208:
420:
211:
215:
214:
210:
209:
216:
463:, described the Yugambeh language as having potentially upwards of 7 dialects. Recent analysis has found errors in these original studies and when corrected for these errors, two mutually intelligible dialects can be found; a western (freshwater) variety and an eastern (saltwater) variety with minor vocabularic differences.
213:
1421:
Verb suffixes are placed in six orders. A verb may not take more than one suffix from an order, and similar to nouns, suffixes are attached in a set order. Combinations of these suffixes express all possible conjugations of
Yugambeh verbs, with only a small number of combinations possible. Yugambeh
1724:
Yugambeh possesses a complicated set of demonstratives that make a three-way distinction, with proximal, medial, and distal sets. There is a further distinguishing of demonstrative adjectives and location demonstratives. The adjective set can be additionally suffixed to create demonstrative
1725:
pronouns'. The adjective set has three forms for "things in sight", "things hidden or not in sight" and "things not there anymore", while the location set has forms to indicate the general area and definite area, whether in sight or not in sight, and past and present forms.
870:
Noun suffixes are placed into ten orders. A noun may not take more than one suffix from any order, and if more than one suffix is attached they must always be in the set order of the suffix orders, e.g. an order 7 suffix must always come after an order 5 suffix.
2249:
611:
Compared to other Pama-Nyungan languages, Yugambeh has a smaller inventory of consonants. There are four places of articulation, with the consonants consisting of four obstruents, four nasals, two liquids, and two semivowels.
2205:
180:
212:
2894:
2186:
834:
Obstruents do not have a voicing contrast, and can appear as fricative allophones. Obstruents are phonetically voiceless, except when following a homorganic consonant.
2397:
4840:
788:
2887:
851:
842:
The grammar of the
Yugambeh language is highly agglutinative, making use of over 50 suffixes on nouns, verbs, adjectives and demonstratives.
1858:
The above set can be suffixed with order 7 noun suffixes to form demonstrative pronouns that function like ordinary independent nouns. e.g.
2221:
432:
2880:
2187:
https://www.abs.gov.au/statistics/people/people-and-communities/cultural-diversity-census/2021/Cultural%20diversity%20data%20summary.xlsx/
805:
765:
3723:
2784:
2286:
3595:
2689:
2562:
2440:
4569:
854:) structures. Adjectives and demonstratives part of noun phrases e.g. that man, a red car, stay adjacent to the noun they qualify.
3983:
571:
250:
4845:
2808:
2656:
2623:
2587:
2372:
2339:
2754:
444:
266:
3100:
2036:
1383:
325:
194:
4581:
3295:
2843:
550:
4475:
4274:
4130:
4118:
3933:
3631:
3298:
2903:
2866:
297:
100:
1410:
1406:
3267:
2706:
2404:
2017:
815:
695:
665:
584:
3746:
3574:
3185:
2064:
685:
3503:
3376:
1237:#The comitative, purposive, desiderative, ablative and aversive suffixes are preceded by -bah on animate nouns.
4541:
3252:
3090:
2949:
2934:
2148:
1867:
The 'not in sight' and 'not here anymore' forms can take the order 2 noun suffix -gan to form time words. e.g.
558:
460:
4332:
4304:
3452:
3128:
3085:
3018:
2154:
2104:
675:
467:
270:
221:
4505:
4495:
3826:
3811:
3765:
3693:
3651:
2132:
600:
2867:
Yugambeh (South East
Queensland - Logan, Gold Coast, Scenic Rim) Community Language Journey Digital Story
4715:
4408:
4395:
4207:
4024:
3783:
3200:
3080:
2294:
2089:
742:
712:
258:
4603:
3028:
2837:
4736:
4644:
4590:
4444:
4380:
4243:
4092:
4064:
4059:
3874:
3803:
3788:
3718:
3713:
3703:
3698:
3688:
3656:
3569:
3475:
3460:
3409:
3404:
3394:
3221:
3190:
3038:
3033:
2432:
2048:
732:
620:
4710:
4700:
4690:
4634:
4520:
4385:
4238:
4215:
4192:
4049:
3741:
3643:
3556:
3516:
3483:
3419:
3399:
3310:
3138:
3064:
2944:
2939:
2116:
2060:
293:
289:
105:
2528:
4806:
4778:
4768:
4695:
4608:
4424:
4220:
4161:
4153:
4138:
4115:
4082:
4006:
3996:
3973:
3902:
3897:
3816:
3778:
3708:
3628:
3564:
3541:
3536:
3526:
3493:
3488:
3384:
3328:
3272:
3231:
3159:
3113:
3108:
3043:
2969:
2729:
2099:
1402:
722:
652:
637:
329:
315:
4487:
2453:
2478:
4793:
4760:
4741:
4731:
4680:
4670:
4439:
4327:
4322:
4314:
4271:
4230:
4143:
4087:
4074:
4054:
4034:
3991:
3953:
3930:
3884:
3861:
3841:
3831:
3773:
3672:
3666:
3511:
3366:
3361:
3323:
3247:
3226:
3195:
3133:
3059:
3013:
2954:
2685:
2662:
2652:
2629:
2619:
2593:
2583:
2558:
2436:
2378:
2368:
2345:
2335:
2079:
2074:
753:
647:
625:
368:
28:
4783:
4746:
4685:
4613:
4598:
4515:
4365:
4360:
4350:
4342:
4299:
4197:
4171:
4039:
4019:
4014:
3968:
3958:
3907:
3892:
3869:
3851:
3531:
3442:
3437:
3351:
3333:
3318:
3262:
3180:
3175:
3154:
3023:
2964:
2959:
2821:
2812:
776:
630:
526:
Yugambeh has a vowel system of four vowels that also contrast in length, resulting in eight
419:
4811:
4801:
4773:
4705:
4675:
4665:
4546:
4525:
4510:
4500:
4429:
4375:
4355:
4294:
4248:
4179:
4044:
4029:
3963:
3945:
3846:
3821:
3733:
3680:
3605:
3590:
3546:
3521:
3465:
3432:
3343:
3257:
3118:
2995:
2979:
2974:
2916:
2307:
2201:
642:
456:
285:
254:
186:
92:
73:
1661:
Adjectives can be marked with a suffix to indicate the gender of the noun they qualify.
4649:
4639:
4629:
4451:
4286:
3600:
3427:
3389:
3216:
2328:
172:
4834:
3836:
3793:
3356:
3005:
1314:(diminutive) – used to form the diminutive of a noun, referring to a smaller version
850:
Syntax in the
Yugambeh language is fairly free ordered, with a tendency towards SOV (
436:
345:
440:
278:
274:
530:
vowels in total. The letter "h" is used after the vowel to indicate a long vowel.
603:
is fronted and raised between palatal consonants and a lateral/rhotic consonant.
2847:
2126:
428:
262:
199:
17:
2856:
Grammar and Texts of the
Yugambeh-Bundjalung Dialect Chain in Eastern Australia
2682:
Grammar and texts of the
Yugambeh-Bundjalung dialect chain in Eastern Australia
2649:
Grammar and texts of the
Yugambeh-Bundjalung dialect chain in Eastern Australia
2616:
Grammar and texts of the
Yugambeh-Bundjalung dialect chain in Eastern Australia
2580:
Grammar and texts of the
Yugambeh-Bundjalung dialect chain in Eastern Australia
2555:
Grammar and Texts of the
Yugambeh-Bundjalung Dialect Chain in Eastern Australia
2365:
Grammar and texts of the Yugambeh-Bundjalung dialect chain in Eastern Australia
2853:
2013:
1409:-dominant like most Western languages. Yugambeh suffixes mostly conjugate for
706:
62:
2666:
2633:
2597:
2382:
2009:
799:
659:
165:
149:
2762:
2503:
2349:
423:
Satellite image of the geographic distribution of the Tweed-Albert Language
156:
2872:
2083:
2817:
1422:
verb stems are commonly two syllables in length and always in a vowel.
527:
2334:. Smythe, W. E. Canberra: Australian Institute of Aboriginal Studies.
2825:
2287:"Your Language is Dead, Go Learn Bundjalung: Those who said Yugambeh"
2206:
Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies
1286:(feminine) – used to form feminine nouns and some astrological terms
2614:
Sharpe, Margaret C. (2005). "Nouns, Adjectives and their Suffixes".
314:
means an emphatic 'no', 'never' i.e. 'very much no' and is a common
2578:
Sharpe, Margaret C. (2005). "Sentences and Clauses and Pronouns".
2142:
418:
318:
for the people and their language. Language speakers use the word
206:
2842:, virtual book, read in Yugambeh language by Axel Best. From the
862:
Nouns take a number of suffixes to decline for grammatical case.
2032:
Modern place names with roots in the Yugambeh language include:
4567:
4472:
4269:
4113:
3928:
3626:
3293:
2914:
2876:
2272:(web site by the Kombumerri Aboriginal Corporation for Culture)
2021:
2553:
Sharpe, Margaret C. (2005). "Sounds of Yugambeh-Bundjalung".
2269:
269:
basin, bounded to the east by the Pacific Ocean (including
2785:"Indigenous Language Resources: South-East Qld Placenames"
2204:
Yugambeh at the Australian Indigenous Languages Database,
1401:
Verbs are conjugated with the use of suffixes. It is an
1250:(typified by) – used to indicate an association or link
2222:"Yugambeh Aboriginal War Memorial | Monument Australia"
371:
was evidently a separate language located further west)
245:'language of men' or 'sound of eagles'), also known as
2805:
Dictionary of Yugambeh Including Neighbouring Dialects
2807:, compiled by Margaret Sharpe, Pacific Linguistics:
4792:
4759:
4724:
4658:
4622:
4589:
4580:
4534:
4486:
4417:
4341:
4313:
4285:
4229:
4206:
4170:
4152:
4129:
4073:
4005:
3982:
3944:
3883:
3860:
3802:
3764:
3732:
3679:
3665:
3642:
3583:
3555:
3502:
3474:
3451:
3418:
3375:
3342:
3309:
3240:
3209:
3168:
3147:
3099:
3073:
3052:
3004:
2988:
2927:
288:of two mutually intelligible dialects, one of four
193:
179:
163:
147:
142:
121:
89:
79:
69:
58:
43:
2398:"THE AUSTRALIAN RACE: NO. 184,-THE CLARENCE RIVER"
2327:
2164:
2158:
2136:
2120:
2108:
2093:
2068:
2052:
2040:
1993:
1986:
1979:
1967:
1960:
1953:
1941:
1934:
1927:
1915:
1908:
1901:
1868:
1859:
1848:
1841:
1834:
1822:
1815:
1808:
1796:
1789:
1782:
1770:
1763:
1756:
1377:
1356:
1348:
1320:
1292:
1264:
1256:
349:
339:
333:
319:
309:
236:
1371:(past possessive) – indicates past possession
459:, relying on the previous work of others like
338:meaning 'of man', 'of human', 'of eagle' (the
2888:
2557:. Muenchen, Germany: LINCOM. pp. 43–47.
2189:Australian Bureau of Statistics - 2021 Census
8:
1342:(possessive) – indicates current possession
2651:. Muenchen: Lincom Europa. pp. 57–74.
2618:. Muenchen: Lincom Europa. pp. 77–96.
2582:. Muenchen: Lincom Europa. pp. 48–56.
242:
4586:
4577:
4564:
4483:
4469:
4282:
4266:
4126:
4110:
3941:
3925:
3676:
3639:
3623:
3306:
3290:
2924:
2911:
2895:
2881:
2873:
2330:The middle Clarence dialects of Bandjalang
2250:"Memorial service for Yugambeh servicemen"
40:
2647:Sharpe, Margaret C. (2005). "The Verbs".
2395:"Edward Curr, The Australian Race" 1886.
2197:
2195:
332:for the people; they call their language
2016:for the Yugambeh language, available on
1880:
1732:
1668:
1424:
873:
614:
532:
472:
2179:
1231:'X' stands for a homorganic obstruent.
400:, the name of a Yugambeh-speaking clan)
2303:
2292:
2012:currently maintains a free dictionary
2609:
2607:
2270:Yugambeh Museum web site introduction
2244:
2242:
2215:
2213:
120:
7:
2321:
2319:
2317:
2280:
2278:
1269:'womaniser' lit. 'typified by women'
1234:'N' stands for a homorganic nasals.
2846:virtual book collection. (requires
466:Some differences noted by linguist
308:In the Yugambeh language, the word
1716:*N stands for a homorganic nasal.
1405:-dominant language, as opposed to
965:Ergative, Instrumental, Comitative
25:
2854:Linguist List (2005) Synopsis of
2705:Museum, Yugambeh (16 June 2016),
814:
804:
787:
764:
741:
731:
721:
711:
694:
684:
674:
664:
583:
570:
557:
549:
2285:Davies, Shaun (1 January 2022).
2730:"Yugambeh App on the App Store"
2809:Australian National University
2790:. State Library of Queensland.
2504:"Aboriginal Cultural Heritage"
1261:'shoe' lit. 'typified by foot'
427:Yugambeh is spoken within the
251:Australian Aboriginal language
36:Australian Aboriginal language
1:
4841:Yugambeh–Bundjalung languages
2869:, State Library of Queensland
2529:"Tindale Tribes – Minjungbal"
410:, an alternate language term)
324:which means 'man', 'human', '
2680:Sharpe, Margaret C. (2005).
2363:Sharpe, Margaret C. (2005).
360:may also be referred to as:
298:Pama–Nyungan language family
2844:State Library of Queensland
2684:. LINCOM. pp. 97–102.
2533:archives.samuseum.sa.gov.au
2483:archives.samuseum.sa.gov.au
2458:archives.samuseum.sa.gov.au
2454:"Tindale Tribes – Jukambal"
2367:. Muenchen: Lincom Europa.
2057:, 'a long flat or clearing'
1861:Yanindeh galini wungahbaia!
1558:-nyun 'synchronous aspect'
1543:-nah 'antechronous aspect'
4862:
2479:"Tindale Tribes – Jukambe"
2429:Macquarie Aboriginal Words
1618:-jin 'synchronous aspect'
1472:-hn 'imperfective aspect'
876:
127:Mananjahli (Wangerriburra)
26:
4576:
4563:
4482:
4468:
4281:
4265:
4125:
4109:
3940:
3924:
3638:
3622:
3305:
3289:
2923:
2910:
2113:, 'the remains of a fire'
2098:, the local name for the
1898:In sight (definite area)
1748:Distal (that over there)
1734:Demonstrative adjectives
1528:-hla 'continuous aspect'
803:
619:
617:
582:
556:
273:) and in the west by the
53:
48:
2226:monumentaustralia.org.au
2151:– rotten or decayed logs
1924:In sight (general area)
1573:-luru 'historical past'
1463:-li 'reflexive/passive'
27:Not to be confused with
2326:Crowley, Terry (1978).
2165:
2159:
2137:
2121:
2109:
2094:
2069:
2053:
2041:
2024:and a desktop version.
2008:The Yugambeh Museum in
1994:
1987:
1980:
1968:
1961:
1954:
1950:Not in sight (present)
1942:
1935:
1928:
1916:
1909:
1902:
1869:
1860:
1849:
1842:
1835:
1823:
1816:
1809:
1797:
1790:
1783:
1771:
1764:
1757:
1378:
1357:
1349:
1321:
1293:
1265:
1257:
415:Geographic distribution
350:
340:
334:
328:' and is the preferred
320:
310:
271:South Stradbroke Island
261:between and within the
247:Tweed-Albert Bandjalang
237:
4434:old Wangkumara/Garlali
4403:new Wangkumara/Garlali
2904:Pama–Nyungan languages
2839:Borobi and His Friends
2302:Cite journal requires
1864:'Take this with you!'
1492:-hny 'potential mood'
599:The low central vowel
424:
225:
4846:South East Queensland
3724:Woiwurrung–Taungurung
2508:Tweed Regional Museum
2045:, 'was of the parrot'
1515:-de 'preconditional'
1382:'was of the parrot' (
422:
384:Tweed-Albert language
259:South-East Queensland
219:
4784:Gangalidda (Yukulta)
2861:Accessed 20 May 2008
2433:Macquarie University
1976:Not in sight (past)
1893:Distal (over there)
1831:Not in sight (plrl)
1657:Adjective morphology
1495:-i 'preconditional'
1475:-du 'habitual mood'
1361:'of the moon/moon's'
4570:Macro-Pama–Nyungan?
1735:
1671:
1670:Adjective suffixes
1427:
852:subject–object–verb
474:
344:suffix forming the
294:Bandjalangic branch
4035:Ngarluma-Kariyarra
2435:, 1994, paperback
2100:Common death adder
1805:Not in sight (sg)
1733:
1669:
1459:'Carry whilst...'
1425:
1335:4th order suffixes
1307:3rd order suffixes
1279:2nd order suffixes
1242:1st order suffixes
473:
455:Linguists such as
425:
365:Yugambir, Yugambeh
326:wedge-tailed eagle
226:
220:Yugambeh speaker,
4828:
4827:
4824:
4823:
4820:
4819:
4755:
4754:
4623:Mangarrayi-Marran
4582:Macro-Gunwinyguan
4559:
4558:
4555:
4554:
4464:
4463:
4460:
4459:
4261:
4260:
4257:
4256:
4105:
4104:
4101:
4100:
3984:Kanyara–Mantharta
3920:
3919:
3916:
3915:
3760:
3759:
3618:
3617:
3614:
3613:
3285:
3284:
3281:
3280:
3268:Mbariman-Gudhinma
2862:
2755:"Yugambeh Museum"
2711:, Yugambeh Museum
2220:Design, UBC Web.
2157:– from the words
2001:
2000:
1856:
1855:
1714:
1713:
1691:Animate (female)
1654:
1653:
1648:-ni 'perfective'
1603:-yah 'purposive'
1229:
1228:
827:
826:
820:⟨j⟩
810:⟨w⟩
793:⟨r⟩
770:⟨l⟩
747:⟨n⟩
737:⟨ň⟩
727:⟨g⟩
717:⟨m⟩
700:⟨t⟩
690:⟨ť⟩
680:⟨k⟩
670:⟨p⟩
592:
591:
514:
513:
380:Jugumbir, Jukamba
369:Yugambal/Yugumbal
217:
205:
204:
29:Yugambal language
16:(Redirected from
4853:
4587:
4578:
4565:
4484:
4470:
4283:
4267:
4127:
4111:
3942:
3926:
3751:Kuurn Kopan Noot
3747:Dhauwurd Wurrung
3677:
3640:
3624:
3575:Pallanganmiddang
3307:
3291:
3186:Aghu Tharrnggala
2925:
2912:
2897:
2890:
2883:
2874:
2860:
2826:10.15144/PL-C139
2820:
2792:
2791:
2789:
2781:
2775:
2774:
2772:
2770:
2761:. Archived from
2751:
2745:
2744:
2742:
2740:
2726:
2720:
2719:
2718:
2716:
2702:
2696:
2695:
2677:
2671:
2670:
2644:
2638:
2637:
2611:
2602:
2601:
2575:
2569:
2568:
2550:
2544:
2543:
2541:
2539:
2525:
2519:
2518:
2516:
2514:
2500:
2494:
2493:
2491:
2489:
2475:
2469:
2468:
2466:
2464:
2450:
2444:
2426:
2420:
2419:
2417:
2415:
2410:on 20 March 2011
2409:
2403:. Archived from
2402:
2393:
2387:
2386:
2360:
2354:
2353:
2333:
2323:
2312:
2311:
2305:
2300:
2298:
2290:
2282:
2273:
2267:
2261:
2260:
2258:
2256:
2246:
2237:
2236:
2234:
2232:
2217:
2208:
2199:
2190:
2184:
2168:
2162:
2140:
2124:
2112:
2097:
2072:
2056:
2044:
1997:
1990:
1983:
1971:
1964:
1957:
1945:
1938:
1931:
1919:
1912:
1905:
1887:Proximal (here)
1881:
1872:
1863:
1852:
1845:
1838:
1826:
1819:
1812:
1800:
1793:
1786:
1779:In sight (plrl)
1774:
1767:
1760:
1742:Proximal (this)
1736:
1672:
1633:-n 'permissive'
1512:-h 'imperative'
1428:
1381:
1360:
1352:
1324:
1296:
1268:
1260:
874:
821:
818:
811:
808:
794:
791:
771:
768:
748:
745:
738:
735:
728:
725:
718:
715:
701:
698:
691:
688:
681:
678:
671:
668:
615:
602:
587:
574:
561:
553:
533:
475:
353:
343:
337:
323:
313:
244:
240:
218:
189:
175:
159:
152:
95:
41:
21:
18:Yugambeh dialect
4861:
4860:
4856:
4855:
4854:
4852:
4851:
4850:
4831:
4830:
4829:
4816:
4788:
4751:
4720:
4654:
4618:
4572:
4551:
4530:
4478:
4456:
4413:
4390:Wangka-Yutjurru
4337:
4309:
4277:
4253:
4225:
4202:
4166:
4148:
4121:
4097:
4069:
4001:
3978:
3936:
3912:
3879:
3856:
3798:
3756:
3728:
3694:Dja Dja Wurrung
3675:
3661:
3634:
3610:
3579:
3551:
3498:
3470:
3447:
3414:
3371:
3338:
3301:
3277:
3253:Flinders Island
3236:
3205:
3164:
3143:
3095:
3091:Guugu Yimidhirr
3069:
3048:
3000:
2984:
2950:Arritinngithigh
2935:Adithinngithigh
2919:
2917:Paman languages
2906:
2901:
2834:
2816:
2801:
2799:Further reading
2796:
2795:
2787:
2783:
2782:
2778:
2768:
2766:
2765:on 29 July 2017
2753:
2752:
2748:
2738:
2736:
2728:
2727:
2723:
2714:
2712:
2704:
2703:
2699:
2692:
2679:
2678:
2674:
2659:
2646:
2645:
2641:
2626:
2613:
2612:
2605:
2590:
2577:
2576:
2572:
2565:
2552:
2551:
2547:
2537:
2535:
2527:
2526:
2522:
2512:
2510:
2502:
2501:
2497:
2487:
2485:
2477:
2476:
2472:
2462:
2460:
2452:
2451:
2447:
2427:
2423:
2413:
2411:
2407:
2400:
2396:
2394:
2390:
2375:
2362:
2361:
2357:
2342:
2325:
2324:
2315:
2301:
2291:
2284:
2283:
2276:
2268:
2264:
2254:
2252:
2248:
2247:
2240:
2230:
2228:
2219:
2218:
2211:
2200:
2193:
2185:
2181:
2176:
2163:('pigeon') and
2073:, a species of
2030:
2006:
1890:Medial (there)
1884:Demonstratives
1879:
1739:Demonstratives
1731:
1722:
1683:Animate (male)
1667:
1659:
1419:
1411:aspect and mood
1399:
1397:Verb morphology
1325:'toy boomerang'
1297:'female singer'
1003:Past Possessive
868:
860:
858:Noun morphology
848:
840:
819:
809:
792:
769:
746:
736:
726:
716:
699:
689:
679:
669:
609:
597:
524:
519:
457:Margaret Sharpe
453:
417:
406:(probably from
306:
286:dialect cluster
207:
185:
171:
155:
148:
117:
96:
93:Language family
91:
85:208 (2021)
82:
81:Native speakers
37:
32:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4859:
4857:
4849:
4848:
4843:
4833:
4832:
4826:
4825:
4822:
4821:
4818:
4817:
4815:
4814:
4809:
4804:
4798:
4796:
4790:
4789:
4787:
4786:
4781:
4776:
4771:
4765:
4763:
4757:
4756:
4753:
4752:
4750:
4749:
4744:
4739:
4734:
4728:
4726:
4722:
4721:
4719:
4718:
4713:
4708:
4703:
4698:
4693:
4688:
4683:
4678:
4673:
4668:
4662:
4660:
4656:
4655:
4653:
4652:
4647:
4642:
4637:
4632:
4626:
4624:
4620:
4619:
4617:
4616:
4611:
4606:
4601:
4595:
4593:
4584:
4574:
4573:
4568:
4561:
4560:
4557:
4556:
4553:
4552:
4550:
4549:
4544:
4542:Lower Burdekin
4538:
4536:
4532:
4531:
4529:
4528:
4523:
4518:
4513:
4508:
4503:
4498:
4492:
4490:
4480:
4479:
4473:
4466:
4465:
4462:
4461:
4458:
4457:
4455:
4454:
4449:
4448:
4447:
4437:
4436:
4435:
4427:
4421:
4419:
4415:
4414:
4412:
4411:
4406:
4405:
4404:
4401:
4393:
4392:
4391:
4383:
4378:
4373:
4372:
4371:
4363:
4358:
4353:
4347:
4345:
4339:
4338:
4336:
4335:
4333:Lower Arrernte
4330:
4325:
4319:
4317:
4311:
4310:
4308:
4307:
4305:Western Desert
4302:
4297:
4291:
4289:
4279:
4278:
4270:
4263:
4262:
4259:
4258:
4255:
4254:
4252:
4251:
4246:
4241:
4235:
4233:
4227:
4226:
4224:
4223:
4218:
4212:
4210:
4204:
4203:
4201:
4200:
4195:
4190:
4189:
4188:
4185:
4176:
4174:
4168:
4167:
4165:
4164:
4158:
4156:
4150:
4149:
4147:
4146:
4141:
4135:
4133:
4123:
4122:
4114:
4107:
4106:
4103:
4102:
4099:
4098:
4096:
4095:
4090:
4085:
4079:
4077:
4071:
4070:
4068:
4067:
4062:
4057:
4052:
4047:
4042:
4037:
4032:
4027:
4022:
4017:
4011:
4009:
4003:
4002:
4000:
3999:
3994:
3988:
3986:
3980:
3979:
3977:
3976:
3971:
3966:
3961:
3956:
3950:
3948:
3938:
3937:
3929:
3922:
3921:
3918:
3917:
3914:
3913:
3911:
3910:
3905:
3900:
3895:
3889:
3887:
3881:
3880:
3878:
3877:
3872:
3866:
3864:
3858:
3857:
3855:
3854:
3849:
3844:
3839:
3834:
3829:
3824:
3819:
3814:
3808:
3806:
3800:
3799:
3797:
3796:
3791:
3786:
3781:
3776:
3770:
3768:
3762:
3761:
3758:
3757:
3755:
3754:
3753:
3752:
3744:
3738:
3736:
3730:
3729:
3727:
3726:
3721:
3716:
3711:
3706:
3701:
3696:
3691:
3685:
3683:
3671:
3669:
3663:
3662:
3660:
3659:
3654:
3648:
3646:
3636:
3635:
3627:
3620:
3619:
3616:
3615:
3612:
3611:
3609:
3608:
3603:
3601:Kalaw Lagaw Ya
3598:
3593:
3587:
3585:
3581:
3580:
3578:
3577:
3572:
3567:
3561:
3559:
3553:
3552:
3550:
3549:
3544:
3539:
3534:
3529:
3524:
3519:
3514:
3508:
3506:
3500:
3499:
3497:
3496:
3491:
3486:
3480:
3478:
3472:
3471:
3469:
3468:
3463:
3457:
3455:
3449:
3448:
3446:
3445:
3440:
3435:
3430:
3424:
3422:
3416:
3415:
3413:
3412:
3407:
3402:
3397:
3392:
3387:
3381:
3379:
3373:
3372:
3370:
3369:
3364:
3359:
3354:
3348:
3346:
3340:
3339:
3337:
3336:
3331:
3326:
3321:
3315:
3313:
3303:
3302:
3294:
3287:
3286:
3283:
3282:
3279:
3278:
3276:
3275:
3270:
3265:
3260:
3255:
3250:
3244:
3242:
3238:
3237:
3235:
3234:
3229:
3224:
3219:
3213:
3211:
3207:
3206:
3204:
3203:
3198:
3193:
3188:
3183:
3178:
3172:
3170:
3166:
3165:
3163:
3162:
3157:
3151:
3149:
3145:
3144:
3142:
3141:
3136:
3131:
3129:Kuuk Thaayorre
3126:
3125:
3124:
3116:
3111:
3105:
3103:
3097:
3096:
3094:
3093:
3088:
3083:
3077:
3075:
3071:
3070:
3068:
3067:
3062:
3056:
3054:
3050:
3049:
3047:
3046:
3041:
3036:
3031:
3026:
3021:
3016:
3010:
3008:
3002:
3001:
2999:
2998:
2992:
2990:
2986:
2985:
2983:
2982:
2977:
2972:
2967:
2962:
2957:
2952:
2947:
2942:
2937:
2931:
2929:
2921:
2920:
2915:
2908:
2907:
2902:
2900:
2899:
2892:
2885:
2877:
2871:
2870:
2864:
2851:
2833:
2832:External links
2830:
2829:
2828:
2800:
2797:
2794:
2793:
2776:
2746:
2721:
2697:
2690:
2672:
2657:
2639:
2624:
2603:
2588:
2570:
2563:
2545:
2520:
2495:
2470:
2445:
2421:
2388:
2373:
2355:
2340:
2313:
2304:|journal=
2274:
2262:
2238:
2209:
2191:
2178:
2177:
2175:
2172:
2171:
2170:
2152:
2146:
2141:, 'a place of
2130:
2125:, 'a place of
2114:
2102:
2087:
2077:
2058:
2046:
2029:
2026:
2005:
2002:
1999:
1998:
1991:
1984:
1977:
1973:
1972:
1965:
1958:
1951:
1947:
1946:
1939:
1932:
1925:
1921:
1920:
1913:
1906:
1899:
1895:
1894:
1891:
1888:
1885:
1878:
1875:
1854:
1853:
1846:
1839:
1832:
1828:
1827:
1820:
1813:
1806:
1802:
1801:
1794:
1787:
1780:
1776:
1775:
1768:
1761:
1754:
1753:In sight (sg)
1750:
1749:
1746:
1745:Medial (that)
1743:
1740:
1730:
1727:
1721:
1720:Demonstratives
1718:
1712:
1711:
1708:
1704:
1703:
1700:
1696:
1695:
1692:
1688:
1687:
1684:
1680:
1679:
1676:
1666:
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1625:
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1415:
1398:
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1330:
1329:
1328:
1327:
1326:
1304:
1303:
1302:
1301:
1300:
1299:
1298:
1294:Yarabilngingan
1276:
1275:
1274:
1273:
1272:
1271:
1270:
1262:
1227:
1226:
1224:
1222:
1220:
1212:
1210:
1208:
1206:
1204:
1202:
1199:
1198:
1196:
1194:
1192:
1184:
1182:
1180:
1178:
1176:
1174:
1171:
1170:
1168:
1166:
1164:
1156:
1154:
1152:
1150:
1148:
1146:
1143:
1142:
1140:
1138:
1136:
1128:
1126:
1124:
1122:
1120:
1118:
1115:
1114:
1112:
1110:
1108:
1100:
1098:
1096:
1094:
1092:
1090:
1087:
1086:
1084:
1082:
1080:
1072:
1070:
1068:
1066:
1064:
1062:
1059:
1058:
1056:
1054:
1052:
1044:
1042:
1040:
1038:
1036:
1034:
1031:
1030:
1022:
1020:
1018:
1010:
1008:
1006:
998:
996:
994:
991:
990:
984:
976:
968:
960:
952:
944:
936:
928:
920:
911:
910:
907:
904:
901:
898:
895:
892:
889:
886:
883:
879:
878:
867:
864:
859:
856:
847:
844:
839:
836:
825:
824:
822:
812:
802:
796:
795:
785:
783:
781:
779:
773:
772:
762:
760:
758:
756:
750:
749:
739:
729:
719:
709:
703:
702:
692:
682:
672:
662:
656:
655:
650:
645:
640:
634:
633:
628:
623:
618:
608:
605:
596:
593:
590:
589:
581:
577:
576:
568:
564:
563:
555:
547:
543:
542:
539:
536:
523:
520:
518:
515:
512:
511:
508:
505:
499:
498:
495:
492:
486:
485:
482:
479:
452:
449:
447:River basins.
416:
413:
412:
411:
401:
396:(a variant of
391:
388:
385:
382:
377:
372:
305:
302:
265:basin and the
253:spoken by the
238:Mibanah gulgun
203:
202:
197:
191:
190:
183:
177:
176:
169:
161:
160:
153:
145:
144:
143:Language codes
140:
139:
138:
137:
134:
131:
128:
123:
119:
118:
116:
115:
114:
113:
99:
97:
90:
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86:
83:
80:
77:
76:
71:
67:
66:
60:
56:
55:
51:
50:
46:
45:
35:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4858:
4847:
4844:
4842:
4839:
4838:
4836:
4813:
4810:
4808:
4805:
4803:
4800:
4799:
4797:
4795:
4791:
4785:
4782:
4780:
4777:
4775:
4772:
4770:
4767:
4766:
4764:
4762:
4758:
4748:
4745:
4743:
4740:
4738:
4735:
4733:
4730:
4729:
4727:
4723:
4717:
4714:
4712:
4709:
4707:
4704:
4702:
4699:
4697:
4694:
4692:
4689:
4687:
4684:
4682:
4679:
4677:
4674:
4672:
4669:
4667:
4664:
4663:
4661:
4657:
4651:
4648:
4646:
4643:
4641:
4638:
4636:
4633:
4631:
4628:
4627:
4625:
4621:
4615:
4612:
4610:
4607:
4605:
4602:
4600:
4597:
4596:
4594:
4592:
4588:
4585:
4583:
4579:
4575:
4571:
4566:
4562:
4548:
4545:
4543:
4540:
4539:
4537:
4533:
4527:
4524:
4522:
4519:
4517:
4514:
4512:
4509:
4507:
4504:
4502:
4499:
4497:
4494:
4493:
4491:
4489:
4485:
4481:
4477:
4471:
4467:
4453:
4450:
4446:
4443:
4442:
4441:
4438:
4433:
4432:
4431:
4428:
4426:
4423:
4422:
4420:
4416:
4410:
4407:
4402:
4399:
4398:
4397:
4394:
4389:
4388:
4387:
4384:
4382:
4379:
4377:
4374:
4369:
4368:
4367:
4364:
4362:
4359:
4357:
4354:
4352:
4349:
4348:
4346:
4344:
4340:
4334:
4331:
4329:
4326:
4324:
4321:
4320:
4318:
4316:
4312:
4306:
4303:
4301:
4298:
4296:
4293:
4292:
4290:
4288:
4284:
4280:
4276:
4273:
4268:
4264:
4250:
4247:
4245:
4242:
4240:
4237:
4236:
4234:
4232:
4228:
4222:
4219:
4217:
4214:
4213:
4211:
4209:
4205:
4199:
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4194:
4191:
4186:
4183:
4182:
4181:
4178:
4177:
4175:
4173:
4169:
4163:
4160:
4159:
4157:
4155:
4151:
4145:
4142:
4140:
4137:
4136:
4134:
4132:
4128:
4124:
4120:
4117:
4112:
4108:
4094:
4091:
4089:
4086:
4084:
4081:
4080:
4078:
4076:
4072:
4066:
4063:
4061:
4058:
4056:
4053:
4051:
4048:
4046:
4043:
4041:
4038:
4036:
4033:
4031:
4028:
4026:
4023:
4021:
4018:
4016:
4013:
4012:
4010:
4008:
4004:
3998:
3995:
3993:
3990:
3989:
3987:
3985:
3981:
3975:
3972:
3970:
3967:
3965:
3962:
3960:
3957:
3955:
3952:
3951:
3949:
3947:
3943:
3939:
3935:
3932:
3927:
3923:
3909:
3906:
3904:
3901:
3899:
3896:
3894:
3891:
3890:
3888:
3886:
3882:
3876:
3873:
3871:
3868:
3867:
3865:
3863:
3859:
3853:
3850:
3848:
3845:
3843:
3840:
3838:
3835:
3833:
3830:
3828:
3825:
3823:
3820:
3818:
3815:
3813:
3812:Adnyamathanha
3810:
3809:
3807:
3805:
3801:
3795:
3792:
3790:
3787:
3785:
3782:
3780:
3777:
3775:
3772:
3771:
3769:
3767:
3763:
3750:
3749:
3748:
3745:
3743:
3740:
3739:
3737:
3735:
3731:
3725:
3722:
3720:
3717:
3715:
3712:
3710:
3707:
3705:
3702:
3700:
3697:
3695:
3692:
3690:
3687:
3686:
3684:
3682:
3678:
3674:
3670:
3668:
3664:
3658:
3655:
3653:
3652:Yabula-Yabula
3650:
3649:
3647:
3645:
3641:
3637:
3633:
3630:
3625:
3621:
3607:
3604:
3602:
3599:
3597:
3594:
3592:
3589:
3588:
3586:
3582:
3576:
3573:
3571:
3568:
3566:
3563:
3562:
3560:
3558:
3554:
3548:
3545:
3543:
3540:
3538:
3535:
3533:
3530:
3528:
3525:
3523:
3520:
3518:
3515:
3513:
3510:
3509:
3507:
3505:
3501:
3495:
3492:
3490:
3487:
3485:
3482:
3481:
3479:
3477:
3473:
3467:
3464:
3462:
3459:
3458:
3456:
3454:
3453:Gumbaynggiric
3450:
3444:
3441:
3439:
3436:
3434:
3431:
3429:
3426:
3425:
3423:
3421:
3417:
3411:
3408:
3406:
3403:
3401:
3400:Gureng Gureng
3398:
3396:
3393:
3391:
3388:
3386:
3383:
3382:
3380:
3378:
3374:
3368:
3365:
3363:
3360:
3358:
3355:
3353:
3350:
3349:
3347:
3345:
3341:
3335:
3332:
3330:
3327:
3325:
3322:
3320:
3317:
3316:
3314:
3312:
3308:
3304:
3300:
3297:
3292:
3288:
3274:
3271:
3269:
3266:
3264:
3261:
3259:
3256:
3254:
3251:
3249:
3246:
3245:
3243:
3239:
3233:
3230:
3228:
3225:
3223:
3220:
3218:
3215:
3214:
3212:
3208:
3202:
3199:
3197:
3194:
3192:
3189:
3187:
3184:
3182:
3179:
3177:
3174:
3173:
3171:
3167:
3161:
3158:
3156:
3153:
3152:
3150:
3146:
3140:
3137:
3135:
3132:
3130:
3127:
3122:
3121:
3120:
3117:
3115:
3112:
3110:
3107:
3106:
3104:
3102:
3098:
3092:
3089:
3087:
3086:Gugu Yalandyi
3084:
3082:
3079:
3078:
3076:
3072:
3066:
3063:
3061:
3058:
3057:
3055:
3051:
3045:
3042:
3040:
3037:
3035:
3032:
3030:
3027:
3025:
3022:
3020:
3017:
3015:
3012:
3011:
3009:
3007:
3003:
2997:
2994:
2993:
2991:
2987:
2981:
2978:
2976:
2973:
2971:
2968:
2966:
2963:
2961:
2958:
2956:
2953:
2951:
2948:
2946:
2943:
2941:
2938:
2936:
2933:
2932:
2930:
2926:
2922:
2918:
2913:
2909:
2905:
2898:
2893:
2891:
2886:
2884:
2879:
2878:
2875:
2868:
2865:
2863:
2858:
2857:
2852:
2849:
2845:
2841:
2840:
2836:
2835:
2831:
2827:
2823:
2819:
2814:
2810:
2806:
2803:
2802:
2798:
2786:
2780:
2777:
2764:
2760:
2756:
2750:
2747:
2735:
2731:
2725:
2722:
2710:
2709:
2701:
2698:
2693:
2691:3-89586-784-5
2687:
2683:
2676:
2673:
2668:
2664:
2660:
2654:
2650:
2643:
2640:
2635:
2631:
2627:
2621:
2617:
2610:
2608:
2604:
2599:
2595:
2591:
2585:
2581:
2574:
2571:
2566:
2564:3-89586-784-5
2560:
2556:
2549:
2546:
2534:
2530:
2524:
2521:
2509:
2505:
2499:
2496:
2484:
2480:
2474:
2471:
2459:
2455:
2449:
2446:
2442:
2441:0-949757-79-9
2438:
2434:
2430:
2425:
2422:
2406:
2399:
2392:
2389:
2384:
2380:
2376:
2370:
2366:
2359:
2356:
2351:
2347:
2343:
2337:
2332:
2331:
2322:
2320:
2318:
2314:
2309:
2296:
2288:
2281:
2279:
2275:
2271:
2266:
2263:
2251:
2245:
2243:
2239:
2227:
2223:
2216:
2214:
2210:
2207:
2203:
2198:
2196:
2192:
2188:
2183:
2180:
2173:
2167:
2161:
2156:
2153:
2150:
2147:
2144:
2139:
2134:
2131:
2128:
2127:soldier birds
2123:
2118:
2115:
2111:
2106:
2103:
2101:
2096:
2091:
2088:
2085:
2081:
2078:
2076:
2071:
2066:
2065:Upper Coomera
2062:
2059:
2055:
2050:
2047:
2043:
2038:
2035:
2034:
2033:
2027:
2025:
2023:
2019:
2015:
2011:
2003:
1996:
1992:
1989:
1985:
1982:
1978:
1975:
1974:
1970:
1966:
1963:
1959:
1956:
1952:
1949:
1948:
1944:
1940:
1937:
1933:
1930:
1926:
1923:
1922:
1918:
1914:
1911:
1907:
1904:
1900:
1897:
1896:
1892:
1889:
1886:
1883:
1882:
1876:
1874:
1871:
1865:
1862:
1851:
1847:
1844:
1840:
1837:
1833:
1830:
1829:
1825:
1821:
1818:
1814:
1811:
1807:
1804:
1803:
1799:
1795:
1792:
1788:
1785:
1781:
1778:
1777:
1773:
1769:
1766:
1762:
1759:
1755:
1752:
1751:
1747:
1744:
1741:
1738:
1737:
1729:Adjective set
1728:
1726:
1719:
1717:
1709:
1706:
1705:
1701:
1698:
1697:
1693:
1690:
1689:
1685:
1682:
1681:
1677:
1674:
1673:
1664:
1662:
1656:
1650:
1647:
1645:
1643:
1641:
1639:
1638:
1635:
1632:
1630:
1628:
1626:
1624:
1623:
1620:
1617:
1615:
1613:
1611:
1609:
1608:
1605:
1602:
1600:
1598:
1596:
1594:
1593:
1590:
1587:
1585:
1583:
1581:
1579:
1578:
1575:
1572:
1570:
1568:
1566:
1564:
1563:
1560:
1557:
1555:
1553:
1551:
1549:
1548:
1545:
1542:
1540:
1538:
1536:
1534:
1533:
1530:
1527:
1525:
1523:
1521:
1519:
1518:
1514:
1511:
1509:
1505:
1503:
1501:
1499:
1498:
1494:
1491:
1489:
1488:'Repetitive'
1485:
1483:
1481:
1479:
1478:
1474:
1471:
1469:
1468:'Past tense'
1465:
1462:
1460:
1456:
1454:
1450:
1449:
1445:
1442:
1439:
1436:
1433:
1430:
1429:
1423:
1416:
1414:
1412:
1408:
1404:
1396:
1385:
1380:
1376:
1375:
1373:
1372:
1370:
1367:
1359:
1355:
1351:
1347:
1346:
1344:
1343:
1341:
1338:
1337:
1336:
1333:
1323:
1319:
1318:
1316:
1315:
1313:
1310:
1309:
1308:
1305:
1295:
1291:
1290:
1288:
1287:
1285:
1282:
1281:
1280:
1277:
1267:
1263:
1259:
1255:
1254:
1252:
1251:
1249:
1245:
1244:
1243:
1240:
1239:
1238:
1235:
1232:
1225:
1223:
1221:
1219:
1218:
1213:
1211:
1209:
1207:
1205:
1203:
1201:
1200:
1197:
1195:
1193:
1191:
1190:
1189:Past Locative
1185:
1183:
1181:
1179:
1177:
1175:
1173:
1172:
1169:
1167:
1165:
1163:
1162:
1157:
1155:
1153:
1151:
1149:
1147:
1145:
1144:
1141:
1139:
1137:
1135:
1134:
1129:
1127:
1125:
1123:
1121:
1119:
1117:
1116:
1113:
1111:
1109:
1107:
1106:
1101:
1099:
1097:
1095:
1093:
1091:
1089:
1088:
1085:
1083:
1081:
1079:
1078:
1073:
1071:
1069:
1067:
1065:
1063:
1061:
1060:
1057:
1055:
1053:
1051:
1050:
1045:
1043:
1041:
1039:
1037:
1035:
1033:
1032:
1029:
1028:
1023:
1021:
1019:
1017:
1016:
1011:
1009:
1007:
1005:
1004:
999:
997:
995:
993:
992:
989:
985:
983:
982:
977:
975:
974:
969:
967:
966:
961:
959:
958:
953:
951:
950:
945:
943:
942:
937:
935:
934:
929:
927:
926:
921:
919:
918:
913:
912:
908:
905:
902:
899:
896:
893:
890:
887:
884:
881:
880:
875:
872:
865:
863:
857:
855:
853:
845:
843:
837:
835:
832:
831:
823:
817:
813:
807:
801:
798:
797:
790:
786:
784:
782:
780:
778:
775:
774:
767:
763:
761:
759:
757:
755:
752:
751:
744:
740:
734:
730:
724:
720:
714:
710:
708:
705:
704:
697:
693:
687:
683:
677:
673:
667:
663:
661:
658:
657:
654:
651:
649:
646:
644:
641:
639:
636:
635:
632:
629:
627:
624:
622:
616:
613:
606:
604:
594:
586:
579:
578:
573:
569:
566:
565:
560:
552:
548:
545:
544:
540:
537:
535:
534:
531:
529:
521:
516:
509:
506:
504:
501:
500:
496:
493:
491:
488:
487:
483:
480:
477:
476:
471:
469:
464:
462:
461:Terry Crowley
458:
450:
448:
446:
442:
438:
434:
430:
421:
414:
409:
405:
402:
399:
395:
392:
389:
386:
383:
381:
378:
376:
373:
370:
366:
363:
362:
361:
359:
355:
352:
347:
342:
336:
331:
327:
322:
317:
312:
303:
301:
299:
295:
291:
290:such clusters
287:
282:
280:
276:
275:Teviot Ranges
272:
268:
264:
260:
256:
252:
248:
239:
234:
230:
223:
201:
198:
196:
192:
188:
184:
182:
178:
174:
170:
168:
167:
162:
158:
154:
151:
146:
141:
135:
132:
129:
126:
125:
124:
112:
109:
108:
107:
104:
103:
102:
98:
94:
88:
84:
78:
75:
72:
68:
64:
61:
57:
52:
47:
42:
39:
34:
30:
19:
4716:Anindilyakwa
4476:Pama–Nyungan
4430:Bulloo River
4409:Yandruwandha
4396:Wilson River
4275:Pama–Nyungan
4187:Yindjilandji
4131:Ngumpin–Yapa
4119:Pama–Nyungan
4060:Yindjibarndi
4025:Martuthunira
3934:Pama–Nyungan
3766:Lower Murray
3632:Pama–Nyungan
3299:Pama–Nyungan
3081:Barrow Point
2859:
2855:
2838:
2804:
2779:
2769:18 September
2767:. Retrieved
2763:the original
2759:yugambeh.com
2758:
2749:
2739:17 September
2737:. Retrieved
2733:
2724:
2715:18 September
2713:, retrieved
2708:Yugambeh App
2707:
2700:
2681:
2675:
2648:
2642:
2615:
2579:
2573:
2554:
2548:
2538:18 September
2536:. Retrieved
2532:
2523:
2513:18 September
2511:. Retrieved
2507:
2498:
2488:18 September
2486:. Retrieved
2482:
2473:
2463:18 September
2461:. Retrieved
2457:
2448:
2428:
2424:
2414:17 September
2412:. Retrieved
2405:the original
2391:
2364:
2358:
2329:
2295:cite journal
2265:
2253:. Retrieved
2229:. Retrieved
2225:
2182:
2149:Tallebudgera
2095:Mundheralgun
2031:
2007:
1877:Location set
1873:'recently'.
1866:
1857:
1723:
1715:
1660:
1508:'Causative'
1507:
1487:
1467:
1458:
1453:'Causative'
1452:
1420:
1400:
1368:
1339:
1334:
1311:
1306:
1283:
1278:
1247:
1241:
1236:
1233:
1230:
1216:
1215:
1188:
1187:
1160:
1159:
1132:
1131:
1105:Desiderative
1104:
1103:
1076:
1075:
1048:
1047:
1026:
1025:
1014:
1013:
1002:
1001:
987:
980:
979:
972:
971:
964:
963:
956:
955:
948:
947:
940:
939:
932:
931:
924:
923:
916:
915:
869:
861:
849:
841:
833:
829:
828:
610:
598:
525:
502:
489:
468:Shaun Davies
465:
454:
426:
407:
403:
397:
393:
379:
374:
364:
357:
356:
348:of the word
307:
304:Nomenclature
284:Yugambeh is
283:
279:Teviot Brook
246:
232:
228:
227:
222:Shaun Davies
164:
136:Nerang Creek
110:
106:Bandjalangic
101:Pama–Nyungan
38:
33:
4737:Kungarakany
4659:Gunwinyguan
4645:Warndarrang
4445:Barranbinja
4381:Pitta Pitta
4244:Mayi-Kutuna
4208:Kalkatungic
4093:Nyangumarta
4065:Yinhawangka
3875:Ngadjunmaya
3789:Yitha-Yitha
3719:Wemba Wemba
3704:Madhi-Madhi
3699:Ledji-Ledji
3570:Gunaikurnai
3461:Kumbainggar
3222:Mbara-Yanga
3191:Ikarranggal
3039:Wik-Ngathan
3034:Wik-Mungkan
3019:Kugu-Muminh
2848:Adobe Flash
2818:1885/145959
2443:, chapter 1
2155:Wongawallan
2138:dhaberigaba
2105:Nindooinbah
2037:Billinudgel
2028:Place names
1384:Billinudgel
1049:Benefactive
917:Typified by
267:Tweed River
263:Logan River
65:, Australia
4835:Categories
4711:Nunggubuyu
4701:Rembarrnga
4691:Kunbarlang
4635:Mangarrayi
4591:Maningrida
4400:Bundhamara
4386:Wanggamala
4370:Yarluyandi
4239:Mayi-Kulan
4216:Kalkatungu
4193:Warluwarra
4172:Warluwaric
4050:Nyiyaparli
3804:Thura-Yura
3742:Bungandidj
3714:Wathaurong
3596:Bandjalang
3517:Darkinjung
3504:Yuin–Kuric
3484:Gamilaraay
3476:Wiradhuric
3377:Waka–Kabic
3273:Umbindhamu
3139:Yir-Yoront
3123:Ogh-Undjan
3065:Morrobolam
2945:Anguthimri
2940:Andjingith
2658:3895867845
2625:3895867845
2589:3895867845
2374:3895867845
2341:0855750650
2255:30 January
2231:30 January
2174:References
2133:Tabragalba
2042:bilinahjil
1379:Bilinahjil
1374:Examples:
1345:Examples:
1322:Baraganbur
1317:Examples:
1289:Examples:
1258:Jinanggali
1253:Examples:
1027:Respective
941:Possessive
933:Diminutive
830:Obstruents
621:Peripheral
607:Consonants
595:Allophones
408:Minjungbal
394:Manaldjali
390:Ngarangwal
257:living in
200:Minjungbal
133:Ngahnduwal
130:Minyangbal
63:Queensland
49:Minjungbal
4807:Gunindiri
4769:Kayardild
4696:Ngalakgan
4681:Kunwinjku
4609:Gurr-goni
4604:Ndjébbana
4521:Ritharrŋu
4425:Baagandji
4221:Yalarnnga
4162:Warumungu
4154:Warumungu
4083:Karajarri
3997:Mantharta
3974:Yinggarda
3903:Natingero
3898:Kalaamaya
3817:Barngarla
3779:Ngayawung
3709:Wadi-Wadi
3673:Kolakngat
3644:Yotayotic
3565:Dhudhuroa
3557:Gippsland
3537:Ngunnawal
3527:Dhanggati
3494:Wiradjuri
3489:Ngiyambaa
3420:Durubalic
3395:Gabi-Gabi
3385:Barunggam
3329:Warrgamay
3311:Dyirbalic
3232:Walangama
3114:Kok Thawa
3109:Koko-Bera
3101:Southwest
3053:Lamalamic
3044:Wik-Ompom
3029:Wik-Me'nh
2989:Northeast
2970:Ndrangith
2734:App Store
2169:('water')
2110:ninduinba
2090:Mundoolun
2010:Beenleigh
1699:Arboreal
1350:Ngalingah
1266:Dubaygali
1077:Purposive
1015:Objective
973:Intensive
800:Semivowel
660:Obstruent
517:Phonology
497:Nyulegan
404:Minjanbal
398:Mununjali
387:Nganduwal
166:Glottolog
150:ISO 639-3
70:Ethnicity
4742:Wardaman
4732:Gaagudju
4671:Uwinymil
4440:Muruwari
4328:Kaytetye
4323:Arrernte
4116:Northern
4055:Panyjima
4007:Ngayarta
3954:Badimaya
3842:Ngadjuri
3832:Narungga
3689:Bunurong
3657:Yotayota
3629:Southern
3542:Tharawal
3512:Awabakal
3410:Wuliwuli
3405:Wakawaka
3367:Warrongo
3324:Nyawaygi
3263:Kok Narr
3248:Djabugay
3227:Mbabaram
3210:Southern
3134:Kuuk Yak
3074:Yalanjic
3060:Lamalama
3014:Ayabadhu
2955:Awngthim
2811:, 1998.
2667:62185149
2634:62185149
2598:62185149
2383:62185149
2122:pimpimba
2084:Pandanus
2080:Jumpinpi
2054:gungunga
2049:Canungra
1870:gunahgan
1665:Suffixes
1417:Suffixes
1217:Aversive
1161:Locative
1133:Ablative
1000:-Nahjil
957:Allative
949:Abessive
925:Feminine
866:Suffixes
653:Alveolar
638:Bilabial
528:phonemic
507:Yahgari
484:Western
481:Eastern
478:English
451:Dialects
375:Yubumbee
358:Yugambeh
346:genitive
311:yugambeh
255:Yugambeh
249:, is an
229:Yugambeh
173:twee1234
122:Dialects
111:Yugambeh
74:Yugambeh
44:Yugambeh
4794:Garrwan
4761:Tangkic
4747:Wagiman
4686:Dalabon
4614:Nakkara
4599:Burarra
4366:Ngamini
4361:Mithaka
4351:Arabana
4315:Arandic
4272:Central
4198:Yanyuwa
4184:Bularnu
4144:Ngumbin
4139:Ngarrga
4088:Mangala
4075:Marrngu
4040:Nhuwala
4020:Kurrama
4015:Jurruru
3992:Kanyara
3969:Wajarri
3959:Malgana
3931:Western
3908:Nyungar
3893:Galaagu
3885:Nyungic
3870:Mirning
3862:Mirniny
3852:Wirangu
3784:Yaralde
3774:Keramin
3667:Kulinic
3532:Ngarigo
3443:Turrbal
3438:Nunukul
3362:Kingkel
3352:Bidjara
3334:Wulguru
3319:Dyirbal
3296:Eastern
3217:Agwamin
3201:Thaypan
3196:Takalak
3181:Angkula
3176:Alungul
3169:Thaypan
3160:Kuthant
3155:Kurtjar
3024:Pakanha
2965:Mbiywom
2960:Luthigh
2350:6041138
2135:– from
2119:– from
2117:Pimpama
2107:– from
2092:– from
2067:– from
2061:Coomera
2051:– from
2039:– from
2018:Android
1707:Neuter
1702:-Nahn*
1678:Suffix
1675:Gender
1426:Orders
1369:-Nahjil
1358:Gibamah
988:'also'
970:-jahng
877:Orders
838:Grammar
754:Lateral
648:Palatal
626:Laminal
510:Jabuny
437:Coomera
335:Mibanah
330:endonym
296:of the
292:of the
281:basin.
235:, from
233:Mibanah
181:AIATSIS
4812:Waanyi
4802:Garrwa
4779:Minkin
4774:Lardil
4706:Ngandi
4666:Jawoyn
4547:Bindal
4516:Djinaŋ
4511:Djinba
4501:Dhuwal
4474:Other
4452:Yardli
4356:Diyari
4343:Karnic
4300:Wanman
4295:Ngardi
4249:Ngawun
4180:Wagaya
4045:Nyamal
4030:Ngarla
3964:Nhanda
3847:Nukunu
3827:Kuyani
3822:Kaurna
3606:Yidiny
3591:Anewan
3522:Dharug
3466:Yaygir
3433:Janday
3390:Dappil
3258:Gugadj
3148:Norman
3119:Kunjen
2996:Umpila
2980:Uradhi
2975:Ngkoth
2688:
2665:
2655:
2632:
2622:
2596:
2586:
2561:
2439:
2381:
2371:
2348:
2338:
2166:wallan
2075:wattle
2070:kumera
1943:gundeh
1850:gilyeh
1843:munyeh
1836:gunyeh
1403:aspect
1046:-gaia
914:-gali
846:Syntax
777:Rhotic
631:Apical
538:Front
522:Vowels
494:Nyahn
443:, and
441:Nerang
433:Albert
316:exonym
59:Region
4725:Other
4676:Waray
4650:Yugul
4640:Marra
4630:Alawa
4535:Other
4526:Nhaŋu
4506:Djaŋu
4496:Dhaŋu
4488:Yolŋu
4418:Other
4376:Ngura
3946:Kartu
3734:Drual
3681:Kulin
3584:Other
3547:Wormi
3428:Guwar
3344:Maric
3241:Other
2928:North
2788:(PDF)
2408:(PDF)
2401:(PDF)
2160:wonga
2143:clubs
1995:guhye
1969:guhyu
1824:gilah
1817:munah
1810:gunah
1791:mahny
1784:gahny
1710:-gay
1694:-gan
1686:-bin
1588:-yan
1457:-ndi
1407:tense
1353:'our'
1214:-nyi
1186:-Xih
1158:-Xah
1024:-gur
986:-ban
981:Query
954:-bah
946:-jam
938:-Nah
930:-bur
922:-gan
707:Nasal
643:Velar
546:High
541:Back
445:Tweed
429:Logan
351:miban
321:miban
54:Yugam
4287:Wati
4231:Mayi
3837:Nauo
3794:Yuyu
3357:Biri
2771:2017
2741:2017
2717:2017
2686:ISBN
2663:OCLC
2653:ISBN
2630:OCLC
2620:ISBN
2594:OCLC
2584:ISBN
2559:ISBN
2540:2017
2515:2017
2490:2017
2465:2017
2437:ISBN
2416:2010
2379:OCLC
2369:ISBN
2346:OCLC
2336:ISBN
2308:help
2257:2018
2233:2018
2086:root
1988:maye
1981:gaye
1962:mayu
1955:gayu
1936:munu
1929:gunu
1910:maji
1903:gaji
1798:gahm
1772:gili
1765:mali
1758:gali
1506:-ma
1486:-wa
1466:-ja
1451:-ba
1340:-Nah
1312:-bur
1284:-gan
1248:gali
1130:-Nu
1102:-gi
1074:-gu
1012:-Ni
978:-ga
962:-Xu
580:Low
567:Mid
503:Girl
341:-Nah
277:and
243:lit.
231:(or
3006:Wik
2822:doi
2813:hdl
2202:E17
2022:iOS
2014:app
2004:App
1917:guh
909:10
900:7#
601:/a/
588:aː
575:eː
562:uː
554:iː
490:She
354:).
195:ELP
187:E17
157:xjb
4837::
2757:.
2732:.
2661:.
2628:.
2606:^
2592:.
2531:.
2506:.
2481:.
2456:.
2431:,
2377:.
2344:.
2316:^
2299::
2297:}}
2293:{{
2277:^
2241:^
2224:.
2212:^
2194:^
2082:–
2020:,
1446:6
1443:5
1440:4
1437:3
1434:2
1431:1
1413:.
906:9
903:8
897:6
894:5
891:4
888:3
885:2
882:1
470::
439:,
435:,
431:,
300:.
241:,
2896:e
2889:t
2882:v
2850:)
2824::
2815::
2773:.
2743:.
2694:.
2669:.
2636:.
2600:.
2567:.
2542:.
2517:.
2492:.
2467:.
2418:.
2385:.
2352:.
2310:)
2306:(
2289:.
2259:.
2235:.
2145:'
2129:'
2063:/
1386:)
1246:-
816:j
806:w
789:ɾ
766:l
743:n
733:ɲ
723:ŋ
713:m
696:t
686:c
676:k
666:p
585:a
572:e
559:u
551:i
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