1380:, he is given a minor position in heaven as the Keeper of Horses (弼馬溫, bìmǎwēn) so they can keep an eye on him. When Sun realizes that he was given the lowest position in heaven and is not considered a full-fledged god, he becomes very angry. Upon returning to his mountain, he puts up a flag and declares himself the "Great Sage Equal to Heaven (齊天大聖, qí tiān dàshèng)." The Jade Emperor dispatches celestial soldiers to arrest Sun Wukong, but none succeed. The Jade Emperor has no choice but to appoint him to be the guardian of the heavenly peach garden. The different varieties of peach trees in the garden bear fruit every 3,000, 6,000, and 9,000 years, and eating their flesh will bestow immortality and other gifts, so Sun Wukong eats nearly all of the ripe peaches. Later, after fairies who come to collect peaches for
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1419:, but he was able to pull it out of its support and can swing it with ease. The Dragon King had told Sun Wukong he could have the staff if he could lift it, but was angry when the monkey was actually able to pull it out and accused him of being a thief. Sun Wukong was insulted, so he demanded a suit of armor and refused to leave until he received one. The Dragon King of the East and the other dragon kings, fearful of Sun wreaking havoc in their domain, gave him a suit of golden armor. These gifts, combined with his devouring of the peaches of immortality, erasing his name from the Book of the Dead, drinking heavenly wine from the Peach Festival, eating
1883:. Waley noted in his preface that the method adopted in earlier abridgements was "to leave the original number of separate episodes, but drastically reduce them in length, particularly by cutting out dialogue. I have for the most part adopted the opposite principle, omitting many episodes, but translating those that are retained almost in full, leaving out, however, most of the incidental passages in verse, which go very badly into English." The degree of abridgement, 30 out of the 100 chapters (which corresponds to roughly 1/6 of the whole text), and excising most of the verse, has led to a recent critic awarding it the lesser place, as a good
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1961:, the first to translate the poems and songs which Yu argues are essential in understanding the author's meanings. Yu also supplied an extensive scholarly introduction and notes. In 2012, University of Chicago Press issued a revised edition of Yu's translation in four volumes. In addition to correcting or amending the translation and converting romanisation to pinyin, the new edition updates and augments the annotations, and revises and expands the introduction in respect to new scholarship and modes of interpretation.
1201:)", trapped under a mountain by the Buddha for defying Heaven. He appears right away in chapter 13. The most intelligent, the most powerful, and the most violent of the disciples, he is constantly reproved for his violence by Tang Sanzang. Ultimately, he can only be controlled by a magic gold ring that Guanyin has placed around his head, which causes him unbearable headaches when Tang Sanzang chants the Ring Tightening Mantra. In the story, Sun Wukong is an allegorical representation of the human mind and thought and
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alcohol and accidentally returned to his original form. Being extremely shocked, the villagers ran away, but Zhu Bajie wanted to keep his bride, so he told the bride's father that if after one month the family still did not agree to let him keep the bride, he would take her by force. He also locked the bride up in a separate building. At this point, Tang
Sanzang and Sun Wukong arrived at the Gao Family Village and helped defeat him. Renamed Zhu Bajie by Tang Sanzang, he consequently joined the pilgrimage to the West.
1901:'s lead, as shown in Hu's introduction to the 1943 edition. Hu scorned the allegorical interpretations of the novel as a spiritual as well as physical quest, declaring that they were old-fashioned. He instead insisted that the stories were simply comic. Hu Shi reacted against elaborately allegorical readings of the novel made popular in the Qing dynasty, but does not account for the levels of meaning and the looser allegorical framework which recent scholars in China and the West have shown.
1987:
1404:, who seals Wukong under a mountain called Five Elements Mountain after the latter loses a bet regarding whether he can leap out of the Buddha's hand in a single somersault. Sun Wukong is kept under the mountain for 500 years and cannot escape because of a seal that was placed on the mountain. He is later set free when Tang Sanzang comes upon him during his pilgrimage and accepts him as a disciple.
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1443:, which cannot be removed by Sun Wukong himself until the journey's end. Tang Sanzang can tighten this band by chanting the "Ring Tightening Mantra" (taught to him by Guanyin) whenever he needs to chastise him. The spell is referred to by Tang Sanzang's disciples as the "Headache Sutra". Tang Sanzang speaks this mantra quickly in repetition when Sun disobeys him.
1250:, who was sentenced to death for setting fire to his father's great pearl. He was saved by Guanyin from execution to stay and wait for his call of duty. He has almost no speaking role, as throughout the story he mainly appears as a horse that Tang Sanzang rides on. In the story, the White Dragon Horse is an allegorical representation of the human will.
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1540:, helps by finding him powerful disciples who aid and protect him on his journey. In return, the disciples will receive enlightenment and forgiveness for their sins once the journey is done. Along the way, they help the local inhabitants by defeating various monsters and demons who try to obtain immortality by consuming Tang Sanzang's flesh.
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1740:" in English, was once a celestial Curtain Lifting General, who stood in attendance by the imperial chariot in the Hall of Miraculous Mist. He was exiled to the mortal world and made to look like a sandman, orc, ogre, troll, oni, demon, monster, or hulk because he accidentally smashed a crystal goblet belonging to the
1436:), and can transform into anything that exists (animate and inanimate). Notably, however, Sun cannot fight as well underwater, and often the pilgrimage must rely on Pigsy and Sandy for marine combat. The monkey, nimble and quick-witted, uses these skills to defeat all but the most powerful of demons on the journey.
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Pigsy's lust for women, extreme laziness, and greediness, made his spirituality the lowest in the group, with even the White Dragon Horse achieving more than him, and he remained on Earth and was granted the title "Cleaner of the Altars," with the duty of cleaning every altar at every
Buddhist temple
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points out that Waley's abridgement reflected his interpretation of the novel as a "folktale"; this "brilliant translation... through its selection of episodes gave rise to the misleading impression that that this is essentially a compendium of popular materials marked by folk wit and humour." Waley
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Furnace (after which he gained a steel-hard body and fiery golden eyes that could see far into the distance and through any disguise), makes Sun Wukong by far the strongest member of the pilgrimage. Besides these abilities, he can also pluck hairs from his body and blow on them to convert them into
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Xuanzang left India in 643 and arrived back in Chang'an in 646. Although he had defied the imperial travel ban when he left, Xuanzang received a warm welcome from
Emperor Taizong upon his return. The emperor provided money and support for Xuanzang's projects. He joined Da Ci'en Monastery (Monastery
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Episodes consist of 1–4 chapters and usually involve Tang
Sanzang being captured and having his life threatened while his disciples try to find an ingenious (and often violent) way of liberating him. Although some of Tang Sanzang's predicaments are political and involve ordinary human beings, they
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during a Peach
Banquet. The now-hideous immortal took up residence in the Flowing Sands River, terrorizing surrounding villages and travelers trying to cross the river. However, he was subdued by Sun Wukong and Zhu Bajie when Tang Sanzang's party came across him. They consequently took him in, as
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In chapter 87, Tang
Sanzang finally reaches the borderlands of India, and chapters 87–99 present magical adventures in a somewhat more mundane setting. At length, after a pilgrimage said to have taken fourteen years (the text actually only provides evidence for nine of those years, but presumably
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province), he finds himself in a wilderness of deep gorges and tall mountains, inhabited by demons and animal spirits who regard him as a potential meal (since his flesh was believed to give immortality to whoever ate it), with the occasional hidden monastery or royal city-state amidst the harsh
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extraordinary characteristics. Due to this, he is sometimes seen as a minor character. He does however serve as the peacekeeper of the group, mediating between Wukong, Bajie, and even Tang
Sanzang and others. He is also the person whom Tang Sanzang consults when faced with difficult decisions.
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staff. He also knows 18 transformation methods and is highly effective in water combat. He is known to be the most obedient, logical, and polite of the three disciples, and always takes care of his master, seldom engaging in the bickering of his fellow disciples. He has no major faults nor any
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However, Zhu Bajie's lust for women led him to the Gao Family
Village, where he posed as a handsome young man and helped defeat a group of robbers who tried to abduct a maiden. Eventually, the family agreed to let Zhu Bajie marry the maiden. But during the day of the wedding, he drank too much
844:, and then Ambassador to the United States, wrote in 1942 that the novel was thought to have been written and published anonymously by Wu Cheng'en. He reasoned that the people of Wu's hometown attributed it to him early on, and kept records to that effect as early as 1625; thus, claimed Hu,
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It is strongly suggested that most of these calamities are engineered by fate and/or the Buddha, as, while the monsters who attack are vast in power and many in number, no real harm ever comes to the four travelers. Some of the monsters turn out to be escaped celestial beasts belonging to
1623:"). He is also capable of 36 transformations and can travel on clouds, but not as fast as Sun Wukong. However, Zhu is noted for his fighting skills in the water, which he used to combat Sha Wujing, who later joined them on the journey. He is the second strongest member of the team.
1220:. A reliable fighter, he is characterized by his insatiable appetites for food and women, and is constantly looking for a way out of his duties, which causes significant conflict with Sun Wukong. In the story, Zhu Bajie is an allegorical representation of base human nature (or the
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more frequently consist of run-ins with various demons, many of whom turn out to be earthly manifestations of heavenly beings (whose sins will be negated by eating the flesh of Tang
Sanzang) or animal-spirits with enough Taoist spiritual merit to assume semi-human forms.
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is a work of fantasy, it is based on the actual journey of the
Chinese monk Xuanzang (602–664), who traveled to India in the 7th century in order to seek out Buddhist scriptures and bring them back to China. Xuanzang was a monk at Jingtu Temple in the imperial capital
1134:) to search China for someone to take the Buddhist sutras of "transcendence and persuasion for good will" back. Part of this section also relates to how Tang Sanzang becomes a monk (as well as revealing his past life as a disciple of the Buddha named "Golden Cicada" (
1216:, literally "Pig Awakened to Ability" and "Eight Precepts Pig," sometimes translated as Pigsy or just Pig. He was previously the Marshal of the Heavenly Canopy, a commander of Heaven's naval forces, and was banished to the mortal realm for harassing the moon goddess
893:, are recorded in other texts. The narrative threads from this earlier text which survive are the wager between the Dragon King of the Jing River and fortune teller Yuan Shoucheng and the contest between the pilgrims and the three Taoist demons in Cart Slow Kingdom.
1020:. With the support of the emperor, he established an institute at Yuhua Gong (Palace of the Luster of Jade) monastery dedicated to translating the scriptures he had brought back. His translation and commentary work established him as the founder of the
1262:, a kingdom with an all-female population, a lair of seductive spider spirits, and many other scenarios. Throughout the journey, the four disciples have to fend off attacks on their master and teacher Tang Sanzang from various monsters and calamities.
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Chapter 100, the final chapter, quickly describes the return journey to the Tang Empire, and the aftermath in which each traveller receives a reward in the form of posts in the bureaucracy of the heavens. Sun Wukong and Tang Sanzang both achieve
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bodhisattvas or Taoist sages and deities. Towards the end of the book, there is a scene where the Buddha commands the fulfillment of the last disaster, because Tang Sanzang is one short of the 81 tribulations required before attaining
1415:," which he can shrink down to the size of a needle and keep in his ear, as well as expand it to gigantic proportions. The rod, which weighs 17,550 pounds (7,960 kg), was originally a pillar supporting the undersea palace of the
1372:, and find a way to be able to live forever. He eventually found the "Grand Master of Bodhi (菩提祖師, pútí zǔshī)," who taught him the 72 heavenly methods of transformation and a "somersault cloud" which allows him to travel 108,000
1231:(literally "Sand Awakened to Purity"), also known as Friar Sand or Sandy. He was previously the celestial Curtain Lifting General, and was banished to the mortal realm for dropping (and shattering) a crystal goblet of the
900:
has become the authoritative version of these folk stories, and while the cumulative authorship of the text is acknowledged, Wu is generally accepted as the author of the 1592 printed version widely considered canonical.
1091:), or "Great Sage Equal to Heaven." His powers grow to match the forces of all of the Eastern (Taoist) deities, and the prologue culminates in Sun's rebellion against Heaven, during a time when he garnered a post in the
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on the mountain; for this feat, his monkey tribe gives him the title of "Handsome Monkey King (美猴王, měi hóuwáng)." After seeing a fellow monkey die because of old age, he decides to travel around the world to seek the
1235:. He is a quiet but generally dependable and hard-working character, who serves as the straight foil to the comic relief of Sun and Zhu. In the story, Sha Wujing is an allegorical representation of human obedience and
1517:, the main categories of texts in the Buddhist canon which is also used as an honorific for some Buddhist monks) is a Buddhist monk who had renounced his family to become a monk from childhood. He is just called "
1600:, resulting in his banishment to the mortal world. He was supposed to be reborn as a human but ended up in the womb of a sow due to an error on the Reincarnation Wheel, which turned him into a half-man, half-pig
834:, writing in 2012, warned that "this vexing dispute over the novel's authorship, similar to that on the priority of its textual versions, see-sawed back and forth for nearly a century without resolution."
3604:
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811:, completed in 1408, contains excerpts of a version of the story written in colloquial Chinese, and a Korean book from 1423 also includes a fragment of that story. The earliest surviving edition of
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2179:. It was released on 20 August 2024 for PlayStation 5 and PC. It is also slated to release at a later date for the Xbox Series X/S. The plot of the game is set after the main events of the novel.
1258:." Chapters 23–86 take place in the wilderness, and consist of 24 episodes of varying length, each characterized by a different magical monster or evil magician. There are impassibly wide rivers,
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pointed out that although Wu had knowledge of Chinese bureaucracy and politics, the novel itself does not include any political details that "a fairly well-read commoner could not have known."
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at the end of the journey, giving him a higher level of exaltation than Zhu Bajie, who is relegated to cleaning altars, but lower spiritually than Sun Wukong and Tang Sanzang, who are granted
1384:'s heavenly peach banquet inform Sun Wukong he is not invited and make fun of him, he once again begins to cause trouble in Heaven, stealing heavenly wine from the peach banquet and eating
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dates from the 16th century. Embellished stories based on Xuanzang's journey to India had circulated through oral storytelling for centuries. They appeared in book form as early as the
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The third and longest section of the work is chapters 13–99, an episodic adventure story in which Tang Sanzang sets out to bring back Buddhist scriptures from Leiyin Temple on
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tasks the monk, called "Tang Sanzang" or "Tripitaka", with journeying to India and provides him with three protectors who agree to help him in order to atone for their sins:
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Chinese literature scholar David Lattimore stated in 1983: "The Ambassador's confidence was quite unjustified. What the gazetteer says is that Wu wrote something called
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under the same name as the original work. A second season was produced in the late 1990s covering portions of the original work that the first season skipped over.
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1002:, in 630. Xuanzang traveled throughout India for the next thirteen years, visiting important Buddhist pilgrimage sites, studying at the ancient university at
2623:. Michigan classics in Chinese studies. Translated by Lin, Shuen-fu; Schulz, Larry James. Ann Arbor: Center for Chinese Studies, The University of Michigan.
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whatever he wishes (usually clones of himself to gain a numerical advantage in battle). Furthermore, he is a master of the 72 methods of transformation (
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Sun Wukong's childlike playfulness and often goofy impulsiveness is in contrast to his cunning mind. This, coupled with his great power, makes him a
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from a stone egg that forms from an ancient rock created by the coupling of Heaven and Earth. He first distinguishes himself by bravely entering the
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and Zhu Bajie, whose good deeds have always been tempered by his greed, is promoted to an altar cleanser (i.e. eater of excess offerings at altars).
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1840:), wrote the book because he wanted to create an opponent—in this case desire—that Sun could not defeat with his great strength and martial skill.
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Chapter 22, where Sha Wujing is introduced, also provides a geographical boundary, as the river that the travelers cross brings them into a new "
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The first part, which includes chapters 1–7, is a self-contained introduction to the main story. It deals entirely with the earlier exploits of
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627:, and has been described as arguably the most popular literary work in East Asia. It is widely known in English-speaking countries through
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It mentions nothing about a novel. The work in question could have been any version of our story, or something else entirely." Translator
682:, the monk and his three protectors journey to a mythical version of India and enlightenment through the power and virtue of cooperation.
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pilot was released to coincide with the theme, and was later picked up for production and released serially starting in September 2020.
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1863:. For many years, this was the most well-known translation available in English. The Waley translation has also been published as
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2170:; a modern comedy retelling that begins with the release of Sun Wukong/Son O-Gong and the reincarnation of Tang Sanzang/Samjang.
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1940:'s translation of selected chapters into lively contemporary English, with an extensive Introduction by Lovell and a Preface by
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3242:. Vol. 1. Translated by Jenner, William John Francis (Seventh ed.). Beijing: Foreign Languages Press. pp. 1–22.
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Pāramitā is the only son to make an appearance and to be called by name in the novel. These sons did not originally appear in
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Chapters 13–22 do not follow this structure precisely, as they introduce Tang Sanzang's disciples, who, inspired or goaded by
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1608:("cloud-pathway cave"), he was commissioned by Guanyin to accompany Tang Sanzang to India and given the new name Zhu Wuneng.
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between China and India. The geography described in the book is, however, almost entirely fantasy; once Tang Sanzang departs
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Sha Wujing's weapon is a magic wooden staff wrapped in pearly threads, although artwork and adaptations depict him with a
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was "already a part of Chinese folk and literary tradition in the form of "folk stories with informal language", a poetic
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Wang, Richard G.; Xu, Dongfeng (2016). "Three Decades' Reworking on the Monk, the Monkey, and the Fiction of Allegory".
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series, which was transcribed and written down, before the current version was written. Fragments of an earlier text,
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1278:, where, in a scene simultaneously mystical and comic, Tang Sanzang receives the scriptures from the living Buddha.
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It also made its way to the Mass Electronic Entertainment Media (Reimagined Video game adaptation) in 2009, titled
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in India, but encounters various evils along the way. The section is set in the sparsely populated lands along the
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of the story. On the other hand, it has been praised as "remarkably faithful to the original spirit of the work."
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It is a cornerstone text of Eastern fiction: its stature in Asian literary culture may be compared with that of
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The edition published by the Shidetang Hall of Jinling in 1592, considered the earliest printed version of the
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Chang, Kang-i Sun (2010). "Literature of the early Ming to mid-Ming (1375–1572)". In Chang, Kang-i Sun (ed.).
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are still reflective of certain Chinese religious attitudes today, while being the inspiration of many modern
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Here, these numbers are not assigned limits to Sun Wukong's power, but numbers often used to denote infinity.
1604:-pig monster. Zhu Bajie was very greedy, and could not survive without eating ravenously. Staying within the
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of Buddhism. Xuanzang died on 7 March 664. The Xingjiao Monastery was established in 669 to house his ashes.
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there was room to add additional episodes) they arrive at the half-real, half-legendary destination of
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to store the scriptures and icons he had brought back from India. He recorded his journey in the book
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2925:; 2003 edition in six volumes with original Chinese on left page, English translation on right page:
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Sun, Hongmei (2024). "Playing Journey to the West". In Guo, Li; Eyman, Douglas; Sun, Hongmei (eds.).
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2079:. Ho's pop-culture infused take on the story of the Monkey King has been performed to great acclaim.
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and commonly referred to by its title song, "Monkey Magic," is a Japanese television series starring
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Once an immortal who was the Marshal of the Heavenly Canopy commanding 100,000 naval soldiers of the
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662:, but embellishes it with fantasy elements from folk tales and the author's invention. In the story,
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Earliest known edition of the book, published by the Shidetang Hall of Jinling, from the 16th century
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as he is trapped in a magical dream world created by the Qing Fish Demon, the embodiment of desire (
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in 1592. Two earlier editions were published between 1522 and 1566, but no copies of them survived.
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1149:. In the story, Tang Sanzang is considered an allegorical representation of the human heart.
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was one of the earliest Chinese novels for which the authorship is officially documented.
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and broadcast from 1978 to 1980 on Nippon TV. It was translated into English by the BBC.
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After completion of the journey, Sun is granted the title of Victorious Fighting Buddha (
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manages to trap him under a mountain, sealing it with a talisman for five hundred years.
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1797:, qing). Sun travels back and forth through time, during which he serves as the adjunct
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3162:. Vol. 4 (Seventh ed.). Beijing: Foreign Languages Press. pp. 2341–2343.
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almost instantaneously. After angering several gods and coming to the attention of the
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3223:——— (1994). "The Journey to the West". In Miller, Barbara S. (ed.).
3029:"Gorgeous Action-RPG Black Myth: Wukong Revealed with Extended Gameplay Trailer - IGN"
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1450:. His antics present a lighter side in the long and dangerous trip into the unknown.
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series. Enduringly popular, the novel is at once a comic adventure story, a humorous
444:
3296:
Yu, Anthony C. (February 1983). "Two Literary Examples of Religious Pilgrimage: The
3081:
A Chinese Classic Journeys to the West: Julia Lovell’s Translation of 'Monkey King'"
2741:
2145:," since none of the core cast are of Chinese descent, with two of the leads having
1388:'s pills of immortality. He defeats an army of 100,000 celestial troops, led by the
1115:
through his early biography and the background to his great journey. Dismayed that "
4841:
4801:
4647:
4637:
4444:
4401:
4292:
4093:
3510:
3460:
3197:
2960:"'Monkey Magic' Returns As Filming Begins On 'The Legend of Monkey' In New Zealand"
2290:
2211:
2101:
1999:
1995:
1937:
1860:
1825:
1806:
1506:
1480:
1377:
1275:
1158:
1120:
1112:
971:
955:
802:
762:
701:
628:
616:
370:
302:
250:
107:
4218:
4211:
2677:
1809:, takes on the appearance of a beautiful concubine and causes the downfall of the
3364:
4877:
4757:
4753:
4601:
4282:
4162:
4053:
3931:
3455:
2234:
2161:
2150:
2128:
2109:
1991:
1810:
1790:
1620:
1534:
1393:
1319:
1206:
1190:
1166:
1124:
1060:
991:
951:
943:
923:
758:
713:
667:
3112:"The Journey to the West: A Platform for Learning About China Past and Present"
3076:, Cotsen Children's Library blog, Princeton, 12 Feb 2016. Accessed 22 Aug 2024.
1123:) knows only greed, hedonism, promiscuity, and sins," the Buddha instructs the
753:
4748:
4701:
4611:
4183:
4045:
4037:
3864:
3816:
3588:
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3520:
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2283:
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2201:
1761:
1636:
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1228:
1217:
987:
983:
774:
675:
663:
295:
178:
134:
2380:"Journey to the West | Author, Summary, Characters, & Facts | Britannica"
5014:
4911:
4679:
3490:
3485:
3465:
2262:
2024:
1832:
take place between the end of chapter 61 and the beginning of chapter 62 of
1741:
1593:
1549:
1381:
1373:
1324:
1232:
1213:
1194:
1162:
975:
770:
671:
318:
2670:
2406:"Monkeying Around with the Nobel Prize: Wu Chen'en's "Journey to the West""
1485:
1043:
870:
as the outcome of a writing game which was popular among Chinese literati.
46:
3278:"Julia Lovell on the Monkey King's Travels Across Borders: A Conversation"
1641:
1339:) (pinyin: sūnwùkōng) is the name given to this character by his teacher,
4684:
4591:
4355:
3348:
2986:"The New Legends of Monkey writer responds to 'whitewashing' accusations"
2097:
2050:
1818:
1601:
1348:
999:
995:
962:'s ban on travel. Helped by sympathetic Buddhists, Xuanzang traveled via
947:
931:
910:
737:
653:
645:
641:
542:
339:
3385:
1051:
The novel has 100 chapters that can be divided into four unequal parts.
17:
4918:
4738:
4586:
3530:
3480:
3003:
2725:
2124:
2064:
1898:
1802:
1721:
1672:
1537:
1440:
1340:
1296:
1193:(or just "Monkey"), whose given name loosely means "Monkey Awakened to
1182:
1131:
1003:
967:
837:
816:
793:, features captioned cross-page illustrations depicting various scenes.
736:
of Chinese bureaucracy, a source of spiritual insight, and an extended
640:
The novel is a fictionalized account of the pilgrimage of the Chinese
5006:
4887:
4821:
4773:
4733:
4728:
4616:
4606:
4197:
4077:
3848:
3371:
1344:
1096:
979:
733:
721:
717:
705:
606:
463:
4465:
2743:
Heritage of China: Contemporary Perspectives on Chinese Civilisation
2717:
3337:. Vol. 1. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. pp. 1–96.
3317:
3260:
2173:
In August 2020, Game Science Studios announced a video game called
1554:
1145:, who previously escaped death with the help of an official in the
1032:
652:
in the 7th century AD to seek out and collect Buddhist scriptures (
4861:
4743:
4712:
4674:
4621:
4545:
3394:
2548:. Translated by Arthur Waley. New York: Grove Press. pp. 1–5.
2146:
1985:
1757:
1714:
1700:
1679:
1658:
1640:
1553:
1529:, an appellation for India in ancient China) to retrieve original
1484:
1424:
1420:
1397:
1385:
1323:
1292:
1255:
1170:
1042:
1031:
963:
922:
914:
882:
784:
752:
729:
725:
656:). The novel retains the broad outline of Xuanzang's own account,
649:
528:
3056:
The Cambridge History of Chinese Literature, Volume II: From 1375
2747:. Berkeley: University of California Press. p. 321 note 12.
4806:
4718:
4696:
4540:
3083:, Los Angeles Review of Books, 5 Oct 2021. Accessed 22 Aug 2024.
2739:
Ropp, Paul S. (1990). "The Distinctive Art of Chinese Fiction".
2621:
The Tower of Myriad Mirrors: A Supplement to Journey to the West
1728:
1693:
1666:
1146:
4469:
4359:
3406:
3158:
Jenner, William John Francis (1984). "Translator's Afterword".
2704:(1977). "Review: "The Journey to the West" by Anthony C. Yu".
2137:, to premiere globally in 2018. The series, which is based on
2028:
1707:
1686:
1569:, literally "Pig of the Eight Prohibitions") is also known as
1439:
Sun's behavior is checked by a band placed around his head by
1369:
1068:
615:) is a Chinese novel published in the 16th century during the
2676:. Translated by Arthur Waley. New York: Grove Press. p.
1533:
for China. Although he is helpless in defending himself, the
382:
3605:
Doraemon: The Record of Nobita's Parallel Visit to the West
2057:
Doraemon: The Record of Nobita's Parallel Visit to the West
1169:, the Tang capital, and crosses the frontier (somewhere in
1010:
of Great Maternal Grace), where he led the building of the
3225:
Masterworks of Asian Literature in Comparative Perspective
3204:. Princeton: Princeton University Press. pp. 183–276.
3180:
Kao, Karl S.Y. (October 1974). "An Archetypal Approach to
851:
More recent scholarship casts doubts on this attribution.
358:
344:
330:
1521:" in many English versions of the story. He set off for
309:
2542:
Hu Shih (1942). "Introduction". In Arthur Waley (ed.).
2027:
and International Television Films in association with
1925:. Translated by Julia Lovell. New York: Penguin. 2021.
1246:(literally "White Dragon Horse"), the third son of the
2367:
is probably the most popular book in all of East Asia.
1227:
The third, appearing in chapter 22, is the river ogre
570:
3391:
Chinese text with embedded Chinese-English dictionary
2456:
2454:
2452:
2450:
2077:
Journey Beyond the West: The New Adventures of Monkey
1967:(1982–84), a complete translation in four volumes by
1957:(1977–83), a complete translation in four volumes by
283:
269:
255:
2592:
Games & Play in Chinese & Sinophone Cultures
491:
5038:
4896:
4870:
4794:
4630:
4564:
4503:
4436:
4393:
4316:
4275:
4235:
4119:
4029:
4010:
3891:
3800:
3793:
3774:
3647:
3556:
3549:
3446:
1971:. Readable translation without scholarly apparatus.
1141:) and comes about being sent on this pilgrimage by
564:
559:
541:
527:
522:
508:
503:
485:
480:
462:
457:
443:
438:
424:
419:
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376:
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352:
338:
324:
317:
301:
294:
277:
263:
249:
242:
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225:
211:
197:
192:
164:
152:
140:
130:
114:
103:
88:
78:
66:
56:
3128:
2740:
2669:
1879:, and in a further abridged version for children,
1036:18th-century Chinese illustration of a scene from
5029:Notes of the Thatched Abode of Close Observations
3047:Xuan Zhang's mission to the West with Monkey King
2153:, is of half-Asian (his father is Thai) descent.
1801:and judges the soul of the recently dead traitor
3353:from the Gutenberg Project (Traditional Chinese)
3135:. New York: Columbia University Press. pp.
2108:. The main protagonist 'Monkey' is portrayed by
1982:List of media adaptations of Journey to the West
430:
3833:Journey to the West: Legends of the Monkey King
3381:by Chen Huiguan, with a summary of each chapter
1573:("Pig Awakened to Power"), and given the name "
1423:'s pills of immortality, and being tempered in
757:The four protagonists, from left to right: the
514:
3333:——— (2012). "Introduction".
3127:Hsia, C.T. (1968). "The Journey to the West".
1656:, "Sand Awakened to Purity"), given the name "
1400:. Eventually, the Jade Emperor appeals to the
1063:, a monkey born from a stone nourished by the
547:
533:
5147:Chinese novels adapted into television series
4481:
4371:
3418:
3233:
3058:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 1–62.
1782:, "A Supplement to the Journey to the West,"
217:
203:
170:
70:
8:
3169:"Journeys to the East, 'Journey to the West"
2557:
2555:
468:
39:
3744:Journey to the West: The Demons Strike Back
1501:, meaning "Tripitaka Master of Tang," with
1111:The second part (chapters 8–12) introduces
708:and Buddhist folklore, and the pantheon of
5152:Depictions of Gautama Buddha in literature
4488:
4474:
4466:
4378:
4364:
4356:
3797:
3712:Journey to the West: Conquering the Demons
3553:
3425:
3411:
3403:
3227:. New York: M.E. Sharpe. pp. 272–284.
3214:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
3149:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
3101:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
2780:Van Fleet, John Darwin (31 January 2021).
958:. He left Chang'an in 629, in defiance of
896:Regardless of the origins and authorship,
556:
477:
449:
234:
45:
38:
4252:Griever: An American Monkey King in China
3365:Story of Sun Wukong and the beginning of
3276:Wasserstrom, Jeffrey (10 December 2020).
3167:——— (3 February 2016).
2088:, which was released in October 2010 for
1627:for eternity by eating excess offerings.
1017:Great Tang Records on the Western Regions
982:. He then crossed regions that are today
840:, literary scholar, former Chancellor of
659:Great Tang Records on the Western Regions
3091:. Singapore: Singapore University Press.
2485:
2483:
2481:
2131:on a new live-action television series,
1212:The second, appearing in chapter 19, is
3783:A Supplement to the Journey to the West
2338:
2303:
1006:, and debating the rivals of Buddhism.
5187:Novels set in 7th-century Tang dynasty
3207:
3202:The Four Masterworks of the Ming Novel
3142:
3094:
2655:
2643:
2585:
2583:
2581:
2579:
2489:
2309:
2307:
2063:In 1997, Brooklyn-based jazz composer
1309:List of Journey to the West characters
360:
285:
3089:Mythic and Comic Aspects of the Quest
2941:
2881:
2767:
2460:
2127:announced production was underway in
2006:, Shanghai, China on 19 December 2014
1844:Notable English-language translations
7:
4149:Ganso Saiyūki: Super Monkey Daibōken
3948:The Monkey King: Quest for the Sutra
3110:Gray, Gordon; Wang, Jianfen (2019).
2668:Wu Ch'eng-en; Arthur Waley (1984) .
2499:
2497:
2029:NHK (Japan Broadcasting Corporation)
1906:In 2006, an abridged version of the
1745:part of the pilgrimage to the West.
32:Journey to the West (disambiguation)
4975:Strange Tales from a Chinese Studio
3972:Wu Cheng'en and Journey to the West
2437:"ANiMAL-Art Science Nature Society"
2048:In 1988, the Japanese anime series
1859:(1942), an abridged translation by
1817:, one of his five sons born to the
1047:An illustrated edition of the story
919:Porcelain pillow showing characters
891:Journey to the West as Storytelling
4577:Three Sovereigns and Five Emperors
3817:Science Fiction Saiyuki Starzinger
3597:The Monkey King Conquers the Demon
2893:Foreign Languages Press Beijing. (
2529:
2472:
2345:
2060:which is based on the same story.
2015:, also known by its English title
2002:performers, from a performance in
1343:, the latter part of which means "
25:
5142:Chinese novels adapted into films
4996:What the Master Would Not Discuss
2917:); 1993 edition in four volumes:
2562:Lattimore, David (6 March 1983).
866:One interpretive tradition views
516:Баруун этгээдэд зорчсон тэмдэглэл
3361:from Xahlee (Simplified Chinese)
2958:Whitehead, Mat (20 April 2017).
2218:
2204:
1923:Monkey King: Journey to the West
1824:, on the battlefield during the
1189:The first is Sun Wukong, or the
5061:The Cowherd and the Weaver Girl
5054:Dong Yong and the Seventh Fairy
2619:Dong, Yue; Wu, Chengẻn (2000).
2036:China Central Television (CCTV)
1489:An illustration of Tang Sanzang
797:The modern 100-chapter form of
623:. It is regarded as one of the
383:
359:
345:
331:
310:
229:"Record of the Western Journey"
5022:Records of the Grand Historian
3049:. New Delhi: Aditya Prakashan.
2984:Ma, Wenlei (26 January 2018).
2596:University of Washington Press
2115:On 20 April 2017, Australia's
1837:
1794:
1779:
1653:
1566:
1526:
1498:
1463:
1458:
1454:
1433:
1336:
1205:, and is often nicknamed the "
1135:
1088:
1080:
631:'s 1942 abridged translation,
611:
602:
571:
492:
284:
270:
256:
218:
204:
1:
5222:Works of uncertain authorship
4989:In Search of the Supernatural
4905:Classic of Mountains and Seas
4410:Romance of the Three Kingdoms
4324:List of media adaptations of
4135:Enslaved: Odyssey to the West
2363:Monkey: A Journey to the West
2270:Romance of the Three Kingdoms
2249:Enslaved: Odyssey to the West
2085:Enslaved: Odyssey to the West
1910:translation was published by
1783:
1645:An illustration of Shā Wùjìng
1351:" (in the Waley translation,
1328:An illustration of Sun Wukong
1099:proves his downfall when the
974:(Hami), thence following the
826:is traditionally ascribed to
781:in the Summer Palace, Beijing
120:
5162:Literature about pilgrimages
3736:A Chinese Odyssey Part Three
3621:Monkey King vs. Er Lang Shen
3399:Journey to the West(English)
3045:Bhat, R. B.; Wu, C. (2014).
1865:Adventures of the Monkey God
1856:Monkey: A Folk-Tale of China
1615:His weapon of choice is the
1558:An illustration of Zhu Bajie
1067:, who learns the art of the
998:, in what is today northern
5227:Works published anonymously
5107:16th-century Chinese novels
4445:The Plum in the Golden Vase
4267:Four Great Classical Novels
4019:Monkey: Journey to the West
3282:Los Angeles Review of Books
3173:Los Angeles Review of Books
2806:University of Chicago Press
2411:Los Angeles Review of Books
1969:William John Francis Jenner
1912:University of Chicago Press
1873:Monkey: Folk Novel of China
1417:Dragon King of the East Sea
1355:); he is often called the "
1248:Dragon King of the West Sea
5243:
5182:Novels adapted into operas
5177:Monkeys in popular culture
4205:Westward Journey Online II
3672:The Cave of the Silken Web
3656:The Cave of the Silken Web
2192:animated television series
2106:Bandai Namco Entertainment
1979:
1772:The brief satirical novel
1634:
1547:
1478:
1317:
1306:
908:
29:
5217:Taoism in popular culture
5075:Mulian Rescues His Mother
5047:Legend of the White Snake
4170:Monkey King: Hero Is Back
3996:The New Legends of Monkey
3629:Monkey King: Hero Is Back
3234:
3131:The Classic Chinese Novel
2149:ancestry while only one,
2134:The New Legends of Monkey
2073:Brooklyn Academy of Music
2067:premiered his jazz opera
1756:He eventually becomes an
586:
582:
555:
548:
534:
515:
476:
469:
450:
233:
188:
184:
171:
142:Published in English
71:
44:
4947:The Peach Blossom Spring
4426:Dream of the Red Chamber
4142:Fantasy Westward Journey
3238:(1999). "Introduction".
2242:Dream of the Red Chamber
1998:monkeys as portrayed by
1877:The Adventures of Monkey
1836:. The author, Dong Yue (
1742:Queen Mother of the West
1475:Tang Sanzang / Tripitaka
1314:Sun Wukong / Monkey King
1295:, Bai Long Ma is made a
1291:, Sha Wujing becomes an
1233:Queen Mother of the West
857:The Journey to the West.
199:Traditional Chinese
5167:Ming dynasty literature
5068:The Magic Lotus Lantern
4961:Investiture of the Gods
3249:The Journal of Religion
2564:"The Complete 'Monkey'"
2509:Encyclopedia Britannica
2156:More recently in 2017,
2054:released a movie named
1955:The Journey to the West
1916:The Monkey and the Monk
1022:Dharma character school
960:Emperor Taizong of Tang
749:Creation and authorship
415:အနောက်သို့ခရီးသွားခြင်း
213:Simplified Chinese
93:Gods and demons fiction
5137:Chinese fantasy novels
5127:Chinese classic novels
4883:Peaches of Immortality
4708:Chinese guardian lions
4631:Mythological creatures
4387:Classic Chinese Novels
3924:Journey to the West II
3881:SD Gundam World Heroes
3541:Dapeng Jinchi Mingwang
2782:"Monkey King (Review)"
2441:National Palace Museum
2256:The God of High School
2100:. It was developed by
2007:
1646:
1559:
1490:
1329:
1214:Zhu Wuneng / Zhu Bajie
1048:
1040:
934:
920:
794:
782:
431:
5132:Chinese comedy novels
4968:The Sorcerer's Revolt
4556:Chinese folk religion
4191:Saiyuki: Journey West
4102:American Born Chinese
3704:The Forbidden Kingdom
3087:Fu, James S. (1977).
2786:Asian Review of Books
2505:"Journey to the West"
2160:and Netflix hosted a
2038:produced and aired a
1989:
1892:The literary scholar
1644:
1557:
1488:
1361:Flower Fruit Mountain
1327:
1307:Further information:
1117:the land of the South
1093:celestial bureaucracy
1046:
1035:
1012:Big Wild Goose Pagoda
928:Big Wild Goose Pagoda
926:
918:
803:Southern Song dynasty
788:
777:, as depicted on the
756:
690:Chinese folk religion
670:(the "Monkey King"),
27:Classic Chinese novel
4516:Godly world concepts
4332:Monkey King Festival
3688:A Chinese Tall Story
3306:History of Religions
3116:Education About Asia
2656:Dong & Wu (2000)
2644:Dong & Wu (2000)
2424:in European letters.
2418:The Canterbury Tales
2186:released the theme,
1621:nine-tooth iron rake
873:The overall plot of
688:has strong roots in
625:great Chinese novels
487:Revised Romanization
148:1977–1983 (complete)
99:, fantasy, adventure
40:Journey to the West
30:For other uses, see
5207:Pilgrimage accounts
5192:Novels set in Xi'an
5172:Ming dynasty novels
5097:Journey to the West
4982:Journey to the West
4437:Additional classics
4418:Journey to the West
4413:(late 14th century)
4394:Four Classic Novels
4343:Journey to the West
4326:Journey to the West
3980:Journey to the West
3964:Journey to the West
3916:Journey to the West
3908:Journey to the West
3439:Journey to the West
3396:Journey to the West
3387:Journey to the West
3379:Journey to the West
3367:Journey to the West
3358:Journey to the West
3350:Journey to the West
3335:Journey to the West
3302:Journey to the West
3240:Journey to the West
3160:Journey to the West
2770:, pp. 274–275.
2414:. 13 October 2013.
2324:Journey to the West
2139:Journey to the West
2069:Journey to the East
2042:Journey to the West
1965:Journey to the West
1834:Journey to the West
1585:", or just simply "
1531:Buddhist scriptures
1411:is his staff, the "
1390:Four Heavenly Kings
1085:traditional Chinese
1038:Journey to the West
939:Journey to the West
898:Journey to the West
875:Journey to the West
868:Journey to the West
846:Journey to the West
824:Journey to the West
813:Journey to the West
808:Yongle Encyclopedia
799:Journey to the West
791:Journey to the West
686:Journey to the West
648:, who journeyed to
594:Journey to the West
67:Original title
41:
5202:Pigs in literature
5003:Heavenly Questions
4817:Gate of the Ghosts
4572:Gods and immortals
4536:Gods and immortals
4429:(mid-18th century)
4405:(mid-14th century)
4226:Black Myth: Wukong
4128:Ether Saga Odyssey
4038:Patalliro Saiyuki!
3865:Patalliro Saiyuki!
3573:Alakazam the Great
3476:White Dragon Horse
2569:The New York Times
2443:. 26 January 2019.
2384:www.britannica.com
2176:Black Myth: Wukong
2008:
1869:Monkey to the West
1647:
1631:Sha Wujing / Sandy
1560:
1491:
1365:Water Curtain Cave
1330:
1077:simplified Chinese
1049:
1041:
950:) during the late
935:
921:
822:The authorship of
795:
783:
767:White Dragon Horse
680:White Dragon Horse
619:and attributed to
510:Mongolian Cyrillic
5197:Picaresque novels
5117:Books about India
5112:Books about China
5084:
5083:
4954:The Four Journeys
4497:Chinese mythology
4463:
4462:
4353:
4352:
4346:(2008 soundtrack)
4260:Tripmaster Monkey
4006:
4005:
3770:
3769:
3760:The Monkey King 3
3728:The Monkey King 2
3680:A Chinese Odyssey
3664:Princess Iron Fan
3565:Princess Iron Fan
3506:Six-Eared Macaque
3496:Princess Iron Fan
3065:978-0-521-85559-4
3031:. 20 August 2020.
2923:978-7-119-01663-4
2475:, pp. 17–18.
2298:Explanatory notes
2182:On May 16, 2020,
2104:and published by
2090:Microsoft Windows
2040:TV adaptation of
1976:Media adaptations
1822:Princess Iron Fan
1813:, and even faces
1544:Zhu Bajie / Pigsy
1513:referring to the
1505:referring to the
1467:) and ascends to
1359:". He is born on
1260:flaming mountains
881:, and a six-part
842:Peking University
815:was published in
805:(1127–1279). The
694:Chinese mythology
590:
589:
578:
577:
499:
498:
400:
399:
326:Yale Romanization
244:Standard Mandarin
131:Publication place
97:Chinese mythology
16:(Redirected from
5234:
5039:Other folk tales
4769:Nine-headed Bird
4764:Peng (mythology)
4670:Four Holy Beasts
4565:Major personages
4490:
4483:
4476:
4467:
4380:
4373:
4366:
4357:
4156:Legend of Wukong
4030:Manga and comics
3988:A Korean Odyssey
3809:Gokū no Daibōken
3798:
3613:Saiyuki: Requiem
3554:
3427:
3420:
3413:
3404:
3338:
3329:
3292:
3290:
3288:
3272:
3243:
3237:
3236:
3228:
3219:
3213:
3205:
3193:
3176:
3163:
3154:
3148:
3140:
3134:
3123:
3106:
3100:
3092:
3069:
3050:
3033:
3032:
3025:
3019:
3018:
3016:
3014:
3000:
2994:
2993:
2981:
2975:
2974:
2972:
2970:
2955:
2949:
2939:
2933:
2891:
2885:
2879:
2873:
2803:
2797:
2796:
2794:
2792:
2777:
2771:
2765:
2759:
2758:
2746:
2736:
2730:
2729:
2712:(5): 1116–1118.
2698:
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2635:
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2391:
2386:. 21 August 2024
2376:
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2311:
2228:
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2222:
2214:
2209:
2208:
2207:
2167:A Korean Odyssey
2004:Tianchan Theatre
1936:
1914:under the title
1839:
1828:. The events of
1796:
1788:
1785:
1781:
1655:
1568:
1528:
1500:
1465:
1464:dòu zhànshèng fó
1460:
1456:
1435:
1353:Aware-of-Vacuity
1338:
1239:without thought.
1137:
1090:
1082:
905:Historical basis
853:Brown University
710:Taoist immortals
698:Chinese Buddhism
613:
604:
574:
573:
557:
551:
550:
537:
536:
518:
517:
495:
494:
478:
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453:
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434:
396:
395:
390:Sai iû kì (
365:
364:
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348:
347:
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125:
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116:Publication date
110:, 7th century AD
74:
73:
49:
42:
21:
5242:
5241:
5237:
5236:
5235:
5233:
5232:
5231:
5122:Buddhist novels
5087:
5086:
5085:
5080:
5034:
4892:
4866:
4832:Kunlun Mountain
4790:
4779:Nine-tailed fox
4626:
4582:Eight Immortals
4560:
4504:Overview topics
4499:
4494:
4464:
4459:
4432:
4389:
4384:
4354:
4349:
4337:Ruyi Jingu Bang
4312:
4288:Gao Village Arc
4271:
4231:
4115:
4070:The Monkey King
4025:
4002:
3940:The Monkey King
3887:
3873:Lego Monkie Kid
3789:
3766:
3720:The Monkey King
3643:
3637:The Monkey King
3581:Havoc in Heaven
3545:
3516:Zhenyuan Daxian
3501:Bull Demon King
3442:
3431:
3345:
3332:
3295:
3286:
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3206:
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3179:
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3157:
3141:
3126:
3109:
3093:
3086:
3079:Chen, Minjie, "
3072:Chen, Minjie, "
3066:
3053:
3044:
3041:
3039:Further reading
3036:
3027:
3026:
3022:
3012:
3010:
3002:
3001:
2997:
2983:
2982:
2978:
2968:
2966:
2964:Huffington Post
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2892:
2888:
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2800:
2790:
2788:
2779:
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2774:
2766:
2762:
2755:
2738:
2737:
2733:
2718:10.2307/2906900
2700:
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2688:
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2666:
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2638:
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2606:
2594:. Seattle, WA:
2589:
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2528:
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2459:
2448:
2435:
2434:
2430:
2404:
2403:
2399:
2389:
2387:
2378:
2377:
2373:
2359:Kherdian, David
2357:
2356:
2352:
2344:
2340:
2336:
2331:
2330:
2321:
2317:
2312:
2305:
2300:
2224:
2217:
2210:
2205:
2203:
2200:
2188:Lego Monkie Kid
1984:
1978:
1951:
1933:
1921:
1894:Andrew H. Plaks
1851:
1846:
1786:
1770:
1639:
1633:
1552:
1546:
1483:
1477:
1413:Ruyi Jingu Bang
1322:
1316:
1311:
1305:
1284:
1155:
1143:Emperor Taizong
1109:
1057:
1030:
913:
907:
861:W. J. F. Jenner
751:
746:
420:Vietnamese name
389:
384:Se iû kì (
305:
226:Literal meaning
167:
157:
147:
146:1942 (abridged)
143:
123:
117:
52:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
5240:
5238:
5230:
5229:
5224:
5219:
5214:
5209:
5204:
5199:
5194:
5189:
5184:
5179:
5174:
5169:
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5139:
5134:
5129:
5124:
5119:
5114:
5109:
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5064:
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5036:
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5033:
5032:
5025:
5018:
5011:
4999:
4992:
4985:
4978:
4971:
4964:
4957:
4950:
4943:
4936:
4933:Shenxian Zhuan
4929:
4922:
4915:
4908:
4900:
4898:
4897:Literary works
4894:
4893:
4891:
4890:
4885:
4880:
4874:
4872:
4868:
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4865:
4864:
4859:
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4809:
4804:
4798:
4796:
4792:
4791:
4789:
4788:
4781:
4776:
4771:
4766:
4761:
4758:Four Evildoers
4751:
4746:
4741:
4736:
4731:
4726:
4721:
4716:
4710:
4705:
4699:
4694:
4693:
4692:
4687:
4682:
4677:
4667:
4666:
4665:
4660:
4658:Vermilion Bird
4655:
4650:
4645:
4643:Black Tortoise
4634:
4632:
4628:
4627:
4625:
4624:
4619:
4614:
4609:
4604:
4599:
4597:Yellow Emperor
4594:
4589:
4584:
4579:
4574:
4568:
4566:
4562:
4561:
4559:
4558:
4553:
4548:
4543:
4538:
4533:
4531:Shenmo fiction
4528:
4523:
4518:
4513:
4507:
4505:
4501:
4500:
4495:
4493:
4492:
4485:
4478:
4470:
4461:
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4457:
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4422:
4414:
4406:
4397:
4395:
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4375:
4368:
4360:
4351:
4350:
4348:
4347:
4339:
4334:
4329:
4320:
4318:
4314:
4313:
4311:
4310:
4305:
4303:Tongtian River
4300:
4295:
4290:
4285:
4279:
4277:
4273:
4272:
4270:
4269:
4264:
4256:
4248:
4239:
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4229:
4222:
4215:
4208:
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4173:
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4159:
4152:
4145:
4138:
4131:
4123:
4121:
4117:
4116:
4114:
4113:
4106:
4098:
4090:
4086:Monkey Typhoon
4082:
4074:
4066:
4058:
4050:
4042:
4033:
4031:
4027:
4026:
4024:
4023:
4014:
4012:
4008:
4007:
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4003:
4001:
4000:
3992:
3984:
3976:
3968:
3960:
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3928:
3920:
3912:
3904:
3895:
3893:
3889:
3888:
3886:
3885:
3877:
3869:
3861:
3857:Monkey Typhoon
3853:
3845:
3837:
3829:
3821:
3813:
3804:
3802:
3795:
3791:
3790:
3788:
3787:
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3644:
3642:
3641:
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3625:
3617:
3609:
3601:
3593:
3585:
3577:
3569:
3560:
3558:
3551:
3547:
3546:
3544:
3543:
3538:
3536:Maori Xingguan
3533:
3528:
3523:
3518:
3513:
3508:
3503:
3498:
3493:
3488:
3483:
3478:
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3444:
3443:
3432:
3430:
3429:
3422:
3415:
3407:
3401:
3400:
3392:
3383:
3377:200 images of
3374:
3362:
3354:
3344:
3343:External links
3341:
3340:
3339:
3330:
3318:10.1086/462922
3312:(3): 202–230.
3293:
3273:
3261:10.1086/683988
3255:(1): 102–121.
3244:
3229:
3220:
3194:
3186:Tamkang Review
3177:
3164:
3155:
3124:
3107:
3084:
3077:
3070:
3064:
3051:
3040:
3037:
3035:
3034:
3020:
3004:"Chai Romruen"
2995:
2976:
2950:
2934:
2886:
2884:, p. 283.
2874:
2798:
2772:
2760:
2753:
2731:
2693:
2686:
2660:
2658:, p. 133.
2648:
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2575:
2551:
2534:
2522:
2493:
2477:
2465:
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2428:
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2266:
2259:
2252:
2245:
2238:
2230:
2229:
2215:
2199:
2196:
2184:The Lego Group
2034:In the 1980s,
2023:, produced by
1980:Main article:
1977:
1974:
1973:
1972:
1962:
1950:
1947:
1946:
1945:
1942:Gene Luen Yang
1931:
1919:
1903:
1902:
1889:
1888:
1850:
1847:
1845:
1842:
1769:
1766:
1635:Main article:
1632:
1629:
1589:" in English.
1548:Main article:
1545:
1542:
1479:Main article:
1476:
1473:
1448:trickster hero
1409:primary weapon
1318:Main article:
1315:
1312:
1304:
1301:
1283:
1280:
1252:
1251:
1242:The fourth is
1240:
1225:
1210:
1154:
1151:
1128:Avalokiteśvara
1108:
1105:
1073:Qitian Dasheng
1056:
1053:
1029:
1026:
909:Main article:
906:
903:
750:
747:
745:
742:
588:
587:
584:
583:
580:
579:
576:
575:
568:
562:
561:
560:Transcriptions
553:
552:
545:
539:
538:
531:
525:
524:
520:
519:
512:
506:
505:
504:Mongolian name
501:
500:
497:
496:
489:
483:
482:
481:Transcriptions
474:
473:
466:
460:
459:
455:
454:
447:
441:
440:
436:
435:
428:
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421:
417:
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397:
380:
374:
373:
367:
366:
356:
350:
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342:
336:
335:
328:
322:
321:
319:Yue: Cantonese
315:
314:
307:
299:
298:
292:
291:
281:
275:
274:
267:
261:
260:
253:
247:
246:
240:
239:
238:Transcriptions
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230:
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223:
222:
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209:
208:
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195:
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190:
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186:
185:
182:
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132:
128:
127:
118:
115:
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105:
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100:
90:
86:
85:
80:
76:
75:
68:
64:
63:
58:
54:
53:
50:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5239:
5228:
5225:
5223:
5220:
5218:
5215:
5213:
5212:Shenmo novels
5210:
5208:
5205:
5203:
5200:
5198:
5195:
5193:
5190:
5188:
5185:
5183:
5180:
5178:
5175:
5173:
5170:
5168:
5165:
5163:
5160:
5158:
5155:
5153:
5150:
5148:
5145:
5143:
5140:
5138:
5135:
5133:
5130:
5128:
5125:
5123:
5120:
5118:
5115:
5113:
5110:
5108:
5105:
5103:
5100:
5098:
5095:
5094:
5092:
5077:
5076:
5072:
5070:
5069:
5065:
5063:
5062:
5058:
5056:
5055:
5051:
5049:
5048:
5044:
5043:
5041:
5037:
5031:
5030:
5026:
5024:
5023:
5019:
5017:
5016:
5012:
5010:
5008:
5004:
5000:
4998:
4997:
4993:
4991:
4990:
4986:
4984:
4983:
4979:
4977:
4976:
4972:
4970:
4969:
4965:
4963:
4962:
4958:
4956:
4955:
4951:
4949:
4948:
4944:
4942:
4941:
4937:
4935:
4934:
4930:
4928:
4927:
4926:Liexian Zhuan
4923:
4921:
4920:
4916:
4914:
4913:
4909:
4907:
4906:
4902:
4901:
4899:
4895:
4889:
4886:
4884:
4881:
4879:
4876:
4875:
4873:
4869:
4863:
4860:
4858:
4855:
4853:
4850:
4848:
4845:
4843:
4840:
4838:
4835:
4833:
4830:
4828:
4827:Jade Mountain
4825:
4823:
4820:
4818:
4815:
4813:
4812:Eight Pillars
4810:
4808:
4805:
4803:
4800:
4799:
4797:
4793:
4787:
4786:
4782:
4780:
4777:
4775:
4772:
4770:
4767:
4765:
4762:
4759:
4755:
4752:
4750:
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4745:
4742:
4740:
4737:
4735:
4732:
4730:
4727:
4725:
4722:
4720:
4717:
4714:
4711:
4709:
4706:
4703:
4700:
4698:
4695:
4691:
4690:Spirit turtle
4688:
4686:
4683:
4681:
4678:
4676:
4673:
4672:
4671:
4668:
4664:
4663:Yellow Dragon
4661:
4659:
4656:
4654:
4651:
4649:
4646:
4644:
4641:
4640:
4639:
4636:
4635:
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4623:
4620:
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4615:
4613:
4610:
4608:
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4537:
4534:
4532:
4529:
4527:
4524:
4522:
4519:
4517:
4514:
4512:
4511:Creation myth
4509:
4508:
4506:
4502:
4498:
4491:
4486:
4484:
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4477:
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4471:
4468:
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4340:
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4335:
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4330:
4328:
4327:
4322:
4321:
4319:
4315:
4309:
4306:
4304:
4301:
4299:
4298:Shuilian Cave
4296:
4294:
4291:
4289:
4286:
4284:
4281:
4280:
4278:
4274:
4268:
4265:
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3198:Plaks, Andrew
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3074:Monkey Craze"
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2931:7-119-03216-X
2928:
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2915:0-8351-1364-7
2912:
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2907:0-8351-1193-8
2904:
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2899:0-8351-1003-6
2896:
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2870:0-226-97154-6
2867:
2863:
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2859:
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2854:0-226-97151-1
2851:
2847:
2846:0-226-97150-3
2843:
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2838:0-226-97148-1
2835:
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2827:
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2822:0-226-97146-5
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2702:Plaks, Andrew
2697:
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2687:9780802130860
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2605:9780295752402
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2531:
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2511:. 10 May 2023
2510:
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2500:
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2463:, p. 55.
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2365:. p. 7.
2364:
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2226:Novels portal
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2094:PlayStation 3
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2026:
2022:
2021:Masaaki Sakai
2018:
2014:
2013:
2012:Saiyūki (西遊記)
2005:
2001:
1997:
1993:
1988:
1983:
1975:
1970:
1966:
1963:
1960:
1959:Anthony C. Yu
1956:
1953:
1952:
1948:
1943:
1939:
1934:
1932:9780143107187
1928:
1924:
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1917:
1913:
1909:
1908:Anthony C. Yu
1905:
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1065:Five Elements
1062:
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1019:
1018:
1013:
1007:
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985:
981:
978:mountains to
977:
973:
969:
965:
961:
957:
953:
949:
946:(present-day
945:
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871:
869:
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849:
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843:
839:
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832:Anthony C. Yu
829:
825:
820:
818:
814:
810:
809:
804:
800:
792:
787:
780:
779:Long Corridor
776:
772:
768:
764:
760:
755:
748:
743:
741:
739:
735:
731:
727:
723:
719:
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712:and Buddhist
711:
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523:Japanese name
521:
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346:Sai1jau4 gei3
343:
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169:
166:Original text
163:
159:
156:
155:Dewey Decimal
151:
145:
139:
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119:
113:
109:
106:
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62:
59:
55:
48:
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37:
33:
19:
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4938:
4931:
4924:
4917:
4910:
4903:
4842:Moving Sands
4784:
4704:(Fox spirit)
4648:Azure Dragon
4638:Four Symbols
4453:The Scholars
4451:
4443:
4424:
4417:
4416:
4408:
4402:Water Margin
4400:
4341:
4325:
4308:Liusha River
4293:Mount Huaguo
4263:(1989 novel)
4258:
4255:(1986 novel)
4250:
4247:(1942 novel)
4242:
4224:
4217:
4210:
4203:
4196:
4189:
4182:
4177:Monkey Magic
4175:
4168:
4161:
4154:
4147:
4140:
4133:
4126:
4108:
4100:
4092:
4084:
4076:
4068:
4060:
4052:
4044:
4036:
4017:
3994:
3986:
3978:
3970:
3962:
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3930:
3922:
3914:
3906:
3898:
3879:
3871:
3863:
3855:
3847:
3839:
3831:
3825:Monkey Magic
3823:
3815:
3807:
3781:
3758:
3750:
3742:
3734:
3726:
3718:
3710:
3702:
3694:
3686:
3678:
3670:
3662:
3654:
3635:
3627:
3619:
3611:
3603:
3595:
3587:
3579:
3571:
3563:
3511:Heifeng Guai
3461:Tang Sanzang
3438:
3437:
3395:
3386:
3378:
3366:
3357:
3349:
3334:
3309:
3305:
3301:
3297:
3285:. Retrieved
3281:
3252:
3248:
3239:
3232:Shi Changyu
3224:
3201:
3189:
3185:
3181:
3172:
3159:
3130:
3119:
3115:
3088:
3055:
3046:
3023:
3011:. Retrieved
3007:
2998:
2989:
2979:
2967:. Retrieved
2963:
2953:
2942:Plaks (1994)
2937:
2889:
2882:Plaks (1994)
2877:
2801:
2789:. Retrieved
2785:
2775:
2768:Plaks (1994)
2763:
2742:
2734:
2709:
2705:
2696:
2671:
2663:
2651:
2646:, p. 5.
2639:
2620:
2614:
2591:
2567:
2543:
2537:
2525:
2513:. Retrieved
2468:
2461:Chang (2010)
2440:
2431:
2421:
2417:
2415:
2409:
2400:
2388:. Retrieved
2383:
2374:
2366:
2362:
2353:
2341:
2323:
2318:
2291:Water Margin
2289:
2282:
2275:
2268:
2261:
2254:
2247:
2240:
2233:
2212:China portal
2181:
2174:
2172:
2165:
2164:show called
2162:South Korean
2155:
2143:whitewashing
2138:
2132:
2114:
2102:Ninja Theory
2083:
2081:
2076:
2068:
2062:
2055:
2049:
2047:
2041:
2033:
2016:
2010:
2009:
2000:Peking opera
1996:Mount Huaguo
1964:
1954:
1938:Julia Lovell
1922:
1915:
1884:
1880:
1876:
1872:
1868:
1864:
1861:Arthur Waley
1854:
1833:
1829:
1826:Tang dynasty
1807:Song dynasty
1799:King of Hell
1773:
1771:
1755:
1750:Monk's spade
1747:
1737:
1733:
1726:
1719:
1712:
1705:
1698:
1691:
1684:
1677:
1671:
1664:
1657:
1649:
1648:
1625:
1617:jiuchidingpa
1616:
1614:
1610:
1606:Yunzhan Dong
1605:
1591:
1586:
1582:
1578:
1574:
1570:
1562:
1561:
1518:
1510:
1507:Tang dynasty
1502:
1495:Tang Sanzang
1494:
1492:
1481:Tang Sanzang
1462:
1452:
1445:
1438:
1406:
1378:Jade Emperor
1356:
1352:
1332:
1331:
1285:
1276:Vulture Peak
1272:
1264:
1253:
1180:
1176:
1159:Vulture Peak
1156:
1138:
1113:Tang Sanzang
1110:
1072:
1058:
1050:
1037:
1015:
1008:
956:Tang dynasty
938:
936:
897:
895:
890:
874:
872:
867:
865:
856:
850:
845:
836:
823:
821:
812:
806:
798:
796:
790:
763:Tang Sanzang
714:bodhisattvas
702:Confucianism
685:
684:
657:
639:
632:
629:Arthur Waley
617:Ming dynasty
610:
593:
592:
591:
566:Romanization
405:Burmese name
371:Southern Min
306:Romanization
303:Shanghainese
251:Hanyu Pinyin
193:Chinese name
108:Tang dynasty
36:
5157:Epic novels
5102:1592 novels
4940:Shenyi Jing
4754:Four Perils
4653:White Tiger
4602:Yan Emperor
4283:Gao Village
4163:Monkey Hero
4054:Dragon Ball
3932:Sunny Piggy
3892:Live action
3648:Live action
3434:Wu Cheng'en
3287:18 February
3192:(2): 63–98.
2990:news.com.au
2791:18 February
2490:Jenner 1984
2422:Don Quixote
2235:Dragon Ball
2151:Chai Hansen
2129:New Zealand
2110:Andy Serkis
1992:Monkey King
1881:Dear Monkey
1811:Qin dynasty
1805:during the
1787: 1640
1535:bodhisattva
1394:Erlang Shen
1357:Monkey King
1320:Monkey King
1282:Fourth part
1244:Bai Long Ma
1207:Monkey mind
1191:Monkey King
1125:bodhisattva
1107:Second Part
992:Afghanistan
952:Sui dynasty
828:Wu Cheng'en
759:Monkey King
678:. Riding a
621:Wu Cheng'en
458:Korean name
332:Sāiyàuh gei
177:at Chinese
124: 1592
104:Set in
61:Wu Cheng'en
5091:Categories
4857:Weak River
4749:Fox spirit
4236:Literature
4046:Starzinger
3589:Starzinger
3526:Kui Mulang
3521:Puti Zushi
3471:Sha Wujing
3456:Sun Wukong
3448:Characters
3182:Hsi-yu chi
2944:, p.
2334:References
2284:Starzinger
1994:and other
1949:Unabridged
1791:Sun Wukong
1789:) follows
1762:Buddhahood
1650:Sha Wujing
1637:Sha Wujing
1571:Zhu Wuneng
1469:Buddhahood
1333:Sun Wukong
1303:Characters
1289:Buddhahood
1268:Buddhahood
1237:conformity
1229:Sha Wujing
1153:Third Part
1147:Underworld
1139:Jīn Chánzi
1121:Tang China
1061:Sun Wukong
1055:First Part
988:Uzbekistan
984:Kyrgyzstan
954:and early
775:Sha Wujing
676:Sha Wujing
668:Sun Wukong
664:the Buddha
426:Vietnamese
271:Hsi-yu Chi
265:Wade–Giles
179:Wikisource
135:Ming China
5015:Huainanzi
4912:Shi Yi Ji
4852:Red River
4702:Huli jing
4680:Fenghuang
4521:Astrology
4448:(c. 1610)
4421:(c. 1592)
4212:Whomp 'Em
3786:(c. 1640)
3491:Xiezijing
3486:Baigujing
3466:Zhu Bajie
3326:161410156
3269:170097583
3210:cite book
3145:cite book
3097:cite book
2530:Yu (2012)
2473:Yu (2012)
2390:21 August
2346:Yu (2012)
2263:One Piece
2071:, at the
2025:Nippon TV
1897:followed
1885:retelling
1594:Milky Way
1563:Zhu Bajie
1550:Zhu Bajie
1525:Kingdom (
1519:Tripitaka
1515:Tripiṭaka
1493:The monk
1382:Xi Wangmu
1349:Emptiness
1256:continent
1195:Emptiness
1174:setting.
1163:Silk Road
976:Tian Shan
937:Although
879:novelette
771:Zhu Bajie
672:Zhu Bajie
439:Thai name
432:Tây du kí
4685:Yinglong
4592:Shennong
3801:Animated
3557:Animated
3300:and the
3298:Commedia
3200:(1987).
3013:20 April
2969:20 April
2361:(2005).
2198:See also
2098:Xbox 360
2051:Doraemon
1849:Abridged
1819:rakshasa
1815:Pāramitā
1602:humanoid
1575:Monk Pig
1345:Awakened
1167:Chang'an
1028:Synopsis
1000:Pakistan
996:Gandhara
944:Chang'an
911:Xuanzang
765:(on the
738:allegory
646:Xuanzang
642:Buddhist
612:Xīyóu Jì
543:Hiragana
340:Jyutping
311:Siyeu ji
257:Xīyóu Jì
160:895.1346
79:Language
18:Xiyou ji
4919:Bowuzhi
4847:Penglai
4837:Longmen
4785:more...
4739:Wuzhiqi
4715:(Bixie)
4612:Chang'e
4587:Youchao
4526:Dragons
4184:Pokémon
4062:Saiyūki
3956:Saiyūki
3841:Saiyūki
3775:Sequels
3752:Wu Kong
3696:Saiyūki
3531:Pilanpo
3481:Red Boy
3137:115–164
2726:2906900
2277:Saiyuki
2125:Netflix
2065:Fred Ho
1830:Xiyoubu
1803:Qin Hui
1775:Xiyoubu
1768:Sequels
1736:", or "
1722:Monster
1673:Sandman
1598:Chang'e
1538:Guanyin
1523:Tianzhu
1511:Sanzang
1441:Guanyin
1341:Subhuti
1218:Chang'e
1203:impulse
1199:Śūnyatā
1183:Guanyin
1132:Guanyin
1004:Nalanda
994:, into
968:Qinghai
838:Hu Shih
817:Nanjing
744:History
599:Chinese
572:Saiyūki
493:Seoyugi
411:Burmese
126:(print)
83:Chinese
5007:Chu Ci
4888:Xirang
4822:Fusang
4802:Buzhou
4795:Places
4774:Tianma
4734:Xiezhi
4729:Hundun
4724:Horses
4617:Hou Yi
4607:Chiyou
4551:Ghosts
4456:(1750)
4276:Places
4244:Monkey
4219:Yūyūki
4198:SonSon
4105:(2006)
4097:(2003)
4089:(2001)
4081:(2000)
4078:Shinzo
4073:(1998)
4065:(1997)
4057:(1984)
4049:(1979)
4041:(1978)
4022:(play)
3999:(2018)
3991:(2017)
3983:(2011)
3975:(2010)
3967:(2010)
3959:(2006)
3951:(2002)
3943:(2001)
3935:(2000)
3927:(1996)
3919:(1996)
3911:(1986)
3903:(1978)
3900:Monkey
3884:(2021)
3876:(2020)
3868:(2005)
3860:(2002)
3852:(2000)
3849:Shinzo
3844:(1999)
3836:(1998)
3828:(1998)
3820:(1978)
3812:(1966)
3763:(2018)
3755:(2017)
3747:(2017)
3739:(2016)
3731:(2016)
3723:(2014)
3715:(2013)
3707:(2008)
3699:(2007)
3691:(2005)
3683:(1995)
3675:(1967)
3667:(1966)
3659:(1927)
3640:(2023)
3632:(2015)
3624:(2007)
3616:(2001)
3608:(1988)
3600:(1985)
3592:(1979)
3584:(1961)
3576:(1960)
3568:(1941)
3372:manhua
3324:
3267:
3062:
2929:
2921:
2913:
2905:
2897:
2868:
2860:
2852:
2844:
2836:
2828:
2820:
2812:
2751:
2724:
2684:
2672:Monkey
2627:
2602:
2545:Monkey
2515:22 May
2147:Tongan
2123:, and
2096:, and
2017:Monkey
1929:
1899:Hu Shi
1875:, and
1402:Buddha
1396:, and
1119:(i.e.
1101:Buddha
1097:Hubris
1087::
1079::
980:Turpan
773:, and
734:satire
722:manhua
718:manhwa
706:Taoist
674:, and
654:sūtras
634:Monkey
609::
607:pinyin
601::
464:Hangul
451:ไซอิ๋ว
378:Tâi-lô
57:Author
4871:Items
4862:Youdu
4744:Yeren
4713:Pixiu
4675:Qilin
4622:Kuafu
4546:Pangu
4317:Other
4120:Games
4110:Saint
4011:Stage
3550:Films
3370:with
3322:S2CID
3265:S2CID
2840:; PB
2808:: HC
2722:JSTOR
1758:arhat
1738:Sandy
1727:Sand
1720:Sand
1715:Demon
1713:Sand
1706:Sand
1701:Troll
1699:Sand
1692:Sand
1685:Sand
1680:Fairy
1678:Sand
1665:Sand
1659:Friar
1583:Pigsy
1579:Piggy
1425:Laozi
1421:Laozi
1398:Nezha
1386:Laozi
1293:arhat
1171:Gansu
972:Kumul
964:Gansu
948:Xi'an
932:Xi'an
883:drama
730:anime
726:manga
650:India
644:monk
549:さいゆうき
529:Kanji
89:Genre
4807:Diyu
4719:Nian
4697:Bixi
4541:Tian
3289:2021
3216:link
3151:link
3122:(1).
3103:link
3060:ISBN
3015:2017
3008:IMDb
2971:2017
2927:ISBN
2919:ISBN
2911:ISBN
2903:ISBN
2895:ISBN
2866:ISBN
2858:ISBN
2850:ISBN
2842:ISBN
2834:ISBN
2826:ISBN
2818:ISBN
2810:ISBN
2793:2021
2749:ISBN
2682:ISBN
2625:ISBN
2600:ISBN
2517:2023
2392:2024
2158:Viki
2121:TVNZ
1990:The
1927:ISBN
1734:Sand
1732:", "
1729:Hulk
1725:", "
1718:", "
1711:", "
1704:", "
1697:", "
1694:Ogre
1690:", "
1683:", "
1676:", "
1670:", "
1667:Monk
1663:", "
1661:Sand
1581:", "
1577:", "
1509:and
1503:Tang
1459:鬥戰勝佛
1455:斗战胜佛
1434:七十二变
1407:His
1297:nāga
1089:齊天大聖
1081:齐天大圣
990:and
966:and
887:play
728:and
445:Thai
392:lit.
386:col.
4094:Xin
3436:'s
3389:西遊記
3314:doi
3304:".
3257:doi
3235:石昌渝
3184:".
2946:283
2714:doi
2706:MLN
2420:or
2117:ABC
1780:西遊補
1708:Oni
1687:Orc
1654:沙悟淨
1587:Pig
1567:豬八戒
1527:天竺国
1499:唐三藏
1427:'s
1370:Tao
1347:to
1337:孫悟空
1136:金蟬子
1069:Tao
970:to
930:in
769:),
603:西遊記
535:西遊記
470:서유기
354:IPA
279:IPA
219:西游记
205:西遊記
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3794:TV
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