Yugoslav coup d'état - Knowledge (XXG)

407:, the aforementioned strong association between each national group and its dominant religion, and uneven economic development. In particular, the religious primacy of the Serbian Orthodox Church in national affairs and discrimination against Catholics and Muslims compounded the dissatisfaction of the non-Serbian population with the Serbian-dominated ruling groups that controlled patronage and government appointments, and treated non-Serbs as second-class citizens. This centralised system arose from Serbian military strength and Croatian intransigence, and was sustained by Croatian disengagement, Serbian overrepresentation, corruption, and a lack of discipline within political parties. This state of affairs was initially maintained by subverting the democratic system of government through political bribery. The domination of the rest of Yugoslavia by Serbian ruling elites meant that the country was never consolidated in the political sense, and was therefore never able to address the social and economic challenges it faced. 1288:, and handed him a statement which declared that the new government would accept all its international obligations, including accession to the Tripartite Pact, as long as the national interests of the country were protected. For his part, Heeren demanded an apology for the anti-German demonstrations, immediate ratification of the Tripartite Pact, and demobilisation of the Yugoslav armed forces. Heeren returned to his office to discover a message from Berlin instructing that contact with Yugoslav officials was to be avoided, and he was recalled to Berlin, departing the following day. No reply was given to Ninčić. On 2 April, orders were issued for the evacuation of the German embassy, which occurred the next day, and the German 1159:, writing in 1977, although supported with British intelligence and encouragement, the "nitiative came from the Yugoslavs, and only by a stretch of the imagination can the British be said to have planned or directed the coup d'etat." Radoje Knežević vehemently denied any British involvement at all in a series of published letters between himself and Stafford, until in 1979, Stafford apologised for his error and for any offence caused to Radoje Knežević. In 1999, Ivo Tasovac criticised Stafford's revised conclusion, pointing to evidence that the plotters were dependent on British intelligence, and that senior British officials met with both Simović and Mirković immediately before the coup was carried out. The British 793:, Hungary concluded a friendship and non-aggression treaty with Yugoslavia. Although the concept had received support from both Germany and Italy, the actual signing of the treaty did not. Germany's planned invasion of Greece would be simplified if Yugoslavia could be neutralised. Over the next few months, Prince Paul and his ministers laboured under overwhelming diplomatic pressure, a threat of an attack by the Germans from Bulgarian territory, and the unwillingness of the British to promise practical military support. Six months prior to the coup, British policy towards the government of Yugoslavia had shifted from acceptance of Yugoslav neutrality to pressuring the country for support in the war against Germany. 47: 1825:. The proponents of accommodation also considered that Yugoslavia might have been able to enter the war on the Allied side at a later time and with less sacrifice. The KPJ saw the coup and invasion as a trigger for the wider revolt which resulted in its ultimate victory, and this aspect was commemorated each year in post-war Yugoslavia. In the final analysis, the primary significance of the coup was that it placed Yugoslavia's accession to the Tripartite Pact into doubt, which led directly to the Axis invasion. Tomasevich concurs with the KPJ evaluation that the coup and the resulting invasion were the starting point for the successful communist-led revolution. 422: 1335:

he needed to show HSS support for the new government and that joining it was necessary. He also demanded that four Croatian politicians from the deposed cabinet be part of the new one, to which Simović agreed. On 4 April, Maček travelled to Belgrade and accepted the post on several conditions: that the new government respect the Cvetković–Maček Agreement and expand the autonomy of the Banovina Croatia in some respects; that the new government respect the country's accession to the Tripartite Pact; and that one Serb and one Croatian temporarily assume the role of regents. That same day exiled Croatian politician and

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German nationals in Yugoslavia had been subjected to atrocities, similar to the propaganda issued prior to the invasions of Poland and Czechoslovakia. This media onslaught also attempted to exploit divisions between Serbs and Croats, by pledging that the latter would have a prominent role in the country in the future. After the coup ethnic relations concerning Germans in Yugoslavia were tense, but rarely resulted in outright violence. The Yugoslav government denied allegations of German ethnic repression. Thousands of German nationals left Yugoslavia on instructions from Berlin.

1112:, bitterly wrote in his diary that, "All in all, Croats and Serbs are of two worlds... that will never move closer to one another without an act of God". He also wrote, "The Schism is the greatest curse in Europe, almost greater than Protestantism. There is no morality, no principle, there is no truth, no justice, no honesty ." On the same day, he publicly called on the Catholic clergy to pray for King Peter and that Croatia and Yugoslavia would be spared a war. The coup resulted in only one death, which was accidental. 1060: 1761:

friendly relations towards that party″, which fell short of a commitment to provide military assistance. Stalin's intention by entering into the treaty was to signal to Hitler that the Soviet Union had interests in the Balkans, while not antagonising his erstwhile ally. For this reason, Soviet military intervention in Yugoslavia was never considered. According to Tomasevich, this was "an almost meaningless diplomatic move", which could have had no real impact on the situation in which Yugoslavia found herself.

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disunited and weak". It quickly realised that it had to embrace a foreign policy that bore a strong resemblance to that of the preceding administration. Budisavljević and Čubrilović, along with the four HSS politicians, were re-instated to cabinet. It included members who fell into three groups; those who were strongly opposed to the Axis and prepared to face war with Germany, those who advocated peace with Germany, and those that were uncommitted. The groups were divided as follows:

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remained a source of pride for the most outspoken Serbian nationalists and politicians from the Serbian ruling groups that supported it. Those that had advanced a policy of accommodation with the Axis maintained that had the coup not occurred, Yugoslavia would have been able to remain neutral and would have therefore escaped invasion and the many other consequences, including the large number of deaths and widespread destruction during the war, and the victory of the communist-led

1836:, an "utter blunder, based on wishful thinking and emotions rather than a realistic appreciation of the country's limited economic and military potential". By overthrowing Prince Paul and the Cvetković government who had sought accommodation with the Croats, the coup also operationalised Serbian opposition to the Cvetković-Maček Agreement. Further, it underlined the lack of unity between Serbs and Croats, which limited the military options available to the Yugoslav government. 727: 900:. The British were friendly with Budisavljević, and his resignation at British urging precipitated the resignations of the other two. The Germans reacted by imposing an ultimatum to accept by midnight 23 March or forfeit any further chances. Prince Paul and Cvetković obliged and accepted, despite believing German promises were "worthless". On 23 March, Germany's guarantee of Yugoslavia's territorial security and its promise not to use its railroads were publicised. In the 951: 671:, which was to be a relatively autonomous political unit within Yugoslavia. Separatist Croats considered the Agreement did not go far enough, and many Serbs believed it went too far in giving power to Croats. The Cvetković-led cabinet formed in the wake of the Agreement was resolutely anti-Axis, but remained on friendly terms with Germany, and included five members of the HSS, with Maček as deputy Prime Minister. 1044:, and children remained in Belgrade. Accompanied by Šubašić, he reached the capital by train that evening and was met by Simović, who took him to the war ministry where he and the other two regents relinquished power, immediately abolishing the regency. Having already made arrangements with the British consul in Zagreb, Prince Paul and his family left that evening for Greece, after which they travelled to 930:. An official banquet was held which Hitler complained felt like a funeral party. German radio later announced that "the Axis Powers would not demand the right of passage of troops or war materials," while the official document mentioned only troops and omitted mention of war materials. Likewise the pledge to give Salonika to Yugoslavia does not appear on the document. In Athens, 888:

discuss the terms of the Pact and whether Yugoslavia should sign it. The council's members were willing to agree, but only under the condition that Germany let its concessions be made public. Germany agreed and the Council approved the terms. Three cabinet ministers resigned on 20 March in protest of the impending signing of the Pact. These were the Minister of the Interior,

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Yugoslavia in delaying Operation Barbarossa, and the subsequent Axis defeat by the Soviet Union, is disputed. In 1975, Tomasevich wrote that the events in Yugoslavia were "a partial cause of what proved to be a fateful delay in Hitler's invasion of the Soviet Union", and went on to state that many writers consider that this delay was responsible for the German failure to

719:(SOE) office in Belgrade went to significant lengths to support the opposition to the anti-Axis Cvetković government, which undermined the hard-won balance in Yugoslav politics that that government represented. SOE Belgrade was entangled with pro-Serbian policies and interests, and disregarded or underestimated warnings from SOE and British diplomats in 503:, but the important member of the regency was Prince Paul. Although Prince Paul was more liberal than his cousin, the dictatorship continued uninterrupted. The dictatorship had allowed the country to follow a consistent foreign policy, but Yugoslavia needed peace at home in order to assure peace with its neighbours, all of whom had 1250:, intellectuals, leftist students, the opposition, the army and army air force, and the Orthodox Church. The generals had various reasons for disliking Prince Paul, including being placed on the retired or reserve lists, postings to lesser roles to prevent them from engaging in politics, and aversion to Prince Paul's policies. 1101:, the putsch was immediately welcomed by the senior clergy of the church, as the Holy Assembly of Bishops convened on 27 March in response to the coup. Patriarch Gavrilo also spoke publicly in support of the King and the new regime over the radio. King Peter II was inaugurated in the presence of Patriarch Gavrilo on 28 March. 1040:. Maček urged Prince Paul to oppose the putsch and Marić pledged the support of the Croatian units of the army. Maček suggested that Prince Paul stay in Zagreb, with the possibility of mobilising army units in the Banovina of Croatia in his support. Prince Paul declined this offer, at least partially because his wife, 1141:; and Simović. Nedić and Krasojević refused as they felt they could not take an active part due to their positions, Stanković promised not to use the Royal Guard against the people and to keep his knowledge of the plot secret, Ilić did not think he had the political influence to perform the role, and Simović agreed. 392:(Bosnian Muslims and Albanians). The religious diversity deepened the divisions within Yugoslav society. Serbs and Montenegrins made up 38.8 per cent of the population, Croats contributed 23.9 per cent, Slovenes 8.5 per cent, Bosnian Muslims 6.3 per cent, Macedonians 5.3 per cent, and Albanians 4 per cent. 715:. These combined intelligence operations were aimed at strengthening Yugoslavia and keeping her neutral while encouraging covert activities. In mid to late 1940, British intelligence became aware of coup plotting, but managed to side-track the plans, preferring to continue working through Prince Paul. The 876:, the Soviet internal affairs ministry, Gavrilović was a fully recruited Soviet agent, but Sudoplatov states that they knew that Gavrilović also had ties with the British. The Yugoslavs initially sought a military alliance, but this was rejected by the Soviet side, as they were already bound by the 1939 1844:

in the winter of 1941–1942. He acknowledged that, apart from the coup and invasion, the wet spring of 1941 contributed a two or three week delay to the launching of Barbarossa, but saw the delay caused by events in Yugoslavia as an important indirect factor in eventual Axis defeat in the war. In 1972

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At the same time he ordered the invasion of Yugoslavia, Hitler postponed the invasion of the Soviet Union, Operation Barbarossa, by about four weeks from its original date of 15 May. Up to this point, the need for some delay due to the particularly wet spring in eastern Europe may have been foreseen,

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Simović's response to Mirković's claims was published posthumously. Simović claimed that he "stood in the center of the whole undertaking" and "personally engaged his assistant Brigadier General Bora Mirković for the action". Tomasevich considers Mirković's account to be the more credible of the two,

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There are contradictory claims as to who was the leader of the coup, coming from Simović, Mirković, and Živan Knežević. Mirković claimed sole credit immediately after the coup and stated on its tenth anniversary that: "Only after I had informed General about my idea and he had accepted it did I make

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On the morning of 27 March, the royal palace was surrounded and the coup's advocates issued a radio message that impersonated the voice of King Peter with a "proclamation to the people", calling on them to support the King. Peter was surprised by the coup, and heard of his coming of age for the first

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sees the dysfunctionality and lack of legitimacy of the regime as the reasons why the kingdom's internal politics became ethnically polarised, a phenomenon that has been referred to as the "national question" in Yugoslavia. Failures to establish the rule of law, to protect individual rights, to build

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examined the arguments supporting this position and dismissed such views as based on "sloppy scholarship" and "wishful thinking". He concluded that the invasion of Yugoslavia facilitated and accelerated the overall Balkan campaign, and that the fact that the Germans did not capitalise on the earlier

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Another result of the coup was that the work that had been done by British intelligence with the anti-Axis government of Cvetković and Maček was lost. By supporting the coup plotters, the SOE undermined the balance in Yugoslav politics that had been achieved by the Cvetković–Maček Agreement. Serbian

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Simović named Maček as Deputy Prime Minister once again in the new government, but Maček was reluctant and remained in Zagreb while he decided what to do. While he considered the coup had been an entirely Serbian initiative aimed at both Prince Paul and the Cvetković–Maček Agreement, he decided that

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to Prince Paul and the government, that he believed that Yugoslavia was about to be fully encircled by enemy countries and that ultimately Germany would win the war. Nedić proposed to the government that it abandon its neutral stance and join the Axis as soon as possible in the thinking that joining

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Prince Paul recognised the lack of national solidarity and political weakness of his country, and after he assumed power he made repeated attempts to negotiate a political settlement with Maček, the leader of the dominant Croatian political party in Yugoslavia, the HSS. In January 1937, Stojadinović

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Prince Paul was found guilty of war crimes in September 1945 for his role in the Yugoslav accession to the Tripartite Pact. In 2011, a High Court in Serbia found the sentence to be politically and ideologically motivated and Prince Paul was officially rehabilitated. A similar decision had been made

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Stojadinović sought authority from Prince Paul to form a new cabinet, but Korošec as head of the Senate advised the prince to form a new government under Cvetković. Prince Paul dismissed Stojadinović and appointed Cvetković in his place, with a direction that he reach an agreement with Maček. While

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were the main organisers in the overthrow of the government. In addition to Radoje Knežević, some other civilian leaders were probably aware of the takeover before it was launched and moved to support it once it occurred, but they were not among the organisers. Peter II himself was surprised by the

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Hitler's decision to invade Yugoslavia delayed the concurrent invasion of Greece by five days, but this was more than made up for by the advantages of being able to invade Greece via southern Yugoslavia, allowing the outflanking of the Aliakmon Line. The role of the coup and subsequent invasion of

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advised the diplomats of friendly countries to leave the country. Heeren tried to assure Hitler that the putsch was an internal matter between Yugoslav political elites, and that action against Yugoslavia was unnecessary, but he was ignored. On 31 March, after offering Croatia to Hungary and being

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In the wake of the coup, Simović's new government refused to ratify Yugoslavia's signing of the Tripartite Pact, but did not openly rule it out. Hitler, angered by the coup and anti-German incidents in Belgrade, gathered his senior officers and ordered that Yugoslavia be crushed without delay. In

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was signed. King Peter later credited simply the "younger and middle ranks of the Yugoslav army" for the coup in a speech on 17 December 1941. In 1951, Mirković stated that he had been considering a putsch since 1938, and had discussed the idea quite openly with a significant number of generals,

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fell on deaf ears, and after Alexander's assassination, nothing of note happened on that front until 1937. In the aftermath of Alexander's assassination, Yugoslavia was isolated both militarily and diplomatically, and reached out to France to assist its bilateral relationship with Italy. With the

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Sue Onslow, in a bid to place the coup in the broader context of the British policy towards Yugoslavia between the outbreak of the Second World War and the events on 27 March 1941, writes that the coup was a major propaganda victory for Britain, as it "proved a tremendous, if ephemeral, boost to

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with the Soviet Union in Moscow, for which talks had been underway since March. The relevant final article of the treaty read as follows: ″In the event of aggression against one of the contracting parties on the part of a third power, the other contracting party undertakes to observe a policy of

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25 which called for Yugoslavia to be treated as a hostile state. Italy was to be included in the operations and the directive made specific mention that "fforts will be made to induce Hungary and Bulgaria to take part in operations by offering them the prospect of regaining Banat and Macedonia".

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On 17 March, Prince Paul returned to Berchtesgaden and was told by Hitler that it was his last chance for Yugoslavia to join the Pact, renouncing this time the request for the use of Yugoslav railways in order to facilitate their accession. Two days later, Prince Paul convened a Crown Council to

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worked to "organise cries for help" from ethnic Germans, Croats, Macedonians, and Slovenes in Yugoslavia that could be published in the press to provide moral justification for a German invasion. The German media simultaneously launched a barrage of accusations against Yugoslavia, claiming that

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Other than the dispute over who could take credit for staging the coup, the event itself and the dismal showing of the Yugoslav armed forces during the invasion were extensively analysed and discussed by participants, Yugoslav and foreign scholars, and others, both during and after the war. It

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Mappleback met with his close friend Mirković on the same day and told him that the coup had to be carried out within the next 48 hours. According to the historian Marta Iaremko, writing in 2014, "the vast majority of researchers" consider that the putsch was planned with the assistance of the

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On 5 April the new cabinet met for the first time. While the first two conditions set by Maček were met, the appointment of regents was impracticable given King Peter had been declared to be of age. Involving representatives from across the political spectrum, Simović's cabinet was "extremely

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and territorial security. On 17 February, Bulgaria and Turkey signed an agreement of friendship and non-aggression, which effectively destroyed attempts to create a neutral Balkan bloc. Prince Paul denounced the agreement and the Bulgarians, describing their actions as "perfidy". On 18 and 23

452:) based on rivers rather than traditional regions. There was significant opposition to this move, with Serbian and Slovene opposition parties and figures advocating the division of Yugoslavia into six ethnically based administrative units. By 1933, discontent in the largely Croatian-populated 1096:

declared that "Yugoslavia has found its soul," and he even considered that a Balkan front could be established with Turkish help. The news resulted in Greek attempts to change their defence plans, and the Greeks also pressed the Yugoslavs to attack the Italians in Albania. The Polish and

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was sent to Belgrade to assist in the coup. The activities of the USSR in Yugoslavia had been boosted by the establishment of a Soviet mission in Belgrade in 1940; the Soviet Union had been developing its intelligence network through left-wing journalists and academics at the

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Furthermore, the directive stated that "nternal tensions in Yugoslavia will be encouraged by giving political assurances to the Croats", taking account of their dissatisfaction with their position in pre-war Yugoslavia. Later, Hitler stated that the coup had been a shock.

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and subsequent outbreak of war in September 1939, the Yugoslav Intelligence Service was cooperating with British intelligence agencies on a large scale across the country. This cooperation, which had existed to a lesser extent during the early 1930s, intensified after the

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and Eleanor Hancock, using new archival findings for their analysis of the invasion of Greece came to the conclusion that there is “little doubt” that to some degree the invasion of Yugoslavia forced a delay to the planned start date of the invasion of the Soviet Union.

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that Yugoslavia would not engage the German military if they entered Bulgaria. He explained that to do so would be wrongful and that it would not be understood by the Slovenes and Croats. On 1 March, Yugoslavia was further isolated when Bulgaria signed the Pact and the

1088:. The crowds at these demonstrations shouted slogans in support of the United Kingdom, and also frequently used the slogan that had been used by demonstrators the day before the coup, "Better the war than the pact, better the grave than a slave". Members of the 856:, expressed his expectation that the Yugoslavs would sign if German troops did not cross their border. During March, secret treaty negotiations commenced in Moscow between Yugoslavia and the Soviet Union, represented respectively by the Yugoslav ambassador, 694:, who had been organising covert anti-Axis activities. In October 1940, Simović was again approached by plotters planning a coup but he was non-committal. From the outbreak of war British diplomacy focused on keeping Yugoslavia neutral, which the Ambassador 1832:, the coup was essentially a brave gesture of defiance, mainly by Serbs, against the German domination signified by signing of the Tripartite Pact, undertaken in the full knowledge that invasion would likely follow. It was also, according to the historian 340:, and that other factors determined the start date for Operation Barbarossa. On the other hand, findings published in 2013 have led to assertions that the invasion of Yugoslavia did somewhat contribute to a delay in the launching of Operation Barbarossa. 804:, visited Belgrade and issued an ultimatum, saying that if Yugoslavia permitted German troop passage then the US would not "interfere on her behalf" at peace talks. Around the same time, suspicious of Prince Paul's actions, the British Prime Minister, 817:

and parts of Serbia, probably directed at the Italians. Hitler also pressed the Yugoslavs to permit the transportation of German supplies through Yugoslavia's territory, along with greater economic cooperation. In exchange he offered a port near the

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the decision to undertake the planned revolt. I made the decision myself, and I also carried out the whole organization. I made the decision as to when the revolt would take place." It is likely that he had been a planning a coup since 1937 when an

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met with Cvetković and his foreign minister and requested Yugoslavia's accession to the Tripartite Pact. He pushed for the demobilisation of the Royal Yugoslav Army—there had been a partial "reactivation" (a euphemism for mobilisation) in

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time on the radio. Pamphlets with the proclamation of the coup were subsequently dropped into cities from aircraft. Demonstrations followed in Belgrade and other large Yugoslav cities that continued for the next few days, including in

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was asked not to take part, holding its position at the Romania-Yugoslav border. Internal conflict in Hungary over the invasion plans between the army and Teleki led to the Prime Minister's suicide that same evening. Also on 3 April,

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agenda. The coup and its immediate aftermath also contributed to the paralysis within the Yugoslav government-in-exile during the rest of the war, due to ongoing disputes regarding the legitimacy of the Cvetković–Maček Agreement.

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played no part in the coup, although it made a significant contribution to the mass street-protests in many cities that signalled popular support for it once it had occurred. The putsch was successful and deposed the three-member

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as prime minister in 1935, Germany and Yugoslavia became more closely aligned. The trade relationship between the two countries also developed considerably, and Germany became Yugoslavia's most important trading partner.

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An inspector of post, telegraph and telephone assisted Mirković by cutting off communications between Belgrade and the rest of the country. Tanks and artillery were deployed on all the main streets of Belgrade, and by

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and a declaration of friendship, but Hitler insisted on his proposals. Prince Paul warned that "I fear that if I follow your advice and sign the Tripartite Pact I shall no longer be here in six months." On 8 March,

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the Axis would protect Yugoslavia against its "greedy neighbors". A few days later Prince Paul, having realised the impossibility of following Nedić's advice, replaced him with the ageing and compliant General

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than expected end of operations in Yugoslavia by bringing forward the start date for Operation Barbarossa proves beyond doubt that other factors determined the start date. In 2013, the Australian historians

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met with Maček at Prince Paul's request, but Stojadinović was unwilling or unable to grapple with the issue of Croatian dissatisfaction with a Yugoslavia dominated by the Serbian ruling class. In 1938, the

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had developed into full-blown civil disorder, which the regime countered with a series of assassinations, attempted assassinations and arrests of key Croatian opposition figures including the leader of the

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International Relations and the Countries of Central and South-Eastern Europe during the Fascist Aggression in the Balkans and Preparations for an Attack on the USSR (September 1940 – June 1941)

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forced the government to seek shelter outside the city. From here, King Peter and Simović planned to leave for exile. Maček, refusing to leave the country, resigned on 7 April and designated

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Even within the Royal Yugoslav Army, divisions between a Croatian-Slovene pro-Axis faction and a Serbian pro-Allied faction emerged. The Axis invasion of Yugoslavia began on 6 April. The

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tolerance and equality, and to guarantee the neutrality of the state in matters relating to religion, language and culture contributed to this illegitimacy and the resulting instability.

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Czechoslovakian governments-in-exile both praised the coup, and news of it was received in Greece with "wild enthusiasm". According to the memoirs of the Serbian Orthodox Patriarch,

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including Milan Nedić. He went on to say that he had offered the lead role in the post-coup government to a number of prominent people, including: Milan Nedić; the governor of the

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was strong, and defeating it would necessitate the expenditure of considerable effort. Despite this, he remained concerned about the threat to the southern flank of his planned

4733: 938:. On the following day, Serbian demonstrators gathered on the streets of Belgrade shouting "Better the grave than a slave, better a war than the pact" (Serbo-Croatian Latin: 352:, formed in 1918 under the name Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes, incorporated diverse national and religious groups with varied historical backgrounds. These included 1268:

using bases in Greece and Yugoslavia to conduct air attacks against the southern flank of the pending attack on the Soviet Union. On the same day as the coup he issued

4010:Международные отношения и страны Центральной и Юго-Восточной Европы в период фашистской агрессии на Балканах и подготовки нападения на СССР (сентябрь 1940 – июнь 1941) 199: 153: 4763: 4728: 556: 4008:

Reshetnikov, Leonid (1992), "К вопросу о советско-югославском договоре о дружбе и ненападении ", in Gibianskij, Leonid Ânovič; Sluč, Sergej Zinov'evič (eds.),

1198:′s instructions, with a view to strengthening the USSR's strategic position in the Balkans. A group of Soviet intelligence officers that included Major General 1145:

and points out it is corroborated from several sources, both Allied and Axis. The matter would play a role in the factionalism that would divide the soon-to-be

631:, made a nationalist speech in the Assembly in which he stated that "Serb policies will always be the policies of this house and this government." Head of the 297:(Axis). The coup had been planned for several months, but the signing of the Tripartite Pact spurred the organisers to carry it out, encouraged by the British 623:

led by Maček had attracted 44.9 per cent of the vote, but due to the electoral rules by which the government parties received 40 per cent of the seats in the

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The military conspirators brought to power the 17-year-old King Peter II (whom they declared to be of-age to assume the throne) and formed a weak and divided

962:, and Royal Guard officers in nearby Belgrade. The only senior officers involved were from the air force. Under the supervision of the VVKJ deputy commander 551:, seeing her as a guarantor of European peace treaties. This was formalised through a treaty of friendship signed in 1927. With these arrangements in place, 204: 146: 1104:

For other nations in Yugoslavia, the prospect of war and the government's close ties to the Serbian Orthodox Church was not at all appealing. Archbishop

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designs on its territory, and after a decade of bilateral treaties, had formalised the arrangements in 1933. This had been followed the next year by the

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On 3 April, Führer Directive 26 was issued, detailing the plan of attack and command structure for the invasion. Hungary and Bulgaria were promised the

1426: 1411: 921: 441: 4016:] (in Russian), Moscow, Russian Federation: Institute of Slavic Studies and Balkan Studies of the Russian Academy of Sciences, pp. 110–123, 4743: 1822: 966:, headquartered at the VVKJ base at Zemun, officers assumed control of critical buildings and locations in the early hours of 27 March, including: 627:

before votes were counted, the opposition vote only translated into 67 seats out of a total of 373. On 3 February 1939, the Minister of Education,

616: 4656: 4100: 1611: 1596: 4339: 4318: 4296: 4275: 4199: 4178: 4133: 4089: 4066: 4042: 3998: 3979: 3955: 3934: 3883: 3834: 3815: 3791: 3753: 3732: 3702: 3681: 3633: 3609: 3590: 3570: 687: 4056: 1864: 1516: 843:. A time limit for Prince Paul, who was uncommitted and "wavering", was not set. Prince Paul, in the middle of a cabinet crisis, offered a 664: 578: 4738: 1684: 1331:, a captain in the VVKJ, also defected to the Germans on 3 April taking with him valuable information about the country's air defences. 1041: 1187:

British intelligence services, but that this, and their encouragement of the revolt, were not sufficient to ensure it was carried out.

528: 4157: 1230:(National Defence). Some of those urging a coup or at least aware that a coup was planned had previously been involved with secretive 1109: 1089: 46: 3989:

Ramet, Sabrina P.; Lazić, Sladjana (2011). "The Collaborationist Regime of Milan Nedić". In Ramet, Sabrina P.; Listhaug, Ola (eds.).

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where they were flown out of the country to Athens. The Soviet leadership accepted the invasion of Yugoslavia without any criticism.

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and was again pressured to sign the Pact. Hitler did not request troop passage through Yugoslavia and offered the Greek city of

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nationalists supported and welcomed the coup because it ended Croatian autonomy under the Agreement and freed them to pursue a

337: 293:. Two days prior to its ousting, the Cvetković government had signed the Vienna Protocol on the Accession of Yugoslavia to the 1223: 643:, that evening five ministers resigned from the government, including Korošec. The others were Spaho, another JMO politician 552: 1211:. The German embassy in Belgrade was certain that the coup had been organised by British and Soviet intelligence agencies. 912:, penned in his diary that the "Yugoslavs seem to have sold their souls to the Devil. All these Balkan peoples are trash." 1674: 1659: 1456: 273: 1757: 4648: 4453: 1792: 1776: 1581: 1146: 716: 632: 298: 189: 4689:"Treaty on Friendship and Non-Aggression between the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics and the Kingdom of Yugoslavia" 877: 829: 4718: 1441: 981: 660: 524: 4676: 1277:

but the timing indicates that the unexpected need to defeat Yugoslavia was an important factor in Hitler's decision.

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Hadži-Jovančić, Perica. "Losing the Periphery: The British Foreign Office and Policy Towards Yugoslavia, 1935–1938"

1134: 620: 380:, among others. Each of these national groups was strongly associated with one of the three dominant religions: the 4748: 4559: 3745:

A Low Dishonest Decade : The Great Powers, Eastern Europe, and the Economic Origins of World War II, 1930–1941

1301: 1122: 808:, ordered British intelligence services to establish contacts with anti-regime groups in Belgrade. On 14 February, 373: 3926:

The Mediterranean And Middle East: Volume II The Germans Come To The Help Of Their Ally (1941) Illustrated Edition

3691:

Frank, Tibor (2001). "Treaty Revision and Doublespeak: Hungarian Neutrality, 1939–1941". In Wylie, Neville (ed.).

3644: 1689: 1566: 1239: 786: 738: 484: 437: 305: 233: 101: 1406: 889: 624: 595: 245: 1247: 1242:. Those that favoured the coup included the older generation of generals, including the former prime minister 1235: 1059: 934:

planners were dismayed by the Yugoslav signing of the Pact, as it represented a "worst case scenario" for the

628: 252:, who had been associated with several putsch plots from 1938 onwards. Brigadier General of Military Aviation 1345:

called for Croats to start an uprising against the government over his Radio Velebit program based in Italy.

639:

asked Stojadinović to disavow the statement, but he did not. At the behest of the Senate leader, the Slovene

4435: 4028: 1791:

of the HSS and Kulenović of the JMO. The government met on Yugoslav soil for the last time on 13 April near

1719: 1704: 1289: 1153: 897: 853: 691: 652: 445: 440:, who attempted to break down the ethnic divisions in the country through various means, including creating 381: 290: 1561: 1281: 992: 257: 1860: 1770: 1551: 1536: 1521: 1506: 1491: 1322: 1297: 1234:, including Božin Simić. Mirković himself had been a student of the leading Black Hand operative, Colonel 1208: 1025: 1024:. On the morning of 27 March, Deputy Prime Minister Maček was informed of the coup and met Prince Paul at 1021: 931: 500: 458: 433: 321: 237: 194: 170: 121: 108: 55: 31: 1576: 1152:

According to former British diplomat and Emeritus Professor of History, Classics, and Archaeology of the

644: 336:

dismissed the idea, affirming that the invasion of Yugoslavia actually assisted and hastened the overall

1219: 1053: 801: 404: 349: 225: 87: 17: 4383: 3557:

Biondich, Mark (2007), "Controversies surrounding the Catholic Church in Wartime Croatia, 1941–45", in

1641: 1451: 1436: 1285: 1215: 1033: 893: 565: 313: 265: 59: 4671:[Prince Paul Rehabilitated] (in Serbo-Croatian). Radio Television of Serbia. 15 December 2011. 1178:

McDonald met with Simović on 26 March, and the assistant air attaché and British intelligence agent T.

4758: 4513: 4476:

Presseisen, Ernst L. (December 1960). "Prelude to "Barbarossa": Germany and the Balkans, 1940–1941".

3869: 1313: 1269: 1243: 1156: 963: 779: 492: 325: 282: 253: 1788: 1783:

as his successor. Maček returned to Zagreb. Three other ministers also refused to leave Yugoslavia:

1546: 1421: 686:

in September 1939, German pressure on the government resulted in the resignation in mid-1940 of the

547:

aspirations. Throughout this period, the Yugoslav government had sought to remain good friends with

3308: 1714: 1669: 1231: 857: 775: 695: 668: 544: 1591: 1374: 599: 249: 112: 51: 4619: 4591: 4579: 4547: 4539: 4501: 4493: 3619: 1867:"; it also was "a much-needed fillip to the 'upstart'... Special Operations Executive created by 1846: 1818: 1318: 1191: 1092:, which had been outlawed since 1920, also took part in pro-putsch rallies all over the country. 958:

The coup was executed at 2:15 am on 27 March. It was planned by a group of VVKJ officers in

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to the borders of Yugoslavia, and early elections were held in December. In this background, the

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fully assumed monarchical powers. The coup was planned and conducted by a group of pro-Western

4611: 4464: 4418: 4370: 4335: 4314: 4306: 4292: 4271: 4252: 4244: 4224: 4195: 4174: 4153: 4129: 4110: 4085: 4062: 4052: 4038: 4017: 3994: 3975: 3951: 3930: 3920: 3908: 3879: 3857: 3830: 3811: 3787: 3768: 3749: 3728: 3698: 3677: 3658: 3629: 3605: 3586: 3566: 1875:

in 2009 to rehabilitate Cvetković for war crimes charges relating to the signing of the pact.

1829: 1780: 1199: 1105: 1093: 950: 927: 905: 824: 805: 763: 746: 536: 411: 4407: 3945: 782:

posed by Greece and Yugoslavia, and aimed for a political resolution of Yugoslavia's status.

399:, Yugoslavia was politically weak from the moment of its creation and remained so during the 4603: 4571: 4529: 4485: 4143: 3965: 3716: 3558: 1841: 1833: 1729: 1391: 1138: 935: 869: 640: 560: 488: 414: 278: 66:, June 1941. Peter II was declared of age and placed on the throne as a result of the coup. 4644: 4236: 1851: 1265: 1227: 1190:

According to Sudoplatov, the coup was actively supported by Soviet military intelligence (

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coup, and heard of the declaration of his coming-of-age for the first time on the radio.

4125:

Swastika over the Acropolis: Re-interpreting the Nazi Invasion of Greece in World War II

602:, had been involved in two coup plots in early 1938 driven by Serbian opposition to the 4078: 1804: 1531: 1203: 1160: 1077: 1029: 985: 901: 757:. In early November 1940, following the Italian invasion of Greece, Nedić, stated in a 731: 675: 516: 496: 286: 726: 4712: 4623: 4583: 4551: 4505: 4189: 4147: 3805: 3712: 1396: 1379: 1328: 1195: 1163: 1131: 836: 790: 766:. At the same time, Hitler, recalling Serbia's excellent military performance in the 735: 453: 332:(which started on 22 June 1941), is still open to debate. In 1972 military historian 4640: 4575: 4562:(2005). "The Concurrence of Allied and Yugoslav Intelligence Aims and Activities". 3801: 1045: 849: 809: 683: 636: 591: 559:

which promoted Bulgarian irredentism. Attempts by King Alexander to negotiate with

365: 329: 317: 2484: 2482: 2480: 2478: 2476: 1796: 1013:

pm all strategic locations were in the hands of troops loyal to the coup leaders.

4329: 4286: 4265: 4240: 4168: 4123: 4032: 3969: 3924: 3873: 3781: 3743: 3692: 3671: 3623: 3580: 3923:; Molony, C. J. C.; Toomer, S. E.; Flynn, F. C. (2014) . J. R. M. Butler (ed.). 1868: 1784: 1501: 771: 767: 532: 504: 324:

in April 1941. The importance of the putsch and subsequent invasion in delaying

261: 118: 4607: 1036:, which included Šubašić, Prince Paul, Maček and the army commander in Zagreb, 1654: 1085: 819: 758: 648: 470: 4615: 4468: 4430: 4422: 4374: 4256: 4228: 4114: 4021: 3912: 3907:(in Serbo-Croatian). Belgrade, Yugoslavia: Vojnoizdavaćki i Novinski Centar. 3861: 3772: 3662: 403:

mainly due to a "rigid system of centralism" imposed by the Serbian-friendly

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British morale, coming rapidly upon the victories against Italian forces in

1606: 1098: 1073: 604: 586: 377: 3697:. Cambridge, United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press. pp. 150–191. 3116: 3114: 479: 1028:

to discuss the situation. A meeting was then held at the residence of the

4688: 4439:. Vol. C, no. 16. Tasmania, Australia. 29 March 1941. p. 1 4288:

War and Revolution in Yugoslavia, 1941–1945: Occupation and Collaboration

4251:. Berkeley, California: University of California Press. pp. 59–118. 840: 609: 361: 221: 138: 83: 4543: 4518:"SOE and British Involvement in the Belgrade Coup d'État of March 1941" 4497: 4210: 3520: 3309:

Treaty on Friendship and Non-Aggression between the USSR and Yugoslavia

1327:, arrived in Zagreb in preparation for a regime change. Croatian pilot 1069: 1049: 229: 4594:(1972). "The German attack on the USSR: the Destruction of a Legend". 4149:

Special Tasks: The Memoirs of an Unwanted Witness — A Soviet Spymaster

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Peter II, 17 years old at the time of coup, was declared to be of age.

1081: 1017: 872:, who was at the time the deputy chief of special operations for the 720: 540: 357: 63: 4534: 4517: 3748:. London, United Kingdom: Continuum International Publishing Group. 1293:

rebuffed, the Germans had decided to give Croatia its independence.

555:

posed the biggest problem for Yugoslavia, funding the anti-Yugoslav

27:

1941 deposition of Regent Prince Paul; installation of King Peter II

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Ethnic Germans and National Socialism in Yugoslavia in World War II

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the main post office in Belgrade (Lieutenant Colonel Miodrag Lozić)

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Installation of national unity government under the minor King

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in November 1940 for advocating that Yugoslavia join the Axis.

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Contemporary Yugoslavia: Twenty Years of Socialist Experiment

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the ministries and headquarters of the General Staff (Major

2814: 2812: 2743: 2741: 2739: 2737: 2623: 2621: 2095: 2093: 2091: 2089: 2087: 4454:"Britain and the Belgrade Coup of 27 March 1941 Revisited" 4194:. College Station, Texas: Texas A&M University Press. 3673:

The First Yugoslavia: Search for a Viable Political System

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Individuals that were probably aware of the coup included

248:

officers formally led by the Air Force commander, General

4267:

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the barracks of the Royal Guards and Automotive Command

663:, Yugoslavia's southern neighbour. In August 1939, the 3628:. London, United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press. 3532: 2854: 1623: 1468: 1356: 910:

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4415:

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3856:] (in German). Berlin, West Germany: Berlin Bär. 1828:

According to the British major general and historian

1756:

On 5 April 1941, the post-coup government signed the

745:

Yugoslavia's situation worsened in October 1940 when

3947:

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On 4 March, Prince Paul secretly met with Hitler in

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between Zemun and Belgrade (Colonel Dragutin Dimić)

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Lanham, Maryland: University Press of America. 3565:, New York, New York: Routledge, pp. 31–59, 4695:. The Legal Information Consortium. 5 April 1941 4313:. London, United Kingdom: Sidgwick and Jackson. 4102:Jugoslavija uoči i za vreme drugog svetskog rata 3481: 3284: 2842: 2612: 1226:, president of Serbian nationalist organisation 4384:"Bjelovarski ustanak od 7. do 10. travnja 1941" 3657:(in Serbo-Croatian). Paris, France: Richelieu. 395:According to economics professor and historian 1336: 1238:(also known as "Apis"), while training at the 785:On 12 December 1940, at the initiative of the 557:Internal Macedonian Revolutionary Organisation 4334:. New York City: Cambridge University Press. 3604:. London, United Kingdom: Osprey Publishing. 1664:Minister of Social Welfare and Public Health 862:Soviet People's Commissar for Foreign Affairs 823:February, Prince Paul told the US Ambassador 154: 8: 4223:. 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New York, New York: Simon & Schuster. 3783:The Past in Present Times: The Yugoslav Saga 3625:Hitler's Strategy 1940–1941: The Balkan Clue 3209: 3093: 1312:and Yugoslav Macedonia respectively and the 1194:) and the NKVD, following the Soviet leader 1016:At the time of the coup, Prince Paul was in 970:the Zemun VVKJ base (Colonel Dragutin Savić) 39: 4679:[Dragiša Cvetković Rehabilitated]. 4461:Electronic Journal of International History 4122:Stockings, Craig; Hancock, Eleanor (2013). 3521:Radio Television of Serbia 15 December 2011 3469: 3457: 3233: 2537: 2520: 998:the Royal Court (Colonel Stojan Zdravković) 384:(Serbs, Montenegrins and Macedonians); the 4034:Tito, Mihailović and the Allies: 1941–1945 3445: 3385: 3373: 3361: 3349: 3332: 3296: 3269: 3245: 3221: 3173: 3132: 3052: 3016: 2992: 2932: 2908: 2830: 2747: 2651: 2639: 2627: 2588: 2573: 2561: 2503: 2467: 2440: 2428: 2348: 2336: 2312: 2222: 2210: 2150: 2111: 2099: 2018: 1958: 1931: 1919: 1895: 832:arrived at the Bulgarian-Yugoslav border. 515:From 1921, the country had negotiated the 161: 147: 139: 38: 30:For the royalist coup d'état of 1929, see 4533: 3901:Serbia in the Second World War: 1939–1945 2818: 2198: 922:Yugoslav accession to the Tripartite Pact 4408:"Belgrade Coup D'Etat of March 27, 1941" 4241:"Yugoslavia During the Second World War" 3896:Srbija u drugom svetskom ratu: 1939–1945 3651:Memoirs of the Serbian Patriarch Gavrilo 3563:The Independent State of Croatia 1941–45 2944: 2893: 2600: 2549: 2384: 2006: 1823:Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia 940:Bolje grob nego rob, Bolje rat nego pakt 926:On 25 March, the pact was signed at the 18:Yugoslav military coup of March 27, 1941 4683:(in Serbo-Croatian). 26 September 2009. 4080:A Short History of the Yugoslav Peoples 3409: 3149: 3076: 3064: 3004: 2980: 2968: 2956: 2920: 2869: 2803: 2776: 2759: 2728: 2716: 2675: 2663: 2489:Medvedev & Medvedev 19 October 2014 2416: 2401: 2372: 2324: 2186: 2123: 2078: 2066: 2054: 2042: 2030: 1943: 1883: 1758:Treaty of Friendship and Non-Aggression 617:1938 Yugoslavian parliamentary election 495:and the governor of the Sava Banovina, 432:In 1929, democracy was abandoned and a 289:) and the government of Prime Minister 3676:. Stanford, California: Hoover Press. 3493: 3397: 3320: 3257: 3161: 3028: 2788: 2704: 2687: 2300: 2273: 2261: 2237: 2138: 1063:Demonstrations in Belgrade on 27 March 896:; and the Minister without Portfolio, 4764:Military of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia 4729:Politics of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia 3991:Serbia and the Serbs in World War Two 3600:Ciglic, Boris; Savic, Dragan (2002). 3197: 3185: 3105: 3040: 2881: 2360: 2249: 2174: 2162: 1994: 1982: 1970: 1907: 800:, a special emissary of US President 491:whose other members were the senator 469:. When Alexander was assassinated in 7: 4734:1940s coups d'état and coup attempts 2285: 916:Yugoslavia signs the Tripartite Pact 698:apparently still believed possible. 4564:The Journal of Intelligence History 4212:Srpska crkva u ratu i ratovi u njoj 3929:. USA: Pickle Partners Publishing. 988:station (Colonel Stjepan Burazović) 308:with Simović as prime minister and 4311:Hitler's War Directives: 1939–1945 3646:Memoari patrijarha srpskog Gavrila 1110:Episcopal Conference of Yugoslavia 1108:, president of the Roman Catholic 25: 4677:"Rehabilitovan Dragiša Cvetković" 3844:Papasissis, Themistokles (1960). 1752:Non-Aggression Pact with the USSR 1526:Minister of Posts and Telegraphs 1020:en route to a planned holiday in 659:these negotiations were ongoing, 428:created by King Alexander in 1929 4431:"Nazis Ask Yugoslavs To Explain" 4382:Dizdar, Zdravko (January 2007). 4128:. Boston, Massachusetts: BRILL. 1812:Legacy and historical evaluation 1284:summoned the German ambassador, 45: 4744:Balkans campaign (World War II) 4170:Croatia: A Nation Forged in War 3765:Yugoslavia in Crisis, 1934–1941 1511:Minister of Trade and Industry 892:; the Minister of Agriculture, 220:took place on 27 March 1941 in 4576:10.1080/16161262.2005.10555107 4388:Časopis za suvremenu povijest 1795:. From here they travelled to 1586:Minister of Forests and Mines 1401:Minister of the Army and Navy 1280:On 30 March, Foreign Minister 730:Minister of the Army and Navy 1: 3579:Çetiner, Yusuf Turan (2014). 1090:Communist Party of Yugoslavia 984:, Police Directorate and the 680:Minister of the Army and Navy 274:Communist Party of Yugoslavia 3602:Croatian Aces of World War 2 3482:Stockings & Hancock 2013 3285:Stockings & Hancock 2013 2843:Stockings & Hancock 2013 2613:Stockings & Hancock 2013 1571:Minister of Foreign Affairs 1461:Minister of the Royal Court 1147:Yugoslav government-in-exile 780:invasion of the Soviet Union 717:Special Operations Executive 667:was concluded to create the 633:Yugoslav Muslim Organization 299:Special Operations Executive 4602:(1). SAGE Journals: 69–86. 4402:(March 2020) 31#1 pp 65–90. 3893:Petranović, Branko (1992). 3825:Milazzo, Matteo J. (1975). 1737:Minister without Portfolio 1724:Minister without Portfolio 1709:Minister of Transportation 1616:Minister without Portfolio 1556:Minister without Portfolio 1386:Chief of the General Staff 1116:Responsibility for the coup 982:Belgrade Town Hall Building 939: 462: 449: 388:(Croats and Slovenes); and 328:, the Axis invasion of the 4780: 4739:Yugoslavia in World War II 4669:"Rehabilitovan knez Pavle" 4649:"Poklon Moskvi sa Balkana" 4608:10.1177/026569147200200104 4452:Onslow, Sue (March 2005). 4400:Diplomacy & Statecraft 4099:Slijepčević, Đoko (1978). 3944:Prusin, Alexander (2017). 3763:Hoptner, Jacob B. (1963). 3670:Dragnich, Alex N. (1983). 1768: 1728: 1713: 1698: 1683: 1668: 1653: 1640: 1605: 1590: 1575: 1560: 1545: 1530: 1515: 1500: 1485: 1450: 1435: 1420: 1405: 1390: 1373: 1302:Volksdeutsche Mittelstelle 919: 852:, the German Chief of the 706:By the time of the German 598:(VVKJ) commander, General 576: 507:designs on its territory. 29: 4478:Journal of Modern History 4285:Tomasevich, Jozo (2001). 4264:Tomasevich, Jozo (1975). 4209:Tomanić, Milorad (2001). 2983:, pp. 129 & 214. 1601:Minister of Construction 1224:Ilija Trifunović-Birčanin 787:Prime Minister of Hungary 774:, was concerned that the 665:Cvetković–Maček Agreement 579:Cvetković–Maček Agreement 573:Cvetković–Maček Agreement 463:Hrvatska seljačka stranka 306:national unity government 234:Prince Paul of Yugoslavia 180: 44: 4754:Belgrade in World War II 4724:1941 in military history 4076:Singleton, Fred (1985). 4009: 3436:, pp. 74 & 157. 2884:, pp. 399, 401–411. 1934:, pp. 10–11, 60–62. 1821:and the creation of the 1446:Minister of Agriculture 1296:German Foreign Minister 1240:Serbian Military Academy 688:Minister of the Interior 682:. 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Van 2628:Ramet & Lazić 2011 1771:Invasion of Yugoslavia 1694:Minister of Education 1337: 1298:Joachim von Ribbentrop 1209:University of Belgrade 1064: 1026:Zagreb Central Station 955: 898:Mihailo Konstantinović 742: 459:Croatian Peasant Party 429: 322:invasion of Yugoslavia 195:Invasion of Yugoslavia 172:Invasion of Yugoslavia 122:invasion of Yugoslavia 111:and headed by General 56:Peter II of Yugoslavia 32:6 January Dictatorship 4560:Starič, Jerca Vodušek 4514:Stafford, David A. T. 4390:(in Serbo-Croatian). 4328:Zakić, Mirna (2017). 4188:Tasovac, Ivo (1999). 3870:Pavlowitch, Stevan K. 3780:Klajn, Lajčo (2007). 3509:online 7 October 2012 3388:, pp. 47, 52–53. 1416:Minister of Interior 1236:Dragutin Dimitrijević 1220:Serbian Cultural Club 1062: 973:the bridges over the 953: 802:Franklin D. Roosevelt 729: 661:Italy invaded Albania 543:, aimed at thwarting 489:a triumvirate regency 424: 405:Vidovdan Constitution 350:Kingdom of Yugoslavia 226:Kingdom of Yugoslavia 190:Operation Retribution 88:Kingdom of Yugoslavia 3434:Playfair et al. 2014 3422:Playfair et al. 2014 3121:Playfair et al. 2014 1679:Minister of Justice 1649:Second Vice-Premier 1541:Minister of Finance 1157:David A. T. Stafford 1135:Aleksandar Stanković 796:On 23 January 1941, 747:Italy invaded Greece 446:Serbo-Croatian Latin 326:Operation Barbarossa 218:Yugoslav coup d'état 205:Axis order of battle 185:Yugoslav coup d'état 40:Yugoslav coup d'état 4647:(19 October 2014). 4592:Van Creveld, Martin 3067:, pp. 120–122. 2959:, pp. 119–120. 2923:, pp. 121–122. 2845:, pp. 128–129. 2719:, pp. 123–124. 2678:, pp. 122–123. 2576:, pp. 368–369. 2523:, pp. 110–123. 2288:, pp. 368–369. 2252:, pp. 106–107. 1879:Notes and citations 1777:bombing of Belgrade 1626: 1496:First Vice-Premier 1471: 1470:Peace with Germany 1431:Minister of Supply 1407:Srđan Budisavljević 1359: 1321:, representing the 1218:, president of the 1123:Italo-Yugoslav pact 1048:, spending time at 890:Srđan Budisavljević 776:Royal Yugoslav Army 696:Ronald Ian Campbell 669:Banovina of Croatia 412:Political scientist 117:Provocation of the 41: 4719:1941 in Yugoslavia 4516:(September 1977). 4307:Trevor-Roper, Hugh 4245:Vucinich, Wayne S. 4029:Roberts, Walter R. 3921:Playfair, I. S. O. 3019:, p. 118–119. 1847:Martin van Creveld 1819:Yugoslav Partisans 1642:Slobodan Jovanović 1624: 1469: 1357: 1319:Edmund Veesenmayer 1259:The new government 1248:Dimitrije Živković 1216:Slobodan Jovanović 1065: 1052:and then exile in 956: 866:Vyacheslav Molotov 854:Army General Staff 845:nonaggression pact 798:William J. Donovan 743: 708:invasion of Poland 629:Bogoljub Kujundžić 566:Milan Stojadinović 475:Bulgarian assassin 434:royal dictatorship 430: 334:Martin van Creveld 314:Slobodan Jovanović 264:, and his brother 104:and his government 100:Removal of Regent 4749:March 1941 events 4663:. 7 October 2012. 4341:978-1-107-17184-8 4320:978-1-84341-014-0 4298:978-0-8047-3615-2 4277:978-0-8047-0857-9 4201:978-0-89096-897-0 4180:978-0-300-09125-0 4144:Sudoplatov, Pavel 4135:978-90-04-25459-6 4091:978-0-521-27485-2 4068:978-0-671-72868-7 4044:978-0-8223-0773-0 4000:978-0-230-27830-1 3981:978-0-253-34656-8 3966:Ramet, Sabrina P. 3957:978-0-252-09961-8 3936:978-1-78289-622-7 3885:978-1-85065-895-5 3854:The King Must Die 3836:978-0-8018-1589-8 3817:978-0-8147-5520-4 3793:978-0-7618-3647-6 3755:978-0-8264-1761-9 3734:978-953-6045-22-8 3721:Hrvatska povijest 3717:Goldstein, Slavko 3704:978-0-521-64358-0 3683:978-0-8179-7843-3 3635:978-0-521-20143-8 3611:978-1-84176-435-1 3592:978-0-7618-6190-4 3572:978-0-415-44055-4 3559:Ramet, Sabrina P. 3536:26 September 2009 3376:, pp. 43–47. 3272:, pp. 48–49. 3210:Trevor-Roper 1964 3200:, pp. 60–61. 3135:, pp. 50–51. 3094:Trevor-Roper 1964 3031:, pp. 28–29. 2911:, pp. 44–45. 2114:, pp. 22–23. 2069:, pp. 19–20. 2045:, pp. 10–12. 2021:, pp. 60–63. 1985:, pp. 79–80. 1922:, pp. 60–62. 1830:I. S. O. Playfair 1748: 1747: 1741: 1740: 1620: 1619: 1465: 1464: 1437:Branko Čubrilović 1358:War with Germany 1290:chargé d'affaires 1286:Viktor von Heeren 1200:Solomon Milshtein 1106:Aloysius Stepinac 1094:Winston Churchill 964:Borivoje Mirković 936:defence of Greece 928:Belvedere, Vienna 906:Alexander Cadogan 894:Branko Čubrilović 880:which guaranteed 825:Arthur Bliss Lane 806:Winston Churchill 692:Stanoje Mihaldžić 653:Dragiša Cvetković 625:National Assembly 621:United Opposition 493:Radenko Stanković 291:Dragiša Cvetković 283:Radenko Stanković 254:Borivoje Mirković 213: 212: 137: 136: 16:(Redirected from 4771: 4704: 4702: 4700: 4684: 4672: 4664: 4652: 4645:Medvedev, Zhores 4627: 4587: 4555: 4537: 4509: 4472: 4458: 4448: 4446: 4444: 4426: 4412: 4395: 4378: 4364: 4345: 4324: 4302: 4281: 4260: 4237:Tomasevich, Jozo 4232: 4222: 4205: 4184: 4163: 4139: 4118: 4095: 4083: 4072: 4048: 4024: 4004: 3985: 3961: 3940: 3916: 3906: 3889: 3865: 3840: 3821: 3797: 3776: 3759: 3738: 3725:Croatian History 3708: 3687: 3666: 3656: 3639: 3615: 3596: 3575: 3539: 3530: 3524: 3518: 3512: 3503: 3497: 3491: 3485: 3479: 3473: 3470:Van Creveld 1972 3467: 3461: 3458:Van Creveld 1972 3455: 3449: 3443: 3437: 3431: 3425: 3419: 3413: 3407: 3401: 3395: 3389: 3383: 3377: 3371: 3365: 3359: 3353: 3347: 3336: 3330: 3324: 3318: 3312: 3306: 3300: 3294: 3288: 3282: 3273: 3267: 3261: 3255: 3249: 3243: 3237: 3231: 3225: 3219: 3213: 3207: 3201: 3195: 3189: 3183: 3177: 3171: 3165: 3159: 3153: 3147: 3136: 3130: 3124: 3118: 3109: 3103: 3097: 3091: 3080: 3074: 3068: 3062: 3056: 3050: 3044: 3038: 3032: 3026: 3020: 3014: 3008: 3002: 2996: 2990: 2984: 2978: 2972: 2966: 2960: 2954: 2948: 2942: 2936: 2930: 2924: 2918: 2912: 2906: 2897: 2891: 2885: 2879: 2873: 2867: 2861: 2852: 2846: 2840: 2834: 2828: 2822: 2816: 2807: 2801: 2792: 2786: 2780: 2774: 2763: 2757: 2751: 2745: 2732: 2726: 2720: 2714: 2708: 2702: 2691: 2685: 2679: 2673: 2667: 2661: 2655: 2649: 2643: 2637: 2631: 2625: 2616: 2610: 2604: 2598: 2592: 2586: 2577: 2571: 2565: 2559: 2553: 2547: 2541: 2538:Slijepčević 1978 2535: 2524: 2521:Reshetnikov 1992 2518: 2507: 2501: 2492: 2486: 2471: 2465: 2444: 2438: 2432: 2426: 2420: 2414: 2405: 2399: 2388: 2382: 2376: 2370: 2364: 2358: 2352: 2346: 2340: 2334: 2328: 2322: 2316: 2310: 2304: 2298: 2289: 2283: 2277: 2271: 2265: 2259: 2253: 2247: 2241: 2235: 2226: 2220: 2214: 2208: 2202: 2196: 2190: 2184: 2178: 2172: 2166: 2160: 2154: 2148: 2142: 2136: 2127: 2121: 2115: 2109: 2103: 2097: 2082: 2076: 2070: 2064: 2058: 2052: 2046: 2040: 2034: 2028: 2022: 2016: 2010: 2004: 1998: 1992: 1986: 1980: 1974: 1968: 1962: 1956: 1947: 1941: 1935: 1929: 1923: 1917: 1911: 1905: 1899: 1893: 1834:Alexander Prusin 1685:Miloš Trifunović 1627: 1577:Džafer Kulenović 1472: 1360: 1353: 1340: 1270:Führer Directive 1246:and his brother 1185: 1181: 1177: 1173: 1169: 1149:during the war. 1012: 882:non-belligerence 870:Pavel Sudoplatov 858:Milan Gavrilović 645:Džafer Kulenović 615:In the December 561:Benito Mussolini 415:Sabrina P. Ramet 279:Yugoslav regency 260:of the Yugoslav 175: 173: 163: 156: 149: 140: 97:Coup successful 49: 42: 21: 4779: 4778: 4774: 4773: 4772: 4770: 4769: 4768: 4709: 4708: 4707: 4698: 4696: 4687: 4675: 4667: 4661:The Star online 4655: 4639: 4635: 4630: 4590: 4558: 4535:10.2307/2494975 4512: 4475: 4456: 4451: 4442: 4440: 4429: 4417:(15): 119–128. 4410: 4405: 4381: 4369:(46): 219–239. 4362: 4357: 4353: 4348: 4342: 4327: 4321: 4305: 4299: 4284: 4278: 4263: 4235: 4220: 4208: 4202: 4187: 4181: 4166: 4160: 4142: 4136: 4121: 4098: 4092: 4075: 4069: 4053:Shirer, William 4051: 4045: 4027: 4011: 4007: 4001: 3988: 3982: 3964: 3958: 3943: 3937: 3919: 3904: 3892: 3886: 3868: 3843: 3837: 3824: 3818: 3800: 3794: 3779: 3762: 3756: 3741: 3735: 3711: 3705: 3690: 3684: 3669: 3654: 3642: 3636: 3618: 3612: 3599: 3593: 3578: 3573: 3556: 3552: 3547: 3542: 3531: 3527: 3519: 3515: 3504: 3500: 3496:, pp. 2–3. 3492: 3488: 3480: 3476: 3468: 3464: 3456: 3452: 3446:Tomasevich 1975 3444: 3440: 3432: 3428: 3420: 3416: 3408: 3404: 3396: 3392: 3386:Tomasevich 1975 3384: 3380: 3374:Tomasevich 1975 3372: 3368: 3362:Pavlowitch 2007 3360: 3356: 3350:Tomasevich 2001 3348: 3339: 3333:Tomasevich 1975 3331: 3327: 3319: 3315: 3307: 3303: 3297:Tomasevich 1975 3295: 3291: 3283: 3276: 3270:Tomasevich 1975 3268: 3264: 3256: 3252: 3246:Tomasevich 1975 3244: 3240: 3232: 3228: 3222:Tomasevich 2001 3220: 3216: 3208: 3204: 3196: 3192: 3184: 3180: 3174:Tomasevich 2001 3172: 3168: 3160: 3156: 3148: 3139: 3133:Tomasevich 1975 3131: 3127: 3119: 3112: 3104: 3100: 3092: 3083: 3079:, pp. 2–3. 3075: 3071: 3063: 3059: 3053:Papasissis 1960 3051: 3047: 3039: 3035: 3027: 3023: 3017:Sudoplatov 1994 3015: 3011: 3003: 2999: 2993:Tomasevich 1975 2991: 2987: 2979: 2975: 2967: 2963: 2955: 2951: 2943: 2939: 2933:Tomasevich 1975 2931: 2927: 2919: 2915: 2909:Tomasevich 1975 2907: 2900: 2892: 2888: 2880: 2876: 2868: 2864: 2853: 2849: 2841: 2837: 2831:Petranović 1992 2829: 2825: 2817: 2810: 2802: 2795: 2787: 2783: 2775: 2766: 2758: 2754: 2748:Tomasevich 1975 2746: 2735: 2727: 2723: 2715: 2711: 2703: 2694: 2686: 2682: 2674: 2670: 2662: 2658: 2652:Tomasevich 1975 2650: 2646: 2640:Tomasevich 1975 2638: 2634: 2626: 2619: 2611: 2607: 2599: 2595: 2589:Presseisen 1960 2587: 2580: 2574:Presseisen 1960 2572: 2568: 2562:Tomasevich 1975 2560: 2556: 2548: 2544: 2536: 2527: 2519: 2510: 2504:Sudoplatov 1994 2502: 2495: 2487: 2474: 2468:Presseisen 1960 2466: 2447: 2441:Presseisen 1960 2439: 2435: 2429:Tomasevich 1975 2427: 2423: 2415: 2408: 2400: 2391: 2383: 2379: 2371: 2367: 2359: 2355: 2349:Tomasevich 1975 2347: 2343: 2337:Tomasevich 1975 2335: 2331: 2327:, pp. 6–7. 2323: 2319: 2313:Tomasevich 2001 2311: 2307: 2299: 2292: 2284: 2280: 2272: 2268: 2260: 2256: 2248: 2244: 2236: 2229: 2223:Tomasevich 1975 2221: 2217: 2211:Tomasevich 1975 2209: 2205: 2197: 2193: 2185: 2181: 2173: 2169: 2161: 2157: 2151:Tomasevich 2001 2149: 2145: 2137: 2130: 2122: 2118: 2112:Tomasevich 1975 2110: 2106: 2100:Tomasevich 2001 2098: 2085: 2077: 2073: 2065: 2061: 2053: 2049: 2041: 2037: 2029: 2025: 2019:Tomasevich 1969 2017: 2013: 2005: 2001: 1993: 1989: 1981: 1977: 1969: 1965: 1959:Tomasevich 1969 1957: 1950: 1942: 1938: 1932:Tomasevich 1969 1930: 1926: 1920:Tomasevich 1969 1918: 1914: 1906: 1902: 1896:Tomasevich 1969 1894: 1885: 1881: 1852:Craig Stockings 1814: 1773: 1767: 1754: 1749: 1700:Bogoljub Jevtić 1452:Radoje Knežević 1385: 1266:Royal Air Force 1261: 1256: 1228:Narodna Odbrana 1183: 1179: 1175: 1171: 1167: 1128:Morava Banovina 1118: 1010: 948: 924: 918: 755:Tripartite Pact 704: 702:Pressure builds 651:, and the Serb 581: 575: 564:appointment of 535:of Yugoslavia, 527:in the face of 513: 401:interwar period 397:Jozo Tomasevich 386:Catholic Church 370:Bosnian Muslims 346: 338:Balkan campaign 295:Tripartite Pact 266:Radoje Knežević 214: 209: 176: 171: 169: 167: 67: 60:Radoje Knežević 35: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 4777: 4775: 4767: 4766: 4761: 4756: 4751: 4746: 4741: 4736: 4731: 4726: 4721: 4711: 4710: 4706: 4705: 4685: 4673: 4665: 4653: 4636: 4634: 4631: 4629: 4628: 4588: 4556: 4528:(3): 399–419. 4510: 4490:10.1086/238616 4484:(4): 359–370. 4473: 4463:(8): 359–370. 4449: 4427: 4403: 4396: 4379: 4354: 4352: 4349: 4347: 4346: 4340: 4325: 4319: 4303: 4297: 4282: 4276: 4261: 4233: 4206: 4200: 4185: 4179: 4164: 4159:978-0316773522 4158: 4140: 4134: 4119: 4096: 4090: 4073: 4067: 4049: 4043: 4025: 4005: 3999: 3986: 3980: 3962: 3956: 3941: 3935: 3917: 3890: 3884: 3866: 3841: 3835: 3822: 3816: 3798: 3792: 3777: 3760: 3754: 3739: 3733: 3713:Goldstein, Ivo 3709: 3703: 3688: 3682: 3667: 3640: 3634: 3616: 3610: 3597: 3591: 3576: 3571: 3553: 3551: 3548: 3546: 3543: 3541: 3540: 3525: 3513: 3498: 3486: 3484:, p. 573. 3474: 3462: 3450: 3438: 3426: 3414: 3412:, p. 126. 3402: 3390: 3378: 3366: 3354: 3337: 3325: 3313: 3301: 3289: 3287:, p. 130. 3274: 3262: 3260:, p. 588. 3250: 3238: 3226: 3214: 3212:, p. 109. 3202: 3190: 3178: 3166: 3154: 3137: 3125: 3123:, p. 157. 3110: 3098: 3096:, p. 108. 3081: 3069: 3057: 3045: 3043:, p. 231. 3033: 3021: 3009: 3007:, p. 121. 2997: 2985: 2973: 2971:, p. 118. 2961: 2949: 2947:, p. 419. 2937: 2925: 2913: 2898: 2886: 2874: 2872:, p. 187. 2862: 2847: 2835: 2833:, p. 190. 2823: 2821:, p. 268. 2819:Goldstein 2003 2808: 2806:, p. 125. 2793: 2791:, p. 587. 2781: 2779:, p. 123. 2764: 2762:, p. 142. 2752: 2733: 2731:, p. 124. 2721: 2709: 2707:, p. 139. 2692: 2690:, p. 138. 2680: 2668: 2666:, p. 122. 2656: 2644: 2632: 2617: 2615:, p. 126. 2605: 2603:, p. 403. 2593: 2591:, p. 369. 2578: 2566: 2554: 2552:, p. 402. 2542: 2525: 2508: 2506:, p. 119. 2493: 2472: 2470:, p. 368. 2445: 2443:, p. 367. 2433: 2421: 2419:, p. 120. 2406: 2404:, p. 139. 2389: 2387:, p. 401. 2377: 2365: 2363:, p. 171. 2353: 2341: 2329: 2317: 2315:, p. 179. 2305: 2290: 2278: 2266: 2254: 2242: 2227: 2215: 2203: 2201:, p. 170. 2199:Singleton 1985 2191: 2189:, p. 171. 2179: 2177:, p. 105. 2167: 2165:, p. 104. 2155: 2143: 2128: 2116: 2104: 2083: 2071: 2059: 2047: 2035: 2023: 2011: 1999: 1987: 1975: 1963: 1948: 1936: 1924: 1912: 1900: 1882: 1880: 1877: 1845:the historian 1842:capture Moscow 1813: 1810: 1805:Greater Serbia 1789:Bariša Smoljan 1781:Juraj Krnjević 1769:Main article: 1766: 1763: 1753: 1750: 1746: 1745: 1739: 1738: 1735: 1732: 1726: 1725: 1722: 1717: 1711: 1710: 1707: 1702: 1696: 1695: 1692: 1687: 1681: 1680: 1677: 1672: 1666: 1665: 1662: 1657: 1651: 1650: 1647: 1644: 1638: 1637: 1634: 1631: 1630:Cabinet member 1621: 1618: 1617: 1614: 1609: 1603: 1602: 1599: 1594: 1588: 1587: 1584: 1579: 1573: 1572: 1569: 1564: 1562:Momčilo Ninčić 1558: 1557: 1554: 1549: 1547:Bariša Smoljan 1543: 1542: 1539: 1534: 1528: 1527: 1524: 1519: 1513: 1512: 1509: 1504: 1498: 1497: 1494: 1489: 1483: 1482: 1479: 1476: 1475:Cabinet member 1466: 1463: 1462: 1459: 1454: 1448: 1447: 1444: 1439: 1433: 1432: 1429: 1424: 1422:Sava Kosanović 1418: 1417: 1414: 1409: 1403: 1402: 1399: 1394: 1388: 1387: 1384:Prime Minister 1382: 1377: 1371: 1370: 1367: 1364: 1363:Cabinet member 1351: 1282:Momčilo Ninčić 1260: 1257: 1255: 1252: 1244:Petar Živković 1204:Vasily Zarubin 1117: 1114: 1030:Ban of Croatia 1006: 1005: 1002: 999: 996: 993:Živan Knežević 989: 986:Belgrade radio 978: 971: 947: 944: 920:Main article: 917: 914: 902:United Kingdom 884:with Germany. 703: 700: 647:, the Slovene 577:Main article: 574: 571: 539:, Romania and 525:Czechoslovakia 517:Little Entente 512: 509: 345: 342: 281:(Prince Paul, 258:Živan Knežević 211: 210: 208: 207: 202: 197: 192: 187: 181: 178: 177: 168: 166: 165: 158: 151: 143: 135: 134: 133:1 (accidental) 131: 127: 126: 125: 124: 115: 105: 95: 91: 90: 81: 77: 76: 73: 69: 68: 50: 26: 24: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 4776: 4765: 4762: 4760: 4757: 4755: 4752: 4750: 4747: 4745: 4742: 4740: 4737: 4735: 4732: 4730: 4727: 4725: 4722: 4720: 4717: 4716: 4714: 4694: 4693:www.kodeks.ru 4690: 4686: 4682: 4678: 4674: 4670: 4666: 4662: 4658: 4654: 4650: 4646: 4642: 4641:Medvedev, Roy 4638: 4637: 4632: 4625: 4621: 4617: 4613: 4609: 4605: 4601: 4597: 4593: 4589: 4585: 4581: 4577: 4573: 4569: 4565: 4561: 4557: 4553: 4549: 4545: 4541: 4536: 4531: 4527: 4523: 4522:Slavic Review 4519: 4515: 4511: 4507: 4503: 4499: 4495: 4491: 4487: 4483: 4479: 4474: 4470: 4466: 4462: 4455: 4450: 4438: 4437: 4432: 4428: 4424: 4420: 4416: 4409: 4404: 4401: 4397: 4394:(3): 581–609. 4393: 4389: 4385: 4380: 4376: 4372: 4368: 4361: 4356: 4355: 4350: 4343: 4337: 4333: 4332: 4326: 4322: 4316: 4312: 4308: 4304: 4300: 4294: 4290: 4289: 4283: 4279: 4273: 4269: 4268: 4262: 4258: 4254: 4250: 4246: 4242: 4238: 4234: 4230: 4226: 4218: 4214: 4213: 4207: 4203: 4197: 4193: 4192: 4186: 4182: 4176: 4172: 4171: 4165: 4161: 4155: 4151: 4150: 4145: 4141: 4137: 4131: 4127: 4126: 4120: 4116: 4112: 4108: 4104: 4103: 4097: 4093: 4087: 4082: 4081: 4074: 4070: 4064: 4060: 4059: 4054: 4050: 4046: 4040: 4036: 4035: 4030: 4026: 4023: 4019: 4015: 4006: 4002: 3996: 3992: 3987: 3983: 3977: 3973: 3972: 3967: 3963: 3959: 3953: 3949: 3948: 3942: 3938: 3932: 3928: 3927: 3922: 3918: 3914: 3910: 3902: 3898: 3897: 3891: 3887: 3881: 3877: 3876: 3871: 3867: 3863: 3859: 3855: 3851: 3847: 3842: 3838: 3832: 3828: 3823: 3819: 3813: 3809: 3808: 3803: 3802:Malcolm, Noel 3799: 3795: 3789: 3785: 3784: 3778: 3774: 3770: 3766: 3761: 3757: 3751: 3747: 3746: 3740: 3736: 3730: 3726: 3722: 3718: 3714: 3710: 3706: 3700: 3696: 3695: 3689: 3685: 3679: 3675: 3674: 3668: 3664: 3660: 3652: 3648: 3647: 3641: 3637: 3631: 3627: 3626: 3621: 3617: 3613: 3607: 3603: 3598: 3594: 3588: 3584: 3583: 3577: 3574: 3568: 3564: 3560: 3555: 3554: 3549: 3544: 3537: 3535: 3529: 3526: 3522: 3517: 3514: 3510: 3508: 3502: 3499: 3495: 3490: 3487: 3483: 3478: 3475: 3472:, p. 86. 3471: 3466: 3463: 3460:, p. 85. 3459: 3454: 3451: 3448:, p. 86. 3447: 3442: 3439: 3435: 3430: 3427: 3424:, p. 74. 3423: 3418: 3415: 3411: 3406: 3403: 3400:, p. 22. 3399: 3394: 3391: 3387: 3382: 3379: 3375: 3370: 3367: 3364:, p. 19. 3363: 3358: 3355: 3352:, p. 50. 3351: 3346: 3344: 3342: 3338: 3335:, p. 52. 3334: 3329: 3326: 3323:, p. 21. 3322: 3317: 3314: 3310: 3305: 3302: 3299:, p. 49. 3298: 3293: 3290: 3286: 3281: 3279: 3275: 3271: 3266: 3263: 3259: 3254: 3251: 3248:, p. 48. 3247: 3242: 3239: 3236:, p. 10. 3235: 3230: 3227: 3224:, p. 49. 3223: 3218: 3215: 3211: 3206: 3203: 3199: 3194: 3191: 3188:, p. 60. 3187: 3182: 3179: 3176:, p. 48. 3175: 3170: 3167: 3164:, p. 23. 3163: 3158: 3155: 3152:, p. 72. 3151: 3146: 3144: 3142: 3138: 3134: 3129: 3126: 3122: 3117: 3115: 3111: 3108:, p. 17. 3107: 3102: 3099: 3095: 3090: 3088: 3086: 3082: 3078: 3073: 3070: 3066: 3061: 3058: 3054: 3049: 3046: 3042: 3037: 3034: 3030: 3025: 3022: 3018: 3013: 3010: 3006: 3001: 2998: 2995:, p. 45. 2994: 2989: 2986: 2982: 2977: 2974: 2970: 2965: 2962: 2958: 2953: 2950: 2946: 2945:Stafford 1977 2941: 2938: 2935:, p. 44. 2934: 2929: 2926: 2922: 2917: 2914: 2910: 2905: 2903: 2899: 2896:, p. 41. 2895: 2894:Biondich 2007 2890: 2887: 2883: 2878: 2875: 2871: 2866: 2863: 2859: 2858:29 March 1941 2857: 2851: 2848: 2844: 2839: 2836: 2832: 2827: 2824: 2820: 2815: 2813: 2809: 2805: 2800: 2798: 2794: 2790: 2785: 2782: 2778: 2773: 2771: 2769: 2765: 2761: 2756: 2753: 2750:, p. 47. 2749: 2744: 2742: 2740: 2738: 2734: 2730: 2725: 2722: 2718: 2713: 2710: 2706: 2701: 2699: 2697: 2693: 2689: 2684: 2681: 2677: 2672: 2669: 2665: 2660: 2657: 2654:, p. 46. 2653: 2648: 2645: 2642:, p. 43. 2641: 2636: 2633: 2630:, p. 18. 2629: 2624: 2622: 2618: 2614: 2609: 2606: 2602: 2601:Stafford 1977 2597: 2594: 2590: 2585: 2583: 2579: 2575: 2570: 2567: 2564:, p. 39. 2563: 2558: 2555: 2551: 2550:Stafford 1977 2546: 2543: 2540:, p. 27. 2539: 2534: 2532: 2530: 2526: 2522: 2517: 2515: 2513: 2509: 2505: 2500: 2498: 2494: 2490: 2485: 2483: 2481: 2479: 2477: 2473: 2469: 2464: 2462: 2460: 2458: 2456: 2454: 2452: 2450: 2446: 2442: 2437: 2434: 2430: 2425: 2422: 2418: 2413: 2411: 2407: 2403: 2398: 2396: 2394: 2390: 2386: 2385:Stafford 1977 2381: 2378: 2374: 2369: 2366: 2362: 2357: 2354: 2351:, p. 31. 2350: 2345: 2342: 2339:, p. 30. 2338: 2333: 2330: 2326: 2321: 2318: 2314: 2309: 2306: 2303:, p. 38. 2302: 2297: 2295: 2291: 2287: 2282: 2279: 2276:, p. 33. 2275: 2270: 2267: 2264:, p. 36. 2263: 2258: 2255: 2251: 2246: 2243: 2240:, p. 35. 2239: 2234: 2232: 2228: 2225:, p. 24. 2224: 2219: 2216: 2213:, p. 23. 2212: 2207: 2204: 2200: 2195: 2192: 2188: 2183: 2180: 2176: 2171: 2168: 2164: 2159: 2156: 2153:, p. 40. 2152: 2147: 2144: 2141:, p. 37. 2140: 2135: 2133: 2129: 2125: 2120: 2117: 2113: 2108: 2105: 2102:, p. 47. 2101: 2096: 2094: 2092: 2090: 2088: 2084: 2081:, p. 28. 2080: 2075: 2072: 2068: 2063: 2060: 2057:, p. 14. 2056: 2051: 2048: 2044: 2039: 2036: 2032: 2027: 2024: 2020: 2015: 2012: 2009:, p. 99. 2008: 2007:Dragnich 1983 2003: 2000: 1997:, p. 87. 1996: 1991: 1988: 1984: 1979: 1976: 1973:, p. 76. 1972: 1967: 1964: 1961:, p. 61. 1960: 1955: 1953: 1949: 1945: 1940: 1937: 1933: 1928: 1925: 1921: 1916: 1913: 1910:, p. 45. 1909: 1904: 1901: 1898:, p. 67. 1897: 1892: 1890: 1888: 1884: 1878: 1876: 1872: 1870: 1866: 1862: 1856: 1853: 1848: 1843: 1837: 1835: 1831: 1826: 1824: 1820: 1811: 1809: 1806: 1800: 1798: 1794: 1790: 1786: 1782: 1778: 1772: 1765:Axis invasion 1764: 1762: 1759: 1751: 1744: 1736: 1733: 1731: 1730:Marko Daković 1727: 1723: 1721: 1718: 1716: 1715:Jovo Bonjanin 1712: 1708: 1706: 1703: 1701: 1697: 1693: 1691: 1688: 1686: 1682: 1678: 1676: 1673: 1671: 1670:Boža Marković 1667: 1663: 1661: 1658: 1656: 1652: 1648: 1645: 1643: 1639: 1635: 1632: 1629: 1628: 1622: 1615: 1613: 1610: 1608: 1604: 1600: 1598: 1595: 1593: 1589: 1585: 1583: 1580: 1578: 1574: 1570: 1568: 1565: 1563: 1559: 1555: 1553: 1550: 1548: 1544: 1540: 1538: 1535: 1533: 1529: 1525: 1523: 1520: 1518: 1514: 1510: 1508: 1505: 1503: 1499: 1495: 1493: 1490: 1488: 1484: 1480: 1477: 1474: 1473: 1467: 1460: 1458: 1455: 1453: 1449: 1445: 1443: 1440: 1438: 1434: 1430: 1428: 1425: 1423: 1419: 1415: 1413: 1410: 1408: 1404: 1400: 1398: 1395: 1393: 1392:Bogoljub Ilić 1389: 1383: 1381: 1378: 1376: 1375:Dušan Simović 1372: 1368: 1365: 1362: 1361: 1355: 1354: 1350: 1346: 1344: 1339: 1332: 1330: 1329:Vladimir Kren 1326: 1325: 1320: 1315: 1314:Romanian army 1311: 1306: 1303: 1299: 1294: 1291: 1287: 1283: 1278: 1274: 1271: 1267: 1258: 1253: 1251: 1249: 1245: 1241: 1237: 1233: 1232:Black Handers 1229: 1225: 1221: 1217: 1212: 1210: 1205: 1201: 1197: 1196:Joseph Stalin 1193: 1188: 1165: 1164:Group Captain 1162: 1158: 1155: 1150: 1148: 1142: 1140: 1139:Bogoljub Ilić 1136: 1133: 1129: 1124: 1115: 1113: 1111: 1107: 1102: 1100: 1095: 1091: 1087: 1083: 1079: 1075: 1071: 1061: 1057: 1055: 1051: 1047: 1043: 1042:Princess Olga 1039: 1035: 1031: 1027: 1023: 1019: 1014: 1003: 1000: 997: 994: 990: 987: 983: 979: 976: 972: 969: 968: 967: 965: 961: 952: 945: 943: 941: 937: 933: 929: 923: 915: 913: 911: 907: 903: 899: 895: 891: 885: 883: 879: 875: 871: 867: 863: 859: 855: 851: 846: 842: 838: 837:Berchtesgaden 833: 831: 826: 821: 816: 811: 807: 803: 799: 794: 792: 788: 783: 781: 777: 773: 769: 765: 760: 756: 752: 748: 740: 737: 736:prince regent 734:was fired by 733: 728: 724: 722: 718: 714: 709: 701: 699: 697: 693: 689: 685: 681: 677: 674: 670: 666: 662: 656: 654: 650: 646: 642: 641:Anton Korošec 638: 634: 630: 626: 622: 618: 613: 611: 607: 606: 601: 600:Dušan Simović 597: 593: 589: 588: 580: 572: 570: 567: 562: 558: 554: 550: 546: 542: 538: 534: 530: 526: 522: 518: 510: 508: 506: 502: 498: 494: 490: 486: 483:, his cousin 482: 481: 476: 473:in 1934 by a 472: 468: 464: 460: 455: 454:Sava Banovina 451: 447: 443: 439: 435: 427: 423: 419: 416: 413: 408: 406: 402: 398: 393: 391: 387: 383: 379: 375: 371: 367: 363: 359: 355: 351: 343: 341: 339: 335: 331: 327: 323: 319: 315: 311: 307: 302: 300: 296: 292: 288: 284: 280: 275: 270: 267: 263: 259: 255: 251: 250:Dušan Simović 247: 244:-nationalist 243: 239: 235: 231: 227: 223: 219: 206: 203: 201: 198: 196: 193: 191: 188: 186: 183: 182: 179: 174: 164: 159: 157: 152: 150: 145: 144: 141: 132: 128: 123: 120: 116: 114: 113:Dušan Simović 110: 106: 103: 99: 98: 96: 92: 89: 85: 82: 78: 75:27 March 1941 74: 70: 65: 61: 57: 53: 52:Dušan Simović 48: 43: 37: 33: 19: 4697:. 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In 4221:(PDF) 4215:[ 4105:[ 4012:[ 3905:(PDF) 3899:[ 3852:[ 3723:[ 3655:(PDF) 3649:[ 3550:Books 1865:Sudan 1633:Party 1478:Party 1366:Party 1310:Banat 1078:Split 1046:Kenya 960:Zemun 749:from 553:Italy 519:with 501:Peter 390:Islam 354:Serbs 4701:2017 4612:ISSN 4465:ISSN 4445:2018 4419:ISSN 4371:ISSN 4336:ISBN 4315:ISBN 4293:ISBN 4272:ISBN 4253:OCLC 4225:OCLC 4196:ISBN 4175:ISBN 4154:ISBN 4130:ISBN 4111:OCLC 4086:ISBN 4063:ISBN 4039:ISBN 4018:OCLC 3995:ISBN 3976:ISBN 3952:ISBN 3931:ISBN 3909:OCLC 3880:ISBN 3858:OCLC 3831:ISBN 3812:ISBN 3788:ISBN 3769:OCLC 3750:ISBN 3729:ISBN 3699:ISBN 3678:ISBN 3659:OCLC 3630:ISBN 3606:ISBN 3587:ISBN 3567:ISBN 1793:Pale 1787:and 1734:Ind. 1646:Ind. 1202:and 1084:and 1022:Brdo 1009:2:00 980:the 975:Sava 874:NKVD 770:and 739:Paul 678:was 523:and 410:The 376:and 348:The 312:and 285:and 272:The 216:The 119:Axis 72:Date 4604:doi 4572:doi 4530:doi 4486:doi 3846:"5" 1871:". 1720:JNS 1705:JNS 1690:NRS 1612:SLS 1597:SLS 1582:JMO 1567:NRS 1552:HSS 1537:HSS 1522:HSS 1507:HSS 1492:HSS 1427:SDS 1412:SDS 1397:Mil 1380:Mil 1192:GRU 942:). 62:in 4715:: 4691:. 4659:. 4643:; 4618:. 4610:. 4598:. 4578:. 4566:. 4546:. 4538:. 4526:36 4524:. 4520:. 4500:. 4492:. 4482:32 4480:. 4459:. 4433:. 4413:. 4392:39 4365:. 3848:. 3340:^ 3277:^ 3140:^ 3113:^ 3084:^ 2901:^ 2811:^ 2796:^ 2767:^ 2736:^ 2695:^ 2620:^ 2581:^ 2528:^ 2511:^ 2496:^ 2475:^ 2448:^ 2409:^ 2392:^ 2293:^ 2230:^ 2131:^ 2086:^ 1951:^ 1886:^ 1675:DS 1660:DS 1457:DS 1442:ZS 1182:G. 1174:H. 1170:H. 1166:A. 1080:, 1076:, 1072:, 1056:. 1032:, 904:, 864:, 690:, 655:. 448:: 372:, 368:, 364:, 360:, 356:, 301:. 224:, 86:, 4703:. 4626:. 4606:: 4600:2 4586:. 4574:: 4568:5 4554:. 4532:: 4508:. 4488:: 4471:. 4447:. 4425:. 4377:. 4344:. 4323:. 4301:. 4280:. 4259:. 4231:. 4204:. 4183:. 4162:. 4138:. 4117:. 4094:. 4071:. 4047:. 4003:. 3984:. 3960:. 3939:. 3915:. 3888:. 3864:. 3839:. 3820:. 3796:. 3775:. 3758:. 3737:. 3707:. 3686:. 3665:. 3638:. 3614:. 3595:. 3538:. 3523:. 3511:. 3311:. 2860:. 2491:. 995:) 444:( 162:e 155:t 148:v 34:. 20:)

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