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within the circuit of the wall on that side where the Palace abutteth on the Citie wall, into which none can enter but by the Palace. In this enclosure or Parke are goodly meadows, springs, rivers, red and fallow Deere, Fawnes carrying thither for the Hawkes (of whom are three mewed above two hundred
Gerfalcons which he goeth once a week to see) and he often useth one Leopard or more, sitting on Horses, which he setteth upon the Stagges and Deere, and having taken the beast, giveth it to the Gerfalcons, and in beholding this spectacle he taketh wonderful delight. In the middest in a faire wood he hath a royall House on pillars gilded and varnished, on every inch of which is a Dragon all gilt, which windeth his tayle about the pillar, which his head bearing up the loft, as also with his wings displayed on both sides; the cover also is of Reeds gilt and varnished, so that the rayne can doe it no injury; the reeds being three handfuls thick and ten yards log, split from knot to knot. The house itselfe also may be sundered, and taken downe like a Tent and erected again. For it is sustained, when it is set up, with two hundred silken cordes. Great Chan useth to dwell there three moneths in the yeare, to wit, in June, July and August.
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before him as things with a parallel production of the correspondent expressions, without any sensation or consciousness of effort. On awakening he appeared to himself to have a distinct recollection of the whole, and taking his pen, ink, and paper, instantly and eagerly wrote down the lines that are here preserved. "A person on business from
Porlock" interrupted him and he was never able to recapture more than "some eight or ten scattered lines and images."
720:. The layout of the capital is roughly square shaped with sides of about 2.2 km (1.4 mi). It consists of an "outer city", and an "inner city" in the southeast of the capital which has also roughly a square layout with sides about 1.4 km (0.87 mi), and the palace, where Kublai Khan stayed in summer. The palace has sides of roughly 550 m (1,800 ft), covering an area of around 40% the size of the
419:
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47:
798:, referring to Coleridge's poem. Xanadu raised considerable interest in scientists after its radar image showed its terrain to be quite similar to earth's terrain with flowing rivers (probably of methane and ethane, not of water as they are on Earth), mountains (of ice, not conventional rock) and sand dunes.
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in length. They are cut across at each knot, and then the pieces are split so as to form from each two hollow tiles, and with these the house is roofed; only every such tile of cane has to be nailed down to prevent the wind from lifting it. In short, the whole Palace is built of these canes, which I
1090:
In the summer of the year 1797, the Author, then in ill health, had retired to a lonely farm-house between
Porlock and Linton, on the Exmoor confines of Somerset and Devonshire. In consequence of a slight indisposition, an anodyne had been prescribed, from the effects of which he fell asleep in his
1040:
In Xandu did Cublai Can build a stately
Pallace, encompassing sixteen miles of plaine ground with a wall, wherein are fertile Meddowes, pleasant Springs, delightfull streames, and all sorts of beasts of chase and game, and in the middest thereof a sumpuous house of pleasure, which may be moved from
1053:
This Citie is three dayes journey
Northeastward to the Citie Xandu, which the Chan Cublai now reigning built; erecting therein a marvellous and artificiall Palace of Marble and other stones, which abutteth on the wall on one side, and the midst of the Citie on the other. He included sixteene miles
766:
In 1872, Steven
Bushell, affiliated with the British Legation in Beijing, visited the site and reported that remains of temples, blocks of marble, and tiles were still to be found there. By the 1990s, all these artifacts were completely gone, most likely collected by the inhabitants of the nearby
1099:
The Author continued for about three hours in a profound sleep, at least of the external senses, during which time he has the most vivid confidence, that he could not have composed less than from two to three hundred lines; if that indeed can be called composition in which all the images rose up
891:
The Khan abides at this Park of his, dwelling sometimes in the Marble Palace and sometimes in the Cane Palace for three months of the year, to wit, June, July and August; preferring this residence because it is by no means hot; in fact it is a very cool place. When the 28th day of [the Moon of]
843:
and hawks, which he keeps there in mew. Of these there are more than 200 gerfalcons alone, without reckoning the other hawks. The Khan himself goes every week to see his birds sitting in mew, and sometimes he rides through the park with a leopard behind him on his horse's
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of 16 miles, and inside the Park there are fountains and rivers and brooks, and beautiful meadows, with all kinds of wild animals (excluding such as are of ferocious nature), which the
Emperor has procured and placed there to supply food for his
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from 1252 to 1256, and Liu implemented a "profoundly
Chinese scheme for the city's architecture". In 1264 it was renamed Shangdu by Kublai Khan. At its zenith, over 100,000 people lived within its walls. In 1369 Shangdu was occupied by the
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August arrives he takes his departure, and the Cane Palace is taken to pieces. But I must tell you what happens when he goes away from this Palace every year on the 28th of the August ..."
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and painted with figures of men and beasts and birds, and with a variety of trees and flowers, all executed with such exquisite art that you regard them with delight and astonishment.
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1401:
905:(the "Ukhaant Khan" or "Sage Khan"), concerning the loss of Daidu (Beijing) and Heibun Shanduu (Kaiping Xanadu) in 1368, is recorded in many Mongolian historical chronicles. The
888:; and it can all be taken to pieces and removed whithersoever the Emperor may command. When erected, it is braced against mishaps from the wind by more than 200 cords of silk.
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in
Beijing. The most visible modern-day remnants are the earthen walls though there is also a ground-level, circular brick platform in the centre of the inner enclosure.
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may mention serve also for a great variety of other useful purposes. The construction of the Palace is so devised that it can be taken down and put up again with great
848:; and then if he sees any animal that takes his fancy, he slips his leopard at it, and the game when taken is made over to feed the hawks in mew. This he does for
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823:, you come to a city called Chandu, which was built by the Khan now reigning. There is at this place a very fine marble palace, the rooms of which are all
1807:
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1440:
Purchas his
Pilgrimage: or Relations of the world and the Religions observed in all ages and places discovered, from the Creation unto this Present
1095:
Here the Khan Kubla commanded a palace to be built, and a stately garden thereunto. And thus ten miles of fertile ground were inclosed with a wall.
1034:
Purchas his Pilgrimes – or Relations of the world and the Religions observed in all ages and places discovered, from the Creation unto this Present
871:, and the claws likewise are stretched out right and left to support the architrave. The roof, like the rest, is formed of canes, covered with a
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2076:
1758:
1647:
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Purchas, Samuel (1625). "Chapter III: The first booke of Marcus Paulus Venetus, or of Master Marco Polo, a Gentleman of Venice, his Voyages".
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1743:
438:, dated 1650. It also shows a Xandu east of Cambalu, where English maps placed it. Like some other European maps of the time, this map shows
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Today, only ruins remain, surrounded by a grassy mound that was once the city walls. Since 2002, a restoration effort has been undertaken.
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Coleridge's poem opens similarly to Purchas's description before proceeding to a vivid description of the palace's varied pleasures:
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1079:", causing him to forget much of the dream, but his images of Shangdu became one of the best-known poems in the English language.
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1049:. The eleventh volume of this book included a more detailed description of Shangdu, attributed to Marco Polo and dated 1320:
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chair at the moment that he was reading the following sentence, or words of the same substance, in 'Purchas's Pilgrimes':
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columns, on each of which is a dragon all gilt, the tail of which is attached to the column whilst the head supports the
1862:
1632:
1541:
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Tomoko, Masuya (2013). "Seasonal capitals with permanent buildings in the Mongol empire". In Durand-Guédy, David (ed.).
716:, 350 kilometres (220 mi) north of Beijing. It is about 28 kilometres (17 mi) northwest of the modern town of
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1214:"Xanadu (China), Bassari Country (Senegal) and Grand Bassam (Côte d'Ivoire) added to UNESCO's World Heritage List"
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In 1625 Purchas published an expanded edition of this book, recounting the voyages of famous travellers, called
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is widely believed to have visited Shangdu in about 1275. In about 1298–99, he dictated the following account:
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859:, of which I must give you a description. It is gilt all over, and most elaborately finished inside. It is
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1036:. This book contained a brief description of Shangdu, based on the early description of Marco Polo:
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Liu Bingzhong implemented a preconceived and profoundly Chinese scheme for the city's architecture.
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1979:
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1071:, fell asleep, and had an opium-inspired dream. The dream caused him to begin the poem known as '
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to construct their houses. The artwork is still seen in the walls of some Dolon Nor buildings.
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Moreover at a spot in the Park where there is a charming wood he has another Palace built of
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for its historical importance and for the unique blending of Mongolian and Chinese culture.
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Lost the Golden Palace of the Wise Khan (Kublai), who is the reincarnation of all the gods,
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described Shangdu to Europeans after visiting it in 1275. It was conquered in 1369 by the
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so strong and excellent that no amount of rain will rot them. These canes are a good 3
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When I left home, it was then that the jewel of religion and doctrine was left behind.
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Coleridge described how he wrote the poem in the preface to his collection of poems,
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1459:. Vol. 14 (1906 reprint ed.). Glasgow, J. MacLehose and sons. p. 231.
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and Pequin as two different cities, but they were in fact the same city, now called
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in 1626 continued the tradition of showing "Cathaya, the Chief Kingdome of Great
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446:. When this map was made, Shangdu had been in ruins for almost three centuries.
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In the future may wise and enlightened bodhisattvas take heed and understand.
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Purchas, Samuel; Featherstone, Henry; Stansby, William; Adams, John (1614).
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Who is the golden seed of Genghis Khan the son of Khan Tengri (King Heaven).
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My Daidu, straight and wonderfully made of various jewels of different kinds
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By the destiny willed by Khan Tengri (King Heaven) has lost dear Daidu,
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756:, put to the torch and its name reverted to Kaiping. The last reigning
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From the fighters may Buqa-Temur Chinsan for ten thousand generations
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I hid the Jade Seal of the Lord Khan in my sleeve and left (the city)
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The bejeweled Hearth City, the revered sanctuary of the entire nation
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467:
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1524:
Sites of the Yuan Dynasty Upper Capital (Xanadu) and Middle Capital
1075:'. Unfortunately Coleridge's writing was interrupted by an unnamed "
924:
Your pleasant mist when on early mornings I ascended to the heights!
2275:
1004:
Fighting through a multitude of enemies, I broke through and left.
918:
My Yellow Steppe of Xanadu, the summer residence of ancient Khans.
849:
819:
And when you have ridden three days from the city last mentioned,
712:
Shangdu was located in what is now Shangdu Town, Zhenglan Banner,
449:
417:
2181:
1994:
1959:
1382:"Chapter 61: Of the City of Chandu, and the Kaan's Palace There"
1337:
1334:"Cassini Reveals Titan's Xanadu Region to Be an Earth-Like Land"
2072:
1537:
922:
My dear Daidu that I've lost on the year of the bald red rabbit
2590:
Major National Historical and Cultural Sites in Inner Mongolia
1319:
960:
My deadly mistake of not heeding the words of Lagan and Ibagu!
763:
fled the city, which was abandoned for several hundred years.
747:; 'open and flat'), was designed by Chinese architect
40:
1436:"Chapter XIII: Of the Religion of the Tartars, and Cathayans"
978:
In Kaiping Xanadu, I spent the summers in peaceful relaxation
944:
Where I sat holding the reputation of the Forty Tumen Mongols
599:
986:
The dear Daidu built by the extraordinary Wise Khan (Kublai)
936:
My eight-sided white stupa made of various precious objects.
1366:. Vol. 18 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.
690:. Historical accounts of the city inspired the famous poem
593:
470:
is simply another name for China, the English cartographer
1355:
587:
72:
1527:
1063:
In 1797, according to his own account, the English poet
68:
934:
I became like a calf left behind on its native pastures
566:
64:
1161: – Mythical kingdom in Tibetan Buddhist tradition
946:
My dear City of Daidu, the iron stair has been broken.
940:
Where I sat holding the reputation of the Great Nation
994:
The Sage Khan, the reincarnation of all bodhisattvas,
984:
The awe-inspiring reputation carried by the Lord Khan
950:
My precious Daidu, from where I surveyed and observed
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367:
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My city with no winter residence to spend the winter
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2013:
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A conflicting bad name has come upon the Sage Khan.
926:
Lagan and Ibagu made it known to me, the Sage Khan.
581:
478:" to the northeast of China. On his map, he placed
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1316:"Planetary Names: Albedo Feature: Xanadu on Titan"
1008:Become a Khan in the golden line of the Lord Khan.
980:By a hapless error they have been lost – to China.
1124:And there were gardens bright with sinuous rills,
1130:Enfolding sunny spots of greenery. (lines 1–11)
982:A circling bad name has come upon the Sage Khan.
962:The Cane Palace had been established in sanctity
1106:
1093:
1088:
1051:
1038:
968:An impure bad name has come upon the Sage Khan.
966:I have lost Kaiping Xanadu entirely – to China.
913:
817:
2552:Migratory Bird Sanctuaries along the Coast of
2141:Migratory Bird Sanctuaries along the Coast of
1475:Christabel, Kubla Khan, and the Pains of Sleep
1200:Encyclopedia of Mongolia and the Mongol Empire
1149: – 1235–1260 capital of the Mongol Empire
1084:Christabel, Kubla Khan, and the Pains of Sleep
430:spelled it) on the French map of Asia made by
2528:Imperial Tombs of the Ming and Qing Dynasties
2084:
1549:
1126:Where blossomed many an incense-bearing tree;
964:Kublai the Wise Khan spent his summers there!
942:My great square City of Daidu with four gates
930:Nobles born foolish cared not for their state
306:
67:. Consider transferring direct quotations to
8:
1764:Administrative divisions of the Yuan dynasty
1456:Hakluytus Posthumus or Purchas his Pilgrimes
976:Jewel Daidu was built with many an adornment
649:'Middle Capital') which was renamed
92:
1155: – Fictional location in the Himalayas
1128:And here were forests ancient as the hills,
644:
524:
2091:
2077:
2069:
1556:
1542:
1534:
346:
107:
91:
1390:. Vol. 1. Translated by Yule, Henry.
1181:Turko-Mongol Rulers, Cities and City Life
1122:With walls and towers were girdled round:
660:). Shangdu is located in the present-day
938:My City of Daidu made of the nine jewels
928:In full knowledge I let go of dear Daidu
1477:(2nd ed.). London: William Bulmer.
1442:. London: William Stansby. p. 415.
1171:
1018:On the Golden Lineage of Genghis Khan.
972:I have lost the whole of it – to China.
1759:Bureau of Buddhist and Tibetan Affairs
1288:Kublai Khan: From Xanadu to Superpower
1016:May it go around and establish itself
1010:Caught unaware I have lost dear Daidu.
519:
399:
288:
1281:
1279:
1277:
1120:So twice five miles of fertile ground
970:They besieged and took precious Daidu
956:My summer residence of Kaiping Xanadu
786:(IAU) gave a continent-sized area of
175:
167:
155:
145:
135:
117:
58:too many or overly lengthy quotations
7:
1519:Xanadu – World History Encyclopedia
1249:Shatzman Steinhardt, Nancy (1999).
920:My cool and pleasant Kaiping Xanadu
830:Round this Palace a wall is built,
2487:Mausoleum of the First Qin Emperor
1115:Through caverns measureless to man
911:version is translated as follows:
482:east of the "Cathayan metropolis"
25:
1113:Where Alph, the sacred river, ran
2605:Former populated places in China
2222:Ancient Building Complex in the
2204:
1954:The Twenty-four Filial Exemplars
1817:Jade Mirror of the Four Unknowns
784:International Astronomical Union
577:
266:
259:
236:
229:
45:
2363:Sichuan Giant Panda Sanctuaries
1679:Second Mongol invasion of Burma
1236:Princeton University Art Museum
1198:Atwood, Christopher P. (2004).
1111:A stately pleasure-dome decree:
1077:person on business from Porlock
1028:In 1614, the English clergyman
627:moved his throne to the former
267:
237:
1704:Red Turban invasions of Goryeo
1411:(in Mongolian). Archived from
1251:Chinese imperial city planning
992:I have lost it all – to China.
743:
736:
732:
668:. In June 2012, it was made a
511:
398:
382:
368:
307:
27:Summer capital of Yuan dynasty
1:
2610:World Heritage Sites in China
2100:World Heritage Sites in China
1987:The Story of the Western Wing
1858:Cloud Platform at Juyong Pass
1582:Division of the Mongol Empire
1202:. Facts on File. p. 605.
1067:was reading about Shangdu in
2239:Kaiping Diaolou and Villages
1863:Gulou and Zhonglou (Beijing)
1614:conquest of the Song dynasty
1514:Shangdu Google Satellite Map
879:in girth, and from 10 to 15
821:between north-east and north
2122:Classical Gardens of Suzhou
1883:Jinan Great Southern Mosque
1142:List of mythological places
952:The Mongols of every place.
727:The city, originally named
571:), more popularly known as
567:
2631:
1769:Yuan dynasty in Inner Asia
1648:Battle of Bạch Đằng (1288)
1255:University of Hawaii Press
250:Show map of Inner Mongolia
100:UNESCO World Heritage Site
29:
2309:Honghe Hani Rice Terraces
2266:Zuojiang Huashan Rock Art
2202:
1684:Esen Buqa–Ayurbarwada war
1407:[Golden Button].
1387:The Travels of Marco Polo
958:My pleasant Yellow Steppe
635:
634:of Zhōngdū (Chinese:
556:
544:
497:
412:
345:
333:
319:
296:
223:
142:Cultural: ii, iii, iv, vi
106:
2600:Ancient Chinese capitals
2229:Historic Centre of Macau
2115:Archaeological Ruins of
1798:Goryeo under Mongol rule
1604:Mongol conquest of China
1489:Coleridge, Samuel Taylor
1471:Coleridge, Samuel Taylor
1403:
1109:In Xanadu did Kubla Khan
932:I was left alone weeping
65:summarize the quotations
32:Shangdu (disambiguation)
2421:Ancient City of Pingyao
2391:Chengde Mountain Resort
1873:Pagoda of Bailin Temple
1694:1344 Yellow River flood
1689:War of the Two Capitals
1599:Kublai Khan's campaigns
1497:Oxford University Press
1363:Encyclopædia Britannica
1065:Samuel Taylor Coleridge
1059:Samuel Taylor Coleridge
702:Samuel Taylor Coleridge
2397:Putuo Zongcheng Temple
2294:Chengjiang Fossil Site
2248:Historic Monuments of
1973:The Injustice to Dou E
1878:Temple of Azure Clouds
1808:Science and technology
1665:Battle of Ngasaunggyan
1609:anti-Mongol fortresses
1133:
1117:Down to a sunless sea.
1102:
1097:
1056:
1043:
1021:
894:
811:The Venetian explorer
486:
447:
422:Shangdu (here spelled
208:42.35972°N 116.17917°E
2368:Three Parallel Rivers
2172:Cemetery of Confucius
1709:Battle of Lake Poyang
1699:Red Turban Rebellions
1528:UNESCO World Heritage
1086:, published in 1816:
1069:Purchas his Pilgrimes
1047:Purchas his Pilgrimes
802:Literary descriptions
696:, written by English
453:
434:, geographer of King
421:
2446:Beijing Central Axis
2260:Gaocheng Observatory
1294:. pp. 104–119.
30:For other uses, see
2564:Badain Jaran Desert
2560:of China (Phase II)
2333:Leshan Giant Buddha
2176:Kong Family Mansion
1892:Society and culture
1619:Battle of Xiangyang
670:World Heritage Site
246:Location of Shangdu
213:42.35972; 116.17917
204: /
94:
2401:Xumi Fushou Temple
2299:Dazu Rock Carvings
2149:of China (Phase I)
1980:The Orphan of Zhao
1749:Imperial Preceptor
1286:Man, John (2006).
1220:on April 15, 2016.
552:Mongolian Cyrillic
487:
448:
432:Sanson d'Abbeville
2572:
2571:
2533:South China Karst
2497:Xinjiang Tianshan
2256:Shaolin Monastery
2066:
2065:
1415:on 17 August 2011
903:Toghon Temur Khan
647:
565:
554:
518:
416:
415:
408:
407:
356:Standard Mandarin
287:
286:
278:Show map of China
90:
89:
16:(Redirected from
2622:
2511:Multiple regions
2441:Yungang Grottoes
2431:Temple of Heaven
2407:
2359:
2262:
2244:Longmen Grottoes
2224:Wudang Mountains
2208:
2093:
2086:
2079:
2070:
2036:ʼPhags-pa script
1966:The Chalk Circle
1947:Zhongyuan Yinyun
1834:Shiyi Dexiaofang
1592:Kaidu–Kublai war
1587:Toluid Civil War
1558:
1551:
1544:
1535:
1501:
1500:
1485:
1479:
1478:
1467:
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1312:
1306:
1305:
1283:
1272:
1271:
1246:
1240:
1239:
1228:
1222:
1221:
1216:. Archived from
1210:
1204:
1203:
1195:
1189:
1188:
1176:
745:
740:
734:
648:
645:
642:
623:of China before
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209:
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177:Buffer zone
113:Ruins of Shangdu
111:
101:
95:
85:
82:
76:
49:
48:
41:
21:
2630:
2629:
2625:
2624:
2623:
2621:
2620:
2619:
2585:Medieval cities
2575:
2574:
2573:
2568:
2506:
2502:Qinghai Hoh Xil
2473:
2450:
2394:
2372:
2350:
2338:Mount Qingcheng
2280:
2253:
2209:
2200:
2102:
2097:
2067:
2062:
2042:History of Yuan
2009:
1940:Wenxian Tongkao
1905:History of Liao
1887:
1868:Miaoying Temple
1846:
1802:
1720:
1716:Ispah rebellion
1568:
1562:
1510:
1505:
1504:
1493:Selected Poetry
1487:
1486:
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1314:
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1257:. p. 153.
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1127:
1125:
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1114:
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1110:
1061:
1041:place to place.
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710:
662:Zhenglan Banner
609:
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545:
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533:
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384:
338:Literal meaning
283:
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275:Shangdu (China)
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126:Zhenglan Banner
114:
99:
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80:
77:
71:or excerpts to
62:
50:
46:
39:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
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2411:Forbidden City
2408:
2388:
2382:
2380:
2374:
2373:
2371:
2370:
2365:
2360:
2351:including the
2344:
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2326:
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2316:
2311:
2306:
2301:
2296:
2290:
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2282:
2281:
2279:
2278:
2273:
2268:
2263:
2254:including the
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2226:
2219:
2217:
2211:
2210:
2203:
2201:
2199:
2198:
2193:
2188:
2179:
2165:
2163:Wuyi Mountains
2160:
2155:
2150:
2139:
2134:
2129:
2124:
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2110:
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2103:
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2073:
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2055:
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2045:
2038:
2033:
2028:
2023:
2017:
2015:
2011:
2010:
2008:
2007:
2002:
1997:
1992:
1991:
1990:
1983:
1976:
1969:
1957:
1950:
1943:
1936:
1929:
1926:Shilin Guangji
1922:
1915:
1908:
1901:
1895:
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1754:Zhongshu Sheng
1751:
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1546:
1538:
1532:
1531:
1521:
1516:
1509:
1508:External links
1506:
1503:
1502:
1499:. p. 102.
1480:
1462:
1445:
1426:
1402:"Altan Tovch"
1393:
1369:
1354:, ed. (1911).
1352:Chisholm, Hugh
1343:
1325:
1307:
1300:
1273:
1263:
1241:
1232:"Yuan dynasty"
1223:
1205:
1190:
1187:. p. 239.
1170:
1169:
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1164:
1163:
1162:
1156:
1150:
1144:
1137:
1134:
1107:
1060:
1057:
1030:Samuel Purchas
1025:
1024:Samuel Purchas
1022:
948:My reputation!
914:
901:The lament of
898:
895:
808:
805:
803:
800:
779:
776:
722:Forbidden City
714:Inner Mongolia
709:
706:
666:Inner Mongolia
617:summer capital
414:
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410:
409:
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350:Transcriptions
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133:
130:Inner Mongolia
124:Shangdu Town,
122:
116:
115:
112:
104:
103:
93:Site of Xanadu
88:
87:
81:September 2024
53:
51:
44:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2627:
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2509:
2503:
2500:
2498:
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2485:
2484:
2482:
2480:
2476:
2470:
2469:Mukden Palace
2467:
2465:
2464:Koguryo sites
2462:
2461:
2459:
2457:
2453:
2447:
2444:
2442:
2439:
2437:
2434:
2432:
2429:
2427:
2426:Summer Palace
2424:
2422:
2419:
2417:
2414:
2412:
2409:
2406:
2405:Puning Temple
2402:
2398:
2392:
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2347:Potala Palace
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2240:
2237:
2235:
2232:
2230:
2227:
2225:
2221:
2220:
2218:
2216:
2215:South Central
2212:
2207:
2197:
2194:
2192:
2189:
2187:
2183:
2180:
2177:
2173:
2169:
2166:
2164:
2161:
2159:
2156:
2154:
2153:Mount Sanqing
2151:
2148:
2144:
2140:
2138:
2135:
2133:
2130:
2128:
2125:
2123:
2120:
2118:
2117:Liangzhu City
2114:
2113:
2111:
2109:
2105:
2101:
2094:
2089:
2087:
2082:
2080:
2075:
2074:
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2059:
2058:Northern Yuan
2056:
2054:
2051:
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2046:
2044:
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2039:
2037:
2034:
2032:
2029:
2027:
2026:Mongol Empire
2024:
2022:
2019:
2018:
2016:
2012:
2006:
2003:
2001:
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1655:Java invasion
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1406:
1397:
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1383:
1379:
1373:
1370:
1365:
1364:
1358:
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1347:
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1339:
1335:
1329:
1326:
1321:
1317:
1311:
1308:
1303:
1301:9780553817188
1297:
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1274:
1270:
1266:
1264:0-8248-2196-3
1260:
1256:
1252:
1245:
1242:
1237:
1233:
1227:
1224:
1219:
1215:
1209:
1206:
1201:
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1191:
1186:
1182:
1175:
1172:
1165:
1160:
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1139:
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1101:
1096:
1092:
1087:
1085:
1080:
1078:
1074:
1070:
1066:
1058:
1055:
1050:
1048:
1042:
1037:
1035:
1031:
1023:
1019:
912:
910:
909:
904:
896:
893:
889:
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862:
858:
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851:
847:
842:
837:
833:
828:
826:
822:
816:
814:
806:
801:
799:
797:
793:
789:
785:
782:In 2006, the
777:
775:
772:
770:
764:
762:
759:
755:
750:
749:Liu Bingzhong
746:
739:
730:
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723:
719:
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703:
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689:
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677:
673:
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638:
633:
630:
626:
622:
618:
614:
613:
604:
574:
569:
563:
553:
542:
534:Upper Capital
521:
514:
508:
503:
500:
495:
491:
485:
481:
477:
473:
469:
465:
461:
460:Bento de Góis
457:
452:
445:
441:
437:
433:
429:
425:
420:
411:
401:
396:
394:
390:
380:
378:
374:
366:
364:
360:
357:
353:
348:
344:
341:Upper Capital
340:
336:
332:
328:
326:
322:
318:
313:
310:
305:
303:
299:
295:
290:
262:
232:
222:
217:
189:
187:
183:
180:150,721.96 ha
179:
171:
163:
159:
152:
149:
141:
139:
131:
127:
123:
121:
110:
105:
102:
96:
84:
74:
70:
66:
60:
59:
54:This article
52:
43:
42:
37:
33:
19:
18:Xanadu, China
2595:Yuan dynasty
2523:China Danxia
2479:Northwestern
2435:
2286:Southwestern
2127:Fujian tulou
2052:
2040:
2014:Other topics
1985:
1978:
1971:
1964:
1952:
1945:
1938:
1933:Menggu Ziyun
1931:
1924:
1917:
1910:
1903:
1851:Architecture
1839:
1832:
1815:
1565:Yuan dynasty
1492:
1483:
1474:
1465:
1455:
1448:
1439:
1429:
1417:. Retrieved
1413:the original
1408:
1396:
1386:
1372:
1361:
1346:
1328:
1310:
1292:Bantam Books
1287:
1268:
1250:
1244:
1226:
1218:the original
1208:
1199:
1193:
1180:
1174:
1108:
1103:
1098:
1094:
1089:
1083:
1081:
1068:
1062:
1052:
1046:
1044:
1039:
1033:
1027:
915:
908:Altan Tobchi
906:
900:
897:Toghon Temur
890:
863:on gilt and
854:
829:
818:
810:
781:
773:
765:
761:Toghun Temür
742:
728:
726:
711:
691:
688:Chang Yuchun
674:
621:Yuan dynasty
572:
510:
489:
488:
479:
462:had already
456:Matteo Ricci
454:Even though
423:
363:Hanyu Pinyin
325:Hanyu Pinyin
172:25,131.27 ha
78:
63:Please help
55:
2615:Kublai Khan
2538:Grand Canal
2492:Mogao Caves
2416:Zhoukoudian
2386:Mount Wutai
2357:Norbulingka
2304:Fanjingshan
2234:Shennongjia
1899:Yuan poetry
1737:family tree
1409:hicheel.com
1378:Polo, Marco
1357:"Mew"
686:army under
655:present-day
629:Jin dynasty
615:), was the
211: /
199:116°10′45″E
186:Coordinates
160:2020 (44th
157:Inscription
2579:Categories
2554:Yellow Sea
2548:Tusi Sites
2543:Silk Roads
2518:Great Wall
2395:including
2342:Dujiangyan
2329:Mount Emei
2319:Jiuzhaigou
2271:Wulingyuan
2143:Yellow Sea
1725:Government
1419:17 January
1404:Алтан Товч
1290:. London:
1183:. Leiden:
1166:References
1153:Shangri-La
1073:Kubla Khan
1032:published
990:Dear Daidu
869:architrave
841:gerfalcons
813:Marco Polo
807:Marco Polo
693:Kubla Khan
680:Marco Polo
678:traveller
517:pronounced
472:John Speed
428:Marco Polo
377:Wade–Giles
196:42°21′35″N
73:Wikisource
2558:Bohai Sea
2456:Northeast
2314:Huanglong
2191:West Lake
2158:Mount Tai
2147:Bohai Sea
2137:Huangshan
2048:Khanbaliq
1789:Dpon-chen
1779:Manchuria
1744:Empresses
1159:Shambhala
1147:Karakorum
865:lacquered
850:diversion
832:inclosing
794:the name
778:Astronomy
769:Dolon Nor
754:Ming army
704:in 1797.
651:Khanbaliq
562:romanized
541:Mongolian
436:Louis XIV
147:Reference
69:Wikiquote
56:contains
2250:Dengfeng
2196:Kulangsu
2031:Borjigin
1841:Nong Shu
1823:Jiaochao
1774:Mongolia
1732:Emperors
1633:Sakhalin
1491:(1997).
1473:(1816).
1136:See also
886:celerity
790:'s moon
767:town of
698:Romantic
676:Venetian
383:Shang-tu
138:Criteria
120:Location
2353:Jokhang
2324:Lijiang
2186:Hongcun
2178:in Qufu
2053:Shangdu
2021:Mongols
2005:Fashion
1828:Coinage
1643:Vietnam
1574:History
873:varnish
836:compass
744:Kāipíng
729:Kaiping
708:History
658:Beijing
632:capital
619:of the
564::
528:
512:Shàngdū
494:Chinese
490:Shangdu
484:Cambalu
444:Beijing
440:Cambalu
385:Shangtu
369:Shàngdū
329:Shàngdū
302:Chinese
292:Shangdu
162:Session
132:, China
2436:Xanadu
2184:, and
2168:Temple
2132:Lushan
1567:topics
1298:
1261:
861:stayed
796:Xanadu
788:Saturn
718:Duolun
625:Kublai
612:-ə-doo
573:Xanadu
509::
507:pinyin
496::
468:Cathay
464:proven
424:Ciandu
36:Xanadu
2378:North
2276:Yinxu
2000:Islam
1784:Tibet
1670:Pagan
1660:Burma
1638:Japan
1624:Yamen
1185:Brill
881:paces
877:palms
846:croup
792:Titan
700:poet
568:Šandu
557:Шанду
546:ᠱᠠᠩᠳᠤ
480:Xandu
466:that
426:, as
2403:and
2355:and
2340:and
2331:and
2258:and
2182:Xidi
2174:and
2170:and
2108:East
1995:Semu
1960:Zaju
1919:Song
1421:2022
1338:NASA
1296:ISBN
1259:ISBN
857:cane
825:gilt
758:Khan
684:Ming
646:lit.
525:lit.
458:and
169:Area
151:1389
34:and
1912:Jin
1320:IAU
610:ZAN
476:Cam
393:IPA
2581::
2399:,
2393:,
2349:,
2252:,
1495:.
1438:.
1384:.
1380:.
1360:.
1336:.
1318:.
1276:^
1267:.
1253:.
1234:.
852:.
834:a
741:;
738:開平
735:;
733:开平
664:,
643:;
600:uː
559:,
555::
549:,
543::
539:;
523:;
515:;
505:;
128:,
2556:–
2145:–
2092:e
2085:t
2078:v
1557:e
1550:t
1543:v
1530:)
1526:(
1423:.
1340:.
1322:.
1304:.
1238:.
731:(
653:(
640:都
637:中
603:/
597:d
594:ə
591:n
588:æ
585:z
582:ˈ
579:/
575:(
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502:都
499:上
492:(
312:都
309:上
164:)
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79:(
75:.
61:.
38:.
20:)
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