807:
1187:. It maintained its value (at times being worth a little more than the yen) until 1925, when Zhang Zuolin's military involvement in the rest of China lead to an increase in banknote production and a fall in the currency's value. The currency lost most of its value in 1928 as a consequence of the disturbance following Zhang Zuolin's assassination. The Fengtien yuan was only issued in banknote form, with 1, 5 and 10 yuan notes issued in 1917, followed by 50 and 100 yuan notes in 1924. The last notes were issued in 1928.
1837:
1160:
1226:
bore the words "National
Currency", as did some of the provincial banks. The remaining provincial banknotes bore the words "Local Currency". These circulated at varying exchange rates to the national currency issues. After the revolution, in addition to the denominations already in circulation, "small money" notes proliferated, with 1, 2 and 5 cent denominations appearing. Many notes were issued denominated in English in
4540:
3894:
3507:
3274:
1823:
4550:
1416:). It was worth 20 of the yuan which circulated in the rest of the country. It was replaced in 1948 by the gold yuan at a rate of 150,000 north-eastern yuan to 1 gold yuan. In 1945, notes were introduced in denominations of 1, 5, 10, 50 and 100 yuan. 500 yuan notes were added in 1946, followed by 1,000 and 2,000 yuan in 1947 and 5000 and 10,000 yuan in 1948.
1743:
Production of banknotes by
Communist Party forces ceased in 1936 but resumed in 1938 and continued through to the centralization of money production in 1948. A great many regional banks and other entities issued notes. Before 1942, denominations up to 100 yuan were issued. That year, the first notes
1353:
and during the civil war which followed, Nationalist China suffered from hyperinflation, leading to the introduction of a new currency in 1948, the gold yuan. In the 1940s, larger denominations of notes appeared due to the high inflation. 500 yuan notes were introduced in 1941, followed by 1,000 and
1225:
After the revolution, a great many local, national and foreign banks issued currency. Although the provincial coinages mostly ended in the 1920s, the provincial banks continued issuing notes until 1949, including
Communist issues from 1930. Most of the banknotes issued for use throughout the country
775:
and 1 yuan. Other regional mints were opened in the 1890s producing similar silver coins along with copper coins in denominations of 1, 2, 5, 10 and 20 cash. The central government began issuing its own coins in the yuan currency system in 1903. Banknotes were issued in yuan denominations from the
1378:
In 1948, the
Central Bank of China issued notes (some dated 1945 and 1946) in denominations of 1, 2 and 5 jiao, 1, 5, 10, 20, 50, and 100 yuan. In 1949, higher denominations of 500, 1000, 5000, 10,000, 50,000, 100,000, 500,000, 1,000,000 and 5,000,000 yuan were issued. The Central Bank of China
685:, worth eight Spanish reales and popularly known as the piece-of-eight. This was effectively the world's first international currency, beginning to circulate widely in east and southeast Asia in the late 18th century due to Spanish presence in the region, principally the
408:, literally meaning "beginning" but used as an abbreviation for 圓. On notes, coins and documents such as contracts, to make it less easy to alter it is mostly written with the coin's original name, 圓 / 圆. In international contexts, '¥' or 'RMB' (abbr. for
1241:. The pre-existing, national currency yuan came to be associated only with the Nationalist, Kuomintang government. In 1935, the Kuomintang Government enacted currency reforms to limit currency issuance to four major government controlled banks: the
1338:). The Japanese decreed the exchange rates between the various banks' issues and those of the Nationalists but the banknotes circulated with varying degrees of acceptance among the Chinese population. Between 1932 and 1945, the puppet state of
1382:
In July 1949, the
Nationalist Government introduced the silver yuan, which was initially worth 500 million gold yuan. It circulated for a few months on the mainland before the end of the civil war. This silver yuan remained the
1474:
Notes were produced by many different banks. There were two phases of note production. The first, up until 1936, involved banks in a total of seven areas, most of which were organized as
Soviets. These were:
1374:
and were replaced in August 1948 by notes denominated in gold yuan, worth 3 million old yuan. There was no link between the gold yuan and gold metal or coins and this yuan also suffered from hyperinflation.
1275:
783:
and 1 yuan. After the revolution, although the designs changed, the sizes and metals used in the coinage remained mostly unchanged until the 1930s. From 1936, the central government issued nickel (later
4357:
4307:
3285:
125:
4135:
3964:
4312:
4100:
4105:
3855:
4488:
760:
and the "Hu Pu Bank" (later the "Ta-Ch'ing
Government Bank"), established by the Imperial government. During the Imperial period, banknotes were issued in denominations of 1, 2 and 5
1406:
After the defeat of Japan in 1945, the
Central Bank of China issued a separate currency in the northeast to replace those issued by the puppet banks—north-eastern yuan (Chinese:
4085:
2150:
3774:
1183:
yuan or dollar, for use in the Three
Eastern Provinces. It was valued at 1.2 yuan in the earlier (and still circulating) "small money" banknotes and was initially set equal to the
3657:
1403:, strings of wén coins. The People's Bank was founded in 1948 and began issuing currency that year, but some of the regional banks continued to issue their own notes in to 1949.
4414:
4115:
1811:, the common English name is the "New Taiwan dollar" but banknotes issued between 1949 and 1956 used "yuan" as the transliteration. More modern notes lack any transliteration.
4302:
1751:
took control of most of China, they introduced a new currency, in banknote form only, denominated in yuan. This became the sole currency of mainland China at the end of the
3420:
3949:
2722:
1257:. The circulation of silver yuan coins was prohibited and private ownership of silver was banned. The banknotes issued in its place were known as fabi (Chinese:
4110:
3934:
779:
The central government began issuing its own coins in the yuan currency system in 1903. These were brass 1 cash, copper 2, 5, 10 and 20 cash, and silver 1, 2 and 5
3460:
2607:
2076:
4075:
3834:
3388:
1778:. It was not directly related to the mainland yuan. In 1949, a second yuan was introduced in Taiwan, replacing the first at a rate of 40,000 to 1. Known as the
3293:
4399:
1744:
up to 1,000 yuan appeared. Notes up to 5,000 yuan appeared in 1943, with 10,000 yuan notes appearing in 1947, 50,000 yuan in 1948 and 100,000 yuan in 1949.
4327:
3344:
4140:
4125:
3794:
3254:
2143:
4009:
2801:
2176:
4457:
4145:
4365:
267:. RMB banknotes start at one Yuan and go up to 100 Yuan. It is also used as a synonym of that currency, especially in international contexts – the
2662:
4160:
4120:
4090:
3415:
1804:(1911–1949), the transliteration "yuan" was often printed on the reverse of the first yuan banknotes but sometimes "dollar" was used instead.
3435:
2715:
2136:
2108:
2086:
4404:
4337:
4282:
4080:
3824:
3615:
3395:
2854:
2564:
2385:
3365:
2239:
1890:
3814:
3563:
1218:". Of these, only the Central Bank of China issued notes beyond 1943. An exceptionally large number of banknotes were issued during the
3991:
3318:
4409:
3059:
4589:
4447:
4389:
4342:
4095:
3959:
3350:
2118:
2096:
1925:
80:
4481:
4150:
4038:
3766:
3537:
3338:
2708:
1801:
1219:
4520:
4322:
4168:
3675:
3532:
3430:
2266:
2036:
4317:
3954:
3939:
3870:
3522:
3247:
2046:
433:
19:
This article is about the
Chinese base unit of currency. For the modern currency used in the People's Republic of China, see
3944:
3470:
3127:
2642:
2632:
2229:
1760:
425:
264:
4584:
4510:
4493:
4452:
4379:
4055:
3996:
3971:
3897:
3779:
3585:
3570:
3550:
3546:
3490:
3405:
3219:
2902:
2647:
2637:
2627:
2491:
2319:
2191:
1227:
771:
mint, known in the West at the time as Canton, and transliterated as Kwangtung, in denominations of 5 cents, 1, 2 and 5
2917:
4579:
4515:
4370:
4193:
3981:
3907:
3809:
3789:
3713:
3465:
3450:
3360:
3277:
3223:
2171:
1428:
308:
1748:
1770:
is also used in Taiwan. In 1946, a new currency was introduced for circulation there, replacing the Japanese issued
4442:
4384:
4332:
4188:
4130:
3605:
3595:
3445:
3375:
3308:
1399:
issued coins between 1931 and 1935, and banknotes between 1930 and 1949. Some of the banknotes were denominated in
2889:
2010:
4543:
4297:
4067:
4004:
3912:
3884:
3880:
3750:
3735:
3637:
3590:
3580:
3480:
3240:
3072:
2980:
2582:
2287:
1850:
1359:
734:
4274:
4239:
4218:
3929:
3924:
3860:
3829:
3695:
3510:
3455:
3440:
3333:
3303:
2539:
2442:
2437:
1195:
806:
756:
Banknotes were issued in yuan denominations from the 1890s by several local and private banks, along with the
271:
standard code for renminbi is CNY, an abbreviation of "Chinese yuan". (A similar case is the use of the terms
4347:
4287:
4173:
4043:
4033:
4021:
3762:
3723:
3685:
3610:
3410:
3355:
3298:
2181:
1855:
1456:
1396:
1207:
365:
1274:
The Japanese established two collaborationist regimes during their occupation in China. In the north, the "
4476:
4014:
3917:
3730:
3703:
3680:
3670:
3600:
3527:
3181:
1250:
1203:
757:
658:
4471:
4374:
4203:
3642:
2214:
1915:
1254:
1246:
1237:
During the 1930s, several new currencies came into being in China due to the activities of the invading
1215:
1211:
1164:
35:
1159:
4558:
4432:
4264:
4198:
4048:
3865:
3745:
3665:
3575:
3515:
3400:
2549:
2452:
2261:
2256:
2251:
2219:
2199:
819:
313:
1363:. These, known as "gold yuan notes", circulated as normal currency in the 1940s alongside the yuan.
4437:
4183:
4026:
3740:
3625:
3620:
3500:
3328:
2971:
2380:
2271:
2234:
2209:
2204:
776:
1890s by several local and private banks, along with banks established by the Imperial government.
738:
4292:
4259:
4213:
4208:
3784:
3718:
3323:
2070:
1842:
1419:
Various, mostly crude, coins were produced by the Soviets. Some only issued silver 1 yuan coins (
670:
662:
452:
4244:
4234:
3850:
3541:
3495:
3485:
3383:
3156:
2603:
2595:
2590:
2574:
2422:
2417:
2114:
2092:
2042:
1921:
1808:
1779:
1775:
1752:
1357:
Between 1930 and 1948, banknotes were also issued by the Central Bank of China denominated in
1191:
577:
538:
400:
118:
28:
1948:
4553:
4249:
4178:
3902:
3804:
3799:
3632:
3263:
3176:
2689:
2670:
2652:
2427:
2372:
2329:
1755:. A new yuan was introduced in 1955 at a rate of 10,000 old yuan = 1 new yuan, known as the
1436:
530:
381:
135:
99:
48:
605:
3475:
3202:
3076:
3040:
2675:
2400:
2057:
573:
534:
392:
and early Republic the yuan was a large, thick round coin made of silver, modelled on the
256:
4424:
3819:
3555:
3313:
3116:
3096:
3044:
2873:
2307:
2302:
2297:
2224:
1797:
1791:
1367:
1343:
682:
272:
284:
The symbol for the yuan (元) is also used in Chinese to refer to the currency units of
4573:
4499:
4254:
3708:
3647:
3425:
2737:
2554:
2473:
2447:
2347:
2292:
2244:
1975:
1424:
1242:
1199:
89:
3067:
1 yuan (元 / 圓) = 10 jiao or hou (角 / 毫) = 100 fen or sin (分 / 仙) = cash 1000 (釐 / 文)
1989:
1271:". A new series of base metal coins began production in 1936 following the reforms.
2962:
2946:
2942:
2913:
2893:
2559:
2113:. Colin R. Bruce II and Neil Shafer (editors) (7th ed.). Krause Publications.
2091:. Colin R. Bruce II and Neil Shafer (editors) (6th ed.). Krause Publications.
1865:
1860:
1828:
1371:
1350:
1322:
of a yuan), fen, jiao and yuan. Issuers included a variety of banks, including the
1268:
1184:
1176:
633:
561:
393:
389:
290:
1379:
issued notes in denominations of 1 and 5 fen, 1, 2 and 5 jiao, 1, 5 and 10 yuan.
3976:
3018:
3002:
2921:
2869:
2845:
2824:
2782:
2766:
2746:
2507:
2468:
2412:
2362:
2352:
2337:
785:
686:
651:
647:
2544:
1818:
1771:
811:
557:
420:
In many parts of China, the unit of renminbi is sometimes colloquially called
301:
541:. The unit of a New Taiwan dollar is also referred to in Standard Chinese as
4465:
4394:
3167:
3107:
3087:
3006:
2858:
2818:
2499:
2390:
2357:
1339:
1172:
1042:
768:
464:
456:
364:'European yuan'). When used in English in the context of the modern
764:, 1, 2, 5, 10, 50 and 100 yuan, although notes below 1 yuan were uncommon.
2700:
1354:
2,000 yuan in 1942, 2,500 and 5,000 yuan in 1945 and 10,000 yuan in 1947.
3986:
3136:
2750:
2618:
2432:
2342:
2312:
1756:
1180:
1112:
1084:
972:
889:
861:
565:
409:
369:
268:
260:
131:
20:
4505:
1464:
1460:
1432:
1335:
1327:
1283:
1126:
1098:
1056:
1028:
1000:
986:
460:
2128:
3147:
2395:
1140:
1070:
903:
637:
107:
24:
3232:
1387:
official currency of the Republic government in Taiwan until 2000.
3193:
2790:
2407:
1796:
Originally, a silver yuan had the same specifications as a silver
1459:
issued copper 1 and 5 fen and silver 2 jiao and 1 yuan coins. The
1448:
1444:
1440:
1420:
1301:
1238:
1222:(1911–1949) by provincial banks (both Nationalist and Communist).
1014:
958:
944:
931:
917:
875:
847:
805:
753:. The yuan was valued at 0.72 tael, (or 7 mace and 2 candareens).
746:
742:
617:
588:
553:
549:
468:
296:
285:
448:
has also been written as "quay" in English language publications
3014:
2515:
750:
690:
337:
94:
3236:
2704:
2132:
2059:袁大头.Yuan-Shihkai Dollar: 'Fat Man Dollar' Forgeries and Remints
1891:"Yuan or renminbi: what's the right word for China's currency?"
4308:
Mainland and Hong Kong Closer Economic Partnership Arrangement
798:
yuan coins. Aluminium 1 and 5 fen pieces were issued in 1940.
696:
The Chinese yuan was subdivided into 1,000 cash (Chinese:
372:(RMB), which is the official currency used in mainland China.
60:
54:
4136:
State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission
1190:
The number of banks issuing paper money increased after the
3965:
National Fund for Technology Transfer and Commercialisation
412:) is often prefixed to the amount (e.g. RMB¥100 or ¥100元).
4313:
Mainland and Macau Closer Economic Partnership Arrangement
2934:
1 (Song official) short string (貫 / 索 / 緡) = 770 cash (文)
1447:
Soviet only issued copper 1 fen coins and the North-West
130:) is the base unit of a number of former and present-day
69:
51:
16:
One of several Chinese currencies, historical and present
4086:
China Council for the Promotion of International Trade
1917:
Chinese Business 2.0 | Internationalizing the RMB
1914:
Randau, Henk R.; Medinskaya, Olga (10 November 2014).
767:
The earliest issues were silver coins produced at the
255:
Today, the term "yuan" usually refers to the primary
81:
72:
63:
1304:
occupiers issued coins and banknotes denominated in
4423:
4356:
4273:
4227:
4159:
4066:
3879:
3843:
3761:
3694:
3656:
3374:
3284:
3192:
3166:
3146:
3126:
3106:
3086:
3058:
3028:
2990:
2970:
2961:
2941:
2912:
2888:
2868:
2844:
2816:
2800:
2781:
2765:
2745:
2736:
2661:
2617:
2573:
2532:
2484:
2461:
2371:
2328:
2280:
2190:
2164:
312:as well as some other currencies; for example, the
57:
2930:1 String of cash coins (貫 / 索 / 緡) ≈ 1000 cash (文)
2881:1 String of cash coins (貫 / 索 / 緡) ≈ 1000 Qian (錢)
179:'lump'; originally a lump of silver). One
23:. For the currency used in the Republic of China (
3950:China Integrated Circuit Industry Investment Fund
4111:Ministry of Industry and Information Technology
3935:China Banknote Printing and Minting Corporation
1955:. Currency Information and Research. 2011-02-02
1276:Provisional Government of the Republic of China
1202:" (the former Ta-Ch'ing Government Bank), the "
3017:(兩) = 10 mace (錢) = 100 candareens (分) = 1000
598:
592:
4076:All-China Federation of Industry and Commerce
3248:
3099:(圓) = 10 jiao (角) = 100 fen (分) = li 1000 (釐)
2716:
2144:
2034:Krause, Chester L.; Clifford Mishler (1991).
1395:The various Soviets under the control of the
1194:. Significant national issuers included the "
810:1 yuan, 90% silver, commemorative; President
524:
403:
336:'American yuan') in Chinese, and the
306:, and is used to translate the currency unit
8:
4116:National Financial Regulatory Administration
2979:1 Chuan (串) / 1 Diao (吊) ≈ 1000 cash (文) or
641:
627:
621:
529:is also used to denote the base unit of the
4328:Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership
3345:Grasping the large, letting go of the small
1782:, it remains the currency of Taiwan today.
359:
331:
242:
218:
198:
174:
4549:
4303:Guangdong–Hong Kong–Macau Greater Bay Area
4141:State Administration for Market Regulation
4126:National Development and Reform Commission
3255:
3241:
3233:
2967:
2901:1 String of cash coins (貫 / 索 / 緡) ≈ 1000
2742:
2723:
2709:
2701:
2151:
2137:
2129:
2075:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
1179:, introduced a new currency, known as the
4010:National Equities Exchange and Quotations
2177:List of Chinese cash coins by inscription
1971:
1969:
4146:State Administration of Foreign Exchange
3179:(元) = 10 hou (毫) = 100 cents (仙) = 1000
1477:
1158:
824:
1881:
587:) was originally also written with the
368:, the Chinese yuan (CNY) refers to the
4121:National Bureau of Statistics of China
4091:China Securities Regulatory Commission
2068:
2041:(18th ed.). Krause Publications.
826:Provincial coinage for the first yuan
802:Date of first "yuan" coins by province
117:
2109:Standard Catalog of World Paper Money
2087:Standard Catalog of World Paper Money
1990:"Banknote images of China, 1914–1949"
1689:
1580:
399:The word is usually written with the
7:
4338:Western Taiwan Straits Economic Zone
4283:Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank
4081:All-China Federation of Trade Unions
1366:Banknotes of the yuan suffered from
388:literally means "round". During the
376:Etymology, writing and pronunciation
3815:Hong Kong Trade Development Council
1198:" (the former Imperial Bank), the "
1171:In 1917, the warlord in control of
636:. It is now written exclusively in
3319:Three-anti and Five-anti Campaigns
706:), 100 cents or fen (Chinese:
277:to designate British currency and
203:'corner') or colloquially
155:) is also known colloquially as a
14:
4343:Yangtze River Delta Economic Zone
4096:General Administration of Customs
3960:China Reform Holdings Corporation
3351:Scientific Outlook on Development
3159:(圓) = 10 dime (角) = 100 cents (分)
2462:Manufacturing and casting process
1467:Soviet issued copper 200 and 500
822:" coins minted by each province.
749:. The sycees were denominated in
440:, literally "piece") rather than
4548:
4539:
4538:
4390:2008–2009 economic stimulus plan
4151:State Administration of Taxation
4039:Stock Exchange Executive Council
3893:
3892:
3506:
3505:
3273:
3272:
1835:
1821:
1163:A 5 Yuan banknote issued by the
683:Spanish dollar or Mexican dollar
511:is a loan word from the English
47:
4400:2015–16 stock market turbulence
4323:Pearl River Delta Economic Zone
3139:(圓) = 10 jiao (角) = 100 fen (分)
3119:(圓) = 10 jiao (角) = 100 fen (分)
2267:Paper money of the Qing dynasty
2240:Jin dynasty coinage (1115–1234)
2037:Standard Catalog of World Coins
1297:Zhōngguó liánhé zhǔnbèi yínháng
818:This table sets out the first "
4318:Northeast China Revitalization
3955:China Internet Investment Fund
3940:China Government Guidance Fund
3037:Yuan / dollar / Mexican dollar
2663:Special administrative regions
1412:
1334:(for the puppet government in
1326:(for the puppet government in
1296:
1291:
1279:
1263:
726:
712:
702:
681:The yuan was derived from the
616:) used to be written with the
572:, also meaning "round" in the
525:
437:
429:
404:
354:
349:
345:
326:
237:
213:
193:
169:
164:
160:
151:
112:
1:
4410:China–United States trade war
4275:Regional economic initiatives
4228:National economic initiatives
3945:China-Africa Development Fund
3339:Deng Xiaoping's southern tour
3060:Republic of China (1912–1949)
3029:Silver (standardised coinage)
2540:Charms and amulets (Yansheng)
2230:Southern Song dynasty coinage
1949:"History of the Chinese Yuan"
1889:Phillips, Matt (2010-01-21).
1451:Soviet issued only copper 50
1413:Dōngběi jiǔ shěng liútōngquàn
1332:Federal Reserve Bank of China
1324:Central Reserve Bank of China
1288:Federal Reserve Bank of China
603:with the promulgation of the
4511:List of Chinese by net worth
4494:China Compulsory Certificate
4405:Protein export contamination
4056:Zhengzhou Commodity Exchange
3972:China Investment Corporation
3436:Business process outsourcing
3220:Chinese units of measurement
2320:Yuan of the Red Army Command
2011:"Table of New Taiwan dollar"
1759:. It is the currency of the
3825:Water supply and sanitation
3224:History of Chinese currency
3047:(分 / 仙) = 1000 cash (厘 / 文)
2758:1 Peng (朋) = ? Bei (貝)
2172:History of Chinese currency
382:Standard (Mandarin) Chinese
348:; traditional Chinese:
263:(RMB), the currency of the
163:; traditional Chinese:
4606:
4333:Rise of Central China Plan
4131:National Energy Commission
3148:Republic of China (Taiwan)
3128:People's Republic of China
2954:1 Guan (貫) ≈ 1000 cash (文)
1792:Spanish dollar § Asia
1789:
1761:People's Republic of China
597:, which was simplified to
281:for the unit of account.)
265:People's Republic of China
247:'small portion').
33:
18:
4529:
4366:2005–2011 property bubble
4298:China Western Development
4005:Dalian Commodity Exchange
3270:
3216:
2684:
2288:Historical money of Tibet
1851:Chinese customs gold unit
1708:
1705:
1702:
1686:
1648:
1645:
1642:
1609:
1606:
1603:
1577:
1549:
1546:
1543:
1500:
1497:
1494:
1471:and silver 1 yuan coins.
1407:
1309:
1258:
834:Years of coin production
833:
830:
721:
707:
697:
666:
642:
628:
622:
599:
593:
504:
496:
488:
344:(simplified Chinese:
321:
232:
208:
188:
159:(simplified Chinese:
146:
103:
4590:Denominations (currency)
4240:Belt and Road Initiative
4219:Rural credit cooperative
3992:Foreign exchange reserve
3925:Beijing Financial Street
3334:Socialist market economy
2443:Great Qing Treasure Note
2438:Great Ming Treasure Note
2056:Meyerhofer, Adi (2013).
1749:People's Liberation Army
1604:Fujian-Zhejiang-Jiangxi
1495:Chinese Soviet Republic
1349:In the aftermath of the
1196:Commercial Bank of China
223:'feather'). One
4482:Globalization and women
4348:Zhongyuan Economic Zone
4288:Beibu Gulf Economic Rim
4068:Government institutions
4044:Shenzhen Stock Exchange
4034:Shanghai Metal Exchange
4022:Shanghai Stock Exchange
3686:Zhangjiang Hi-Tech Park
3671:Megalopolises in China
2731:Currency units of China
2192:By period (before 1912)
2182:Ancient Chinese coinage
1953:currencyinformation.org
1895:The Wall Street Journal
1856:Ancient Chinese coinage
1457:Chinese Soviet Republic
1397:Chinese Communist Party
788:) 5, 10 and 20 fen and
626:from 1902 to 1910, and
545:and written as 元 or 圓.
366:foreign exchange market
4521:Science and technology
4415:2020–2021 reform spree
4169:International rankings
4015:Beijing Stock Exchange
3681:Suzhou Industrial Park
3676:Special Economic Zones
3205:(圓) = 10 ho (毫) = 100
2991:Silver (weights based)
1976:Chinese Dragon Coinage
1786:Connection with dollar
1251:Bank of Communications
1208:Ningpo Commercial Bank
1204:Bank of Communications
1168:
1167:in the Republican era.
815:
758:Imperial Bank of China
523:The Chinese character
519:Related currency units
3871:Intellectual property
3366:1949–1976 wage reform
3309:Industrial Revolution
2215:Southern Tang coinage
2106:Pick, Albert (1994).
2084:Pick, Albert (1990).
1255:Farmers Bank of China
1247:Central Bank of China
1216:Farmers Bank of China
1212:Central Bank of China
1165:Central Bank of China
1162:
809:
394:Mexican silver dollar
36:Yuan (disambiguation)
4559:Economy of East Asia
4265:Youth Business China
4101:Ministry of Commerce
4049:SZSE Component Index
3666:Dalian Software Park
2855:String of cash coins
2550:Vault protector coin
2262:Qing dynasty coinage
2257:Ming dynasty coinage
2252:Yuan dynasty coinage
2220:Liao dynasty coinage
2200:Zhou dynasty coinage
2089:: Specialized Issues
1544:Hunan-Hubei-Jiangxi
1429:Northeastern Jiangxi
669:), means "round" in
620:(Chinese) character
591:(Chinese) character
314:United States dollar
34:For other uses, see
4585:Currencies of China
4106:Ministry of Finance
4027:SSE Composite Index
3997:Hedge fund industry
3844:Law and regulations
3551:academic publishing
3329:Four Modernizations
2857:(貫 / 索 / 緡) ≈ 1000
2751:bronze cowry shells
2533:Historical exonumia
2235:Western Xia coinage
2210:Xin dynasty coinage
2205:Han dynasty coinage
2159:Currencies of China
827:
741:and various silver
455:, widely spoken in
434:traditional Chinese
227:is divided into 10
183:is divided into 10
4580:Currencies of Asia
4516:Chinese economists
4489:National Standards
4385:2007 slave scandal
4293:Bohai Economic Rim
4260:Made in China 2025
4209:Internal migration
4194:Standard of living
3982:Financial services
3856:Labor contract law
3810:Illegal drug trade
3780:World Trade Center
3616:Telecommunications
3564:equipment industry
3396:Advanced materials
3361:Population history
3324:Great Leap Forward
3278:Companies of China
2774:Hua (化) or Huo (貨)
2009:sinobanknote.com.
1843:Numismatics portal
1439:) whilst the West
1360:customs gold units
1312:) (and were worth
1169:
825:
816:
671:Mongolian language
583:The Japanese yen (
564:respectively, are
444:. The pinyin term
426:simplified Chinese
4567:
4566:
4380:2007 stock bubble
4245:Common prosperity
4235:Beijing Consensus
4189:Income inequality
3658:Development Zones
3230:
3229:
3073:Customs gold unit
3054:
3053:
2840:
2839:
2698:
2697:
2604:New Taiwan dollar
2596:Chinese gold yuan
2591:Old Taiwan dollar
2583:Customs gold unit
2575:Republic of China
2281:Other territories
1809:Republic of China
1780:New Taiwan dollar
1776:Old Taiwan dollar
1736:
1735:
1152:
1151:
548:The names of the
539:New Taiwan dollar
507:), respectively.
416:Alternative words
401:Chinese character
362:
334:
245:
221:
201:
177:
29:New Taiwan dollar
4597:
4554:Outline of China
4552:
4551:
4542:
4541:
4375:pet food recalls
4250:Dual circulation
4001:Stock Exchanges
3930:Financial system
3896:
3895:
3835:Trading partners
3581:Renewable energy
3509:
3508:
3276:
3275:
3264:Economy of China
3257:
3250:
3243:
3234:
2968:
2743:
2725:
2718:
2711:
2702:
2690:Economy of China
2671:Hong Kong dollar
2153:
2146:
2139:
2130:
2124:
2111:: General Issues
2102:
2080:
2074:
2066:
2064:
2052:
2021:
2020:
2018:
2017:
2006:
2000:
1999:
1997:
1996:
1985:
1979:
1973:
1964:
1963:
1961:
1960:
1945:
1939:
1938:
1936:
1934:
1911:
1905:
1904:
1902:
1901:
1886:
1845:
1840:
1839:
1838:
1831:
1826:
1825:
1824:
1703:Sichuan-Shaanxi
1578:Northwest Anwei
1478:
1414:
1409:
1391:Civil War period
1372:Second World War
1351:Second World War
1336:Peking (Beijing)
1321:
1320:
1316:
1311:
1298:
1293:
1286:established the
1284:Peking (Beijing)
1281:
1278:" (Chinese:
1265:
1260:
828:
814:, minted in 1924
797:
796:
792:
728:
723:
714:
709:
704:
699:
668:
659:Mongolian tögrög
645:
644:
632:some time after
631:
630:
625:
624:
612:The Korean won (
602:
601:
596:
595:
556:currency units,
531:Hong Kong dollar
528:
527:
506:
498:
490:
439:
431:
407:
406:
363:
360:
356:
351:
347:
335:
332:
328:
323:
246:
243:
239:
234:
222:
219:
215:
210:
202:
199:
195:
190:
178:
175:
171:
166:
162:
153:
148:
129:
128:
127:
121:
114:
105:
85:
79:
78:
75:
74:
71:
66:
65:
62:
59:
56:
53:
4605:
4604:
4600:
4599:
4598:
4596:
4595:
4594:
4570:
4569:
4568:
4563:
4525:
4419:
4352:
4269:
4223:
4155:
4062:
3875:
3861:Labor relations
3839:
3757:
3690:
3652:
3538:Pharmaceuticals
3370:
3304:Five-year plans
3280:
3266:
3261:
3231:
3226:
3212:
3188:
3162:
3142:
3122:
3102:
3082:
3068:
3050:
3024:
3010:
2986:
2957:
2937:
2931:
2908:
2884:
2864:
2836:
2822:
2812:
2796:
2777:
2761:
2732:
2729:
2699:
2694:
2680:
2676:Macanese pataca
2657:
2613:
2569:
2528:
2480:
2457:
2401:Kaiyuan Tongbao
2367:
2324:
2276:
2186:
2160:
2157:
2127:
2121:
2105:
2099:
2083:
2067:
2062:
2055:
2049:
2033:
2029:
2024:
2015:
2013:
2008:
2007:
2003:
1994:
1992:
1987:
1986:
1982:
1978:Ken Elks, 2000.
1974:
1967:
1958:
1956:
1947:
1946:
1942:
1932:
1930:
1928:
1913:
1912:
1908:
1899:
1897:
1888:
1887:
1883:
1879:
1874:
1841:
1836:
1834:
1827:
1822:
1820:
1817:
1794:
1788:
1741:
1393:
1342:issued its own
1318:
1314:
1313:
1157:
804:
794:
790:
789:
737:). It replaced
679:
535:Macanese pataca
521:
418:
378:
257:unit of account
253:
124:
123:
122:
83:
68:
50:
46:
39:
32:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4603:
4601:
4593:
4592:
4587:
4582:
4572:
4571:
4565:
4564:
4562:
4561:
4556:
4546:
4530:
4527:
4526:
4524:
4523:
4518:
4513:
4508:
4503:
4496:
4491:
4486:
4485:
4484:
4474:
4469:
4462:
4461:
4460:
4455:
4450:
4440:
4435:
4429:
4427:
4425:Related topics
4421:
4420:
4418:
4417:
4412:
4407:
4402:
4397:
4392:
4387:
4382:
4377:
4368:
4362:
4360:
4354:
4353:
4351:
4350:
4345:
4340:
4335:
4330:
4325:
4320:
4315:
4310:
4305:
4300:
4295:
4290:
4285:
4279:
4277:
4271:
4270:
4268:
4267:
4262:
4257:
4252:
4247:
4242:
4237:
4231:
4229:
4225:
4224:
4222:
4221:
4216:
4211:
4206:
4201:
4196:
4191:
4186:
4181:
4176:
4174:Social welfare
4171:
4165:
4163:
4157:
4156:
4154:
4153:
4148:
4143:
4138:
4133:
4128:
4123:
4118:
4113:
4108:
4103:
4098:
4093:
4088:
4083:
4078:
4072:
4070:
4064:
4063:
4061:
4060:
4059:
4058:
4053:
4052:
4051:
4041:
4036:
4031:
4030:
4029:
4019:
4018:
4017:
4007:
3999:
3994:
3989:
3984:
3979:
3974:
3969:
3968:
3967:
3962:
3957:
3952:
3947:
3937:
3932:
3927:
3922:
3921:
3920:
3915:
3910:
3900:
3889:
3887:
3877:
3876:
3874:
3873:
3868:
3863:
3858:
3853:
3847:
3845:
3841:
3840:
3838:
3837:
3832:
3827:
3822:
3817:
3812:
3807:
3802:
3797:
3795:Postal history
3792:
3790:Communications
3787:
3782:
3777:
3771:
3769:
3767:infrastructure
3759:
3758:
3756:
3755:
3754:
3753:
3748:
3743:
3733:
3728:
3727:
3726:
3724:Oil refineries
3721:
3711:
3706:
3700:
3698:
3692:
3691:
3689:
3688:
3683:
3678:
3673:
3668:
3662:
3660:
3654:
3653:
3651:
3650:
3645:
3640:
3635:
3630:
3629:
3628:
3618:
3613:
3608:
3603:
3598:
3593:
3588:
3583:
3578:
3573:
3568:
3567:
3566:
3558:
3553:
3544:
3535:
3530:
3525:
3520:
3519:
3518:
3503:
3498:
3493:
3488:
3483:
3478:
3473:
3468:
3466:Electric power
3463:
3461:Electric motor
3458:
3453:
3448:
3443:
3438:
3433:
3428:
3423:
3418:
3413:
3408:
3403:
3398:
3393:
3392:
3391:
3380:
3378:
3372:
3371:
3369:
3368:
3363:
3358:
3356:Historical GDP
3353:
3348:
3341:
3336:
3331:
3326:
3321:
3316:
3314:Iron rice bowl
3311:
3306:
3301:
3296:
3290:
3288:
3282:
3281:
3271:
3268:
3267:
3262:
3260:
3259:
3252:
3245:
3237:
3228:
3227:
3217:
3214:
3213:
3211:
3210:
3198:
3196:
3190:
3189:
3187:
3186:
3172:
3170:
3164:
3163:
3161:
3160:
3152:
3150:
3144:
3143:
3141:
3140:
3132:
3130:
3124:
3123:
3121:
3120:
3112:
3110:
3104:
3103:
3101:
3100:
3092:
3090:
3084:
3083:
3081:
3080:
3069:
3064:
3062:
3056:
3055:
3052:
3051:
3049:
3048:
3043:(角 / 毫) = 100
3032:
3030:
3026:
3025:
3023:
3022:
3011:
2994:
2992:
2988:
2987:
2985:
2984:
2976:
2974:
2965:
2959:
2958:
2956:
2955:
2951:
2949:
2939:
2938:
2936:
2935:
2932:
2927:
2925:
2910:
2909:
2907:
2906:
2898:
2896:
2886:
2885:
2883:
2882:
2878:
2876:
2874:Three Kingdoms
2866:
2865:
2863:
2862:
2850:
2848:
2842:
2841:
2838:
2837:
2835:
2834:
2830:
2828:
2814:
2813:
2811:
2810:
2806:
2804:
2798:
2797:
2795:
2794:
2793:(斤) or Yin (釿)
2787:
2785:
2779:
2778:
2776:
2775:
2771:
2769:
2763:
2762:
2760:
2759:
2755:
2753:
2740:
2734:
2733:
2730:
2728:
2727:
2720:
2713:
2705:
2696:
2695:
2693:
2692:
2685:
2682:
2681:
2679:
2678:
2673:
2667:
2665:
2659:
2658:
2656:
2655:
2650:
2645:
2640:
2635:
2630:
2624:
2622:
2615:
2614:
2612:
2611:
2601:
2598:
2593:
2588:
2585:
2579:
2577:
2571:
2570:
2568:
2567:
2562:
2557:
2552:
2547:
2542:
2536:
2534:
2530:
2529:
2527:
2526:
2521:
2513:
2505:
2497:
2488:
2486:
2482:
2481:
2479:
2478:
2477:
2476:
2465:
2463:
2459:
2458:
2456:
2455:
2450:
2445:
2440:
2435:
2430:
2425:
2420:
2415:
2410:
2405:
2404:
2403:
2398:
2393:
2388:
2377:
2375:
2369:
2368:
2366:
2365:
2360:
2355:
2350:
2345:
2340:
2334:
2332:
2326:
2325:
2323:
2322:
2317:
2316:
2315:
2308:Xinjiang coins
2305:
2303:Mengjiang yuan
2300:
2298:Manchukuo yuan
2295:
2290:
2284:
2282:
2278:
2277:
2275:
2274:
2269:
2264:
2259:
2254:
2249:
2248:
2247:
2237:
2232:
2227:
2225:Da Shu coinage
2222:
2217:
2212:
2207:
2202:
2196:
2194:
2188:
2187:
2185:
2184:
2179:
2174:
2168:
2166:
2162:
2161:
2158:
2156:
2155:
2148:
2141:
2133:
2126:
2125:
2119:
2103:
2097:
2081:
2053:
2047:
2030:
2028:
2025:
2023:
2022:
2001:
1980:
1965:
1940:
1926:
1906:
1880:
1878:
1875:
1873:
1870:
1869:
1868:
1863:
1858:
1853:
1847:
1846:
1832:
1816:
1813:
1802:Republican era
1798:Spanish dollar
1787:
1784:
1740:
1737:
1734:
1733:
1729:
1728:
1724:
1723:
1719:
1718:
1714:
1713:
1710:
1707:
1704:
1700:
1699:
1695:
1694:
1691:
1688:
1684:
1683:
1679:
1678:
1674:
1673:
1669:
1668:
1664:
1663:
1659:
1658:
1654:
1653:
1650:
1647:
1644:
1640:
1639:
1635:
1634:
1630:
1629:
1625:
1624:
1620:
1619:
1615:
1614:
1611:
1608:
1605:
1601:
1600:
1596:
1595:
1591:
1590:
1586:
1585:
1582:
1579:
1575:
1574:
1570:
1569:
1565:
1564:
1560:
1559:
1555:
1554:
1551:
1548:
1545:
1541:
1540:
1536:
1535:
1531:
1530:
1526:
1525:
1521:
1520:
1516:
1515:
1511:
1510:
1506:
1505:
1502:
1499:
1496:
1492:
1491:
1490:Denominations
1488:
1485:
1482:
1410:; pinyin:
1392:
1389:
1370:following the
1368:hyperinflation
1308:(Chinese:
1294:; pinyin:
1290:(Chinese:
1261:; pinyin:
1253:and later the
1220:Republican era
1156:
1155:Republican era
1153:
1150:
1149:
1146:
1143:
1137:
1136:
1133:
1130:
1123:
1122:
1119:
1116:
1109:
1108:
1105:
1102:
1095:
1094:
1091:
1088:
1081:
1080:
1077:
1074:
1067:
1066:
1063:
1060:
1053:
1052:
1049:
1046:
1039:
1038:
1035:
1032:
1025:
1024:
1021:
1018:
1011:
1010:
1007:
1004:
997:
996:
993:
990:
983:
982:
979:
976:
969:
968:
965:
962:
955:
954:
951:
948:
941:
940:
937:
934:
928:
927:
924:
921:
914:
913:
910:
907:
900:
899:
896:
893:
886:
885:
882:
879:
872:
871:
868:
865:
858:
857:
854:
851:
844:
843:
840:
836:
835:
832:
803:
800:
724:; pinyin:
720:(Chinese:
710:; pinyin:
700:; pinyin:
678:
675:
520:
517:
503:(Chinese:
495:(Chinese:
487:(Chinese:
417:
414:
377:
374:
352:; pinyin:
324:; pinyin:
320:(Chinese:
252:
249:
235:; pinyin:
231:(Chinese:
211:; pinyin:
207:(Chinese:
191:; pinyin:
187:(Chinese:
167:; pinyin:
149:; pinyin:
145:(Chinese:
119:[ɥæ̌n]
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4602:
4591:
4588:
4586:
4583:
4581:
4578:
4577:
4575:
4560:
4557:
4555:
4547:
4545:
4537:
4536:
4532:
4531:
4528:
4522:
4519:
4517:
4514:
4512:
4509:
4507:
4504:
4502:
4501:
4500:Made in China
4497:
4495:
4492:
4490:
4487:
4483:
4480:
4479:
4478:
4477:Globalization
4475:
4473:
4470:
4468:
4467:
4463:
4459:
4456:
4454:
4451:
4449:
4446:
4445:
4444:
4441:
4439:
4436:
4434:
4431:
4430:
4428:
4426:
4422:
4416:
4413:
4411:
4408:
4406:
4403:
4401:
4398:
4396:
4393:
4391:
4388:
4386:
4383:
4381:
4378:
4376:
4372:
4369:
4367:
4364:
4363:
4361:
4359:
4355:
4349:
4346:
4344:
4341:
4339:
4336:
4334:
4331:
4329:
4326:
4324:
4321:
4319:
4316:
4314:
4311:
4309:
4306:
4304:
4301:
4299:
4296:
4294:
4291:
4289:
4286:
4284:
4281:
4280:
4278:
4276:
4272:
4266:
4263:
4261:
4258:
4256:
4255:Go Out policy
4253:
4251:
4248:
4246:
4243:
4241:
4238:
4236:
4233:
4232:
4230:
4226:
4220:
4217:
4215:
4212:
4210:
4207:
4205:
4202:
4200:
4197:
4195:
4192:
4190:
4187:
4185:
4182:
4180:
4177:
4175:
4172:
4170:
4167:
4166:
4164:
4162:
4158:
4152:
4149:
4147:
4144:
4142:
4139:
4137:
4134:
4132:
4129:
4127:
4124:
4122:
4119:
4117:
4114:
4112:
4109:
4107:
4104:
4102:
4099:
4097:
4094:
4092:
4089:
4087:
4084:
4082:
4079:
4077:
4074:
4073:
4071:
4069:
4065:
4057:
4054:
4050:
4047:
4046:
4045:
4042:
4040:
4037:
4035:
4032:
4028:
4025:
4024:
4023:
4020:
4016:
4013:
4012:
4011:
4008:
4006:
4003:
4002:
4000:
3998:
3995:
3993:
3990:
3988:
3985:
3983:
3980:
3978:
3975:
3973:
3970:
3966:
3963:
3961:
3958:
3956:
3953:
3951:
3948:
3946:
3943:
3942:
3941:
3938:
3936:
3933:
3931:
3928:
3926:
3923:
3919:
3916:
3914:
3911:
3909:
3906:
3905:
3904:
3901:
3899:
3891:
3890:
3888:
3886:
3882:
3878:
3872:
3869:
3867:
3864:
3862:
3859:
3857:
3854:
3852:
3849:
3848:
3846:
3842:
3836:
3833:
3831:
3828:
3826:
3823:
3821:
3818:
3816:
3813:
3811:
3808:
3806:
3803:
3801:
3798:
3796:
3793:
3791:
3788:
3786:
3783:
3781:
3778:
3776:
3775:Trade history
3773:
3772:
3770:
3768:
3764:
3760:
3752:
3749:
3747:
3744:
3742:
3739:
3738:
3737:
3734:
3732:
3729:
3725:
3722:
3720:
3717:
3716:
3715:
3712:
3710:
3707:
3705:
3704:Energy policy
3702:
3701:
3699:
3697:
3693:
3687:
3684:
3682:
3679:
3677:
3674:
3672:
3669:
3667:
3664:
3663:
3661:
3659:
3655:
3649:
3646:
3644:
3641:
3639:
3636:
3634:
3631:
3627:
3624:
3623:
3622:
3619:
3617:
3614:
3612:
3609:
3607:
3604:
3602:
3599:
3597:
3594:
3592:
3589:
3587:
3584:
3582:
3579:
3577:
3574:
3572:
3569:
3565:
3562:
3561:
3559:
3557:
3554:
3552:
3548:
3545:
3543:
3539:
3536:
3534:
3533:Pearl farming
3531:
3529:
3528:Online gaming
3526:
3524:
3521:
3517:
3514:
3513:
3512:
3504:
3502:
3499:
3497:
3494:
3492:
3489:
3487:
3484:
3482:
3479:
3477:
3474:
3472:
3469:
3467:
3464:
3462:
3459:
3457:
3454:
3452:
3449:
3447:
3444:
3442:
3439:
3437:
3434:
3432:
3431:Biotechnology
3429:
3427:
3424:
3422:
3419:
3417:
3414:
3412:
3409:
3407:
3404:
3402:
3399:
3397:
3394:
3390:
3387:
3386:
3385:
3382:
3381:
3379:
3377:
3373:
3367:
3364:
3362:
3359:
3357:
3354:
3352:
3349:
3346:
3342:
3340:
3337:
3335:
3332:
3330:
3327:
3325:
3322:
3320:
3317:
3315:
3312:
3310:
3307:
3305:
3302:
3300:
3297:
3295:
3292:
3291:
3289:
3287:
3283:
3279:
3269:
3265:
3258:
3253:
3251:
3246:
3244:
3239:
3238:
3235:
3225:
3221:
3215:
3208:
3204:
3200:
3199:
3197:
3195:
3191:
3184:
3183:
3178:
3174:
3173:
3171:
3169:
3165:
3158:
3154:
3153:
3151:
3149:
3145:
3138:
3134:
3133:
3131:
3129:
3125:
3118:
3114:
3113:
3111:
3109:
3105:
3098:
3094:
3093:
3091:
3089:
3085:
3078:
3074:
3070:
3066:
3065:
3063:
3061:
3057:
3046:
3042:
3039:(元 / 圓) = 10
3038:
3034:
3033:
3031:
3027:
3020:
3016:
3012:
3008:
3004:
3000:
2996:
2995:
2993:
2989:
2982:
2978:
2977:
2975:
2973:
2969:
2966:
2964:
2960:
2953:
2952:
2950:
2948:
2944:
2940:
2933:
2929:
2928:
2926:
2923:
2919:
2915:
2911:
2904:
2900:
2899:
2897:
2895:
2891:
2887:
2880:
2879:
2877:
2875:
2871:
2867:
2860:
2856:
2852:
2851:
2849:
2847:
2843:
2832:
2831:
2829:
2826:
2820:
2815:
2808:
2807:
2805:
2803:
2799:
2792:
2789:
2788:
2786:
2784:
2780:
2773:
2772:
2770:
2768:
2764:
2757:
2756:
2754:
2752:
2748:
2744:
2741:
2739:
2738:Ancient China
2735:
2726:
2721:
2719:
2714:
2712:
2707:
2706:
2703:
2691:
2687:
2686:
2683:
2677:
2674:
2672:
2669:
2668:
2666:
2664:
2660:
2654:
2651:
2649:
2646:
2644:
2641:
2639:
2636:
2634:
2631:
2629:
2626:
2625:
2623:
2620:
2616:
2609:
2605:
2602:
2600:Silver dollar
2599:
2597:
2594:
2592:
2589:
2586:
2584:
2581:
2580:
2578:
2576:
2572:
2566:
2563:
2561:
2558:
2556:
2555:Zhaona Xinbao
2553:
2551:
2548:
2546:
2543:
2541:
2538:
2537:
2535:
2531:
2525:
2522:
2520:
2519:
2514:
2512:
2511:
2506:
2504:
2503:
2498:
2496:
2495:
2490:
2489:
2487:
2483:
2475:
2474:Ancestor coin
2472:
2471:
2470:
2467:
2466:
2464:
2460:
2454:
2453:Silver Dragon
2451:
2449:
2448:Hubu Guanpiao
2446:
2444:
2441:
2439:
2436:
2434:
2431:
2429:
2426:
2424:
2421:
2419:
2416:
2414:
2411:
2409:
2406:
2402:
2399:
2397:
2394:
2392:
2389:
2387:
2384:
2383:
2382:
2379:
2378:
2376:
2374:
2370:
2364:
2361:
2359:
2356:
2354:
2351:
2349:
2348:Ant-nose coin
2346:
2344:
2341:
2339:
2336:
2335:
2333:
2331:
2327:
2321:
2318:
2314:
2311:
2310:
2309:
2306:
2304:
2301:
2299:
2296:
2294:
2293:Kucha coinage
2291:
2289:
2286:
2285:
2283:
2279:
2273:
2270:
2268:
2265:
2263:
2260:
2258:
2255:
2253:
2250:
2246:
2245:Da Qi coinage
2243:
2242:
2241:
2238:
2236:
2233:
2231:
2228:
2226:
2223:
2221:
2218:
2216:
2213:
2211:
2208:
2206:
2203:
2201:
2198:
2197:
2195:
2193:
2189:
2183:
2180:
2178:
2175:
2173:
2170:
2169:
2167:
2163:
2154:
2149:
2147:
2142:
2140:
2135:
2134:
2131:
2122:
2120:0-87341-207-9
2116:
2112:
2110:
2104:
2100:
2098:0-87341-149-8
2094:
2090:
2088:
2082:
2078:
2072:
2061:
2060:
2054:
2050:
2044:
2040:
2038:
2032:
2031:
2026:
2012:
2005:
2002:
1991:
1988:Ronald Wise.
1984:
1981:
1977:
1972:
1970:
1966:
1954:
1950:
1944:
1941:
1929:
1927:9783319076775
1923:
1919:
1918:
1910:
1907:
1896:
1892:
1885:
1882:
1876:
1871:
1867:
1864:
1862:
1859:
1857:
1854:
1852:
1849:
1848:
1844:
1833:
1830:
1819:
1814:
1812:
1810:
1805:
1803:
1800:. During the
1799:
1793:
1785:
1783:
1781:
1777:
1773:
1769:
1764:
1763:to this day.
1762:
1758:
1757:renminbi yuan
1754:
1750:
1745:
1738:
1731:
1730:
1726:
1725:
1721:
1720:
1716:
1715:
1711:
1701:
1697:
1696:
1692:
1685:
1681:
1680:
1676:
1675:
1671:
1670:
1666:
1665:
1661:
1660:
1656:
1655:
1651:
1641:
1637:
1636:
1632:
1631:
1627:
1626:
1622:
1621:
1617:
1616:
1612:
1602:
1598:
1597:
1593:
1592:
1588:
1587:
1583:
1576:
1572:
1571:
1567:
1566:
1562:
1561:
1557:
1556:
1552:
1542:
1538:
1537:
1533:
1532:
1528:
1527:
1523:
1522:
1518:
1517:
1513:
1512:
1508:
1507:
1503:
1493:
1489:
1486:
1483:
1480:
1479:
1476:
1472:
1470:
1466:
1462:
1458:
1454:
1450:
1446:
1442:
1438:
1434:
1433:North Shaanxi
1430:
1426:
1422:
1417:
1415:
1404:
1402:
1398:
1390:
1388:
1386:
1380:
1376:
1373:
1369:
1364:
1362:
1361:
1355:
1352:
1347:
1345:
1341:
1337:
1333:
1329:
1325:
1307:
1303:
1299:
1289:
1285:
1277:
1272:
1270:
1266:
1256:
1252:
1248:
1244:
1243:Bank of China
1240:
1235:
1233:
1229:
1223:
1221:
1217:
1213:
1209:
1205:
1201:
1200:Bank of China
1197:
1193:
1188:
1186:
1182:
1178:
1174:
1166:
1161:
1154:
1147:
1144:
1142:
1139:
1138:
1134:
1131:
1128:
1125:
1124:
1120:
1117:
1114:
1111:
1110:
1106:
1103:
1100:
1097:
1096:
1092:
1089:
1086:
1083:
1082:
1078:
1075:
1072:
1069:
1068:
1064:
1061:
1058:
1055:
1054:
1050:
1047:
1044:
1041:
1040:
1036:
1033:
1030:
1027:
1026:
1022:
1019:
1016:
1013:
1012:
1008:
1005:
1002:
999:
998:
994:
991:
988:
985:
984:
980:
977:
974:
971:
970:
966:
963:
960:
957:
956:
952:
949:
946:
943:
942:
938:
935:
933:
930:
929:
925:
922:
919:
916:
915:
911:
908:
905:
902:
901:
897:
894:
891:
888:
887:
883:
880:
877:
874:
873:
869:
866:
863:
860:
859:
855:
852:
849:
846:
845:
841:
838:
837:
829:
823:
821:
813:
808:
801:
799:
787:
782:
777:
774:
770:
765:
763:
759:
754:
752:
748:
744:
740:
736:
733:
729:
719:
715:
705:
694:
692:
688:
684:
677:Early history
676:
674:
672:
664:
660:
655:
653:
649:
639:
635:
619:
615:
610:
608:
607:
590:
586:
581:
579:
575:
571:
567:
563:
559:
555:
551:
546:
544:
540:
536:
532:
518:
516:
514:
510:
502:
494:
486:
482:
478:
474:
470:
466:
462:
458:
454:
449:
447:
443:
435:
427:
423:
415:
413:
411:
402:
397:
395:
391:
387:
383:
375:
373:
371:
367:
357:
343:
339:
329:
319:
315:
311:
310:
305:
303:
298:
294:
292:
287:
282:
280:
276:
275:
270:
266:
262:
258:
251:Current usage
250:
248:
240:
230:
226:
216:
206:
196:
186:
182:
172:
158:
154:
144:
139:
137:
133:
126:
120:
115:
109:
101:
97:
96:
91:
87:
86:
77:
44:
37:
30:
26:
22:
4534:
4533:
4498:
4472:Demographics
4464:
4458:Largest SOEs
4204:Urbanization
3913:Central bank
3643:Video gaming
3523:Mobile phone
3206:
3180:
3075:(關金圓) = 100
3036:
3001:(元 / 圓) = 7
2998:
2963:Qing dynasty
2747:cowry shells
2560:Bamboo tally
2523:
2517:
2509:
2501:
2493:
2338:Cowrie shell
2107:
2085:
2058:
2035:
2027:Bibliography
2014:. Retrieved
2004:
1993:. Retrieved
1983:
1957:. Retrieved
1952:
1943:
1931:. Retrieved
1920:. Springer.
1916:
1909:
1898:. Retrieved
1894:
1884:
1866:Japanese Yen
1861:Digital yuan
1829:Money portal
1806:
1795:
1767:
1765:
1746:
1742:
1473:
1468:
1452:
1418:
1411:
1405:
1400:
1394:
1384:
1381:
1377:
1365:
1358:
1356:
1348:
1331:
1323:
1305:
1295:
1287:
1273:
1269:Legal tender
1262:
1236:
1231:
1224:
1189:
1185:Japanese yen
1177:Zhang Zuolin
1170:
817:
780:
778:
772:
766:
761:
755:
731:
725:
717:
711:
701:
695:
680:
656:
634:World War II
613:
611:
604:
584:
582:
569:
568:of Mandarin
547:
542:
522:
512:
508:
500:
492:
484:
480:
476:
472:
450:
445:
441:
421:
419:
398:
390:Qing dynasty
385:
379:
353:
341:
325:
317:
307:
299:
288:
283:
278:
273:
254:
236:
228:
224:
212:
204:
192:
184:
180:
168:
156:
150:
142:
140:
111:
93:
42:
40:
4433:Agriculture
4371:2007 export
4199:Foreign aid
4161:Development
3977:CITIC Group
3918:Other banks
3866:Food safety
3576:Real estate
3516:gold mining
3471:Electronics
3401:Aquaculture
3041:jiao or hou
2981:copper coin
2922:Western Xia
2846:Qin dynasty
2802:Round coins
2783:Spade money
2767:Knife money
2485:Near modern
2469:Mother coin
2413:Flying cash
2363:Spade money
2353:Knife money
2039:: 1801–1991
1484:Start year
1455:coins. The
1282:) based in
1214:" and the "
1045:(Kwangtung)
820:silver yuan
786:cupronickel
739:copper cash
687:Philippines
652:South Korea
580:languages.
483:are called
4574:Categories
4438:Bankruptcy
4214:Emigration
4184:Corruption
3898:Accounting
3851:Tax system
3751:Geothermal
3621:Television
3586:Securities
3571:Rare earth
3547:Publishing
3491:Hedge fund
3406:Automotive
3376:Industries
3218:See also:
3045:fen or sin
3007:candareens
2972:Cash coins
2688:See also:
2545:Horse coin
2500:Candareen
2381:Cash coins
2048:0873411501
2016:2006-11-23
1995:2006-11-23
1959:2019-12-02
1900:2014-03-03
1872:References
1790:See also:
1772:Taiwan yen
1687:Pingjiang
1330:) and the
1192:revolution
1129:(Szechwan)
1115:(Sinkiang)
1087:(Shantung)
1059:(Kweichow)
975:(Kiangnan)
892:(Fongtien)
864:(Chekiang)
812:Duan Qirui
716:), and 10
646:, in both
606:Tōyō kanji
537:, and the
340:is called
316:is called
132:currencies
4535:See also:
4466:The Hongs
4443:Companies
4395:2010 Expo
3785:Transport
3736:Renewable
3719:Oil shale
3451:Container
3421:Aerospace
3168:Hong Kong
3108:Mengjiang
3088:Manchukuo
2924:dynasties
2825:Chu state
2819:Ying Yuan
2391:Ban Liang
2358:Ying Yuan
2071:cite book
2065:. Munich.
1877:Citations
1766:The term
1753:civil war
1732:10 chuan
1662:10 chuan
1487:End year
1437:Pingjiang
1340:Manchukuo
1173:Manchuria
1043:Guangdong
1031:(Kwangsi)
1003:(Kiangsu)
989:(Kiangsi)
769:Guangdong
663:Mongolian
609:in 1946.
465:Hong Kong
457:Guangdong
453:Cantonese
4544:Category
3987:Renminbi
3805:Shipping
3638:Textiles
3606:Software
3596:Shipping
3591:Sex toys
3560:Railway
3542:pharmacy
3496:Internet
3486:Gambling
3416:Aircraft
3411:Aviation
3384:Industry
2833:Yuan (爰)
2809:Quan (泉)
2619:Renminbi
2433:Jiaochao
2373:Imperial
2343:Tong Bei
2313:Hongqian
2272:Shengbao
2165:Overview
1815:See also
1727:5 chuan
1722:3 chuan
1717:2 chuan
1712:1 chuan
1672:2 chuan
1667:1 chuan
1657:2 chuan
1652:1 chuan
1638:10 yuan
1302:Japanese
1292:中國聯合準備銀行
1280:中華民國臨時政府
1239:Japanese
1210:", the "
1206:", the "
1181:Fengtien
1113:Xinjiang
1101:(Shensi)
1085:Shandong
1073:(Shansi)
973:Jiangnan
906:(Fukien)
890:Liaoning
878:(Chihli)
862:Zhejiang
850:(Anhwei)
831:Province
578:Japanese
566:cognates
554:Japanese
410:renminbi
384:, 圓 / 圆
370:renminbi
274:sterling
269:ISO 4217
261:renminbi
21:Renminbi
4506:Mingong
4453:Top 500
4448:Largest
4179:Poverty
3908:History
3903:Banking
3885:banking
3881:Finance
3830:Exports
3800:Tourism
3731:Nuclear
3633:Tourism
3626:digital
3481:Fishing
3389:history
3294:History
3286:History
3021:(厘 / 釐)
2653:Digital
2518:(liǎng)
2386:Strings
2330:Ancient
1807:In the
1747:As the
1698:2 jiao
1693:1 jiao
1682:1 yuan
1677:5 jiao
1633:1 yuan
1628:5 jiao
1623:2 jiao
1618:1 jiao
1613:10 wén
1599:5 yuan
1594:1 yuan
1589:5 jiao
1584:2 jiao
1573:1 yuan
1568:5 jiao
1563:3 jiao
1558:2 jiao
1553:1 jiao
1539:3 yuan
1534:2 yuan
1529:1 yuan
1524:5 jiao
1519:2 jiao
1514:1 jiao
1465:Shaanxi
1461:Sichuan
1408:東北九省流通券
1385:de jure
1328:Nanking
1317:⁄
1300:). The
1127:Sichuan
1099:Shaanxi
1057:Guizhou
1029:Guangxi
1017:(Kirin)
1001:Jiangsu
987:Jiangxi
961:(Kansu)
947:(Hupeh)
920:(Honan)
842:Finish
793:⁄
745:called
499:), and
461:Guangxi
327:Měiyuán
318:Meiyuan
259:of the
136:Chinese
100:Chinese
27:), see
4358:Events
3696:Energy
3511:Mining
3456:Cotton
3446:Coffee
3441:Cement
3299:Reform
3203:pataca
3177:dollar
3157:dollar
3009:(七錢二分)
3005:and 2
2920:, and
2621:series
2510:(qián)
2423:Guanzi
2418:Jiaozi
2396:Wu Zhu
2117:
2095:
2045:
1933:24 May
1924:
1774:, the
1643:Hubei
1509:5 fen
1504:1 fen
1425:Eyuwan
1267:) or "
1141:Yunnan
1071:Shanxi
904:Fujian
747:sycees
743:ingots
667:төгрөг
638:Hangul
574:Korean
550:Korean
533:, the
479:, and
471:, the
436::
428::
355:Ōuyuán
342:Ouyuan
309:dollar
110::
108:pinyin
102::
25:Taiwan
3820:Ports
3763:Trade
3746:Solar
3611:Steel
3556:Radio
3501:Media
3194:Macau
3079:(關金分)
3077:cents
2821:coins
2817:Gold
2565:Token
2516:Tael
2508:Mace
2502:(fēn)
2494:(wén)
2492:Cash
2428:Huizi
2408:Sycee
2063:(PDF)
1739:Today
1709:1933
1706:1932
1690:1931
1649:1932
1646:1930
1610:1934
1607:1932
1581:1932
1550:1933
1547:1931
1501:1936
1498:1933
1481:Area
1449:Anhui
1445:Hubei
1441:Hunan
1421:Hunan
1401:chuàn
1148:1949
1135:1930
1121:1949
1107:1928
1093:1906
1079:1913
1065:1949
1051:1929
1037:1949
1023:1909
1015:Jilin
1009:1906
995:1912
981:1911
967:1928
959:Gansu
953:1920
945:Hubei
939:1926
932:Hunan
926:1931
918:Henan
912:1932
898:1929
884:1908
876:Hebei
870:1924
856:1909
848:Anhui
839:Start
648:North
640:, as
618:hanja
589:kanji
469:Macau
297:Korea
286:Japan
279:pound
84:A(H)N
3883:and
3765:and
3741:Wind
3709:Coal
3648:Wine
3601:Silk
3549:and
3540:and
3476:Film
3426:Beer
3207:avos
3137:yuan
3117:yuan
3097:yuan
3019:cash
3015:Tael
3003:mace
2999:Yuan
2947:Ming
2943:Yuan
2914:Song
2903:cash
2894:Tang
2859:Quan
2749:and
2587:Fabi
2524:Yuan
2115:ISBN
2093:ISBN
2077:link
2043:ISBN
1935:2019
1922:ISBN
1768:yuan
1435:and
1344:yuan
1319:1000
1264:fǎbì
1228:cash
1145:1906
1132:1898
1118:1901
1104:1928
1090:1904
1076:1913
1062:1928
1048:1889
1034:1919
1020:1899
1006:1898
992:1901
978:1898
964:1914
950:1895
936:1897
923:1905
909:1896
895:1897
881:1896
867:1897
853:1897
781:jiao
773:jiao
762:jiao
751:tael
735:dime
727:jiǎo
718:jiao
691:Guam
689:and
657:The
650:and
576:and
570:yuán
560:and
552:and
543:yuán
513:cent
493:hòuh
477:jiao
473:yuan
467:and
446:kuài
442:yuán
422:kuài
386:yuán
361:lit.
338:euro
333:lit.
295:and
244:lit.
225:jiao
220:lit.
200:lit.
194:jiǎo
185:jiao
181:yuan
176:lit.
170:kuài
157:kuai
152:yuán
143:yuan
113:yuán
90:sign
82:yoo-
43:yuan
41:The
3714:Oil
3209:(仙)
3185:(文)
3182:mil
2983:(枚)
2918:Jin
2905:(文)
2890:Jin
2870:Han
2861:(泉)
2791:Jin
2648:5th
2643:4th
2638:3rd
2633:2nd
2628:1st
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1469:wen
1453:wen
1234:).
1232:wén
732:cf.
713:fēn
703:wén
693:.
614:won
562:yen
558:won
509:Sīn
501:sīn
491:),
485:mān
481:fen
451:In
380:In
302:won
291:yen
238:fēn
229:fen
214:máo
205:mao
147:圓/元
134:in
104:圓/元
4576::
4373:/
3222:-
3201:1
3175:1
3155:1
3135:1
3115:1
3095:1
3071:1
3035:1
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2997:1
2916:,
2853:1
2073:}}
2069:{{
1968:^
1951:.
1893:.
1431:,
1427:,
1423:,
1346:.
1306:li
1259:法幣
1249:,
1245:,
1175:,
730:,
673:.
665::
654:.
585:en
515:.
475:,
463:,
459:,
432:;
396:.
358:;
350:歐元
346:欧元
330:;
322:美元
241:;
217:;
197:;
173:;
141:A
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116:;
106:;
98:;
92::
88:;
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2152:e
2145:t
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2123:.
2101:.
2079:)
2051:.
2019:.
1998:.
1962:.
1937:.
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1463:-
1443:-
1315:1
1310:釐
1230:(
795:2
791:1
722:角
708:分
698:文
661:(
643:원
629:圓
623:圜
600:円
594:圓
526:圓
505:仙
497:毫
489:蚊
438:塊
430:块
424:(
405:元
304:)
300:(
293:)
289:(
233:分
209:毛
189:角
165:塊
161:块
95:¥
76:/
73:n
70:æ
64:n
58:ˈ
52:j
49:/
45:(
38:.
31:.
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