.municode.com 5336: 5330: 5329: 5327: 5326: 5320: 5314:. Archived from 5313: 5305: 5299: 5298: 5296: 5295: 5284:baltimoresun.com 5275: 5269: 5268: 5266: 5265: 5248:Orman, Shelley. 5245: 5239: 5238: 5236: 5235: 5226:. Archived from 5215: 5209: 5208: 5206: 5205: 5185: 5179: 5178: 5176: 5175: 5155: 5149: 5148: 5146: 5145: 5126: 5120: 5119: 5117: 5116: 5097: 5091: 5090: 5088: 5087: 5071: 5065: 5064: 5062: 5061: 5042: 5036: 5035: 5033: 5032: 5013: 5007: 5006: 5004: 5003: 4984: 4975: 4974: 4972: 4971: 4957: 4951: 4950: 4948: 4947: 4941:www.municode.com 4933: 4927: 4926: 4924: 4923: 4908: 4902: 4901: 4894: 4888: 4887: 4885: 4878: 4870: 4864: 4863: 4861: 4860: 4841: 4835: 4834: 4832: 4831: 4812: 4806: 4805: 4802:www.illinois.gov 4794: 4788: 4787: 4785: 4784: 4769: 4763: 4762: 4760: 4759: 4740: 4734: 4733: 4731: 4730: 4716: 4710: 4709: 4707: 4706: 4687: 4681: 4680: 4678: 4677: 4662: 4656: 4655: 4653: 4652: 4638: 4632: 4631: 4629: 4628: 4614: 4608: 4607: 4606: 4605: 4592: 4586: 4585: 4583: 4582: 4563: 4557: 4556: 4554: 4553: 4533: 4527: 4526: 4524: 4517: 4509: 4503: 4502: 4500: 4499: 4480: 4474: 4473: 4471: 4470: 4451: 4445: 4444: 4442: 4441: 4426: 4420: 4419: 4417: 4416: 4397: 4391: 4390: 4388: 4387: 4368: 4362: 4361: 4359: 4358: 4339: 4333: 4332: 4330: 4329: 4309: 4303: 4302: 4300: 4293: 4285: 4279: 4278: 4276: 4275: 4256: 4250: 4249: 4247: 4246: 4227: 4221: 4220: 4218: 4217: 4198: 4192: 4191: 4189: 4188: 4169: 4163: 4162: 4160: 4159: 4140: 4134: 4133: 4131: 4130: 4115: 4109: 4108: 4106: 4105: 4091: 4085: 4084: 4082: 4081: 4066: 4060: 4059: 4057: 4051:. Archived from 4050: 4042: 4036: 4035: 4033: 4032: 4023:. 31 July 2018. 4013: 4007: 4006: 4004: 4003: 3984: 3978: 3977: 3975: 3974: 3955: 3942: 3941: 3939: 3937: 3922: 3916: 3915: 3913: 3911: 3896: 3890: 3889: 3887: 3885: 3870: 3864: 3863: 3861: 3859: 3839: 3830: 3829: 3827: 3825: 3803: 3797: 3796: 3788: 3782: 3781: 3779: 3778: 3763:The Police Chief 3754: 3748: 3747: 3745: 3736: 3730: 3729: 3727: 3725: 3720:on July 16, 2011 3710: 3704: 3703: 3701: 3699: 3687: 3678: 3677: 3675: 3673: 3658: 3649: 3648: 3646: 3644: 3630: 3624: 3623: 3621: 3619: 3613: 3607:. Archived from 3606: 3598: 3592: 3591: 3589: 3588: 3573: 3567: 3566: 3564: 3562: 3543: 3537: 3536: 3508: 3506: 3487: 3481: 3480: 3478: 3476: 3466: 3460: 3459: 3457: 3456: 3441: 3435: 3434: 3432: 3430: 3421:. 31 July 2015. 3411: 3405: 3404: 3402: 3400: 3391:. 31 July 2015. 3381: 3375: 3374: 3372: 3371: 3352: 3346: 3345: 3335: 3333: 3314: 3308: 3307: 3305: 3303: 3298:on June 26, 2009 3280: 3274: 3273: 3271: 3269: 3259: 3250: 3244: 3243: 3241: 3239: 3228: 3222: 3221: 3210: 3204: 3203: 3201: 3200: 3185: 3179: 3178: 3176: 3174: 3154: 3148: 3147: 3145: 3143: 3128: 3122: 3121: 3119: 3117: 3102: 3096: 3095: 3093: 3091: 3076: 3070: 3069: 3067: 3066: 3051: 3045: 3044: 3030: 3024: 3023: 3021: 3019: 3003: 2997: 2996: 2989: 2983: 2982: 2980: 2978: 2963: 2957: 2956: 2954: 2952: 2941: 2935: 2930: 2924: 2923: 2921: 2919: 2904: 2898: 2897: 2895: 2893: 2871: 2865: 2864: 2859:. Archived from 2848: 2842: 2841: 2839: 2837: 2831: 2824: 2815: 2809: 2808: 2806: 2804: 2782: 2776: 2775: 2773: 2771: 2752: 2746: 2745: 2743: 2741: 2726: 2720: 2707: 2701: 2688: 2682: 2665: 2659: 2652: 2646: 2641: 2635: 2634: 2627:"BKA Startseite" 2623: 2617: 2612: 2606: 2605: 2603: 2602: 2587: 2581: 2574: 2568: 2556: 2550: 2537: 2531: 2530:December 2, 2008 2518: 2512: 2511: 2509: 2507: 2488: 2479: 2473: 2467: 2454: 2448: 2435: 2429: 2428: 2426: 2425: 2404: 2398: 2397: 2395: 2394: 2375: 2369: 2368: 2366: 2364: 2347: 2341: 2340: 2329: 2323: 2310: 2304: 2288: 2282: 2269: 2263: 2262: 2260: 2259: 2253: 2236: 2226: 2220: 2219:30 November 2004 2207: 2201: 2188: 2182: 2170: 2164: 2159: 2153: 2140: 2134: 2121: 2115: 2114: 2113: 2112: 2103:, archived from 2094: 2088: 2087: 2086: 2085: 2076:, archived from 2067: 2061: 2047:Darius M. Rejali 2044: 2038: 2037: 2035: 2033: 2001: 1995: 1994: 1992: 1990: 1984: 1973: 1965: 1959: 1958: 1956: 1954: 1938: 1932: 1931: 1929: 1928: 1900: 1894: 1893: 1891: 1889: 1880:. Toronto Star. 1873: 1867: 1866: 1864: 1863: 1840: 1834: 1833: 1831: 1829: 1820:. Archived from 1800: 1794: 1793: 1787: 1782: 1780: 1772: 1770: 1768: 1762: 1755: 1746: 1740: 1739: 1737: 1736: 1717: 1711: 1710: 1708: 1707: 1690:Carson, Andrea. 1687: 1678: 1677: 1675: 1674: 1659:"Stun Gun Myths" 1654: 1551:Baltimore County 1541:did so in 2014. 1331:Second Amendment 1291:Fourth Amendment 1235:Northamptonshire 977:Council of State 595:was uploaded on 469:electric current 438: 426: 314: 302: 142: 139: 121: 114: 42:between its two 21: 5658: 5657: 5653: 5652: 5651: 5649: 5648: 5647: 5633: 5632: 5620: 5615:Electric weapon 5608: 5596: 5593: 5557: 5552: 5551: 5542: 5540: 5532: 5531: 5527: 5518: 5516: 5509:Washington Post 5503: 5502: 5498: 5490: 5483: 5479: 5478: 5474: 5465: 5463: 5450: 5449: 5445: 5436: 5434: 5421: 5420: 5416: 5407: 5405: 5392: 5391: 5387: 5378: 5376: 5362: 5361: 5357: 5348: 5346: 5338: 5337: 5333: 5324: 5322: 5318: 5311: 5309:"§ 59-28(b)(1)" 5307: 5306: 5302: 5293: 5291: 5277: 5276: 5272: 5263: 5261: 5247: 5246: 5242: 5233: 5231: 5217: 5216: 5212: 5203: 5201: 5187: 5186: 5182: 5173: 5171: 5157: 5156: 5152: 5143: 5141: 5128: 5127: 5123: 5114: 5112: 5099: 5098: 5094: 5085: 5083: 5073: 5072: 5068: 5059: 5057: 5044: 5043: 5039: 5030: 5028: 5015: 5014: 5010: 5001: 4999: 4992:Washington Post 4986: 4985: 4978: 4969: 4967: 4959: 4958: 4954: 4945: 4943: 4935: 4934: 4930: 4921: 4919: 4910: 4909: 4905: 4896: 4895: 4891: 4883: 4876: 4872: 4871: 4867: 4858: 4856: 4843: 4842: 4838: 4829: 4827: 4814: 4813: 4809: 4796: 4795: 4791: 4782: 4780: 4771: 4770: 4766: 4757: 4755: 4742: 4741: 4737: 4728: 4726: 4718: 4717: 4713: 4704: 4702: 4695:Washington Post 4689: 4688: 4684: 4675: 4673: 4672:. 15 March 2022 4664: 4663: 4659: 4650: 4648: 4646:BostonGlobe.com 4640: 4639: 4635: 4626: 4624: 4616: 4615: 4611: 4603: 4601: 4594: 4593: 4589: 4580: 4578: 4565: 4564: 4560: 4551: 4549: 4535: 4534: 4530: 4522: 4515: 4511: 4510: 4506: 4497: 4495: 4482: 4481: 4477: 4468: 4466: 4453: 4452: 4448: 4439: 4437: 4428: 4427: 4423: 4414: 4412: 4405:Washington Post 4399: 4398: 4394: 4385: 4383: 4370: 4369: 4365: 4356: 4354: 4341: 4340: 4336: 4327: 4325: 4311: 4310: 4306: 4298: 4291: 4287: 4286: 4282: 4273: 4271: 4258: 4257: 4253: 4244: 4242: 4229: 4228: 4224: 4215: 4213: 4206:www.cir-usa.org 4200: 4199: 4195: 4186: 4184: 4171: 4170: 4166: 4157: 4155: 4148:Washington Post 4142: 4141: 4137: 4128: 4126: 4117: 4116: 4112: 4103: 4101: 4093: 4092: 4088: 4079: 4077: 4068: 4067: 4063: 4055: 4048: 4044: 4043: 4039: 4030: 4028: 4015: 4014: 4010: 4001: 3999: 3986: 3985: 3981: 3972: 3970: 3963:Washington Post 3957: 3956: 3945: 3935: 3933: 3924: 3923: 3919: 3909: 3907: 3898: 3897: 3893: 3883: 3881: 3872: 3871: 3867: 3857: 3855: 3841: 3840: 3833: 3823: 3821: 3805: 3804: 3800: 3790: 3789: 3785: 3776: 3774: 3756: 3755: 3751: 3743: 3738: 3737: 3733: 3723: 3721: 3712: 3711: 3707: 3697: 3695: 3689: 3688: 3681: 3671: 3669: 3660: 3659: 3652: 3642: 3640: 3632: 3631: 3627: 3617: 3615: 3611: 3604: 3600: 3599: 3595: 3586: 3584: 3575: 3574: 3570: 3560: 3558: 3553:. 30 May 2016. 3545: 3544: 3540: 3504: 3502: 3489: 3488: 3484: 3474: 3472: 3468: 3467: 3463: 3454: 3452: 3443: 3442: 3438: 3428: 3426: 3413: 3412: 3408: 3398: 3396: 3383: 3382: 3378: 3369: 3367: 3354: 3353: 3349: 3331: 3329: 3316: 3315: 3311: 3301: 3299: 3282: 3281: 3277: 3267: 3265: 3257: 3252: 3251: 3247: 3237: 3235: 3230: 3229: 3225: 3212: 3211: 3207: 3198: 3196: 3187: 3186: 3182: 3172: 3170: 3156: 3155: 3151: 3141: 3139: 3130: 3129: 3125: 3115: 3113: 3104: 3103: 3099: 3089: 3087: 3078: 3077: 3073: 3064: 3062: 3053: 3052: 3048: 3042: 3040:Wayback Machine 3031: 3027: 3017: 3015: 3005: 3004: 3000: 2991: 2990: 2986: 2976: 2974: 2965: 2964: 2960: 2950: 2948: 2943: 2942: 2938: 2931: 2927: 2917: 2915: 2906: 2905: 2901: 2891: 2889: 2873: 2872: 2868: 2863:on 26 May 2008. 2850: 2849: 2845: 2835: 2833: 2829: 2822: 2817: 2816: 2812: 2802: 2800: 2784: 2783: 2779: 2769: 2767: 2754: 2753: 2749: 2739: 2737: 2728: 2727: 2723: 2718:Wayback Machine 2708: 2704: 2699:Wayback Machine 2689: 2685: 2675:Wayback Machine 2666: 2662: 2653: 2649: 2642: 2638: 2625: 2624: 2620: 2613: 2609: 2600: 2598: 2589: 2588: 2584: 2575: 2571: 2566:Wayback Machine 2557: 2553: 2547:Wayback Machine 2538: 2534: 2528:Wayback Machine 2519: 2515: 2505: 2503: 2490: 2489: 2482: 2478:October 3, 2005 2474: 2470: 2464:Wayback Machine 2455: 2451: 2445:Wayback Machine 2436: 2432: 2423: 2421: 2406: 2405: 2401: 2392: 2390: 2377: 2376: 2372: 2362: 2360: 2349: 2348: 2344: 2339:. 13 July 2010. 2331: 2330: 2326: 2320:Wayback Machine 2311: 2307: 2300:Wayback Machine 2289: 2285: 2280:Wayback Machine 2270: 2266: 2257: 2255: 2251: 2245: 2234: 2228: 2227: 2223: 2217:Wayback Machine 2208: 2204: 2198:Wayback Machine 2189: 2185: 2180:Wayback Machine 2171: 2167: 2160: 2156: 2150:Wayback Machine 2141: 2137: 2131:Wayback Machine 2122: 2118: 2110: 2108: 2096: 2095: 2091: 2083: 2081: 2069: 2068: 2064: 2058:Wayback Machine 2045: 2041: 2031: 2029: 2010:Popular Science 2003: 2002: 1998: 1988: 1986: 1982: 1971: 1967: 1966: 1962: 1952: 1950: 1940: 1939: 1935: 1926: 1924: 1917: 1902: 1901: 1897: 1887: 1885: 1875: 1874: 1870: 1861: 1859: 1842: 1841: 1837: 1827: 1825: 1809:Modern Mechanix 1802: 1801: 1797: 1783: 1773: 1766: 1764: 1760: 1753: 1748: 1747: 1743: 1734: 1732: 1719: 1718: 1714: 1705: 1703: 1689: 1688: 1681: 1672: 1670: 1656: 1655: 1651: 1646: 1619: 1600: 1589: 1578: 1567: 1532: 1520:Crawford County 1517: 1515:Iowa localities 1498: 1481: 1476: 1468:concealed carry 1464: 1452: 1439: 1437:Washington D.C. 1431: 1419: 1406: 1394: 1370: 1361: 1327: 1281: 1194: 1188: 1171: 1163: 1154: 1133: 1120: 1111: 1099: 1071: 1047: 1035: 1019: 1013:in March 2003. 1004: 986: 961: 953: 941: 935: 926: 877: 865:military police 857: 848: 806:South Australia 772:New South Wales 743: 727: 722: 686: 661: 655: 611: 605: 592: 546: 540: 517: 481: 457: 451: 446: 445: 444: 443: 442: 439: 431: 430: 427: 418: 417: 404: 388: 382: 346: 333: 328: 327: 326: 325: 324: 315: 307: 306: 303: 294: 293: 287: 282: 273: 271:Countermeasures 219:), and step-up 190: 143: 137: 134: 127:needs expansion 112: 104:pain compliance 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 5656: 5654: 5646: 5645: 5635: 5634: 5631: 5630: 5618: 5606: 5592: 5589: 5588: 5587: 5582: 5573: 5568: 5563: 5556: 5555:External links 5553: 5550: 5549: 5525: 5496: 5493:on 2018-01-07. 5472: 5458:. 2017-10-27. 5443: 5429:. 2017-10-24. 5414: 5385: 5363:Mustian, Jim. 5355: 5331: 5300: 5270: 5240: 5210: 5180: 5150: 5136:. 2017-02-05. 5121: 5107:. 2017-02-28. 5092: 5066: 5037: 5008: 4976: 4952: 4928: 4903: 4889: 4865: 4851:. 2019-03-21. 4836: 4807: 4789: 4764: 4735: 4711: 4682: 4657: 4633: 4609: 4587: 4558: 4528: 4504: 4475: 4446: 4421: 4392: 4363: 4334: 4304: 4280: 4266:. 2018-04-17. 4251: 4237:. 2018-04-17. 4222: 4193: 4179:. 2017-03-01. 4164: 4135: 4110: 4086: 4061: 4058:on 2018-04-16. 4037: 4008: 3979: 3943: 3917: 3891: 3865: 3831: 3798: 3783: 3749: 3731: 3705: 3679: 3650: 3625: 3593: 3568: 3538: 3520:rubber bullets 3482: 3461: 3436: 3406: 3376: 3347: 3309: 3275: 3245: 3223: 3220:on 2012-11-11. 3205: 3180: 3149: 3123: 3097: 3071: 3046: 3025: 2998: 2993:"中华人民共和国枪支管理法" 2984: 2958: 2936: 2925: 2899: 2866: 2843: 2810: 2777: 2762:. 2009-11-17. 2747: 2732:. 2010-03-02. 2721: 2702: 2683: 2660: 2647: 2636: 2618: 2607: 2582: 2569: 2551: 2532: 2513: 2480: 2468: 2449: 2430: 2399: 2370: 2342: 2324: 2305: 2283: 2264: 2243: 2221: 2202: 2183: 2165: 2154: 2135: 2116: 2089: 2062: 2039: 1996: 1960: 1933: 1915: 1895: 1868: 1835: 1795: 1786:|journal= 1741: 1725:blog.taser.com 1712: 1679: 1648: 1647: 1645: 1642: 1641: 1640: 1635: 1630: 1628:Electric fence 1625: 1618: 1615: 1599: 1596: 1588: 1585: 1577: 1574: 1566: 1563: 1539:Harford County 1531: 1528: 1516: 1513: 1497: 1494: 1480: 1477: 1475: 1472: 1466:In legalizing 1463: 1460: 1451: 1450:Virgin Islands 1448: 1438: 1435: 1430: 1427: 1418: 1415: 1405: 1402: 1393: 1390: 1369: 1366: 1360: 1357: 1326: 1323: 1280: 1277: 1254:Home Secretary 1247:West Yorkshire 1187: 1186:United Kingdom 1184: 1170: 1167: 1162: 1159: 1153: 1150: 1132: 1129: 1119: 1116: 1110: 1107: 1098: 1095: 1075:Israeli police 1070: 1067: 1051:Garda Síochána 1046: 1043: 1034: 1031: 1018: 1015: 1003: 1000: 985: 982: 960: 957: 952: 949: 934: 933:Czech Republic 931: 925: 922: 876: 873: 856: 853: 847: 844: 843: 842: 832: 823:: Used by the 818: 809: 803: 793: 783: 769: 742: 739: 726: 723: 721: 718: 690:United Nations 685: 682: 670:federal police 654: 651: 639:pepper sprayed 604: 601: 591: 588: 587: 586: 583: 580: 561: 560: 557: 554: 539: 536: 532:piezo-electric 516: 513: 506:Home Secretary 480: 477: 453:Main article: 450: 447: 440: 433: 432: 428: 421: 420: 419: 415: 414: 413: 412: 403: 400: 384:Main article: 381: 378: 345: 342: 332: 329: 316: 309: 308: 304: 297: 296: 295: 291: 290: 289: 288: 286: 283: 272: 269: 217:power inverter 189: 186: 145: 144: 124: 122: 111: 108: 59:electric shock 26: 24: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 5655: 5644: 5641: 5640: 5638: 5628: 5623: 5619: 5616: 5611: 5607: 5604: 5599: 5595: 5594: 5590: 5586: 5583: 5580: 5577: 5574: 5572: 5569: 5567: 5564: 5562: 5559: 5558: 5554: 5539: 5535: 5529: 5526: 5514: 5510: 5506: 5500: 5497: 5489: 5482: 5476: 5473: 5461: 5457: 5453: 5447: 5444: 5432: 5428: 5424: 5418: 5415: 5404:on 2017-04-26 5403: 5399: 5395: 5389: 5386: 5374: 5370: 5366: 5359: 5356: 5345: 5341: 5335: 5332: 5321:on 2021-08-04 5317: 5310: 5304: 5301: 5289: 5285: 5281: 5274: 5271: 5259: 5255: 5251: 5244: 5241: 5230:on 2017-04-11 5229: 5225: 5221: 5214: 5211: 5199: 5195: 5191: 5188:Cook, Chase. 5184: 5181: 5169: 5165: 5161: 5154: 5151: 5139: 5135: 5131: 5125: 5122: 5110: 5106: 5102: 5096: 5093: 5081: 5077: 5070: 5067: 5055: 5051: 5047: 5041: 5038: 5026: 5022: 5018: 5012: 5009: 4997: 4993: 4989: 4983: 4981: 4977: 4966: 4962: 4956: 4953: 4942: 4938: 4932: 4929: 4918: 4914: 4907: 4904: 4899: 4893: 4890: 4882: 4875: 4869: 4866: 4854: 4850: 4846: 4840: 4837: 4825: 4821: 4817: 4811: 4808: 4803: 4799: 4793: 4790: 4778: 4774: 4768: 4765: 4753: 4749: 4745: 4739: 4736: 4725: 4721: 4715: 4712: 4700: 4696: 4692: 4686: 4683: 4671: 4667: 4661: 4658: 4647: 4643: 4637: 4634: 4623: 4619: 4613: 4610: 4599: 4598: 4591: 4588: 4576: 4572: 4568: 4562: 4559: 4547: 4543: 4542:New York Post 4539: 4532: 4529: 4521: 4514: 4508: 4505: 4493: 4489: 4485: 4479: 4476: 4464: 4460: 4456: 4450: 4447: 4435: 4431: 4425: 4422: 4410: 4406: 4402: 4396: 4393: 4381: 4377: 4373: 4367: 4364: 4352: 4348: 4344: 4338: 4335: 4323: 4319: 4315: 4308: 4305: 4297: 4290: 4284: 4281: 4269: 4265: 4261: 4255: 4252: 4240: 4236: 4232: 4226: 4223: 4211: 4207: 4203: 4197: 4194: 4182: 4178: 4174: 4168: 4165: 4153: 4149: 4145: 4139: 4136: 4125: 4124:hawaiinewsnow 4121: 4114: 4111: 4100: 4096: 4090: 4087: 4075: 4071: 4065: 4062: 4054: 4047: 4041: 4038: 4026: 4022: 4018: 4012: 4009: 3997: 3993: 3989: 3983: 3980: 3968: 3964: 3960: 3954: 3952: 3950: 3948: 3944: 3931: 3927: 3921: 3918: 3905: 3901: 3895: 3892: 3879: 3875: 3869: 3866: 3853: 3849: 3845: 3838: 3836: 3832: 3819: 3815: 3814: 3809: 3802: 3799: 3794: 3787: 3784: 3772: 3768: 3764: 3760: 3753: 3750: 3742: 3735: 3732: 3719: 3715: 3709: 3706: 3693: 3686: 3684: 3680: 3667: 3663: 3657: 3655: 3651: 3639: 3635: 3629: 3626: 3610: 3603: 3597: 3594: 3582: 3578: 3572: 3569: 3556: 3552: 3548: 3542: 3539: 3535: 3533: 3529: 3528:sniper rifles 3525: 3522:, as well as 3521: 3517: 3513: 3500: 3496: 3492: 3486: 3483: 3471: 3465: 3462: 3450: 3446: 3440: 3437: 3424: 3420: 3416: 3410: 3407: 3394: 3390: 3386: 3380: 3377: 3366:on 2013-12-09 3365: 3361: 3357: 3351: 3348: 3344: 3341: 3327: 3323: 3319: 3313: 3310: 3297: 3293: 3289: 3287: 3279: 3276: 3263: 3256: 3249: 3246: 3234:(in Japanese) 3233: 3232:"銃砲刀剣類所持等取締法" 3227: 3224: 3219: 3215: 3209: 3206: 3194: 3190: 3184: 3181: 3168: 3164: 3160: 3153: 3150: 3137: 3133: 3127: 3124: 3111: 3107: 3101: 3098: 3090:September 14, 3085: 3081: 3075: 3072: 3061:on 2014-08-24 3060: 3056: 3050: 3047: 3041: 3037: 3034: 3029: 3026: 3013: 3012:zbrojnice.com 3009: 3002: 2999: 2994: 2988: 2985: 2972: 2968: 2962: 2959: 2946: 2940: 2937: 2934: 2929: 2926: 2913: 2909: 2903: 2900: 2887: 2883: 2882: 2877: 2870: 2867: 2862: 2858: 2854: 2847: 2844: 2828: 2821: 2814: 2811: 2798: 2794: 2793: 2788: 2781: 2778: 2765: 2761: 2757: 2751: 2748: 2735: 2731: 2725: 2722: 2719: 2715: 2711: 2706: 2703: 2700: 2696: 2692: 2687: 2684: 2680: 2676: 2672: 2669: 2664: 2661: 2658: 2657: 2651: 2648: 2645: 2640: 2637: 2632: 2628: 2622: 2619: 2616: 2611: 2608: 2596: 2592: 2586: 2583: 2580: 2579: 2573: 2570: 2567: 2563: 2560: 2555: 2552: 2548: 2544: 2541: 2536: 2533: 2529: 2525: 2522: 2517: 2514: 2501: 2497: 2493: 2487: 2485: 2481: 2477: 2472: 2469: 2465: 2461: 2458: 2453: 2450: 2446: 2442: 2439: 2434: 2431: 2419: 2415: 2414: 2409: 2403: 2400: 2388: 2384: 2380: 2374: 2371: 2359: 2358: 2357:Daily Express 2353: 2346: 2343: 2338: 2334: 2328: 2325: 2321: 2317: 2314: 2309: 2306: 2302: 2301: 2297: 2294: 2287: 2284: 2281: 2277: 2273: 2268: 2265: 2250: 2246: 2240: 2233: 2232: 2225: 2222: 2218: 2214: 2211: 2206: 2203: 2199: 2195: 2192: 2187: 2184: 2181: 2177: 2174: 2169: 2166: 2163: 2158: 2155: 2151: 2147: 2144: 2139: 2136: 2132: 2128: 2125: 2120: 2117: 2107:on 2014-08-19 2106: 2102: 2101: 2093: 2090: 2080:on 2014-08-19 2079: 2075: 2074: 2066: 2063: 2059: 2055: 2052: 2048: 2043: 2040: 2027: 2023: 2019: 2015: 2011: 2007: 2000: 1997: 1981: 1977: 1970: 1964: 1961: 1948: 1944: 1937: 1934: 1922: 1918: 1912: 1908: 1907: 1899: 1896: 1883: 1879: 1872: 1869: 1858: 1854: 1850: 1846: 1839: 1836: 1823: 1819: 1815: 1811: 1810: 1805: 1799: 1796: 1791: 1778: 1759: 1752: 1745: 1742: 1730: 1726: 1722: 1716: 1713: 1701: 1698:. Sciencing. 1697: 1696:sciencing.com 1693: 1686: 1684: 1680: 1668: 1664: 1660: 1653: 1650: 1643: 1639: 1636: 1634: 1631: 1629: 1626: 1624: 1621: 1620: 1616: 1614: 1612: 1608: 1604: 1597: 1595: 1593: 1586: 1584: 1582: 1581:Overland Park 1576:Overland Park 1575: 1573: 1571: 1564: 1562: 1560: 1556: 1552: 1548: 1544: 1543:Howard County 1540: 1536: 1529: 1527: 1525: 1521: 1514: 1512: 1510: 1506: 1502: 1495: 1493: 1490: 1485: 1478: 1473: 1471: 1469: 1461: 1459: 1457: 1449: 1447: 1445: 1436: 1434: 1428: 1426: 1424: 1416: 1414: 1411: 1403: 1401: 1399: 1391: 1389: 1387: 1383: 1379: 1375: 1368:Massachusetts 1367: 1365: 1358: 1356: 1353: 1350: 1346: 1345: 1340: 1335: 1332: 1324: 1322: 1320: 1316: 1312: 1308: 1303: 1300: 1296: 1292: 1288: 1287: 1279:United States 1278: 1276: 1273: 1271: 1266: 1263: 1259: 1255: 1250: 1248: 1244: 1240: 1236: 1232: 1228: 1224: 1220: 1216: 1212: 1206: 1202: 1199: 1193: 1185: 1183: 1180: 1176: 1168: 1166: 1160: 1158: 1151: 1149: 1147: 1141: 1138: 1130: 1128: 1125: 1117: 1115: 1108: 1106: 1104: 1096: 1094: 1090: 1088: 1083: 1082: 1078: 1076: 1068: 1066: 1064: 1060: 1056: 1052: 1044: 1042: 1040: 1032: 1030: 1028: 1024: 1016: 1014: 1012: 1008: 1001: 999: 997: 996: 991: 983: 981: 978: 974: 970: 966: 958: 956: 950: 948: 944: 940: 932: 930: 923: 921: 919: 915: 909: 907: 906:Criminal Code 901: 898: 897: 892: 888: 884: 883: 874: 872: 870: 866: 862: 854: 852: 845: 840: 836: 833: 830: 826: 822: 819: 817: 813: 810: 807: 804: 801: 797: 794: 791: 787: 784: 781: 777: 773: 770: 767: 763: 759: 755: 752: 751: 750: 747: 740: 738: 736: 732: 724: 719: 717: 715: 711: 706: 704: 700: 696: 691: 683: 681: 677: 675: 671: 666: 660: 652: 650: 646: 642: 640: 636: 631: 628: 623: 619: 615: 610: 603:Controversies 602: 600: 598: 589: 584: 581: 578: 577: 576: 574: 570: 566: 558: 555: 552: 551: 550: 545: 537: 535: 533: 528: 526: 521: 514: 512: 510: 507: 503: 498: 496: 492: 489: 485: 478: 476: 474: 473:neuromuscular 470: 466: 462: 456: 448: 437: 425: 411: 409: 401: 399: 397: 392: 387: 379: 377: 375: 370: 367: 363: 359: 350: 343: 341: 339: 338:mobile phones 330: 323: 319: 313: 301: 284: 281: 276: 270: 268: 264: 260: 258: 253: 250: 246: 242: 237: 233: 230: 226: 222: 218: 214: 210: 205: 203: 199: 195: 187: 185: 182: 178: 174: 170: 166: 162: 158: 154: 150: 141: 132: 128: 125:This section 123: 120: 116: 115: 109: 107: 105: 101: 96: 90: 87: 83: 82:shock collars 79: 74: 72: 68: 64: 60: 56: 52: 45: 41: 37: 32: 19: 5626: 5614: 5602: 5578: 5541:. Retrieved 5537: 5528: 5517:. Retrieved 5508: 5499: 5488:the original 5475: 5464:. Retrieved 5455: 5446: 5435:. Retrieved 5426: 5417: 5406:. Retrieved 5402:the original 5397: 5388: 5377:. Retrieved 5369:The Advocate 5368: 5358: 5347:. Retrieved 5343: 5334: 5323:. Retrieved 5316:the original 5303: 5292:. Retrieved 5283: 5273: 5262:. Retrieved 5253: 5243: 5232:. Retrieved 5228:the original 5223: 5213: 5202:. Retrieved 5193: 5183: 5172:. Retrieved 5163: 5153: 5142:. Retrieved 5133: 5124: 5113:. Retrieved 5104: 5095: 5084:. Retrieved 5069: 5058:. Retrieved 5049: 5040: 5029:. Retrieved 5020: 5011: 5000:. Retrieved 4991: 4968:. Retrieved 4964: 4955: 4944:. Retrieved 4940: 4931: 4920:. Retrieved 4916: 4906: 4892: 4868: 4857:. Retrieved 4848: 4839: 4828:. Retrieved 4819: 4810: 4801: 4792: 4781:. Retrieved 4767: 4756:. Retrieved 4747: 4738: 4727:. Retrieved 4723: 4714: 4703:. Retrieved 4694: 4685: 4674:. Retrieved 4669: 4660: 4649:. Retrieved 4645: 4636: 4625:. Retrieved 4621: 4612: 4602:, retrieved 4596: 4590: 4579:. Retrieved 4570: 4561: 4550:. Retrieved 4541: 4531: 4507: 4496:. Retrieved 4488:Ars Technica 4487: 4478: 4467:. Retrieved 4458: 4449: 4438:. Retrieved 4424: 4413:. Retrieved 4404: 4395: 4384:. Retrieved 4376:North Jersey 4375: 4366: 4355:. Retrieved 4346: 4337: 4326:. Retrieved 4317: 4307: 4283: 4272:. Retrieved 4263: 4254: 4243:. Retrieved 4234: 4225: 4214:. Retrieved 4205: 4196: 4185:. Retrieved 4176: 4167: 4156:. Retrieved 4147: 4138: 4127:. Retrieved 4123: 4113: 4102:. Retrieved 4098: 4089: 4078:. Retrieved 4076:. 2020-01-03 4073: 4064: 4053:the original 4040: 4029:. Retrieved 4020: 4011: 4000:. Retrieved 3991: 3982: 3971:. Retrieved 3962: 3934:. Retrieved 3930:the original 3920: 3908:. Retrieved 3894: 3882:. Retrieved 3874:"TASER Laws" 3868: 3856:. Retrieved 3847: 3822:. Retrieved 3811: 3801: 3792: 3786: 3775:. Retrieved 3766: 3762: 3752: 3734: 3722:. Retrieved 3718:the original 3708: 3696:. Retrieved 3670:. Retrieved 3666:the original 3641:. Retrieved 3637: 3628: 3616:. Retrieved 3609:the original 3596: 3585:. Retrieved 3571: 3559:. Retrieved 3550: 3541: 3510: 3503:. Retrieved 3494: 3485: 3473:. Retrieved 3464: 3453:. Retrieved 3439: 3427:. Retrieved 3418: 3409: 3397:. Retrieved 3388: 3379: 3368:. Retrieved 3364:the original 3359: 3350: 3337: 3330:. Retrieved 3321: 3312: 3300:. Retrieved 3296:the original 3285: 3278: 3266:. Retrieved 3261: 3248: 3236:. Retrieved 3226: 3218:the original 3208: 3197:. Retrieved 3183: 3171:. Retrieved 3162: 3152: 3140:. Retrieved 3126: 3116:September 2, 3114:. Retrieved 3100: 3088:. Retrieved 3084:the original 3074: 3063:. Retrieved 3059:the original 3049: 3043:(in Finnish) 3028: 3016:. Retrieved 3011: 3001: 2987: 2977:December 26, 2975:. Retrieved 2961: 2951:December 26, 2949:. Retrieved 2939: 2928: 2916:. Retrieved 2902: 2890:. Retrieved 2881:Toronto Star 2879: 2869: 2861:the original 2856: 2846: 2834:. Retrieved 2813: 2803:November 17, 2801:. Retrieved 2790: 2780: 2768:. Retrieved 2759: 2750: 2738:. Retrieved 2724: 2705: 2686: 2678: 2663: 2655: 2650: 2639: 2631:the original 2621: 2614: 2610: 2599:. Retrieved 2585: 2577: 2572: 2554: 2535: 2516: 2504:. Retrieved 2495: 2471: 2466:May 20, 2007 2452: 2447:May 16, 2007 2433: 2422:. Retrieved 2411: 2402: 2391:. Retrieved 2382: 2373: 2361:. Retrieved 2355: 2345: 2336: 2327: 2308: 2291: 2286: 2267: 2256:. Retrieved 2230: 2224: 2205: 2186: 2168: 2157: 2138: 2133:Nov. 1, 2004 2119: 2109:, retrieved 2105:the original 2099: 2092: 2082:, retrieved 2078:the original 2072: 2065: 2042: 2030:. Retrieved 2016:(4): 92–93. 2013: 2009: 1999: 1987:. Retrieved 1980:the original 1963: 1953:December 17, 1951:. Retrieved 1936: 1925:. Retrieved 1905: 1898: 1886:. Retrieved 1871: 1860:. Retrieved 1848: 1838: 1826:. Retrieved 1822:the original 1807: 1798: 1777:cite journal 1765:. Retrieved 1758:the original 1744: 1733:. Retrieved 1724: 1715: 1704:. Retrieved 1695: 1671:. Retrieved 1662: 1652: 1601: 1592:Philadelphia 1590: 1587:Philadelphia 1579: 1568: 1533: 1518: 1499: 1482: 1465: 1453: 1440: 1432: 1429:Rhode Island 1420: 1407: 1395: 1385: 1377: 1371: 1362: 1354: 1342: 1336: 1328: 1304: 1299:Police Chief 1298: 1294: 1284: 1282: 1274: 1267: 1251: 1223:Lincolnshire 1207: 1203: 1195: 1172: 1164: 1155: 1142: 1134: 1121: 1112: 1100: 1091: 1084: 1080: 1079: 1072: 1048: 1036: 1022: 1020: 1007:Greek police 1005: 993: 989: 987: 973:local police 962: 954: 945: 942: 927: 910: 902: 894: 880: 878: 858: 849: 766:ACT Policing 748: 744: 728: 707: 687: 678: 662: 653:Legal issues 647: 643: 632: 624: 620: 616: 612: 593: 562: 547: 529: 525:electrolaser 522: 518: 499: 482: 458: 405: 402:Stun shields 393: 389: 371: 355: 334: 318:Mobile phone 274: 265: 261: 254: 248: 206: 198:cattle prods 191: 151: 148: 135: 131:adding to it 126: 100:"drive stun" 91: 78:cattle prods 75: 50: 48: 40:electric arc 4917:Newark Post 4748:mpdc.dc.gov 3936:October 14, 3884:October 10, 3672:January 29, 3551:thelocal.se 3505:October 12, 3322:stuff.co.nz 3018:22 December 2918:October 14, 1888:December 1, 1570:New Orleans 1565:New Orleans 1315:Rodney King 1243:North Wales 1239:Northumbria 1161:South Korea 1131:New Zealand 969:Gendarmerie 737:of the UN. 712:might. The 509:Theresa May 374:flashlights 362:cattle prod 358:baton-style 356:The larger 280:Thor Shield 221:transformer 215:circuit (a 138:August 2015 5543:2017-05-01 5519:2017-06-28 5466:2017-11-04 5437:2017-11-04 5408:2017-05-01 5379:2016-11-24 5349:2017-05-01 5325:2021-08-04 5294:2017-05-17 5264:2017-05-01 5234:2017-04-10 5204:2017-03-09 5174:2017-02-24 5144:2017-02-06 5115:2017-05-01 5086:2017-05-01 5060:2017-05-01 5031:2017-05-01 5002:2017-05-01 4970:2021-08-04 4946:2017-05-01 4922:2021-08-04 4859:2019-03-25 4830:2017-05-01 4783:2017-05-01 4758:2017-07-07 4729:2017-07-07 4705:2016-09-29 4676:2022-03-16 4670:Reason.com 4651:2022-03-16 4627:2021-08-04 4618:"11-47-42" 4604:2022-03-16 4581:2019-03-25 4552:2019-03-25 4498:2016-12-09 4469:2017-08-24 4440:2017-04-27 4415:2016-11-16 4386:2017-10-25 4357:2017-05-01 4328:2017-05-01 4274:2018-04-18 4264:Reason.com 4245:2018-04-24 4235:Boston.com 4216:2017-03-04 4187:2017-03-04 4158:2017-05-01 4129:2022-10-05 4104:2021-08-04 4080:2021-08-04 4031:2018-08-04 4002:2018-04-15 3973:2016-11-16 3777:2018-01-06 3587:2018-12-02 3455:2015-01-02 3370:2018-01-06 3199:2018-01-06 3191:. Maariv. 3065:2014-08-21 3014:(in Czech) 2836:January 6, 2792:Herald Sun 2601:2011-07-30 2424:2019-03-04 2393:2019-03-04 2258:2016-05-21 2111:2014-08-19 2084:2014-08-19 2032:3 February 1927:2016-07-28 1862:2022-09-24 1735:2018-12-07 1706:2018-12-07 1673:2018-12-07 1644:References 1623:Bug zapper 1603:Bellingham 1559:Ocean City 1509:Wilmington 1487:2019, the 1404:New Jersey 1227:Merseyside 1190:See also: 1101:Under the 937:See also: 796:Queensland 657:See also: 607:See also: 465:electrodes 396:REACT belt 380:Stun belts 366:electrodes 209:oscillator 153:Jack Cover 44:electrodes 3724:March 27, 3516:bean bags 3360:3 News NZ 3268:31 August 3055:"Etusivu" 2506:March 15, 2022:0161-7370 1857:0362-4331 1828:August 2, 1818:0025-6587 1555:Baltimore 1547:Annapolis 1462:Wisconsin 1347:that the 1341:ruled in 1307:Tasertron 1087:Force 100 1017:Hong Kong 741:Australia 725:Argentina 386:Stun belt 340:or pens. 322:Nokia N73 236:batteries 229:capacitor 173:gunpowder 165:Tom Swift 5637:Category 5513:Archived 5460:Archived 5456:Guns.com 5431:Archived 5398:NOLA.com 5373:Archived 5288:Archived 5258:Archived 5198:Archived 5168:Archived 5138:Archived 5134:Fox News 5109:Archived 5080:Archived 5054:Archived 5025:Archived 4996:Archived 4881:Archived 4853:Archived 4824:Archived 4777:Archived 4752:Archived 4699:Archived 4575:Archived 4546:Archived 4520:Archived 4492:Archived 4463:Archived 4434:Archived 4409:Archived 4380:Archived 4351:Archived 4322:Archived 4296:Archived 4268:Archived 4239:Archived 4210:Archived 4181:Archived 4152:Archived 4099:LegiScan 4025:Archived 3996:Archived 3967:Archived 3904:Archived 3878:Archived 3858:22 March 3852:Archived 3818:Archived 3771:Archived 3581:Archived 3555:Archived 3499:Archived 3497:. 2005. 3449:Archived 3423:Archived 3393:Archived 3332:July 17, 3326:Archived 3324:. 2011. 3193:Archived 3167:Archived 3136:Archived 3036:Archived 2971:Archived 2912:Archived 2892:July 16, 2886:Archived 2827:Archived 2797:Archived 2764:Archived 2760:ABC News 2734:Archived 2714:Archived 2695:Archived 2671:Archived 2595:Archived 2562:Archived 2543:Archived 2524:Archived 2500:Archived 2496:CBC News 2460:Archived 2441:Archived 2418:Archived 2387:Archived 2383:Wired UK 2337:BBC News 2316:Archived 2296:Archived 2276:Archived 2249:Archived 2213:Archived 2194:Archived 2176:Archived 2146:Archived 2127:Archived 2054:Archived 2026:Archived 1989:July 23, 1947:Archived 1921:Archived 1882:Archived 1729:Archived 1700:Archived 1667:Archived 1617:See also 1607:Tacoma's 1417:New York 1392:Michigan 1382:remanded 1325:Legality 1175:firearms 1118:Malaysia 821:Victoria 812:Tasmania 720:Legality 488:12-gauge 245:coulombs 213:resonant 5591:Patents 4347:Findlaw 3910:7 March 3824:May 24, 3643:6 April 3561:6 April 3475:Jan 19, 3429:8 March 3399:8 March 3302:July 8, 3238:Jan 19, 3142:June 9, 2413:YouTube 2363:26 June 1767:May 12, 1524:Denison 1484:Chicago 1479:Chicago 1378:Caetano 1376:in the 1309:to the 1045:Ireland 1039:Iceland 1033:Iceland 984:Germany 951:Finland 889:(RCMP) 846:Austria 710:beating 699:torture 684:Torture 597:YouTube 569:aerosol 491:shotgun 408:shields 257:amperes 249:current 194:current 181:firearm 110:History 4849:HOIABC 4571:Scribd 4459:NJ.com 3698:May 8, 3618:11 May 2770:11 May 2740:11 May 2712:2006 2644:bka.de 2303:, 2005 2241: 2020: 1913: 1855: 1816: 1611:Ruston 1501:Newark 1359:Hawaii 1169:Sweden 1152:Russia 1069:Israel 1002:Greece 959:France 875:Canada 855:Brazil 573:plasma 416:Tasers 86:Tasers 71:injury 63:muscle 55:weapon 5491:(PDF) 5484:(PDF) 5319:(PDF) 5312:(PDF) 4884:(PDF) 4877:(PDF) 4523:(PDF) 4516:(PDF) 4299:(PDF) 4292:(PDF) 4056:(PDF) 4049:(PDF) 3744:(PDF) 3612:(PDF) 3605:(PDF) 3343:time. 3258:(PDF) 3173:7 May 2830:(PDF) 2823:(PDF) 2693:2003 2252:(PDF) 2235:(PDF) 1983:(PDF) 1972:(PDF) 1761:(PDF) 1754:(PDF) 1219:Gwent 1109:Kenya 1097:Japan 924:China 665:WaffG 461:taser 455:Taser 449:Taser 225:diode 223:or a 161:Taser 95:Taser 36:taser 5254:WBFF 5224:WMAR 5105:WTOP 3938:2009 3912:2012 3886:2013 3860:2016 3826:2008 3726:2010 3700:2009 3674:2010 3645:2018 3620:2015 3563:2018 3524:SWAT 3518:and 3507:2011 3477:2023 3431:2016 3401:2016 3334:2011 3304:2009 3270:2015 3240:2023 3175:2014 3144:2007 3118:2009 3092:2008 3020:2020 2979:2008 2953:2008 2920:2009 2894:2008 2838:2018 2805:2011 2772:2015 2742:2015 2549:2005 2508:2020 2365:2024 2239:ISBN 2200:2006 2034:2013 2018:ISSN 1991:2008 1955:2006 1911:ISBN 1890:2007 1853:ISSN 1830:2015 1814:ISSN 1790:help 1769:2009 1522:and 1507:and 1454:The 1245:and 1073:The 1061:and 967:and 827:and 778:and 756:and 688:The 523:The 202:pain 157:NASA 155:, a 102:, a 67:pain 18:XREP 2014:227 1319:PCP 916:at 697:as 674:PTB 133:. 49:An 5639:: 5625:- 5613:- 5601:- 5536:. 5511:. 5507:. 5454:. 5425:. 5396:. 5371:. 5367:. 5342:. 5286:. 5282:. 5256:. 5252:. 5222:. 5196:. 5192:. 5166:. 5162:. 5132:. 5103:. 5078:. 5052:. 5048:. 5019:. 4994:. 4990:. 4979:^ 4963:. 4939:. 4915:. 4879:. 4847:. 4822:. 4818:. 4800:. 4775:. 4750:. 4746:. 4722:. 4697:. 4693:. 4668:. 4644:. 4620:. 4573:. 4569:. 4544:. 4540:. 4518:. 4490:. 4486:. 4461:. 4457:. 4432:. 4407:. 4403:. 4378:. 4374:. 4349:. 4345:. 4320:. 4316:. 4294:. 4262:. 4233:. 4204:. 4175:. 4150:. 4146:. 4122:. 4097:. 4072:. 4019:. 3994:. 3990:. 3965:. 3961:. 3946:^ 3850:. 3846:. 3834:^ 3816:. 3810:. 3769:. 3767:79 3765:. 3761:. 3682:^ 3653:^ 3636:. 3579:. 3549:. 3509:. 3493:. 3447:. 3417:. 3387:. 3358:. 3336:. 3320:. 3290:. 3260:. 3165:. 3161:. 3108:. 3010:. 2884:. 2878:. 2855:. 2825:. 2795:. 2789:. 2758:. 2593:. 2494:. 2483:^ 2410:. 2385:. 2381:. 2354:. 2335:. 2247:. 2024:. 2012:. 2008:. 1974:. 1919:. 1851:. 1847:. 1806:. 1781:: 1779:}} 1775:{{ 1723:. 1694:. 1682:^ 1661:. 1400:. 1249:. 1241:, 1237:, 1233:, 1229:, 1225:, 1221:, 1217:, 1213:, 1057:, 1041:. 920:. 599:. 511:. 459:A 241:Hz 211:, 80:, 73:. 34:A 5546:. 5522:. 5469:. 5440:. 5411:. 5382:. 5352:. 5328:. 5297:. 5267:. 5237:. 5207:. 5177:. 5147:. 5118:. 5089:. 5063:. 5034:. 5005:. 4973:. 4949:. 4925:. 4900:. 4862:. 4833:. 4786:. 4761:. 4732:. 4708:. 4679:. 4654:. 4630:. 4584:. 4555:. 4501:. 4472:. 4443:. 4418:. 4389:. 4360:. 4331:. 4277:. 4248:. 4219:. 4190:. 4161:. 4132:. 4107:. 4083:. 4034:. 4005:. 3976:. 3940:. 3914:. 3888:. 3862:. 3828:. 3780:. 3746:. 3728:. 3702:. 3676:. 3647:. 3622:. 3590:. 3565:. 3479:. 3458:. 3433:. 3403:. 3373:. 3306:. 3288:" 3284:" 3272:. 3242:. 3202:. 3177:. 3146:. 3120:. 3094:. 3068:. 3022:. 2981:. 2955:. 2922:. 2896:. 2840:. 2807:. 2774:. 2744:. 2604:. 2510:. 2427:. 2396:. 2367:. 2261:. 2036:. 1993:. 1957:. 1930:. 1892:. 1865:. 1792:) 1788:( 1771:. 1738:. 1709:. 1676:. 841:. 802:. 792:. 782:. 227:- 167:( 140:) 136:( 20:)

Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.

Knowledge

Electroshock weapon

Index