35:
432:癸巳存稿, Book 13) conjectured that originally there were not two door gods, but perhaps one, though this was evidently based on a misinterpretation of the quote from a classic work. But the question of 1 god or 2 as a moot argument for Yu, whose main thesis was that the gate gods Shenshu and Yulü originated from the concept of the "peachwood mallet/hammer" (
203:
The account is repeated with slightly differing wording elsewhere and instead of invoking the legendary
Hunagdi, it is stated that the "district office" (i.e., the Han dynasty administration) practices the use of peachwood figures and gate paintings for
196:; also 'gate of the spirits of the dead '). At the ghost gate, the two gods inspected the transit of countless dead spirits, and the evil-deeded ones they bound with reed rope and fed to tigers. This gave rise to the custom, allegedly set forth by the
92:
who punished evil spirits by binding them in reed ropes and feeding them to tigers. Their images together with reed rope seasonally adorned the doors or gates to ward off evil, and are considered the earliest examples of
34:
275:
gate deities, and in later times, different deities have superseded them as gate gods to a large measure, but regionally, Shenshu and Yulü still continue to be employed as the New Year's guardian gate gods.
200:(Huangdi), that at the change of seasons, giant peachwood dolls shall be erected, the two gate gods and the tiger be painted on doors, and a reed rope be left to hang, in order to ward against evil.
724:, and according to Minoru Matsuda who analyzed the expressions and contents in details, it considering it as to be a lost text would be difficult. 現行『山海経』には記載がなく、表現や内容を詳細に検討した松田稔氏によると、その逸文とも考えにくい".
319:
to serve as personal bodyguards to protect him from evil spirits, which later led to the popular custom of using the generals as the gate deities. However, by the 9th century, they were replaced by
2201:
230:; 'Soitary decisions' on ceremonial matters) is another source which contains a mostly identical passage, and another corroborative source of this period,
1660:
370:(≈feet) long, inscribed with the name of Yulü on the left and Shenshu on the right, garnished with pictures of deities and mythical beasts, the lion-like
2140:
2279:
1956:
984:上古之人，有神荼、郁壘者，昆弟二人，性能執鬼，居東海度朔山上，立桃樹下，簡閱百鬼。鬼無道理，妄為人禍，荼與郁壘縛以盧索，執以食虎。故今縣官斬桃為人，立之戶側；畫虎之形，著之門闌。夫桃人非荼、郁壘也，畫虎非食鬼之虎也，刻畫效象，冀以御凶。今土龍亦非致雨之龍，獨信桃人畫虎，不知土龍。九也。
670:
105:, 'gate deities' or 'door gods') venerated under such practice. Later traditions identified other gods or deified people as gate deities.
2147:
1749:
1135:
Rooted in Hope: China – Religion – Christianity Vol 2: Festschrift in Honor of Roman Malek S.V.D. on the
Occasion of His 65th Birthday
2168:
1592:
1517:
1389:
1356:
1262:
1189:
1142:
943:
750:
814:
769:
2289:
1688:
820:[Symbolic Meaning of 'Peach-and-Plum' in Chinese Culture and the Attitude as Educationalist of Kakei Atomi (1840-1926)],
2233:
2226:
2112:
1653:
2274:
2194:
848:
81:
57:
2161:
2077:
138:
114:
73:
894:《山海經》又曰：滄海之中，有度朔之山。上有大桃木，其屈蟠三千里，其枝間東北曰鬼門，萬鬼所出入也。上有二神人，一曰神荼，一曰郁壘，主閱領萬鬼。惡害之鬼，執以葦索而以食虎。於是黃帝乃作禮以時驅之，立大桃人，門戶畫神荼、郁壘與虎，懸葦索以御凶魅。
1896:
603:
1269:
But you are only a knot of peachwood from the eastern kingdoms which someone has cut and shaved in the image of man.
2299:
1744:
1708:
1646:
1504:
692:
2247:
2219:
1999:
1723:
2284:
2119:
1184:, Wendy Swartz; Robert Ford Campany; Yang Lu: Jessey Choo (gen. edd.), Columbia University Press, p. 475,
843:
248:, or to quote more literally "the night before the La rites" (La 臘; held at the end of the year; precursor of
743:
Books of Fate and
Popular Culture in Early China: The Daybook Manuscripts of the Warring States, Qin, and Han
2269:
2240:
2133:
1825:
1703:
1342:
304:
1536:
2055:
2029:
1880:
1683:
495:
1622:
2294:
2024:
1728:
1606:(Retiring Prof. Kohei Hiraki festschrift), Society of Humanities, Osaka Prefecture University: 97–117,
332:
2154:
2009:
1282:
2175:
2004:
1989:
1310:
1302:
1234:
792:
158:, "Discourses in the Balance"), although the passage is not found in surviving recensions of the
403:
The peach boards were eventually replaced by paper, and became the precursor of the modern day
300:), and portraits of Shenshu and Yulü were drawn on the boards, or their names written on them.
244:
195) also provides a similar description. These sources add that the decorations are put up on
2126:
1693:
1669:
1513:
1420:
1385:
1352:
1258:
1185:
1173:
1138:
1126:
939:
852:
746:
738:
666:
658:
583:
245:
89:
1375:
1346:
933:
1941:
1936:
1842:
1607:
1580:
1294:
784:
555:
371:
340:
293:
205:
178:
38:
1951:
1754:
1565:
1223:
463:
1540:
1283:"Insinuation, Insult, and Invective: The Threshold of Power and Protest in Modern China"
2105:
1830:
1815:
1769:
1698:
1416:
1219:
1137:, Monumenta Serica Monograph Series 68 (in German), Taylor & Francis, p. 587,
610:
571:
517:
197:
2263:
2098:
2019:
1984:
1862:
1835:
1447:
1381:
1314:
839:
249:
236:
28:
397:
2014:
1974:
1820:
1810:
1618:
421:
308:
42:
1252:
2050:
1930:
1926:
1774:
898:
770:"Death and Transformation: The Presentation of Death in East and Southeast Asia"
745:, Handbook of Oriental Studies. Section 4 China, volume 33, BRILL, p. 230,
575:
540:
491:
425:
414:
410:
382:
266:
109:
108:
The description dates to writings from the 1st and 2nd centuries AD, during the
1921:
1874:
1784:
1298:
958:
868:
854:
The
Currency of the Farther East from the Earliest Times Up to the Present Day
366:
360:
316:
143:
376:
288:, etc.) were later simplified using peachwood boards, known as peach charms (
185:
2187:
2084:
1852:
1093:
599:
320:
312:
231:
174:
1857:
1764:
554:
entry. The quote represents a fictitious dialogue between a clay figure (
405:
211:
486:). Hence the peach is identifiable with the famed "coiling peach tree" (
126:
The earliest record of
Shenshu and Yulü occurs in a passage quoted from
2091:
1911:
1759:
1306:
1238:
838:
as "coiling peach tree" (and allusion the famous theft of the peach by
796:
271:
148:
95:
1611:
1584:
483:
480:
444:
441:
400:
words were also added to it. The boards were replaced every new year.
393:
390:
2179:
2060:
1994:
1946:
1906:
1901:
1789:
1779:
567:
386:
1638:
788:
173:
stand upon a giant peach tree that "twists and coils as far as 3000
17:
1133:, in Hoster, Barbara; Kuhlmann, Dirk; Wesolowski, Zbigniew (eds.),
2034:
1916:
1885:
1847:
1794:
1718:
311:(second emperor and co-founder of dynasty) appointed his generals
33:
1224:"Shunren to monshin: Chūgoku no nenjū gyōji ni kansuru oboegaki"
1097:
693:"Yasei no ronri/chibyō no ronri: okori chiryō no ichi jufu kara"
530:"Shen Tu" "Yu Lei" are the readings of the names of gods by Ptak.
358:, according to a 13th-century description, was a thin planks 4–5
1979:
1891:
1869:
1713:
1642:
1460:, "Extensive records of the Seasons"), Book Five, article on "
857:, vol. 1, Hong Kong: Noronha & Company, p. 185
652:
650:
648:
646:
27:"Yulü" redirects here. For the 4th-century Dai prince, see
800:
Translation curtailed at "tiger", in Wade-Giles phonetics.
657:
Yang, Lihui; An, Deming; Turner, Jessica
Anderson (2005).
1593:"Arai Hakuseki Kimonsetsu ni tsuite: honkoku to chūkai"
935:
A History Of
Medicine In Chinese Culture (In 2 Volumes)
162:, and the attribution to the earlier work is disputed.
1231:
The journal of cultural sciences: Ritsumeikan bungaku
815:"Chūgoku bunka no naka ni okeru tōri to Atomi Kakei"
550:; 'Strategies of the Warring States'), quoted in the
1351:, Shirley Tan (tr.), Asiapac Books, pp. 23–24,
2211:
2069:
2043:
1967:
1803:
1737:
1676:
1167:
1165:
970:
880:
265:This legend has been commented on as the traceable
1174:"28 Festival and Ritual Calendar: Selections from
2202:Notes of the Thatched Abode of Close Observations
822:Journal of Atomi University Faculty of Literature
1088:
1086:
1084:
1082:
1056:, p. 41 (English paraphrase), p. 51 (text).
763:
761:
177:". At the tree's north-east was the ghost gate (
1337:
1335:
303:Later in the 8th century, it has been held the
1524:《续汉书·礼仪志》..清人俞正燮因为该书只提郁垒未提神茶,便认为汉代门神只有一位,这是误解。
1120:
1118:
1116:
741:, in Harper, Donald; Kalinowski, Marc (eds.),
1654:
1463:
1455:
1002:
917:
732:
730:
665:. Oxford University Press. pp. 200–203.
620:
545:
324:
257:
225:
215:
191:
153:
131:
100:
8:
1323:) is traced to a legend recorded in the Han
1257:, University of Michigan Press, p. 13,
329:), the famed ghost catcher (demon-queller).
118:dating much earlier appears to be spurious.
1214:
1212:
1131:und anderen Texten der Yuan- und Ming-zeit"
982:] (in Chinese) – via Wikisource,
892:] (in Chinese) – via Wikisource,
165:The passage records the myth that two gods
1661:
1647:
1639:
1566:"Dosakusan densetsu kō: momo no zokushin"
1287:Comparative Studies in Society and History
1176:Record of the Year and Seasons of Jing-Chu
1109:] (in Chinese) – via Wikisource
808:
806:
1486:
1490:
1469:
1403:
1369:
1367:
1254:Intrigues: Studies of the Chan-kuo Tsʻe
1203:
642:
456:
1623:"Chinese new year's customs in Taiwan"
1065:
1033:
686:
684:
682:
582:is peach wood carved into human form (
1482:
1156:
7:
1319:The posting of so-called gate-gods (
1053:
112:dynasty, and the attribution to the
2148:Strange Tales from a Chinese Studio
1281:Thornton, Patricia M. (July 2002),
396:). Spring (New Year) greetings and
269:for the cult of the posting of the
1750:Three Sovereigns and Five Emperors
1564:Akita, Shigeaki (September 1944),
1182:Early Medieval China: A Sourcebook
710:as environment), 大阪府立大学人文学会: 46–47
515:"Book of the Yellow Emperor", aka
252:). The peach figures, also called
25:
2169:What the Master Would Not Discuss
739:"5 Daybooks and the Spirit World"
1600:The Humanities Jimmongaku ronshu
1107:Comprehensive Meaning of Customs
1036:, p. 115, n28; compare with the
938:, World Scientific, p. 97,
813:Shimada, Hidemasa (March 2003),
351:boards around the 10th century.
2234:The Cowherd and the Weaver Girl
2227:Dong Yong and the Seventh Fairy
1343:Beijing Foreign Languages Press
605:Continuation of the Book of Han
2195:Records of the Grand Historian
1127:"Qianliyan und Shunfeng'er in
706:(5: Special issue, Nature and
284:The carven peachwood figures (
85:
77:
61:
1:
2280:Chinese architectural history
2162:In Search of the Supernatural
2078:Classic of Mountains and Seas
1377:Chinese Modern Folk Paintings
842:from the garden of Xiwangmu,
834:For a literal translation of
783:(2), Nanzan University: 148,
663:Handbook of Chinese Mythology
347:) began to be written on the
241:
139:Classic of Mountains and Seas
115:Classic of Mountains and Seas
1627:Journal of the China Society
720:" not given in the current
691:Hojo, Katsutaka (May 2013),
88:) are a pair of deities in
2316:
1595:新井白石『鬼門説』について : 翻刻と注解
1348:Chinese Auspicious Culture
1172:Chapman, Ian, ed. (2014),
619:, "History of Etiquettes"
590:), as this source states.
562:) and a peachwood figure (
45:depicting Shenshu and Yulü
26:
2248:Mulian Rescues His Mother
2220:Legend of the White Snake
1464:
1456:
1299:10.1017/S0010417502000270
1251:Crump, J. I. Jr. (1964),
1003:
980:Discourses in the Balance
918:
890:Discourses in the Balance
621:
587:
559:
546:
511:claims to quote from the
475:"twists and coils" (verb
344:
325:
297:
258:
226:
216:
192:
154:
132:
101:
2120:The Peach Blossom Spring
1594:
1567:
1545:
1508:
1434:
1426:
1225:
1101:
1044:text on p. 114–115, n27.
1016:Hojo, citing Cai Yong's
974:
966:
884:
876:
844:Queen Mother of the West
816:
695:野生の論理／治病の論理―〈瘧〉治療の一呪符から―
694:
494:), i.e. the tree of the
2290:Fictional demon hunters
2241:The Magic Lotus Lantern
2134:Investiture of the Gods
1125:Ptak, Roderich (2017),
849:Lockhart, J. H. Stewart
364:(≈inches) wide and 2–3
2056:Peaches of Immortality
1881:Chinese guardian lions
1804:Mythological creatures
1549:, Taigado, p. 281
1512:, 山东人民出版社, p. 3,
1506:Zhongguo gu dai wu shu
1374:Liao, Kaiming (1994),
1068:, p. 105, citing
824:(in Japanese) (36): 27
777:Asian Folklore Studies
768:Antoni, Klaus (1982),
737:Yan, Changgui (2017),
566:), used as parable by
496:peaches of immortality
417:, "spring couplets").
46:
2275:Architecture in China
2141:The Sorcerer's Revolt
1729:Chinese folk religion
1503:Hu, Xinsheng (1998),
1226:春聯と門神─中國の年中行事に關する憶え書き
262:) are wood carvings.
37:
1689:Godly world concepts
1591:Mizuno, Aki (2008),
1543:Shina kodai shinwa 0
466::Shen-t'u and Yü-lü.
2155:Journey to the West
932:Ma, Boying (2020),
82:traditional Chinese
2176:Heavenly Questions
1990:Gate of the Ghosts
1745:Gods and immortals
1709:Gods and immortals
1437:(in Chinese), 歸安陸氏
1406:, p. 35, n28.
817:中国文化の中に於ける桃李と、跡見花蹊
385:) and the ox-like
74:simplified Chinese
47:
2300:Mythological duos
2257:
2256:
2127:The Four Journeys
1670:Chinese mythology
1612:10.24729/00004460
1585:10.24729/00004460
1493:, p. 35, n28
1489:, p. 14–15;
1222:(February 1976),
1220:Nakamura, Takashi
1032:(獨斷): "海中有度朔山.."
672:978-1-57-607806-8
451:Explanatory notes
146:(d., c. 97 AD)'s
90:Chinese mythology
39:New Year pictures
16:(Redirected from
2307:
2212:Other folk tales
1942:Nine-headed Bird
1937:Peng (mythology)
1843:Four Holy Beasts
1738:Major personages
1663:
1656:
1649:
1640:
1634:
1614:
1587:
1551:
1550:
1537:Mori, Mikisaburo
1533:
1527:
1526:
1500:
1494:
1480:
1474:
1467:
1466:
1459:
1458:
1445:
1439:
1438:
1413:
1407:
1401:
1395:
1394:
1371:
1362:
1361:
1339:
1330:
1329:
1278:
1272:
1271:
1248:
1242:
1241:
1216:
1207:
1201:
1195:
1194:
1169:
1160:
1154:
1148:
1147:
1122:
1111:
1110:
1090:
1077:
1063:
1057:
1051:
1045:
1027:
1021:
1014:
1008:
1006:
1005:
993:
987:
986:
955:
949:
948:
929:
923:
921:
920:
908:
902:
896:
865:
859:
858:
832:
826:
825:
810:
801:
799:
774:
765:
756:
755:
734:
725:
718:
712:
711:
688:
677:
676:
654:
626:
624:
623:
614:
597:
591:
589:
561:
549:
548:
537:
531:
528:
522:
505:
499:
473:
467:
461:
380:
346:
328:
327:
299:
261:
260:
243:
229:
228:
219:
218:
195:
194:
189:
157:
156:
135:
134:
104:
103:
87:
79:
63:
21:
2315:
2314:
2310:
2309:
2308:
2306:
2305:
2304:
2285:Chinese culture
2260:
2259:
2258:
2253:
2207:
2065:
2039:
2005:Kunlun Mountain
1963:
1952:Nine-tailed fox
1799:
1755:Eight Immortals
1733:
1677:Overview topics
1672:
1667:
1637:
1617:
1602:(in Japanese),
1596:
1590:
1569:
1563:
1554:
1547:
1535:
1534:
1530:
1520:
1510:
1502:
1501:
1497:
1487:Nakamura (1976)
1485:, p. 293;
1481:
1477:
1446:
1442:
1436:
1428:
1415:
1414:
1410:
1402:
1398:
1392:
1380:, vol. 1,
1373:
1372:
1365:
1359:
1341:
1340:
1333:
1280:
1279:
1275:
1265:
1250:
1249:
1245:
1227:
1218:
1217:
1210:
1202:
1198:
1192:
1171:
1170:
1163:
1155:
1151:
1145:
1124:
1123:
1114:
1103:
1096:(c. 195), "8",
1092:
1091:
1080:
1064:
1060:
1052:
1048:
1028:
1024:
1015:
1011:
994:
990:
976:
968:
957:
956:
952:
946:
931:
930:
926:
909:
905:
886:
878:
867:
866:
862:
847:
833:
829:
818:
812:
811:
804:
789:10.2307/1178120
772:
767:
766:
759:
753:
736:
735:
728:
719:
715:
702:(in Japanese),
696:
690:
689:
680:
673:
656:
655:
644:
635:
630:
629:
608:
598:
594:
538:
534:
529:
525:
506:
502:
474:
470:
462:
458:
453:
424:period scholar
374:
282:
183:
124:
32:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2313:
2311:
2303:
2302:
2297:
2292:
2287:
2282:
2277:
2272:
2270:Taoist deities
2262:
2261:
2255:
2254:
2252:
2251:
2244:
2237:
2230:
2223:
2215:
2213:
2209:
2208:
2206:
2205:
2198:
2191:
2184:
2172:
2165:
2158:
2151:
2144:
2137:
2130:
2123:
2116:
2109:
2106:Shenxian Zhuan
2102:
2095:
2088:
2081:
2073:
2071:
2070:Literary works
2067:
2066:
2064:
2063:
2058:
2053:
2047:
2045:
2041:
2040:
2038:
2037:
2032:
2027:
2022:
2017:
2012:
2007:
2002:
1997:
1992:
1987:
1982:
1977:
1971:
1969:
1965:
1964:
1962:
1961:
1954:
1949:
1944:
1939:
1934:
1931:Four Evildoers
1924:
1919:
1914:
1909:
1904:
1899:
1894:
1889:
1883:
1878:
1872:
1867:
1866:
1865:
1860:
1855:
1850:
1840:
1839:
1838:
1833:
1831:Vermilion Bird
1828:
1823:
1818:
1816:Black Tortoise
1807:
1805:
1801:
1800:
1798:
1797:
1792:
1787:
1782:
1777:
1772:
1770:Yellow Emperor
1767:
1762:
1757:
1752:
1747:
1741:
1739:
1735:
1734:
1732:
1731:
1726:
1721:
1716:
1711:
1706:
1704:Shenmo fiction
1701:
1696:
1691:
1686:
1680:
1678:
1674:
1673:
1668:
1666:
1665:
1658:
1651:
1643:
1636:
1635:
1615:
1588:
1579:(3): 289–303,
1560:
1559:
1558:
1553:
1552:
1528:
1518:
1495:
1491:Shimada (2003)
1475:
1470:Shimada (2003)
1440:
1408:
1404:Shimada (2003)
1396:
1390:
1363:
1357:
1331:
1273:
1263:
1243:
1233:(367·368): 3,
1208:
1206:, p. 469.
1204:Chapman (2014)
1196:
1190:
1161:
1159:, p. 293.
1149:
1143:
1112:
1078:
1058:
1046:
1022:
1009:
988:
965:, chapter 47"
950:
944:
924:
903:
875:, chapter 65"
860:
827:
802:
757:
751:
726:
713:
678:
671:
641:
640:
639:
634:
631:
628:
627:
592:
574:from invading
572:Lord Mengchang
532:
523:
518:Huangdi Sijing
500:
468:
455:
454:
452:
449:
281:
278:
246:New Year's Eve
198:Yellow Emperor
123:
120:
41:from the late
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2312:
2301:
2298:
2296:
2293:
2291:
2288:
2286:
2283:
2281:
2278:
2276:
2273:
2271:
2268:
2267:
2265:
2250:
2249:
2245:
2243:
2242:
2238:
2236:
2235:
2231:
2229:
2228:
2224:
2222:
2221:
2217:
2216:
2214:
2210:
2204:
2203:
2199:
2197:
2196:
2192:
2190:
2189:
2185:
2183:
2181:
2177:
2173:
2171:
2170:
2166:
2164:
2163:
2159:
2157:
2156:
2152:
2150:
2149:
2145:
2143:
2142:
2138:
2136:
2135:
2131:
2129:
2128:
2124:
2122:
2121:
2117:
2115:
2114:
2110:
2108:
2107:
2103:
2101:
2100:
2099:Liexian Zhuan
2096:
2094:
2093:
2089:
2087:
2086:
2082:
2080:
2079:
2075:
2074:
2072:
2068:
2062:
2059:
2057:
2054:
2052:
2049:
2048:
2046:
2042:
2036:
2033:
2031:
2028:
2026:
2023:
2021:
2018:
2016:
2013:
2011:
2008:
2006:
2003:
2001:
2000:Jade Mountain
1998:
1996:
1993:
1991:
1988:
1986:
1985:Eight Pillars
1983:
1981:
1978:
1976:
1973:
1972:
1970:
1966:
1960:
1959:
1955:
1953:
1950:
1948:
1945:
1943:
1940:
1938:
1935:
1932:
1928:
1925:
1923:
1920:
1918:
1915:
1913:
1910:
1908:
1905:
1903:
1900:
1898:
1895:
1893:
1890:
1887:
1884:
1882:
1879:
1876:
1873:
1871:
1868:
1864:
1863:Spirit turtle
1861:
1859:
1856:
1854:
1851:
1849:
1846:
1845:
1844:
1841:
1837:
1836:Yellow Dragon
1834:
1832:
1829:
1827:
1824:
1822:
1819:
1817:
1814:
1813:
1812:
1809:
1808:
1806:
1802:
1796:
1793:
1791:
1788:
1786:
1783:
1781:
1778:
1776:
1773:
1771:
1768:
1766:
1763:
1761:
1758:
1756:
1753:
1751:
1748:
1746:
1743:
1742:
1740:
1736:
1730:
1727:
1725:
1722:
1720:
1717:
1715:
1712:
1710:
1707:
1705:
1702:
1700:
1697:
1695:
1692:
1690:
1687:
1685:
1684:Creation myth
1682:
1681:
1679:
1675:
1671:
1664:
1659:
1657:
1652:
1650:
1645:
1644:
1641:
1632:
1628:
1624:
1620:
1619:Saso, Michael
1616:
1613:
1609:
1605:
1601:
1597:
1589:
1586:
1582:
1578:
1574:
1570:
1562:
1561:
1556:
1555:
1548:
1544:
1538:
1532:
1529:
1525:
1521:
1519:9787209023252
1515:
1511:
1507:
1499:
1496:
1492:
1488:
1484:
1479:
1476:
1473:
1472:, p. 105
1471:
1453:
1452:Suishiguangji
1449:
1448:Chen Yuanjing
1444:
1441:
1433:
1432:Suishiguangji
1429:
1425:, Book Five"
1424:
1418:
1417:Chen Yuanjing
1412:
1409:
1405:
1400:
1397:
1393:
1391:9787030042101
1387:
1384:, p. 3,
1383:
1382:Science Press
1379:
1378:
1370:
1368:
1364:
1360:
1358:9789812296429
1354:
1350:
1349:
1344:
1338:
1336:
1332:
1328:
1326:
1322:
1316:
1312:
1308:
1304:
1300:
1296:
1292:
1288:
1284:
1277:
1274:
1270:
1266:
1264:9780608306742
1260:
1256:
1255:
1247:
1244:
1240:
1236:
1232:
1228:
1221:
1215:
1213:
1209:
1205:
1200:
1197:
1193:
1191:9780231531009
1187:
1183:
1179:
1177:
1168:
1166:
1162:
1158:
1153:
1150:
1146:
1144:9781351672603
1140:
1136:
1132:
1130:
1121:
1119:
1117:
1113:
1108:
1104:
1100:
1099:Fengsu tongyi
1095:
1089:
1087:
1085:
1083:
1079:
1075:
1071:
1070:Fengsu Tongyi
1067:
1066:Mizuno (2008)
1062:
1059:
1055:
1050:
1047:
1043:
1039:
1035:
1034:Mizuno (2008)
1031:
1026:
1023:
1020:(獨斷/独断 上巻 疫神)
1019:
1013:
1010:
1001:
997:
992:
989:
985:
981:
977:
973:
964:
960:
959:Wang Chong 王充
954:
951:
947:
945:9789813238008
941:
937:
936:
928:
925:
916:
912:
907:
904:
900:
895:
891:
887:
883:
874:
870:
869:Wang Chong 王充
864:
861:
856:
855:
850:
845:
841:
840:Dongfang Shuo
837:
831:
828:
823:
819:
809:
807:
803:
798:
794:
790:
786:
782:
778:
771:
764:
762:
758:
754:
752:9789004349315
748:
744:
740:
733:
731:
727:
723:
717:
714:
709:
705:
701:
700:Nihon bungaku
697:
687:
685:
683:
679:
674:
668:
664:
660:
653:
651:
649:
647:
643:
637:
636:
632:
618:
612:
607:
606:
601:
596:
593:
588:"桃の木を刻削して人の形"
585:
581:
577:
573:
569:
565:
557:
553:
552:Fengsu Tongyi
543:
542:
536:
533:
527:
524:
520:
519:
514:
510:
509:Fengsu Tongyi
504:
501:
497:
493:
489:
485:
482:
478:
472:
469:
465:
460:
457:
450:
448:
446:
443:
439:
435:
431:
427:
423:
418:
416:
412:
408:
407:
401:
399:
395:
392:
388:
384:
378:
373:
369:
368:
363:
362:
357:
352:
350:
342:
338:
334:
330:
322:
318:
314:
310:
306:
301:
295:
291:
287:
280:Later history
279:
277:
274:
273:
268:
263:
255:
251:
250:Laba Festival
247:
239:
238:
237:Fengsu Tongyi
233:
223:
213:
209:
207:
201:
199:
187:
182:
181:
176:
172:
168:
163:
161:
151:
150:
145:
141:
140:
129:
122:Early sources
121:
119:
117:
116:
111:
106:
98:
97:
91:
83:
75:
71:
67:
59:
55:
51:
44:
40:
36:
30:
19:
2295:Chinese gods
2246:
2239:
2232:
2225:
2218:
2200:
2193:
2186:
2174:
2167:
2160:
2153:
2146:
2139:
2132:
2125:
2118:
2111:
2104:
2097:
2090:
2083:
2076:
2015:Moving Sands
1957:
1877:(Fox spirit)
1821:Azure Dragon
1811:Four Symbols
1630:
1626:
1603:
1599:
1576:
1572:
1568:度朔山伝説考―桃の俗信―
1557:Bibliography
1542:
1531:
1523:
1505:
1498:
1483:Akita (1944)
1478:
1468:". Cited by
1461:
1451:
1443:
1431:
1422:
1411:
1399:
1376:
1347:
1324:
1320:
1318:
1290:
1286:
1276:
1268:
1253:
1246:
1230:
1199:
1181:
1175:
1157:Akita (1944)
1152:
1134:
1128:
1106:
1098:
1094:Ying Shao 應劭
1073:
1069:
1061:
1049:
1041:
1037:
1029:
1025:
1017:
1012:
999:
995:
991:
983:
979:
971:
962:
953:
934:
927:
914:
910:
906:
897:"郁壘" recté "
893:
889:
881:
872:
863:
853:
835:
830:
821:
780:
776:
742:
721:
716:
707:
703:
699:
662:
616:
604:
595:
579:
563:
551:
539:
535:
526:
516:
512:
508:
503:
487:
476:
471:
459:
437:
433:
430:Guisi cungao
429:
422:Qing dynasty
419:
404:
402:
398:propitiatory
365:
359:
355:
353:
348:
336:
331:
309:Tang dynasty
302:
289:
285:
283:
270:
264:
253:
235:
221:
210:
202:
179:
170:
166:
164:
159:
147:
137:
127:
125:
113:
107:
94:
69:
65:
53:
49:
48:
43:Qing dynasty
2113:Shenyi Jing
1927:Four Perils
1826:White Tiger
1775:Yan Emperor
1054:Saso (1965)
1042:Shanhaijing
609: [
570:discourage
541:Zhan Guo Ce
513:Huangdi shu
426:Yu Zhengxie
375: [
267:origin myth
184: [
128:Shanhaijing
110:Eastern Han
2264:Categories
2030:Weak River
1922:Fox spirit
1462:xietaopan
1293:(3): 601,
722:Shanhajing
633:References
617:Xu han shu
464:Wade–Giles
317:Yuchi Gong
220:d. 192)'s
206:apotropaic
160:Shanhajing
144:Wang Chong
29:Tuoba Yulü
2188:Huainanzi
2085:Shi Yi Ji
2025:Red River
1875:Huli jing
1853:Fenghuang
1694:Astrology
1573:Shinagaku
1423:xietaopan
1419:(1879) ,
1315:145256755
638:Citations
600:Sima Biao
321:Zhong Kui
313:Qin Qiong
232:Ying Shao
1858:Yinglong
1765:Shennong
1621:(1965),
1541:"桃椎"+神荼
1539:(1944),
1450:(13c.),
1427:寫桃版. 巻第五
1345:(2012),
1129:Xiaoshuo
1000:Luanlong
963:Luanlong
961:(nd) , "
871:(nd) , "
851:(1907),
659:"Shentu"
584:Japanese
406:chunlian
333:couplets
212:Cai Yong
2092:Bowuzhi
2020:Penglai
2010:Longmen
1958:more...
1912:Wuzhiqi
1888:(Bixie)
1785:Chang'e
1760:Youchao
1699:Dragons
1321:menshen
1307:3879381
1239:1178120
1076:祀典 8".
1038:Lunheng
996:Lunheng
972:Lunheng
967:亂龍篇第四十七
915:Dinggui
911:Lunheng
882:Lunheng
877:訂鬼篇第六十五
873:Dinngui
797:1178120
580:taogeng
564:taogeng
556:Chinese
438:taochui
434:taozhui
341:Chinese
307:of the
305:Taizong
294:Chinese
286:taogeng
272:Menshen
254:taogeng
167:Shenshu
149:Lunheng
96:Menshen
58:Chinese
50:Shenshu
2180:Chu Ci
2061:Xirang
1995:Fusang
1975:Buzhou
1968:Places
1947:Tianma
1907:Xiezhi
1902:Hundun
1897:Horses
1790:Hou Yi
1780:Chiyou
1724:Ghosts
1546:支那古代神話
1516:
1509:中国古代巫术
1388:
1355:
1325:Duduan
1313:
1305:
1261:
1237:
1188:
1141:
1074:Sidian
1030:Duduan
1018:Duduan
942:
846:) see
836:pantao
795:
749:
669:
578:. The
568:Su Qin
558::
488:pantao
372:suanni
343::
296::
222:Duduan
180:guimen
84::
76::
64:) and
60::
54:Shentu
2044:Items
2035:Youdu
1917:Yeren
1886:Pixiu
1848:Qilin
1795:Kuafu
1719:Pangu
1633:: 37–
1311:S2CID
1303:JSTOR
1235:JSTOR
1105:[
978:[
888:[
793:JSTOR
773:(PDF)
613:]
477:qupan
387:baize
379:]
356:taofu
349:taofu
290:taofu
208:use.
188:]
142:) in
70:Yulei
1980:Diyu
1892:Nian
1870:Bixi
1714:Tian
1514:ISBN
1457:歲時廣記
1435:歲時廣記
1386:ISBN
1353:ISBN
1259:ISBN
1186:ISBN
1139:ISBN
1102:風俗通義
940:ISBN
747:ISBN
708:fūdo
667:ISBN
507:The
420:The
354:The
337:lian
315:and
171:Yulü
169:and
66:Yulü
18:Yulü
1608:doi
1581:doi
1465:寫桃版
1295:doi
1072:, "
1004:亂龍篇
998:, "
919:訂鬼篇
913:, "
785:doi
622:礼仪志
615:or
602:'s
576:Qin
547:戰國策
447:).
436:or
367:chi
361:cun
234:'s
224:, (
133:山海經
68:or
52:or
2266::
2051:Gu
1629:,
1625:,
1604:26
1598:,
1577:13
1575:,
1571:,
1522:,
1430:,
1366:^
1334:^
1327:..
1317:,
1309:,
1301:,
1291:44
1289:,
1285:,
1267:,
1229:,
1211:^
1180:,
1164:^
1115:^
1081:^
1007:".
975:論衡
969:,
922:".
899:欝壘
885:論衡
879:,
805:^
791:,
781:41
779:,
775:,
760:^
729:^
704:62
698:,
681:^
661:.
645:^
611:ja
586::
560:土偶
492:蟠桃
490:;
479:,
440:;
415:春联
413:;
411:春聯
383:狻猊
377:zh
339:;
326:鐘馗
298:桃符
292:;
259:桃梗
242:c.
227:獨斷
217:蔡邕
193:鬼門
190:;
186:zh
175:li
155:論衡
136:;
102:門神
86:鬱壘
80:;
78:郁垒
62:神荼
2182:)
2178:(
1933:)
1929:(
1662:e
1655:t
1648:v
1631:4
1610::
1583::
1454:(
1421:"
1297::
1178:"
1040:/
901:"
787::
675:.
625:.
544:(
521:.
498:.
484:蟠
481:屈
445:椎
442:挑
428:(
409:(
394:澤
391:白
389:(
381:(
345:聯
335:(
323:(
256:(
240:(
214:(
152:(
130:(
99:(
72:(
56:(
31:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
