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in Alaska. It is possible to distinguish Yup'ik human figurines from Iñupiaq examples on the basis of facial features. Yup'ik figurines have a distinct brow line, shaped like two crescents joined at the center by the nose, whereas Iñupiaq figurines lack this brow line and have more pronounced noses
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Dolls also mediated the transition between childhood and adulthood in the Yup'ik shamanism. The centrality of play dolls in the lives of Yup'ik girls is evident from the role they assumed as the markers of seasons and life cycles. There was a strict rule against taking a doll outside during winter
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region of
Southwestern Alaska which has easily the largest collection of pre-contact Yup'ik material anywhere. The site was occupied circa 500-700 years ago, and is currently the scene of the largest archaeological excavation to have taken place in the Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta region of Alaska. The
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cultures is sporadic. As is so often the case in early museum collections, it is difficult to distinguish dolls made for play from those made for ritual. There were always five dolls making up a family: a father, a mother, a son, a daughter, and a baby. Some human figurines were used by
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and tiny eyes that look as through they had been poked in by the tip of a pencil or pen. The mouth of Yup'ik figurines mirror the crescent shape of the brows, whereas the
Inupiaq dolls have small, straight mouths. Overall, the features of the Iñupiaq examples are crudely carved.
582:. This project works in close association with the larger Nunalleq project in which the University of Aberdeen Archaeology Department has partnered with the village corporation Qanirtuuq, Inc and the Yup’ik village of Quinhagak, to carry out excavations since 2009.
519:. Anchorage: Alaska State Council on the Arts. Text by Susan W. Fair. Photos by Rob Stapleton and Chris Arend. This is an exhibit catalog of the work of 18 Iñupiaq, Yup'ik, Cup'ik and St. Lawrence Island Siberian Yupik dollmakers.
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includes several thousand figures from Alaska's prehistoric and early historic periods and is one of the largest and most representative public collections of historic and modern Alaska Native dolls in existence. All six
193:"doll parka"), intended to protect the wearer from cold weather, and are often made from traditional materials obtained through food gathering. Play dolls from the Yup'ik area were made of wood, bone, or
272:. Missionaries well understood that miniature human representations were powerful symbols, and influencing a native culture required reducing its central protectors to the realm of child’s play.
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waterlogged and frozen tundra has led to the excellent preservation of organic materials and the recovery of rarely recovered artefacts such as anthropomorphic and zoomorphic figurines.
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A relatively limited number of women in southwestern Alaska make coiled grass dolls, a spinoff of the coiled grass basketry practiced widely throughout the Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta.
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human figurines, unlike the preceding styles from the coast of
Siberia and St. Lawrence Island, are found across the North American Arctic from the Bering Strait to Greenland.
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or bone heads, ovoid-shaped eyes, and mouths, short necks, solid torsos, and arms that formed but not separated from the body. The faces of female dolls were frequently chin
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336:, and many other materials. Children played with such figurines (usually called dolls) but their other uses in both everyday and ceremonial life are less well known.
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and measured from one to twelve inches in height or more. Male and female dolls were often distinguished anatomically and can be told apart by the addition of ivory
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258:, was represented by hair and beads placed in the correct positions. Some even had bracelets and bead necklaces. The male dolls had
552:, edited by Molly C. Lee, with contributions by Angela J. Linn, Chase Hensel. Fairbanks, Alaska : University of Alaska Museum.
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Angela J. Linn and Molly C. Lee (1999) "Intimates and effigies : dolls and human figurines in Alaska Native cultures". In
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people have fashioned human figurines out of stone, bone, walrus ivory, rodent claws, trade cloth during the
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shamans hung human figurines made of driftwood in trees to foretell the location of game.
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yield figurines whose body style is similar to those of the Old Bering Sea cultures.
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Yup'ik woman and her children with their fur dolls, which they offer for sale at the
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Not just a pretty face : dolls and human figurines in Alaska native cultures
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The collection of dolls and human miniatures from Alaska Native cultures at the
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398:(the Okvik period of Old Bering Sea cultures) have been excavated on and near
466:(2002). "Inuguat, Iinrut, Uyat-llu: Yup'ik dolls, amulets and human figures".
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417:(lit. "old village") is an archaeological site of a Yup’ik winter village (or
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region by far the largest number and oldest examples of human figurines from
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Genes show mysterious Paleo-Eskimos survived 4,000 years until sudden demise
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Not Just a Pretty Face: Dolls and Human
Figurines in Alaska Native Cultures
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Animating the material: form and meaning in Yup'ik dolls and figurines
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and breaking it was thought to bring endless cold and storms.
532:. The Steven Michaan Collection of North American Tribal Arts
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Traditional Yup'ik Doll Making; Mary Black, Kongiganak
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Some non-traditional dolls seems as the influence of
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for females. The information about play dolls within
530:The Art of the Spirit World: Volume III The ARCTIC
251:. Other decorations, including hairdressings,
52:Yup'ik dolls with fur parka (left) and calico
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506:. Sheldon Jackson Museum. May 21, 2011
504:Pair of Yup’ik Dolls from Goodnews Bay
141:in Nunivak dialect) is a traditional
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610:Photos: Nunalleq archaeological site
445:Yupiit Piciryarait Cultural Center
280:Some human figurines were used by
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328:For more than a thousand years,
262:made from beads or bead pieces.
40:model) with walrus ivory dolls.
647:Alaska Native Language Archive
402:. Punuk sites from the nearby
153:form made in the southwestern
137:in Hooper Bay-Chevak dialect,
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42:Ethnological Museum of Berlin
515:Jones, Suzi (1982, editor).
468:American Indian Art Magazine
181:dialect speaking Eskimos of
169:dialect speaking Eskimos of
117:in Unaliq-Pastuliq dialect,
502:May Artifact of the Month:
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352:and Yup'ik Eskimos, the
334:North American fur trade
230:dolls are also known as
129:in Bristol Bay dialect,
625:Joel Achenbach (2014).
366:Northwest Coast Indians
320:Eskimo human figurine,
308:Eskimo human figurine,
243:Most had round wooden,
62:İstanbul Oyuncak Müzesi
348:groups in Alaska, the
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322:Honolulu Museum of Art
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161:people. Also known as
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427:Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta
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614:Alaska Dispatch News
288:, Yup'ik Eskimo and
631:The Washington Post
464:Fienup-Riordan, Ann
400:St. Lawrence Island
360:(Sugpiaq), and the
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58:İstanbul Toy Museum
633:, August 28, 2014.
616:. August 30, 2014.
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421:) near the
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232:Eskimo doll
218:Eskimo doll
175:Cup'ig doll
163:Cup'ik doll
73:Yup'ik doll
666:Categories
451:References
440:Inuit doll
362:Athabaskan
290:Athabaskan
139:cuucunguar
107:irnianguaq
423:Quinhagak
382:Tsimshian
203:tattooing
103:irniaruaq
34:qasgiruaq
649: :
434:See also
415:Nunalleq
358:Alutiiqs
256:earrings
249:tattooed
177:for the
165:for the
151:figurine
135:cugaruaq
123:sugaruaq
113:; also,
653:(1982).
425:in the
374:Tlingit
350:Iñupiaq
300:History
282:shamans
260:labrets
228:Iñupiaq
212:shamans
199:labrets
115:yunguaq
111:inuguaq
32:Wooden
419:qasgiq
354:Aleuts
226:, and
171:Chevak
159:Yup'ik
155:Alaska
145:style
143:Eskimo
127:suguaq
99:yuguaq
77:Yup'ik
66:Turkey
54:kuspuk
38:qasgiq
22:Bethel
408:Thule
378:Haida
131:cugaq
119:sugaq
92:yugat
86:yugak
80:yugaq
413:The
370:Eyak
368:(as
364:and
276:Uses
189:(as
173:and
149:and
147:doll
89:dual
157:by
97:or
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537:^
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