254:
39:
563:) in Yunnan during the Ming period. They were given artifacts of authority such as imperial certificates, seals, hats, and belts. The Ming controlled the native succession process and created detailed laws and codes to follow. In 1436 native chieftains were ordered to provide genealogical charts with names of sons and nephews. In 1441 they were ordered to provide four copies of the charts and update it every three years. In 1489 the Ming proclaimed that regency would be held by the state if the successor was younger than 15. In 1555 native chieftains were forbidden from cross-border marriages and from communication with "outer barbarians".
354:, or commander-in-chief, the highest military position in Yunnan. As a result, the Mu family became incredibly affluent and wealthy, holding sway over the economy and politics of Yunnan into the 1600s. It was not until 1610 that an inspection of the Mu estates was launched, however no further action was ever taken.
371:
The total population of Han settlers in Yunnan in the early 16th century has been estimated to be anywhere between one and three million, about a third of the province's total population. By the end of the Ming dynasty the Han had become the dominant majority in Yunnan. This combination of Han and
362:
After the conquest of Yunnan, 90,000 soldiers were stationed there. These hereditary military soldiers were encouraged to marry before relocating and were provided with civilian transportation aids by the government. Some were even discharged from the military for being bachelors. Under the
367:
guard battalion system, 30 percent of the military apparatus in Yunnan undertook drilling practice while the rest participated in agricultural production. Military households were followed by land hungry farmers, exiled officials, and profit driven merchants.
253:
1506:
Cathay and the Way
Thither: Being a Collection of Medieval Notices of China, Vol I: Preliminary Essay on the Intercourse Between China and the Western Nations Previous to the Discovery of the Cape Route
989:
207:
2327:
2287:
2322:
2282:
740:
History of civilizations of
Central Asia Volume IV The age of achievement: A.D. 750 to the end of the fifteenth century Part One The historical, social and economic setting
1925:
1652:
603:
200:
2337:
2132:
1905:
1534:
38:
193:
1784:
2347:
1937:
333:, one of the generals who participated in the conquest, was stationed in Yunnan, and his family remained in power until the end of the Ming dynasty.
808:
The
Tibetan Empire in Central Asia: A History of the Struggle for Great Power among Tibetans, Turks, Arabs, and Chinese during the Early Middle Ages
2342:
2292:
566:
The Ming also began removing native chieftainships where possible. In 1443 the Heqing tusi was removed, in 1478 Xundian, in 1481 Guangxi, in 1522
1587:
231:
2083:
1990:
1888:
981:
An
Introduction to the History of the Turkic Peoples: Ethnogenesis and State-Formation in Medieval and Early Modern Eurasia and the Middle East
618:
1978:
1826:
1242:
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1017:
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778:
728:
2332:
2028:
1883:
598:
1698:
1592:
1995:
1420:
1152:
1527:
1495:
1373:
1215:
1177:
1036:
962:
941:
854:
2163:
1627:
1718:
1678:
241:
170:
145:
2317:
2312:
2307:
2302:
1402:
1310:
999:
827:
2210:
1932:
1253:
Sui-Tang China and Its Turko-Mongol
Neighbors: Culture, Power, and Connections, 580-800 (Oxford Studies in Early Empires)
2190:
1968:
1836:
1806:
1520:
2200:
2185:
1920:
1552:
435:
2352:
2011:
1733:
1632:
933:
613:
490:
2180:
2016:
1942:
1713:
1703:
593:
2021:
1622:
608:
2243:
2122:
1708:
1395:
Sui-Tang Chang'an: A Study in the Urban
History of Late Medieval China (Michigan Monographs in Chinese Studies)
514:
2153:
2062:
1728:
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217:
80:
510:
2090:
1846:
1738:
923:
534:
526:
494:
2297:
2195:
2173:
2158:
1799:
1779:
1657:
1617:
1607:
770:
236:
502:
372:
native cultures paved the way for a province wide
Yunnanese identity where there had been none before.
350:
decided to station Mu Ying in Yunnan permanently. The Mu clan held the hereditary military position of
2226:
1794:
1693:
1572:
2076:
1915:
1858:
1811:
1769:
1743:
1647:
1597:
518:
1642:
1688:
1602:
1821:
1900:
1637:
1577:
1491:
1416:
1398:
1369:
1306:
1280:
A Dragon's Head and a
Serpent's Tail: Ming China and the First Great East Asian War, 1592-1598
1238:
1211:
1173:
1148:
1095:
1032:
1013:
995:
958:
937:
850:
823:
793:
774:
724:
903:(1938), "The True Dates of the Chinese Maritime Expeditions in the Early Fifteenth Century",
822:, Cambridge Studies in Islamic Civilization, Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press,
2069:
1878:
1841:
1831:
1816:
1789:
1774:
1612:
912:
900:
506:
407:
1479:
Between Winds and Clouds: The Making of Yunnan (Second
Century BCE to Twentieth Century CE)
1466:
Between Winds and Clouds: The Making of Yunnan (Second
Century BCE to Twentieth Century CE)
1453:
Between Winds and Clouds: The Making of Yunnan (Second Century BCE to Twentieth Century CE)
2260:
2112:
2055:
1973:
1748:
1723:
1137:
The Luchuan-Pingmian Campaigns (1436-1449) in the Light of Official Chinese Historiography
1084:
The Luchuan-Pingmian Campaigns (1436-1449) in the Light of Official Chinese Historiography
712:
How Taiwan Became Chinese: Dutch, Spanish, and Han Colonization in the Seventeenth Century
455:
388:
1368:. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Asia Center distributed by Harvard University Press.
790:
Empires of the Silk Road: A History of Central Eurasia from the Bronze Age to the Present
721:
The Gunpowder Age: China, Military Innovation, and the Rise of the West in World History
387:
Yunnan was separated into three broad administrative areas: the inner land north of the
323:
The ruling Duan family was removed from power. Duan Ming and his two sons were taken to
2236:
2231:
2107:
1339:
The Cambridge History of China Volume 5 The Sung dynasty and its Predecessors, 907-1279
1161:
952:
571:
567:
498:
467:
459:
451:
447:
347:
820:
The Empire of the Qara Khitai in Eurasian History: Between China and the Islamic World
2276:
2117:
1910:
1853:
927:
703:
419:
411:
403:
317:
150:
707:
1893:
1543:
815:
431:
313:
279:
265:
163:
25:
1205:
580:
In 1481 it became regulation for native boys to be selected for education at the
2205:
2148:
1683:
1474:
1461:
1448:
1385:
China and Maritime Europe, 1500–1800: Trade, Settlement, Diplomacy, and Missions
1010:
The Eurasian Way of War Military Practice in Seventh-Century China and Byzantium
550:
had a few commanders stationed there but was only nominally under Ming control.
478:
309:
283:
2127:
1983:
395:
line, the "barbarian" area south of the line, and the furthest south known as
2168:
1475:"Chapter 5: Sinicization and Indigenization: The Emergence of the Yunnanese"
916:
581:
443:
439:
392:
1330:
The Cambridge History of China Volume 8 The Ming Dynasty, 1368—1644, Part 2
1321:
The Cambridge History of China Volume 7 The Ming Dynasty, 1368—1644, Part I
1075:
The East Asian War, 1592-1598: International Relations, Violence and Memory
185:
1449:"Chapter 3: Military Campaigns against Yunnan: A Cross-Regional Analysis"
538:
486:
1488:
Bóyángbǎn Tōngjiàn jìshìběnmò 28 dìèrcìhuànguánshídài 柏楊版通鑑記事本末28第二次宦官時代
973:
Crucible of War: Burma and the Ming in the Tai Frontier Zone (1382-1454)
893:
Tang China And The Collapse Of The Uighur Empire: A Documentary History
471:
427:
423:
415:
376:
330:
324:
1512:
530:
463:
305:
287:
269:
1290:
The Cambridge History of China, Vol. 3, Sui and T'ang China, 589–906
1359:, Harvard University Asia Center for the Harvard-Yenching Institute
884:
Zheng He: China and the Oceans in the Early Ming Dynasty, 1405-1433
2033:
1952:
951:
Ebrey, Patricia Buckley; Walthall, Anne; Palais, James B. (2006),
522:
482:
252:
1947:
274:
1516:
1119:
Ying-yai Sheng-lan: 'The Overall Survey of the Ocean's Shores'
189:
1348:
Tang China in Multi-Polar Asia: A History of Diplomacy and War
877:, Western Imprints, The Press of the Oregon Historical Society
327:, where they were assigned honorary posts without any power.
866:
Ming China 1368-1644 A Concise History of A Resilient Empire
1305:, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 43–153,
375:
In 1413 a portion of Yunnan was separated and turned into
1235:
Bóyángbǎn Zīzhìtōngjiàn 54 huánghòu shīzōng 柏楊版資治通鑑54皇后失蹤
1197:
The Golden Peaches of Samarkand: A study of T'ang Exotics
1092:
The Asian Military Revolution: from Gunpowder to the Bomb
308:
in April 1382. Prior to the conquest, Yunnan was held by
577:
In 1395 the state began constructing schools in Yunnan.
558:
553:
In total, there were 179 military native chieftains (
545:
954:
East Asia: A Cultural, Social, and Political History
670:
668:
666:
2252:
2219:
2141:
2100:
2047:
2004:
1961:
1871:
1757:
1666:
1560:
1551:
1415:, United States of America: Scarecrow Press, Inc.,
1226:
The Cambridge History of Early Inner Asia, Volume 1
1066:
The Chinese, their history and culture, Volumes 1-2
1048:
Historical Atlas of the Medieval World, AD 600-1492
664:
662:
660:
658:
656:
654:
652:
650:
648:
646:
100:
90:
77:
65:
51:
18:
1262:Unbounded Loyalty Frontier Crossings in Liao China
257:Administrative division of Yunnan in the year 1582
1431:HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT OF THE PRE-DYNASTIC KHITAN
758:The Perilous Frontier: Nomadic Empires and China
570:, in 1585 Luoxiong, in 1607 Wuding, and in 1621
1112:, The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press
749:Encyclopedia of Mongolia and the Mongol Empire
604:Yongle Emperor's campaigns against the Mongols
2328:States and territories disestablished in 1644
2288:States and territories disestablished in 1661
2133:Imperial Tombs of the Ming and Qing Dynasties
1528:
201:
8:
1490:, Yuǎnliú chūbǎnshìyè gǔfèn yǒuxiàn gōngsī,
1237:, Yuǎnliú chūbǎnshìyè gǔfèn yǒuxiàn gōngsī,
1433:, Institute for Asian and African Studies 7
868:, Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, Inc.
2323:States and territories established in 1368
2283:States and territories established in 1382
1557:
1535:
1521:
1513:
1366:Chinese History: A New Manual, 4th edition
1128:Eurasian Crossroads: A History of Xinjiang
1110:The Grand Strategy of the Byzantine Empire
994:, Warfare and History, London: Routledge,
929:The Cambridge Illustrated History of China
208:
194:
186:
37:
15:
1462:"Chapter 4: Rule Based on Native Customs"
1210:, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press,
1303:Alien Regime and Border States, 907-1368
316:who remained loyal to the rump state of
1413:Historical Dictionary of Medieval China
1121:, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
630:
2084:Collected Statutes of the Ming Dynasty
708:"Chapter 10: The Beginning of the End"
619:Military conquests of the Ming dynasty
557:) and 255 civilian native chieftains (
1397:, U OF M CENTER FOR CHINESE STUDIES,
1297:Twitchett, Denis (1994), "The Liao",
686:
674:
117:
113:
99:
89:
76:
72:
50:
46:
7:
2338:14th-century establishments in China
637:
599:Fourth Chinese domination of Vietnam
272:, which saw the continuation of the
1269:Steinhardt, Nancy Shatzman (1997),
1166:Science & Civilisation in China
838:An Historical Atlas of Central Asia
1064:Latourette, Kenneth Scott (1964),
847:Firearms: A Global History to 1700
14:
1057:The Great Knowledge Transcendence
991:Medieval Chinese Warfare, 300-900
788:Beckwith, Christopher I. (2009),
767:The Woman Who Discovered Printing
282:, increasing centralization, and
2348:1640s disestablishments in China
1199:, University of California Press
806:Beckwith, Christopher I (1987),
168:
143:
1719:Japanese missions to Ming China
983:, OTTO HARRASSOWITZ · WIESBADEN
891:Drompp, Michael Robert (2005),
747:Atwood, Christopher P. (2004),
2343:1644 disestablishments in Asia
2293:Timelines of Chinese dynasties
1593:Campaign against the Uriankhai
1299:The Cambridge History of China
1282:, University of Oklahoma Press
1251:Skaff, Jonathan Karam (2012),
1172:, Cambridge University Press,
1094:, Cambridge University Press,
849:, Cambridge University Press,
792:, Princeton University Press,
765:Barrett, Timothy Hugh (2008),
723:, Princeton University Press,
1:
1653:Campaigns against the Mongols
1411:Xiong, Victor Cunrui (2009),
1393:Xiong, Victor Cunrui (2000),
1357:Chinese History: A New Manual
1264:, University of Hawai'i Press
1188:Eighteen Lectures on Dunhuang
278:system instituted during the
2191:Covered jar with carp design
1807:Transition from Ming to Qing
1387:, Cambridge University Press
1364:Wilkinson, Endymion (2015).
1355:Wilkinson, Endymion (2012),
1350:, University of Hawaii Press
1341:, Cambridge University Press
1332:, Cambridge University Press
1323:, Cambridge University Press
1292:, Cambridge University Press
1288:Twitchett, Denis C. (1979),
1273:, University of Hawaii Press
1228:, Cambridge University Press
1147:, Harvard University Press,
1008:Graff, David Andrew (2016),
957:, Boston: Houghton Mifflin,
875:Russia's Conquest of Siberia
810:, Princeton University Press
544:The furthest south known as
477:The barbarian area included
312:, an imperial prince of the
2333:1368 establishments in Asia
2186:Ming presentation porcelain
1785:Japanese invasions of Korea
1481:, Columbia University Press
1468:, Columbia University Press
1455:, Columbia University Press
1195:Schafer, Edward H. (1985),
1130:, Columbia University Press
1108:Luttwak, Edward N. (2009),
714:, Columbia University Press
559:
546:
399:, "containing barbarians".
304:The Ming dynasty conquered
2369:
2048:Compilations and Documents
1679:Luchuan–Pingmian campaigns
1328:Twitchett, Denis (1998b),
1278:Swope, Kenneth M. (2009),
934:Cambridge University Press
882:Dreyer, Edward L. (2007),
873:Dmytryshyn, Basil (1985),
614:Ming dynasty in Inner Asia
491:Luchuan-Pingmian Campaigns
297:
264:refers to the rule of the
43:Yunnan in the year of 1582
2181:Chinese lacquerware table
1943:Embroidered Uniform Guard
1704:Prince of Anhua rebellion
1337:Twitchett, Denis (2009),
1319:Twitchett, Denis (1998),
1255:, Oxford University Press
1029:Macau History and Society
979:Golden, Peter B. (1992),
756:Barfield, Thomas (1989),
594:Manchuria under Ming rule
227:
122:
118:
114:
110:
73:
61:
47:
36:
31:
23:
2244:Great Ming Treasure Note
2123:Ming Ancestors Mausoleum
1906:Administrative divisions
1709:Prince of Ning rebellion
1145:Imperial China: 900–1800
1135:Ming, Liew Foon (1996),
1126:Millward, James (2009),
1090:Lorge, Peter A. (2008),
1082:Liew, Foon Ming (1996),
988:Graff, David A. (2002),
971:Fernquest, John (2006),
402:The inner land included
2063:The Hundred-word Eulogy
1729:Great Rites Controversy
1583:Ming conquest of Yunnan
1438:Xue, Zongzheng (1992),
1429:Xu, Elina-Qian (2005),
1383:Wills, John E. (2011),
1346:Wang, Zhenping (2013),
1260:Standen, Naomi (2007),
1207:The ʿAbbāsid Revolution
1186:Rong, Xinjiang (2013),
924:Ebrey, Patricia Buckley
917:10.1163/156853238X00171
845:Chase, Kenneth (2003),
719:Andrade, Tonio (2016),
300:Ming conquest of Yunnan
219:Ming conquest of Yunnan
81:Ming conquest of Yunnan
2101:Palaces and Mausoleums
2091:Ming Veritable Records
1739:Luso-Chinese agreement
1204:Shaban, M. A. (1979),
1117:Mills, J.V.G. (1970),
1055:Jin, Dengjian (2016),
1046:Haywood, John (1998),
864:Dardess, John (2012),
337:Administrative history
262:Yunnan under Ming rule
258:
102:• Disestablished
19:Yunnan under Ming rule
2318:17th century in China
2313:16th century in China
2308:15th century in China
2303:14th century in China
2196:Yongning Temple Stele
1933:Imperial Commissioner
1658:Reign of Ren and Xuan
1618:Ming treasure voyages
1608:Dao Ganmeng rebellion
1224:Sinor, Denis (1990),
1073:Lewis, James (2015),
1027:Hao, Zhidong (2011),
836:Bregel, Yuri (2003),
771:Yale University Press
738:Asimov, M.S. (1998),
256:
237:Dao Ganmeng rebellion
1795:Sino-Dutch conflicts
1694:Rebellion of Cao Qin
1623:Ming–Turpan conflict
1573:Red Turban Rebellion
1504:Yule, Henry (1915),
1233:Sima, Guang (2015),
1143:Mote, F. W. (2003),
1059:, Palgrave Macmillan
1050:, Barnes & Noble
609:Ming–Tibet relations
358:Military immigration
2142:Society and Culture
2077:Yongle Encyclopedia
1916:Imperial Clan Court
1859:Kingdom of Tungning
1812:Jurchen unification
1744:Jiajing wokou raids
1633:Battle of Palembang
1598:Battle of Buir Lake
1473:Yang, Bin (2008c),
1460:Yang, Bin (2008b),
1447:Yang, Bin (2008a),
742:, UNESCO Publishing
92:• Established
1991:Military conquests
1837:Peasant rebellions
1714:Capture of Malacca
1689:Defense of Beijing
1603:Lin Kuan rebellion
1486:Yuan, Shu (2001),
1170:The Gunpowder Epic
294:Conquest of Yunnan
259:
2353:History of Yunnan
2270:
2269:
1979:Gunpowder weapons
1938:Grand coordinator
1901:Grand Secretariat
1867:
1866:
1761:(1572–1683)
1670:(1435–1572)
1638:Battle of Kherlen
1588:Ming–Mong Mao War
1578:Wu Mian rebellion
1564:(1368–1435)
1508:, Hakluyt Society
1271:Liao Architecture
1244:978-957-32-0876-1
1168:, vol. V:7:
1101:978-0-521-60954-8
1019:978-0-415-46034-7
901:Duyvendak, J.J.L.
886:, Pearson Longman
799:978-0-691-13589-2
780:978-0-300-12728-7
769:, Great Britain:
760:, Basil Blackwell
730:978-0-691-13597-7
383:Native chieftains
250:
249:
184:
183:
180:
179:
176:
175:
156:
155:
53: • Type
24:Territory of the
2360:
2070:Huang-Ming Zuxun
1842:Jiashen Incident
1832:She-An Rebellion
1817:Seven Grievances
1790:Donglin movement
1775:Bozhou rebellion
1762:
1671:
1648:Lam Sơn uprising
1628:Ming–Đại Ngu War
1613:Jingnan campaign
1565:
1558:
1537:
1530:
1523:
1514:
1509:
1500:
1482:
1469:
1456:
1443:
1434:
1425:
1407:
1388:
1379:
1360:
1351:
1342:
1333:
1324:
1315:
1293:
1283:
1274:
1265:
1256:
1247:
1229:
1220:
1200:
1191:
1182:
1157:
1139:
1131:
1122:
1113:
1104:
1086:
1078:
1069:
1060:
1051:
1041:
1022:
1004:
984:
975:
967:
946:
919:
896:
887:
878:
869:
859:
841:
832:
811:
802:
783:
761:
752:
743:
733:
715:
690:
684:
678:
672:
641:
635:
562:
549:
242:2nd Mong Mao War
232:1st Mong Mao War
222:
220:
210:
203:
196:
187:
172:
171:
160:
159:
147:
146:
140:
139:
124:
123:
54:
41:
16:
2368:
2367:
2363:
2362:
2361:
2359:
2358:
2357:
2273:
2272:
2271:
2266:
2261:History of Ming
2248:
2215:
2137:
2113:Chaotian Palace
2096:
2056:History of Yuan
2043:
2000:
1957:
1863:
1763:
1760:
1753:
1749:Single whip law
1724:Ningbo incident
1699:Miao rebellions
1672:
1669:
1662:
1566:
1563:
1547:
1541:
1503:
1498:
1485:
1472:
1459:
1446:
1437:
1428:
1423:
1410:
1405:
1392:
1382:
1376:
1363:
1354:
1345:
1336:
1327:
1318:
1313:
1296:
1287:
1277:
1268:
1259:
1250:
1245:
1232:
1223:
1218:
1203:
1194:
1185:
1180:
1162:Needham, Joseph
1160:
1155:
1142:
1134:
1125:
1116:
1107:
1102:
1089:
1081:
1072:
1063:
1054:
1045:
1039:
1026:
1020:
1007:
1002:
987:
978:
970:
965:
950:
944:
922:
899:
890:
881:
872:
863:
857:
844:
835:
830:
814:
805:
800:
787:
781:
764:
755:
751:, Facts On File
746:
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731:
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702:
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694:
693:
685:
681:
673:
644:
636:
632:
627:
590:
481:(Chiang Hung),
385:
360:
344:
339:
302:
296:
286:migration into
251:
246:
223:
218:
216:
214:
169:
144:
103:
93:
83:
52:
42:
12:
11:
5:
2366:
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2356:
2355:
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2325:
2320:
2315:
2310:
2305:
2300:
2295:
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2285:
2275:
2274:
2268:
2267:
2265:
2264:
2256:
2254:
2250:
2249:
2247:
2246:
2241:
2240:
2239:
2237:Yongle Tongbao
2234:
2232:Hongwu Tongbao
2223:
2221:
2217:
2216:
2214:
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2198:
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2178:
2177:
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2166:
2156:
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2145:
2143:
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2108:Forbidden City
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2019:
2008:
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1996:Nine Garrisons
1993:
1988:
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1971:
1965:
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1792:
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1780:Ordos campaign
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1643:Ming–Kotte War
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1525:
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1440:Turkic peoples
1435:
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1422:978-0810860537
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911:(5): 341–413,
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704:Andrade, Tonio
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640:, p. 557.
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493:, year 1444),
489:(abolished in
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57:Ming hierarchy
55:
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2202:
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2192:
2189:
2187:
2184:
2182:
2179:
2175:
2172:
2170:
2167:
2165:
2162:
2161:
2160:
2157:
2155:
2152:
2150:
2147:
2146:
2144:
2140:
2134:
2131:
2129:
2126:
2124:
2121:
2119:
2118:Ming Xiaoling
2116:
2114:
2111:
2109:
2106:
2105:
2103:
2099:
2093:
2092:
2088:
2086:
2085:
2081:
2079:
2078:
2074:
2072:
2071:
2067:
2065:
2064:
2060:
2058:
2057:
2053:
2052:
2050:
2046:
2040:
2037:
2035:
2032:
2030:
2027:
2023:
2020:
2018:
2015:
2014:
2013:
2010:
2009:
2007:
2003:
1997:
1994:
1992:
1989:
1985:
1982:
1981:
1980:
1977:
1975:
1972:
1970:
1967:
1966:
1964:
1960:
1954:
1951:
1949:
1946:
1944:
1941:
1939:
1936:
1934:
1931:
1927:
1926:Vassal prince
1924:
1923:
1922:
1919:
1917:
1914:
1912:
1911:Eastern Depot
1909:
1907:
1904:
1902:
1899:
1895:
1892:
1890:
1887:
1885:
1882:
1881:
1880:
1877:
1876:
1874:
1870:
1860:
1857:
1855:
1854:Southern Ming
1852:
1848:
1845:
1843:
1840:
1838:
1835:
1833:
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1828:
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1497:957-32-4273-7
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1049:
1044:
1040:
1038:9789888028542
1034:
1031:, HKU Press,
1030:
1025:
1021:
1015:
1012:, Routledge,
1011:
1006:
1003:
997:
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986:
982:
977:
974:
969:
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964:0-618-13384-4
960:
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949:
945:
943:0-521-66991-X
939:
935:
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931:
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856:0-521-82274-2
852:
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816:Biran, Michal
813:
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357:
355:
353:
349:
346:In 1384, the
341:
336:
334:
332:
328:
326:
321:
319:
318:Northern Yuan
315:
311:
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151:Northern Yuan
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105:
95:
85:
82:
68:
64:
60:
56:
40:
35:
30:
27:
22:
17:
2298:Ming dynasty
2259:
2253:Other topics
2164:Four Masters
2089:
2082:
2075:
2068:
2061:
2054:
2038:
1894:House of Zhu
1847:Shanhai Pass
1827:Great Plague
1770:Jianzhou war
1544:Ming dynasty
1505:
1487:
1478:
1465:
1452:
1439:
1430:
1412:
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1091:
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1047:
1028:
1009:
990:
980:
972:
953:
947:(paperback).
928:
908:
904:
892:
883:
874:
865:
846:
837:
819:
807:
789:
784:(alk. paper)
766:
757:
748:
739:
720:
711:
697:Bibliography
682:
633:
579:
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552:
543:
476:
401:
396:
386:
374:
370:
364:
361:
351:
345:
329:
322:
314:Yuan dynasty
303:
280:Yuan dynasty
273:
266:Ming dynasty
261:
260:
164:Qing dynasty
133:Succeeded by
132:
127:
26:Ming dynasty
2206:Tai history
1889:Family tree
1800:Liaoluo Bay
1734:Renyin plot
1684:Tumu Crisis
1442:, 中国社会科学出版社
1301:, Volume 6,
1077:, Routledge
1068:, Macmillan
310:Basalawarmi
128:Preceded by
2277:Categories
2174:Zhe School
2128:Ming tombs
2012:Inner Asia
1984:Shenjiying
1974:Great Wall
1872:Government
1404:0892641371
1312:0521243319
1001:0415239559
905:T'oung Pao
829:0521842263
687:Yang 2008c
675:Yang 2008b
625:References
379:province.
2169:Wu School
2154:Musicians
2017:Manchuria
2005:Frontiers
706:(2008j),
638:Mote 2003
582:Guozijian
515:Longchuan
511:Longchuan
507:Yingjiang
485:(Lanna),
440:Jianchuan
393:Yuanjiang
32:1382–1661
2220:Currency
2159:Painting
1969:Military
1962:Military
1164:(1986),
926:(1999),
818:(2005),
588:See also
568:Ningzhou
539:Menglian
432:Zhaozhou
428:Luoxiong
404:Chuxiong
352:zongbing
342:Zongbing
2227:Coinage
2201:Economy
2029:Vietnam
1921:Princes
1879:Emperor
1667:Middle
1553:History
1190:, Brill
895:, Brill
840:, Brill
572:Yunlong
535:Chashan
527:Lujiang
519:Mengmao
499:Lianghe
495:Nandian
487:Luchuan
472:Yuanmou
460:Luliang
448:Shizong
424:Lijiang
416:Xundian
389:Baoshan
377:Guizhou
331:Mu Ying
325:Nanjing
79:•
66:History
2149:Poetry
2039:Yunnan
1561:Early
1546:topics
1494:
1419:
1401:
1372:
1309:
1241:
1214:
1176:
1151:
1098:
1035:
1016:
998:
961:
940:
853:
826:
796:
777:
727:
560:tuguan
531:Gengma
470:, and
464:Zhanyi
452:Anning
436:Lu'nan
420:Wuding
412:Heqing
365:weisuo
306:Yunnan
288:Yunnan
270:Yunnan
69:
2211:Islam
2034:Wokou
2022:Tibet
1953:Fotou
1822:Sarhū
1758:Late
523:Ruili
503:Ganya
483:Babai
479:Cheli
468:Luoci
408:Yaoan
1948:Tusi
1884:List
1492:ISBN
1417:ISBN
1399:ISBN
1370:ISBN
1307:ISBN
1239:ISBN
1212:ISBN
1174:ISBN
1149:ISBN
1096:ISBN
1033:ISBN
1014:ISBN
996:ISBN
959:ISBN
938:ISBN
851:ISBN
824:ISBN
794:ISBN
775:ISBN
725:ISBN
555:tusi
547:yuyi
444:Mile
397:yuyi
275:tusi
106:1661
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284:Han
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