31:
56:
1507:
696:
Ge, D. Y., Liu, X., Lv, X. F., Zhang, Z. Q., Xia, L., & Yang, Q. S. (2014). Historical
Biogeography and Body Form Evolution of Ground Squirrels (Sciuridae: Xerinae). Evolutionary Biology, 41(1), 99–114.
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Thorington, R. W. and R. S. Hoffmann (2005). "Family
Sciuridae". pp. 754–818 in Wilson, E. D. and Reeder, D. M. (eds.),
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era, and with the help of global cooling and the expansion of grasslands, resulted in the emergence of the
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six species of ground squirrels in five genera, occurring in Africa and Asia.
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ground squirrels in fifteen genera, occurring world wide. Includes the
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thirty species of tree squirrels in six genera, occurring in Africa.
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but later dispersed to other parts of the world. One of which was
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684:
Mammal
Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference
1352:
707:
369:, many of which are highly terrestrial. It includes the
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ground squirrel tribes. Many
Xerinae also dispersed to
687:, Vol. 2. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore.
1361:
1301:
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1123:
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396:(African and some Eurasian ground squirrels), and
411:, where they traveled via land bridges in the
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697:https://doi.org/10.1007/s11692-013-9250-7
674:
7:
1578:Taxa named by Henry Fairfield Osborn
1503:
1501:
415:period, leading to the emergence of
1521:. You can help Knowledge (XXG) by
14:
1505:
403:The Xerinae first originated in
54:
831:(Spermophilopsis leptodactylus)
992:Carruther's mountain squirrel
1:
1323:Large tribe listed separately
39:South African ground squirrel
1009:Lady Burton's rope squirrel
829:Long-clawed ground squirrel
1239:Swynnerton's bush squirrel
1190:Cooper's mountain squirrel
1098:(Heliosciurus rufobrachium)
966:(African striped squirrels)
400:(African tree squirrels).
1599:
1500:
1206:African red bush squirrel
1166:Alexander's bush squirrel
1033:Fire-footed rope squirrel
1025:Red-cheeked rope squirrel
909:Unstriped ground squirrel
850:(African ground squirrels)
1335:
1318:
1268:(African giant squirrels)
1106:(Heliosciurus ruwenzorii)
1043:(Funisciurus substriatus)
1019:(Funisciurus lemniscatus)
994:(Funisciurus carruthersi)
892:Mountain ground squirrel
747:
734:Extant species of family
145:
140:
51:Scientific classification
49:
37:
28:
23:
1278:Slender-tailed squirrel
1247:Vincent's bush squirrel
1156:(African bush squirrels)
1114:(Heliosciurus undulatus)
1096:Red-legged sun squirrel
1090:(Heliosciurus punctatus)
1082:(Heliosciurus mutabilis)
1074:(Heliosciurus gambianus)
1027:(Funisciurus leucogenys)
978:(Funisciurus anerythrus)
867:Striped ground squirrel
806:Barbary ground squirrel
1241:(Paraxerus vexillarius)
1200:(Paraxerus flavovittis)
1135:African pygmy squirrel
1104:Ruwenzori sun squirrel
1041:Kintampo rope squirrel
1017:Ribboned rope squirrel
976:Thomas's rope squirrel
435:ground squirrel tribe.
1286:Forest giant squirrel
1198:Striped bush squirrel
1182:Smith's bush squirrel
1174:Boehm's bush squirrel
1035:(Funisciurus pyrropus)
1011:(Funisciurus isabella)
945:Ebian's palm squirrel
808:(Atlantoxerus getulus)
1288:(Protoxerus stangeri)
1280:(Protoxerus aubinnii)
1230:Green bush squirrel (
1224:(Paraxerus palliatus)
1216:(Paraxerus ochraceus)
1168:(Paraxerus alexandri)
1080:Mutable sun squirrel
1072:Gambian sun squirrel
1002:(Funisciurus congicus
986:(Funisciurus bayonii)
884:Cape ground squirrel
1249:(Paraxerus vincenti)
1214:Ochre bush squirrel
1137:(Myosciurus pumilio)
1000:Congo rope squirrel
984:Lunda rope squirrel
16:Subfamily of mammals
1208:(Paraxerus lucifer)
1192:(Paraxerus cooperi)
1088:Small sun squirrel
392:ground squirrels),
1573:Mammal subfamilies
1309:(ground squirrels)
1222:Red bush squirrel
1184:(Paraxerus cepapi)
1176:(Paraxerus boehmi)
1112:Zanj sun squirrel
869:(Xerus erythropus)
141:Tribes and genera
1530:
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1355:Taxon identifiers
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1297:
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1232:Paraxerus poensis
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1065:
969:
920:
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571:Callospermophilus
427:during the early
355:
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256:Callospermophilus
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894:(Xerus princeps)
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851:
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792:
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662:Xerospermophilus
564:Ammospermophilus
347:Xerospermophilus
249:Ammospermophilus
131:
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33:
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1119:
1062:(sun squirrels)
1061:
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1048:
965:
964:
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952:
947:(Epixerus ebii)
916:
911:(Xerus rutilus)
886:(Xerus inauris)
849:
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846:
836:
820:Spermophilopsis
813:
781:
743:
732:
702:
701:
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620:Otospermophilus
474:Spermophilopsis
441:
305:Otospermophilus
243:
193:
177:Spermophilopsis
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17:
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11:
5:
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627:Poliocitellus
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425:North America
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66:
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62:
57:
52:
48:
44:
43:Xerus inauris
40:
36:
32:
27:
22:
19:
1523:expanding it
1512:
1497:
1362:
1337:
1287:
1279:
1259:
1248:
1240:
1231:
1223:
1215:
1207:
1199:
1191:
1183:
1175:
1167:
1147:
1136:
1124:
1113:
1105:
1097:
1089:
1081:
1073:
1055:Heliosciurus
1053:
1042:
1034:
1026:
1018:
1010:
1001:
993:
985:
977:
957:
946:
934:
910:
903:
901:
893:
885:
878:
876:
868:
861:
859:
841:
830:
818:
807:
797:Atlantoxerus
795:
777:Sciuromorpha
739:
692:
682:
677:
660:
653:
646:
641:Spermophilus
639:
634:Sciurotamias
632:
625:
618:
613:Notocitellus
611:
604:
597:
590:
583:
576:
569:
562:
544:prairie dogs
537:
530:
523:
516:
511:Heliosciurus
509:
502:
495:
486:
479:
472:
465:
458:
453:Atlantoxerus
451:
442:
402:
388:, and other
386:prairie dogs
358:
356:
345:
338:
331:
326:Spermophilus
324:
319:Sciurotamias
317:
310:
303:
298:Notocitellus
296:
289:
282:
275:
268:
261:
254:
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239:
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225:
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213:Heliosciurus
211:
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189:
182:
175:
168:
161:
156:Atlantoxerus
154:
146:
127:
42:
18:
1441:iNaturalist
1387:Wikispecies
959:Funisciurus
926:Protoxerini
738:(subfamily
655:Urocitellus
550:(including
504:Funisciurus
489:Protoxerini
417:Protoxerini
398:Protoxerini
361:comprise a
340:Urocitellus
206:Funisciurus
191:Protoxerini
124:Subfamily:
1562:Categories
1261:Protoxerus
1126:Myosciurus
879:Geosciurus
775:Suborder:
669:References
532:Protoxerus
518:Myosciurus
467:Geosciurus
234:Protoxerus
220:Myosciurus
170:Geosciurus
1303:Marmotini
1149:Paraxerus
902:Subgenus
877:Subgenus
860:Subgenus
751:Kingdom:
736:Sciuridae
606:Neotamias
592:Ictidomys
556:chipmunks
552:woodchuck
540:Marmotini
525:Paraxerus
433:Marmotini
429:Oligocene
390:Holarctic
382:chipmunks
374:Marmotini
367:squirrels
363:subfamily
291:Neotamias
277:Ictidomys
241:Marmotini
227:Paraxerus
118:Sciuridae
74:Kingdom:
68:Eukaryota
1515:squirrel
1472:12400696
1433:10514434
1372:Wikidata
1339:Category
936:Epixerus
771:Rodentia
765:Mammalia
759:Chordata
757:Phylum:
753:Animalia
585:Eutamias
497:Epixerus
439:Taxonomy
270:Eutamias
199:Epixerus
114:Family:
108:Rodentia
98:Mammalia
88:Chordata
84:Phylum:
78:Animalia
64:Domain:
24:Xerinae
1568:Xerinae
1407:Xerinae
1393:Xerinae
1363:Xerinae
862:Euxerus
769:Order:
763:Class:
740:Xerinae
599:Marmota
578:Cynomys
554:), and
548:marmots
460:Euxerus
413:Miocene
405:Eurasia
378:marmots
359:Xerinae
284:Marmota
263:Cynomys
163:Euxerus
128:Xerinae
104:Order:
94:Class:
1485:337726
1459:930206
1446:339572
1378:Q53112
787:Xerini
648:Tamias
546:, the
538:Tribe
487:Tribe
445:Xerini
443:Tribe
421:Xerini
409:Africa
394:Xerini
371:tribes
333:Tamias
148:Xerini
135:, 1910
133:Osborn
1513:This
904:Xerus
843:Xerus
481:Xerus
184:Xerus
1519:stub
1480:NCBI
1454:ITIS
419:and
357:The
1467:MSW
1428:EoL
1420:KHX
1415:CoL
1402:ADW
365:of
1564::
1482::
1469::
1456::
1443::
1430::
1417::
1404::
1389::
1374::
907::
882::
865::
558:.
384:,
380:,
45:)
1550:e
1543:t
1536:v
1525:.
1234:)
1004:)
742:)
727:e
720:t
713:v
376:(
41:(
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