489:
456:
478:
468:
22:
100:
thus relies on meat as an ingredient, unlike the typical
Japanese cuisine at the time. Additionally, many of the Westerners who started to live in Japan at that time refused to touch traditional Japanese food
1190:
730:
374:
Yōshoku began by altering
Western recipes for lack of information about foreign countries' cuisine, or adaptions to suit local tastes, but over time,
682:
990:
181:(inspired by the fritter-cooking techniques of the Portuguese residing in Nagasaki in the 16th century), are not, strictly speaking, part of
1353:
1117:
162:
is a generic term for
Japanese dishes inspired by Western food that are distinct from the washoku tradition. Another difference is that
1054:
1167:
223:
to reflect that they are foreign words, some have become sufficiently
Japanized that they are often treated as normal Japanese food (
1301:
1221:
1410:
1247:
1141:
1273:
395:
During Japan's modernization, yōshoku was often too expensive for the common man. But after World War II, ingredients for
1080:
130:
in the 1980s, due to the opening of many
European restaurants serving more authentically European (non-Japanized) food.
114:" dates back to 1872. In the past, the term was for Western cuisine, regardless of the country of origin (as opposed to
814:
307:
770:
92:
declared
Western ideas helpful for Japan's future progress. As part of the reforms, the Emperor lifted the ban on
700:
64:. These are primarily Japanized forms of European dishes, often featuring Western names, and usually written in
1420:
1415:
107:), so their private Japanese chefs learned how to cook them Western-style cuisine, often with a Japanese spin.
954:
921:
633:
174:
625:
608:
589:
548:
723:
675:
96:
and promoted
Western cuisine, which was viewed as the cause of the Westerners' greater physical size.
748:
389:
1036:
792:
529:
439:
restaurants in Japan, such as
Shiseido Parlor in Ginza and Taimeiken in Nihonbashi (two areas of
302:
1113:
1107:
986:
980:
926:
900:
81:
61:
865:
Turkish rice (torukorice): Pilaf flavored with curry, naporitan spaghetti and tonkatsu with
34:
378:
also evolved dishes that were not at all based on
European foods, such as chicken rice and
1305:
1251:
1225:
1145:
123:
119:
1055:"Yōshoku: A Japanese Take on Western-Style Cuisine Culture Food and Drink Guide to Japan"
1010:
384:(omelette rice). Elaborate sauces were largely eliminated, replaced with tomato ketchup,
1085:
1015:
932:
504:
364:
134:
115:
69:
488:
455:
1404:
1357:
881:
89:
888:
Mikkusu sando (ミックスサンド) – assorted sandwiches, especially egg salad, ham, and cutlet
1379:
1195:
896:
860:
514:
360:
341:
is considered a field of
Japanese cuisine, including such typical adapted meals as
26:
477:
1191:"Masterchef's Tim Anderson's kitchen – and his recipe for chicken katsu curry"
866:
581:
519:
471:
424:
385:
232:
126:, etc.), but people became aware of differences between European cuisines and
1327:
1278:
669:
600:
467:
428:
419:
dishes are served. During Japan's rapid economic growth people began eating
355:
324:
228:
60:
refers to a style of Western-influenced cooking which originated during the
745:: this dish is mainly eaten in Nagoya. Spaghetti with a spicy sticky sauce.
21:
958:
845:
661:
565:
525:
499:
343:
262:
236:
220:
93:
65:
1354:"Karen Barnaby: Try a Japanese sando to expand your sandwich repertoire"
873:
537:
460:
380:
349:
329:
178:
103:
261:, rather than katsu sauce. Reflecting this, katsu is often written in
904:
891:
839:
258:
85:
423:
in department store restaurants, but now family restaurants such as
982:
Devouring Japan: Global Perspectives on Japanese Culinary Identity
909:
573:
487:
476:
466:
454:
440:
254:
253:, and may even be served with traditional Japanese sauces such as
20:
1081:"What makes restaurant food 'authentic,' and who gets to decide?"
509:
435:
establishments. In addition, there are also a number of upscale
337:
dishes which have themselves become traditional Japanese fare.
1168:"Memories of meals: RAMEN SHOP and the power of food films"
239:, which is eaten with chopsticks and a bowl of white rice
1222:"An idea simmering for centuries: Japanese 'white stew'"
834:: mizore had come from the name of the Japanese wet snow
1248:"The storied history of the potato in Japanese cooking"
209:, curry), paired with bread or a plate of rice (called
561:: fried chicken seasoned with vinegar and tartar sauce
399:
became more widely available and its popularity grew.
1302:"Spaghetti Napolitan is Japan's unique take on pasta"
185:, which refers only to Meiji-era food. However, some
1011:"Spaghetti Stir-Fry and Hambagoo: Japan Looks West"
290:Another more contemporary term for Western food is
173:Earlier dishes of European origin – notably those
158:mostly refers to French and Italian cooking while
720:: Japanese style soy sauce and mushroom spaghetti
110:The first recorded print appearance of the term "
1274:"The Addictive Animated Food of Miyazaki Films"
1142:"Toyoken: Narisawa's take on 'yoshoku' cuisine"
825:
803:
781:
759:
736:
711:
688:
672:: Ketchup spaghetti with sausage and vegetables
649:
554:
51:
819:
797:
775:
753:
728:
705:
680:
643:
623:
606:
587:
546:
408:
367:). Many of these meals are even assumed to be
313:
278:
272:
266:
242:
210:
200:
139:
45:
333:(Japanese traditional dishes), yet there are
8:
271:, as a native Japanese word, rather than as
16:Japanese style of Western-influenced cooking
320:, states that: "Yōshoku is Japanese food."
175:imported from Portugal in the 16th century
1215:
1213:
1004:
1002:
1135:
1133:
1131:
1129:
1048:
1046:
985:. Oxford University Press. p. 171.
1328:"Steak Japanese Style: Chaliapin Steak"
945:
327:, it may not have as long a history as
170:is eaten using chopsticks and a spoon.
166:is eaten using a knife and fork, while
1140:Robbie Swinnerton (18 November 2014).
955:"Japan's surprising 'Western' cuisine"
697:: Japanese tarako (cod roe) spaghetti
195:varies in how Japanized it is: while
7:
1037:"西洋料理通. 巻上,附録 / 仮名垣魯文 編 ; 暁斎 画"
1378:Yukari Sakamoto (8 February 2018).
1352:Karen Barnaby (17 September 2019).
1109:Kansai: Rough Guides Snapshot Japan
929:, a similar phenomenon in Hong Kong
935:, a similar phenomenon in Shanghai
14:
658:: Steak with Japanese-style sauce
199:may be eaten with a spoon (as in
1053:Aoki Yuriko (12 November 2019).
815:mizore (grated radish) spaghetti
1326:Peter Allen (16 October 2019).
1300:Makiko Itoh (20 January 2015).
1220:Makiko Itoh (16 October 2015).
1189:Mina Holland (7 October 2017).
1009:Norimitsu Onishi (2008-03-26).
927:Hong Kong-style Western cuisine
1112:. Penguin. 2014. p. 131.
953:Farley, David (15 July 2020).
308:The Japanese Complete Cookbook
235:. An example of the latter is
1:
1272:John Maher (29 August 2017).
1246:Makiko Itoh (22 April 2017).
1166:Levin Tan (26 October 2018).
922:List of common yōshoku dishes
851:Fried chicken (chicken katsu)
227:), served alongside rice and
189:restaurants serve tempura.
146:popularized the related term
1380:"Our Complete Yoshoku Guide"
1079:Peter Hum (15 August 2019).
771:Edible wild plants spaghetti
294:("no-nationality" cuisine).
826:
804:
782:
760:
737:
712:
701:Japanese mushroom spaghetti
689:
650:
555:
154:('western food handbook').
52:
1437:
1170:. japanesefilmfestival.net
979:Nancy K. Stalker (2018).
820:
798:
776:
754:
729:
706:
681:
644:
624:
607:
588:
547:
431:are considered essential
409:
314:
279:
273:
267:
243:
211:
201:
140:
133:In 1872, Japanese writer
46:
854:Beef cutlet (beef katsu)
80:At the beginning of the
1411:Japanese fusion cuisine
634:Japanese horse mackerel
88:was eliminated and the
495:
485:
474:
464:
415:is a restaurant where
68:. It is an example of
30:
899:: Roasted pilaf with
713:Wafu kinoko spaghetti
491:
480:
470:
458:
305:, author of the 1898
24:
390:Worcestershire sauce
1384:metropolisjapan.com
496:
486:
475:
465:
86:national seclusion
31:
992:978-0-19-024040-0
231:, and eaten with
219:) and written in
82:Meiji Restoration
62:Meiji Restoration
1428:
1395:
1394:
1392:
1390:
1375:
1369:
1368:
1366:
1364:
1349:
1343:
1342:
1340:
1338:
1323:
1317:
1316:
1314:
1312:
1297:
1291:
1290:
1288:
1286:
1269:
1263:
1262:
1260:
1258:
1243:
1237:
1236:
1234:
1232:
1217:
1208:
1207:
1205:
1203:
1186:
1180:
1179:
1177:
1175:
1163:
1157:
1156:
1154:
1152:
1137:
1124:
1123:
1119:978-0-24101417-2
1104:
1098:
1097:
1095:
1093:
1076:
1070:
1069:
1067:
1065:
1050:
1041:
1040:
1033:
1027:
1026:
1024:
1023:
1006:
997:
996:
976:
970:
969:
967:
965:
950:
867:demi-glace sauce
833:
832:
829:
827:Mizore spaghetti
823:
822:
811:
810:
807:
801:
800:
789:
788:
785:
783:Sansai spaghetti
779:
778:
767:
766:
763:
757:
756:
744:
743:
740:
738:Ankake spaghetti
734:
733:
724:Ankake spaghetti
719:
718:
715:
709:
708:
696:
695:
692:
690:tarako spaghetti
686:
685:
676:Tarako spaghetti
657:
656:
653:
647:
646:
631:
629:
628:
614:
612:
611:
595:
593:
592:
571:Breaded dishes (
560:
558:
552:
551:
414:
412:
411:
386:demi-glace sauce
363:and curry rice (
319:
317:
316:
282:
281:
276:
275:
270:
269:
252:
246:
245:
214:
213:
204:
203:
145:
143:
142:
59:
58:
55:
49:
48:
35:Japanese cuisine
1436:
1435:
1431:
1430:
1429:
1427:
1426:
1425:
1421:Western cuisine
1416:Eastern cuisine
1401:
1400:
1399:
1398:
1388:
1386:
1377:
1376:
1372:
1362:
1360:
1351:
1350:
1346:
1336:
1334:
1325:
1324:
1320:
1310:
1308:
1306:The Japan Times
1299:
1298:
1294:
1284:
1282:
1271:
1270:
1266:
1256:
1254:
1252:The Japan Times
1245:
1244:
1240:
1230:
1228:
1226:The Japan Times
1219:
1218:
1211:
1201:
1199:
1188:
1187:
1183:
1173:
1171:
1165:
1164:
1160:
1150:
1148:
1146:The Japan Times
1139:
1138:
1127:
1120:
1106:
1105:
1101:
1091:
1089:
1078:
1077:
1073:
1063:
1061:
1052:
1051:
1044:
1035:
1034:
1030:
1021:
1019:
1008:
1007:
1000:
993:
978:
977:
973:
963:
961:
952:
951:
947:
942:
918:
830:
817:
808:
795:
786:
773:
764:
761:Nattō spaghetti
751:
749:Nattō spaghetti
741:
726:
716:
703:
693:
678:
654:
641:
621:
604:
596:: fried oysters
585:
544:
453:
406:
323:Created in the
311:
300:
240:
137:
78:
56:
43:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1434:
1432:
1424:
1423:
1418:
1413:
1403:
1402:
1397:
1396:
1370:
1344:
1318:
1292:
1264:
1238:
1209:
1181:
1158:
1125:
1118:
1099:
1086:Ottawa Citizen
1071:
1042:
1028:
1016:New York Times
998:
991:
971:
944:
943:
941:
938:
937:
936:
933:Haipai cuisine
930:
924:
917:
914:
913:
912:
907:
901:béchamel sauce
894:
889:
886:
885:
884:
876:
871:
870:
869:
863:
858:
855:
852:
849:
837:
836:
835:
812:
805:Tuna spaghetti
793:Tuna spaghetti
790:
768:
746:
721:
698:
673:
664:
659:
638:
637:
636:
616:
615:: fried shrimp
597:
569:
562:
543:Chicken nanban
541:
534:
533:
532:
522:
517:
507:
502:
452:
445:
365:Japanese curry
299:
296:
152:Seiyō Ryōritsū
135:Kanagaki Robun
77:
74:
70:fusion cuisine
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1433:
1422:
1419:
1417:
1414:
1412:
1409:
1408:
1406:
1385:
1381:
1374:
1371:
1359:
1358:Vancouver Sun
1355:
1348:
1345:
1333:
1329:
1322:
1319:
1307:
1303:
1296:
1293:
1281:
1280:
1275:
1268:
1265:
1253:
1249:
1242:
1239:
1227:
1223:
1216:
1214:
1210:
1198:
1197:
1192:
1185:
1182:
1169:
1162:
1159:
1147:
1143:
1136:
1134:
1132:
1130:
1126:
1121:
1115:
1111:
1110:
1103:
1100:
1088:
1087:
1082:
1075:
1072:
1060:
1056:
1049:
1047:
1043:
1038:
1032:
1029:
1018:
1017:
1012:
1005:
1003:
999:
994:
988:
984:
983:
975:
972:
960:
956:
949:
946:
939:
934:
931:
928:
925:
923:
920:
919:
915:
911:
908:
906:
902:
898:
895:
893:
890:
887:
883:
880:
879:
877:
875:
872:
868:
864:
862:
859:
856:
853:
850:
848:
847:
843:
842:
841:
838:
828:
816:
813:
806:
794:
791:
784:
772:
769:
762:
750:
747:
739:
732:
725:
722:
714:
702:
699:
691:
684:
677:
674:
671:
668:
667:
665:
663:
660:
652:
639:
635:
627:
620:
617:
610:
603:
602:
598:
591:
584:
583:
579:
578:
576:
575:
570:
568:
567:
563:
557:
556:chikin nanban
550:
542:
540:
539:
535:
531:
528:
527:
523:
521:
518:
516:
513:
512:
511:
508:
506:
503:
501:
498:
497:
494:
490:
483:
479:
473:
469:
463:
462:
457:
450:
446:
444:
442:
438:
434:
430:
426:
422:
418:
405:
400:
398:
393:
391:
387:
383:
382:
377:
372:
370:
366:
362:
358:
357:
352:
351:
347:, beefsteak,
346:
345:
340:
336:
332:
331:
326:
321:
310:
309:
304:
297:
295:
293:
288:
287:, 'cutlet').
286:
264:
260:
256:
250:
238:
234:
230:
226:
222:
218:
208:
198:
194:
190:
188:
184:
180:
176:
171:
169:
165:
161:
157:
153:
149:
136:
131:
129:
125:
121:
117:
113:
108:
106:
105:
99:
95:
91:
90:Meiji Emperor
87:
84:(1868–1912),
83:
75:
73:
71:
67:
63:
54:
42:
41:
36:
29:
28:
23:
19:
1387:. Retrieved
1383:
1373:
1361:. Retrieved
1347:
1335:. Retrieved
1332:onthegas.org
1331:
1321:
1309:. Retrieved
1295:
1283:. Retrieved
1277:
1267:
1255:. Retrieved
1241:
1229:. Retrieved
1200:. Retrieved
1196:The Guardian
1194:
1184:
1172:. Retrieved
1161:
1149:. Retrieved
1108:
1102:
1090:. Retrieved
1084:
1074:
1062:. Retrieved
1058:
1031:
1020:. Retrieved
1014:
981:
974:
962:. Retrieved
948:
861:Menchi katsu
844:
618:
599:
580:
572:
564:
536:
524:
515:Hayashi rice
492:
481:
459:
448:
436:
432:
420:
416:
403:
401:
396:
394:
379:
375:
373:
368:
361:Hayashi rice
354:
348:
342:
338:
334:
328:
322:
306:
301:
291:
289:
284:
248:
224:
216:
206:
196:
192:
191:
186:
182:
172:
167:
163:
159:
155:
151:
147:
132:
127:
111:
109:
102:
97:
79:
53:western food
39:
38:
32:
27:Hayashi rice
25:
18:
1039:. Waseda U.
707:和風きのこスパゲッティ
303:Jihei Ishii
164:seiyō ryōri
156:Seiyō ryōri
148:seiyō ryōri
1405:Categories
1059:nippon.com
1022:2008-09-11
940:References
731:あんかけスパゲッティ
666:Spaghetti
651:Bīfusutēki
582:Kaki furai
520:Cream stew
472:Cream stew
292:mukokuseki
285:katsuretsu
257:or grated
233:chopsticks
1279:Thrillist
857:Ham katsu
683:たらこスパゲッティ
670:Naporitan
640:Beefsteak
619:Aji furai
601:Ebi furai
566:Piroshiki
484:spaghetti
429:Saizeriya
404:yōshokuya
356:naporitan
325:Meiji era
229:miso soup
959:BBC News
916:See also
846:Tonkatsu
821:みぞれスパゲティ
662:Meuniere
632:: fried
526:Nikujaga
500:Castella
493:Tonkatsu
447:Typical
298:Overview
263:hiragana
221:katakana
177:such as
94:red meat
66:katakana
964:15 July
882:Hamburg
874:Omurice
799:ツナスパゲティ
777:山菜スパゲティ
755:納豆スパゲティ
645:ビーフステーキ
538:Korokke
461:Korokke
449:yōshoku
437:yōshoku
433:yōshoku
425:Denny's
421:yōshoku
417:yōshoku
397:yōshoku
381:omurice
376:yōshoku
369:washoku
350:korokke
339:Yōshoku
335:yōshoku
330:washoku
315:日本料理法大全
225:washoku
197:yōshoku
193:Yōshoku
187:yōshoku
183:yoshoku
179:tempura
168:Yōshoku
160:Yōshoku
150:in his
128:yōshoku
124:Italian
120:English
112:yōshoku
104:washoku
98:Yōshoku
76:History
40:yōshoku
1389:12 May
1363:12 May
1337:12 May
1311:12 May
1285:12 May
1257:12 May
1231:12 May
1202:12 May
1174:12 May
1151:12 May
1116:
1092:12 May
1064:12 May
989:
905:cheese
892:Gratin
878:Steak
840:Cutlet
482:Tarako
451:dishes
277:(from
259:daikon
116:French
910:Pilaf
897:Doria
626:アジフライ
609:エビフライ
590:カキフライ
574:furai
549:チキン南蛮
505:Curry
441:Tokyo
344:katsu
255:ponzu
249:gohan
237:katsu
217:raisu
141:仮名垣魯文
1391:2020
1365:2020
1339:2020
1313:2020
1287:2020
1259:2020
1233:2020
1204:2020
1176:2020
1153:2020
1114:ISBN
1094:2020
1066:2020
987:ISBN
966:2020
903:and
530:肉じゃが
510:Stew
427:and
388:and
280:カツレツ
207:karē
443:).
410:洋食屋
265:as
212:ライス
202:カレー
33:In
1407::
1382:.
1356:.
1330:.
1304:.
1276:.
1250:.
1224:.
1212:^
1193:.
1144:.
1128:^
1083:.
1057:.
1045:^
1013:.
1001:^
957:.
824:,
802:,
780:,
758:,
735:,
710:,
687:,
648:,
577:)
553:,
402:A
392:.
371:.
359:,
353:,
283:,
274:カツ
268:かつ
247:,
244:ご飯
215:,
205:,
122:,
118:,
72:.
50:,
47:洋食
37:,
1393:.
1367:.
1341:.
1315:.
1289:.
1261:.
1235:.
1206:.
1178:.
1155:.
1122:.
1096:.
1068:.
1025:.
995:.
968:.
831:)
818:(
809:)
796:(
787:)
774:(
765:)
752:(
742:)
727:(
717:)
704:(
694:)
679:(
655:)
642:(
630:)
622:(
613:)
605:(
594:)
586:(
559:)
545:(
413:)
407:(
318:)
312:(
251:)
241:(
144:)
138:(
101:(
57:)
44:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
