4570:
4937:
463:. Yaghnobi is mostly used for daily family communication, and Tajik is used by Yaghnobi-speakers for business and formal transactions. A Russian ethnographer was told by nearby Tajiks, long hostile to the Yaghnobis, who were late to adopt Islam, that the Yaghnobis used their language as a "secret" mode of communication to confuse the Tajiks. The account led to the belief by some that Yaghnobi or some derivative of it was used as a
359:
4170:
347:
33:
605:
has stopped providing funding for the printing of
Yaghnobi textbooks and the hiring of teachers of Yaghnobi, and so these efforts have largely stagnated. Additionally, Mirzozoda's method of transliteration presents a few notable drawbacks in that it does not distinguish between the short and long
4681:
See С. И. Климчицкий: Секретный язык у ягнобцев и язгулёмцев. In: Академия наук СССР – Труды Таджикистанской базы, т. IX – 1938 – История – язык – литература. Akademijaji Fanho SSSR: Asarhoji ʙazaji Toçikiston, çildi IX – Tarix – zaʙon – adaʙijot. Москва – Ленинград (: Издательство Академии наук
600:
for writing
Yaghnobi, in addition to several textbooks intended to for elementary school students. The shared orthography between Tajik and Yaghnobi transliterated according to Mirzozoda’s scheme offered the promise of improved literacy among Tajik-literate Yaghnobi youth, but since 2006 the
4851:
4840:
2898:
All voiced consonants are pronounced voiceless at the end of the word when after an unvoiced consonant comes a voiced one. Likewise, unvoiced consonants become voiced by assimilation. In voicing
593:, with the following symbols: a (á), ā (ā́), b, č, d, e (é), f, g, ɣ, h, ḥ, i (í), ī (ī́), ǰ, k, q, l, m (m̃), n (ñ), o (ó), p, r, s, š, t, u (ú), ū (ū́), ʏ (ʏ́), v, w (u̯), x, x°, y, z, ž
470:
The language is taught in elementary school within the ethnic community, and
Tajikistan has also enacted legislation to support education in minority languages, including Yaghnobi.
79:
4996:(A. L. Xromov, Jagnobskij jazyk. In. V. S. Rastorgujeva (ed.): Osnovy iranskogo jazykoznanija. Novoiranskije jazyki II. – Vostočnaja gruppa. Moskva 1987, p. 644–701.)
5074:
4879:(M. N.Bogoljubov, Jagnobskij /novosogdijskij/ jazyk. Issledovanija i materialy. Avtoreferat na soiskanije učenoj stepeni doktora filologičeskix nauk, Leningrad 1956)
618:, and it has no inherent markings for the indication of stress, as can be seen in Mirzozoda's alphabet, reproduced with its IPA correspondences in the list below.
4748:
4875:М. Н. Боголюбов, Ягнобский (новосогдийский) язык. Исследование и материалы. Автореферат на соискание ученой степени доктора филологических наук, Ленинград 1956
4991:А. Л. Хромов, Ягнобский язык, In: В. С. Расторгуева (ed.): Основы иранского языкознания. Новоиранские языки II. – Восточная группа. Москва 1987, p. 644-701.
5474:
4896:(M. N. Bogoljubov: Jagnobskij jazyk. In: V. V. Vinogradov (ed.): Jazyki narodov SSSR. Tom pervyj: Indojevropejskije jazyki. Moskva, 1966, p. 342–361)
4720:
369:
5042:
4210:
In
Falghar and in Yaghnob, it is certainly one basic language, but they speak Tajik and we speak Yaghnobi. We say 'Müštif', they say 'Muždiv'.
4183:
Fálɣar-at Yáɣnob asosī́ láfz-šint ī-x gumū́n, néki áxtit toǰīkī́-pi wó(v)ošt, mox yaɣnobī́-pi. 'Mʏ́štif' wó(v)omišt, áxtit 'Muždív' wó(v)ošt.
5067:
4952:
4607:
2008:
1984:
1670:
1533:
4891:М. Н. Боголюбов: Ягнобский язык. In. В. В. Виноградов (ed.): Языки народов СССР. Том первый: Индоевропейские языки. Москва, 1966, 342–361.
4890:
4857:
2972:
2761:
2272:
loses its labilisation). The change takes place with all verbs of
Yaghnobi origin and also with older loans from Tajik. For new loans,
6079:
2058:
2016:
1992:
1690:
1563:
2157:"news". The former svarabhakti vowels are often ultra-short or reduced in pronunciation, and they can even disappear in fast speech:
1406:, are not used in Yaghnobi. They are written as they are pronounced by the Yaghnobi speakers, not as they are written originally in
444:
in academic literature. There are some 12,500 Yaghnobi speakers, divided into several communities. The principal group lives in the
6084:
5060:
2542:
5467:
2609:
1925:
1777:
1710:
1656:
1592:
1275:
382:
4142:
came to
Yaghnobi). Only a third of the lexicon is of Eastern-Iranian origin and can be easily comparable to those known from
4139:
2948:
2661:
150:
4316:
Nasreddin answered to the first of them, he answered to the second of them, he answered to the third of them, than he said,
1934:, its pronunciation is somewhat shorter, and is realised as a half-short (or even short) vowel. Etymologically, the "short"
4864:(M. S. Andrejev, Je. M. Peščereva, Jagnobskije teksty s priloženijem jagnobsko-russkogo slovarja, Moskva – Leningrad 1957)
2956:
2575:
4973:
4193:Фалғарат Яғноб асосӣ лафзшинт ӣх гумун, неки ахтит тоҷикипӣ ԝоошт, мох яғнобипӣ. 'Мӯштиф' ԝоомишт, ахтит 'Муждив' ԝоошт.
2690:
2619:
319:
473:
There are two main dialects: a western and an eastern one. They differ primarily in phonetics. For example, historical
5350:
4763:
2980:
2940:
2751:
2734:
2671:
2251:
2191:
1895:
1730:
1700:
1604:
1543:
4846:
5460:
2771:
2710:
2641:
2629:
2423:
2413:
2267:
2243:
2183:
2000:
1680:
1621:
582:
Yaghnobi was mostly unwritten until recent times, but according to
Andreyev, some of the Yaghnobi mullahs used the
4835:
1970:. In open syllables, the change did not take place (that is similar to Tajik). The change can be seen in the verb
6094:
5910:
5747:
5522:
2837:
2700:
2432:
1839:
1831:
1799:
1762:
1750:
1720:
1631:
1553:
203:
4726:
4659:
Kazakevich, Olga; Kibrik, Aleksandr (2007). "Language
Endangerment in the CIS". In Brenzinger, Matthias (ed.).
2964:
2882:
2452:
1903:
1811:
1789:
1740:
1573:
602:
574:. In between the two main dialects is a transitional dialect that shares some features of both other dialects.
413:
392:
331:
58:
3214:
is used in
Yaghnobi and appears in phrases and constructions adopted from Tajik or with words of Tajik origin.
337:
5975:
5134:
5083:
5043:
https://web.archive.org/web/20060622003001/http://iles.umn.edu/faculty/bashiri/Tajling%20folder/yaghnob.html
4795:
Ronald
Emmerick, Iranian, in Indo-European Numerals (1992, →ISBN, edited by Jadranka Gvozdanovic), page 312.
3900:
2924:
2821:
2722:
2487:
2477:
2442:
188:
4786:
Ronald Emmerick, Iranian, in Indo-European Numerals (1992, →ISBN, edited by Jadranka Gvozdanovic), page 312
5497:
5282:
5010:
4569:
2905:
2892:
2888:
2845:
2496:
2316:
2120:
1951:
1939:
1931:
1768:
1650:
1646:
1363:
1351:
1343:
1331:
1315:
1311:
1293:
193:
75:
6056:
5395:
5345:
4510:
2913:
2866:
2858:
2796:
2743:
2377:
2367:
586:
for writing the language before 1928, mainly when they needed to hide some information from the Tajiks.
425:
5838:
1836:
is unstable, and it is not recorded in all varieties of Yaghnobi. It is often realised as , as well as
5893:
5833:
5627:
5272:
5262:
5215:
5148:
4043:
2978:
2970:
2962:
2954:
2946:
2938:
2932:
2930:
2922:
2911:
2903:
2880:
2872:
2864:
2856:
2843:
2835:
2829:
2827:
2819:
2794:
2769:
2759:
2749:
2732:
2720:
2708:
2698:
2688:
2669:
2659:
2649:
2639:
2627:
2617:
2607:
2573:
2540:
2506:
2504:
2494:
2485:
2475:
2450:
2440:
2430:
2421:
2411:
2375:
2365:
2333:
2265:
2257:
2249:
2241:
2189:
2181:
2056:
2014:
2006:
1998:
1990:
1982:
1923:
1901:
1893:
1837:
1829:
1809:
1797:
1787:
1775:
1760:
1748:
1738:
1728:
1718:
1708:
1698:
1688:
1678:
1668:
1654:
1629:
1619:
1602:
1590:
1571:
1561:
1551:
1541:
1531:
1273:
1350:
has two values: word-initially and after a vowel, it is pronounced , but after a consonant, it is .
6049:
5591:
5544:
5267:
5180:
4820:
2594:
571:
5964:
5941:
5931:
5678:
5564:
5327:
5235:
5019:
4484:
2874:
2311:
4118:
compiled by Xromov's student, Sayfiddīn Mīrzozoda, himself a Yaghnobi native speaker. Yaghnobi
5956:
5936:
5876:
5871:
5866:
5860:
5762:
5689:
5620:
5569:
5539:
5512:
5507:
5502:
5483:
5355:
5287:
5257:
5195:
4948:
4603:
2681:
2562:
2468:
2338:
198:
4161:
A Yaghnobi-Czech dictionary was published in 2010 by the Charles University Faculty of Arts.
6089:
5985:
5970:
5946:
5881:
5821:
5816:
5801:
5795:
5779:
5773:
5767:
5725:
5633:
5574:
5559:
5441:
5426:
5416:
5360:
5322:
5277:
5220:
5103:
4999:
4982:
4899:
4882:
4867:
4664:
4597:
4262:
4147:
4143:
4135:
4131:
4103:
2328:
2306:
1882:
1449:
1435:
1421:
1407:
1403:
1379:
1373:
1359:
437:
235:
5926:
5898:
5888:
5846:
5789:
5784:
5653:
5648:
5596:
5531:
5436:
5431:
5337:
5312:
5302:
5292:
5157:
4155:
4151:
4123:
2786:
2323:
2123:
can be seen also in Tajik loans where an unstressed vowel can undergo this change: W./Tr.
1136:
464:
433:
267:
180:
161:
596:
In the 1990s, Sayfiddin Mirzozoda of the Tajik Academy of Sciences introduced a modified
6045:
6003:
5990:
5705:
5694:
5643:
5586:
5580:
5554:
5549:
5307:
5225:
5200:
5190:
5129:
5097:
4965:
4929:
4914:
4501:
4127:
4119:
2398:
1874:
1783:
1431:
1399:
1355:
1335:
1262:
1231:
1227:
1219:
597:
590:
460:
417:
260:
311:
6073:
5951:
5905:
5826:
5716:
5699:
5387:
4623:
4418:
Everyone had gathered somewhere at the square, no one else had remained in the city.
4010:
to the verbal stem. Past participle (or perfect participle) is formed by addition of
3211:
2651:
2600:
2529:
2404:
2351:
2259:
1478:
Yaghnobi includes 9 monophthongs (3 short, 6 long), 8 diphthongs, and 27 consonants.
583:
449:
421:
275:
146:
84:
48:
4304:
Nasriddī́n ī́ipiš ǰawób atifár, dúipiš ǰawób atifár, tiráyipiš ǰawób atifár, aɣór:
2986:
271:
68:
5037:
4647:
5996:
4309:Насриддин ӣипиш ҷаԝоб атифар, дуипиш ҷаԝоб атифар, тирайипиш ҷаԝоб атифар, ағор:
1525:
1491:
358:
351:
Yaghnobi-speaking areas and enclaves of Yaghnobi-speakers among a Tajik majority
324:
17:
4702:М. С. Андреев, Материалы по этнографии Ягноба, Душанбе (Дониш) 1970, pp. 38–39
4169:
4110:
by Andreyev and Peščereva and then from a supplementary word list presented in
2985:
appear mostly in loanwords. Native words with those sounds are rare and mostly
346:
5671:
4668:
4562:
4018:
4003:
2359:
1978:
1977:
In Yaghnobi dialects, there can be seen a different development of historical
1613:
1496:
429:
135:
4557:
4122:
words represent the majority of the lexicon (some 60%), followed by words of
5853:
4254:
4250:
3896:
2523:
1805:
1653:
only appears in native words in the western dialects, eastern dialects have
1582:
445:
304:
288:
4691:
4102:
Knowledge of Yaghnobi lexicon comes from three main works: from a Yaghnobi-
589:
Nowadays, the language is largely transcribed by scholars using a modified
5052:
4958:(Ľ. Novák: Yaghnobi-Czech Dictionary with an Outline of Yaghnobi Grammar.
4599:
The Birth of Tajikistan: National Identity and the Origins of the Republic
295:
5806:
5297:
5170:
4525:
4496:
4028:
992:
982:
972:
966:
956:
946:
936:
926:
916:
906:
896:
886:
876:
866:
856:
846:
836:
830:
820:
810:
800:
790:
780:
770:
760:
750:
740:
730:
720:
714:
704:
698:
688:
678:
668:
658:
652:
642:
632:
626:
614:
608:
453:
400:
388:
5023:
4990:
1997:
under certain circumstances), but in the Eastern dialects it changes to
6026:
5658:
5613:
5210:
5175:
4452:"Hey people, to let you know, I bought this tubeteika for six tangas."
1190:
is uncertain, but they seem to distinguish two similar-sounding words:
396:
2850:
respectively before a front vowel or after a front vowel word-finally.
452:. Some communities live in the villages of Zumand and Kůkteppa and in
5811:
5665:
5638:
5421:
5205:
5185:
5165:
4959:
4258:
2103:(the form is same in all three dialects) has form in 3rd sg. present
366:
5452:
1280:. Later, the letters were integrated into the alphabet so the older
5411:
5317:
4350:
He took the tubeteika off his head, ran to the bazaar, and cried,
4168:
2238:
x°ar-: x°árak : x°arómišt : xórči : xórtišt/xórsišt
4946:. Praha (: Filozofická fakulta Univerzity Karlovy v Praze), 2010.
5980:
5047:
4804:
4406:
Odámt hamáš maydóni īyóka ǰām avór, áni šáhri hičúxs nàapiráxs.
1005:
5456:
5056:
4805:
Award-winning Yaghnobi-Czech dictionary captures dying language
4411:Одамт ҳамаш майдони ӣёка ҷаъм авор, ани шаҳри ҳичухс наапирахс.
2196:
in verbal stems of type -Car- if an ending containing historic
1804:
is only recognised by some authorities. It seems that it is an
1147:
never appears at the beginning of a word. Words beginning with
3344:
is also used as the polite form of the second person pronoun.
1981:: in the Western and Transitional dialects, it is rendered as
1171:, and the combinations are written in the middle of the word:
26:
4762:. Univerzita Karlova, Filozofická Fakulta: 29. Archived from
2853:
appears as an allophone between vowels or voiced consonants.
570:. There are also some differences in verbal endings and the
4173:
A group of Yaghnobi-speaking schoolchildren from Tajikistan
5008:
Benkato, Adam (2015). "Recent Work in 'Yaghnobi Studies".
399:
characters. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see
5048:
Yaghnobi blog & online Yaghnobi-Tajik-English lexicon
4725:(MA thesis). Eugene: University of Oregon. Archived from
4035:, in combination with augment in preterite it changes to
3009:
refer to the Western, Eastern and Transitional dialects.
1786:
can also appear, but its pronunciation usually merges to
4858:Ягнобские тексты с приложением ягнобско-русского словаря
4926:(S. Mirzozoda, Luɣat-i yaɣnobī – tojikī, Dušanbe 2002)
4440:"E odámt, ɣiríft, nihíš xūd man uxš tangái axirī́nim."
4384:
Go quickly to the square, gather somewhere over there!
365:
Yaghnobi is classified as Definitely Endangered by the
3999:) to the preterite, the durative preterite is formed.
1444:
and follows the Yaghnobi pronunciation or . The word
606:
forms of every vowel, it does not distinguish between
4445:"Э одамт, ғирифт, ниҳиш хӯд ман ухш тангаи ахириним."
4663:. Berlin, New York: De Gruyter Mouton. p. 238.
4299:"How much money have you bought the tubeteika for?"
2099:. The later change appears also in morphology: verb
6019:
5919:
5755:
5746:
5605:
5530:
5521:
5490:
5404:
5386:
5369:
5336:
5248:
5156:
5147:
5122:
5113:
5090:
4922:С. Мирзозода, Луғати яғнобӣ – тоҷикӣ, Душанбе 2002.
4515:
4338:Ax xūdš či sarš anós, bozórisa adáu̯, fayród akún:
330:
318:
302:
286:
281:
257:
242:
228:
177:
167:
157:
141:
131:
109:
4582:Gernot Windfuhr, 2009, "Dialectology and Topics",
4714:
4712:
4710:
4708:
4343:Ах хӯдш чи сарш анос, бозориса адаԝ, файрод акун:
1665:The monophthongs have these allophonic variants:
1241:In older texts, the alphabet did not use letters
1218:is also used as a stress marker as it is also in
1004:The Yaghnobi Alphabet was same as Tajik but with
74:for phonetic transcriptions, with an appropriate
436:. It is considered to be a direct descendant of
5038:http://www.eki.ee/books/redbook/yaghnabis.shtml
4749:"Yaghnobi: An Example of a Language in Contact"
4648:Bielmeier. R. Yaghnobi in Encyclopedia Iranica
4401:The Big Ones have something to deal with you."
4979:(A. L. Xromov, Jagnobskij jazyk, Moskva 1972)
4372:Daràu̯-daráwi maydónisa šau̯t, īyóka ǰām vʏt!
4238:Nasriddī́n ī xūd či bozór uxš tangái axirī́n.
1930:is considered as a long vowel, however before
5468:
5068:
4443:
4435:Nasreddin came upon a high place, and cried:
4426:
4423:Nasriddī́n balandī́i sári asán, fayród akún:
4409:
4392:
4375:
4358:
4341:
4324:
4307:
4290:
4273:
4241:
4191:
1915:
1909:
1868:
1458:
1452:
1439:
1415:
1367:
1303:
1297:
1287:
1281:
1209:
1203:
1197:
1191:
122:
115:
8:
4911:(S. Mirzozoda, Yaɣnobī zivok, Dušanbe 1998)
4377:Дараԝ-дараԝи майдониса шаԝт, ӣёка ҷаъм вӯйт!
4333:"If I answer to everyone, I will go crazy."
1767:was the result of compensatory lengthening (
1438:and in Tajik. In Yaghnobi, it is written as
153:, in 1990s some speakers returned to Yaghnob
4243:Насриддин ӣ хӯд чи бозор ухш тангаи ахирин.
2284:: the first verb is an old loan from Tajik
2149:
2132:
1464:
1425:
5752:
5527:
5475:
5461:
5453:
5153:
5119:
5075:
5061:
5053:
4974:А. Л. Хромов, Ягнобский язык, Москва 1972.
4624:"Atlas of the world's languages in danger"
4428:Насриддин баландии сари асан, файрод акун:
357:
345:
106:
104:East Iranian language spoken in Tajikistan
4907:С. Мирзозода, Яғнобӣ зивок, Душанбе 1998.
1292:to represent the pronunciation (and not
1238:, but it can have some other unknown use.
4220:
4176:
4048:
3908:
3846:
3351:
3222:
3019:
2300:
1816:, originating from historical stressed *
1485:
459:Most Yaghnobi speakers are bilingual in
370:Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger
4550:
4464:
2051:When the second vowel is a back vowel,
448:area. There are also resettlers in the
393:question marks, boxes, or other symbols
4524:
4495:
991:
981:
971:
965:
955:
945:
935:
925:
915:
905:
895:
885:
875:
865:
855:
845:
835:
829:
819:
809:
799:
789:
779:
769:
759:
749:
739:
729:
719:
713:
703:
697:
687:
677:
667:
657:
651:
641:
631:
625:
613:
607:
4321:"Hámaipi ǰawób tifaróm, zīq vómišt."
2303:
2063:in Western or Transitional dialects:
1647:/ai̯,ɔːi̯,ʊi̯,uːi̯,yːi̯,ɪi̯,ɔːu̯,au̯/
241:
7:
4326:"Ҳамаипӣ ҷаԝоб тифаром, зиқ вомишт."
4938:Ľ. Novák: Jaghnóbsko-český slovník
4270:Kaxík woxúrdš avī́, čáwi apursóšt:
1974:: infinitive vs. 3rd sg. present .
1886:
1828:, remains unchanged. It seems that
1661:in its place, except in loanwords.
1354:is rare in Yaghnobi and is only in
6055:Languages between parentheses are
4823:(1955). "Une lexique du yagnobi".
1962:appears in a closed syllable, and
64:for transliterated languages, and
44:of its non-English content, using
25:
4275:Кахик ԝохурдш авӣ, чаԝи апурсошт:
6029:(unknown further classification)
4944:яғнобӣ зивоки дастури феҳрастипӣ
4940:s přehledem jaghnóbské gramatiky
4568:
4021:is formed by addition of ending
3029:Stem ending is vowel other than
31:
4747:Novák, Ľubomír (January 2018).
4692:The two deportations of Yaghnob
2288:, the later a recent loan from
1645:The diphthongs in Yaghnobi are
116:
6059:of the language on their left.
4847:Peshchereva, Elena Mikhailovna
4389:Kattóti šumóxpi árkšint ast!"
4126:origin (up to 5%, mainly from
440:and has sometimes been called
80:multilingual support templates
1:
4661:Language Diversity Endangered
4537:Linguistic abbreviation: YAGH
4497:[jaʁnɔːˈbiːzɪ̆ˈvoːkʰ]
4394:Каттоти шумохпӣ аркшинт аст."
4134:words (about 2%; through the
4836:Andreev, Mikhail Stepanovich
4596:Paul Bergne (15 June 2007).
4526:[zɐˈbɔːnɪjɐʁnɔːˈbiː]
4114:by Xromov. The last work is
3844:Personal endings – present:
1954:) if the historical cluster
1362:loans, the only example for
481:in the western dialects and
123:
4860:. Москва – Ленинград: 1957.
4722:Aspects of Yaghnobi Grammar
4602:. I.B.Tauris. pp. 6–.
4516:
4282:Everyone he met asked him:
4217:An anecdote about Nasreddin
2902:, the voiced opposition is
1774:In recent loans from Tajik
6111:
5379:Russian-Tajik mixed speech
4444:
4427:
4410:
4393:
4376:
4359:
4342:
4325:
4308:
4291:
4274:
4242:
4192:
4088:ast, -x, xast, ásti, xásti
3878:-tišt (W, Tr.), -sišt (E)
3340:The second person plural,
2228:), 2nd pl. present W./Tr.
1916:
1910:
1869:
1459:
1440:
1368:
1304:
1298:
1288:
1282:
1210:
1204:
1198:
1192:
527:. The early Sogdian group
6080:Eastern Iranian languages
6036:
4669:10.1515/9783110197129.233
4505:
4116:Yaghnobi-Tajik Dictionary
2785:
2742:
2730:
2718:
2667:
2593:
2522:
2397:
2358:
2337:
2332:
2327:
2322:
2315:
2310:
2305:
2150:
2133:
1946:(there is an alternation
1878:
1824:, changed in Yaghnobi to
1769:/dʒɑːm<dʒaʕm<dʒamʕ/
1627:
1588:
1507:
1495:
1490:
1488:
1465:
1453:
1426:
1416:
379:
356:
344:
114:
4287:"Xūd čof pūl axirī́nī?"
4106:dictionary presented in
3803:tᵘfór / tⁱfór nī́ma bīst
3798:tᵘfór / tafór nī́ma bīst
3026:Stem ending is consonant
2278:gudár(ak) : gudórči
1230:loanwords to indicate a
414:Eastern Iranian language
149:, in 1970s relocated to
6085:Languages of Tajikistan
5135:Southern Uzbek language
5130:Northern Uzbek language
5084:Languages of Tajikistan
5011:Iran & the Caucasus
4719:Bird, Brian A. (2007).
3886:-tišt (W), -či (E, Tr.)
3071:Pl. Direct (Nominative)
3043:Sg. Direct (Nominative)
1398:, which can be used in
504:corresponds to Eastern
4292:"Худ чоф пул ахиринӣ?"
4174:
2286:guzaštan < guδaštan
1463:). Compare with Tajik
1334:after a vowel like in
381:This article contains
5396:Russian Sign Language
5346:East Slavic languages
4682:СССР), 1940. 104–117.
4584:The Iranian Languages
4172:
3983:By adding the ending
2871:both have allophones
551:'three' from Sogdian
516:'grass' from Sogdian
6050:historical languages
5351:French Sign Language
5273:Central Asian Arabic
5216:Sanglechi-Ishkashimi
5149:Indigenous languages
4942:. Яғнобӣ-чехӣ луғат
4080:ot (W, Tr.), os (E)
4031:is formed by prefix
4025:to the verbal stem.
4006:is formed by adding
2282:pár(ak) : párči
2276:remains unchanged.:
2216:but 3rd sg. present
1226:can also be used in
78:. Knowledge (XXG)'s
42:specify the language
40:This article should
4140:international words
3991:after a vowel; but
3895:Personal endings –
3229:Nominative Singular
3128:(E) : obl.sg.
2834:are palatalised to
2055:usually changes to
1434:and pronounced in
1249:. Instead of Tajik
568:⟨δry⟩
525:⟨wyš⟩
498:⟨myθ⟩
493:'day' from Sogdian
276:Perso-Arabic script
4628:unesdoc.unesco.org
4175:
3785:tᵘfór / tⁱfór bīst
3780:tᵘfór / tafór bīst
3212:izofa construction
2212:, 1st sg. present
2140:"partner", W./Tr.
2119:. The alternation
1942:comes from older *
1820:, but historical *
535:) is reflected as
173:12,000 (2004)
6067:
6066:
6015:
6014:
5742:
5741:
5484:Iranian languages
5450:
5449:
5405:Foreign languages
5356:Iranian languages
5249:Regional/Minority
5244:
5243:
5143:
5142:
5091:Official language
4953:978-80-7308-337-3
4825:Journal Asiatique
4609:978-1-84511-283-7
4566:(23rd ed., 2020)
4514:
4471:Also rendered as
4456:
4455:
4214:
4213:
4095:
4094:
3981:
3980:
3893:
3892:
3837:
3836:
3767:tⁱráy bī́st-u das
3571:das tᵘfór / tⁱfór
3566:das tᵘfór / tafór
3338:
3337:
3238:Nominative Plural
3235:Enclitic Singular
3098:
3097:
2816:
2815:
2684:
2603:
2565:
2532:
2471:
2407:
2354:
2347:
2224:comes from older
1979:svarabhakti vowel
1643:
1642:
1448:is borrowed from
1342:after a vowel is
1286:was changed into
1236:⟨ů⟩
1133:
1132:
456:or its vicinity.
407:
406:
389:rendering support
385:phonetic symbols.
102:
101:
82:may also be used.
16:(Redirected from
6102:
6095:Sogdian language
5911:Zoroastrian Dari
5753:
5528:
5477:
5470:
5463:
5454:
5417:Mandarin Chinese
5361:Turkic languages
5154:
5120:
5077:
5070:
5063:
5054:
5027:
4855:
4844:
4832:
4807:
4802:
4796:
4793:
4787:
4784:
4778:
4777:
4775:
4774:
4768:
4753:
4744:
4738:
4737:
4735:
4734:
4716:
4703:
4700:
4694:
4689:
4683:
4679:
4673:
4672:
4656:
4650:
4645:
4639:
4638:
4636:
4635:
4620:
4614:
4613:
4593:
4587:
4580:
4574:
4573:
4572:
4555:
4538:
4535:
4529:
4528:
4523:
4519:
4509:
4507:
4499:
4494:
4487:: Яғнобӣ зивок,
4469:
4447:
4446:
4430:
4429:
4413:
4412:
4396:
4395:
4379:
4378:
4362:
4361:
4345:
4344:
4328:
4327:
4311:
4310:
4294:
4293:
4277:
4276:
4245:
4244:
4221:
4195:
4194:
4177:
4136:Russian language
4112:Yaghnobi Grammar
4049:
3909:
3847:
3763:tⁱráy nī́ma bīst
3758:saráy nī́ma bīst
3360:Western Yaghnobi
3357:Eastern Yaghnobi
3352:
3244:Enclitic Plural
3232:Oblique Singular
3223:
3196: : obl.sg.
3179: : obl.sg.
3162: : obl.sg.
3145: : obl.sg.
3066:-ay (W), -e (E)
3020:
2984:
2976:
2968:
2960:
2952:
2944:
2936:
2928:
2917:
2909:
2894:
2890:
2886:
2878:
2870:
2862:
2849:
2841:
2833:
2825:
2800:
2775:
2765:
2755:
2738:
2726:
2714:
2704:
2694:
2680:
2675:
2665:
2655:
2645:
2633:
2623:
2613:
2599:
2579:
2561:
2546:
2528:
2510:
2500:
2491:
2481:
2467:
2456:
2446:
2436:
2427:
2417:
2403:
2381:
2371:
2350:
2345:
2301:
2271:
2263:
2255:
2247:
2195:
2187:
2153:
2152:
2136:
2135:
2122:
2062:
2020:
2012:
2004:
1996:
1988:
1953:
1941:
1933:
1929:
1919:
1918:
1913:
1912:
1907:
1899:
1892:Before a nasal,
1888:
1880:
1872:
1871:
1843:
1835:
1815:
1803:
1793:
1781:
1770:
1766:
1754:
1744:
1734:
1724:
1714:
1704:
1694:
1684:
1674:
1660:
1652:
1648:
1635:
1625:
1608:
1596:
1577:
1567:
1557:
1547:
1537:
1520:
1515:
1510:
1505:
1486:
1468:
1467:
1462:
1461:
1456:
1455:
1443:
1442:
1429:
1428:
1419:
1418:
1371:
1370:
1365:
1353:
1345:
1333:
1317:
1313:
1307:
1306:
1301:
1300:
1295:
1291:
1290:
1285:
1284:
1279:
1237:
1213:
1212:
1207:
1206:
1201:
1200:
1195:
1194:
1011:
1010:
995:
985:
975:
969:
959:
949:
939:
929:
919:
909:
899:
889:
879:
869:
859:
849:
839:
833:
823:
813:
803:
793:
783:
773:
763:
753:
743:
733:
723:
717:
707:
701:
691:
681:
671:
661:
655:
645:
635:
629:
617:
611:
603:Tajik government
569:
539:in the east but
526:
499:
485:in the eastern:
373:
361:
349:
340:
314:
298:
291:
263:
251:Western Yaghnobi
248:Eastern Yaghnobi
183:
145:originally from
127:
126:
119:
118:
107:
97:
94:
88:
73:
67:
63:
57:
53:
47:
35:
34:
27:
21:
18:Yagnobi language
6110:
6109:
6105:
6104:
6103:
6101:
6100:
6099:
6070:
6069:
6068:
6063:
6062:
6032:
6011:
5915:
5738:
5601:
5517:
5486:
5481:
5451:
5446:
5400:
5382:
5365:
5332:
5250:
5240:
5139:
5115:
5109:
5086:
5081:
5034:
5007:
4849:
4838:
4819:
4816:
4814:Further reading
4811:
4810:
4803:
4799:
4794:
4790:
4785:
4781:
4772:
4770:
4766:
4751:
4746:
4745:
4741:
4732:
4730:
4718:
4717:
4706:
4701:
4697:
4690:
4686:
4680:
4676:
4658:
4657:
4653:
4646:
4642:
4633:
4631:
4622:
4621:
4617:
4610:
4595:
4594:
4590:
4581:
4577:
4567:
4556:
4552:
4547:
4542:
4541:
4536:
4532:
4521:
4517:Zaboni yaghnobī
4492:
4470:
4466:
4461:
4219:
4167:
4152:Pamir languages
4100:
3842:
3731:pinǰóʰ, panǰóʰ
3629:habdáʰ, havdáʰ
3350:
3221:
3035:Stem ending is
3015:
2996:
2921:The consonants
2318:
2299:
2095:> W./Tr./E.
2050:
2045:> W./Tr./E.
1844:. By summary: *
1518:
1513:
1508:
1503:
1484:
1476:
1417:самолет/самолёт
1302:was changed to
1235:
1159:are written as
1002:
1000:Cyrillic script
580:
567:
524:
497:
477:corresponds to
434:Yaghnobi people
387:Without proper
375:
374:
364:
352:
336:
310:
294:
287:
274:
270:
268:Cyrillic script
264:
259:
238:
231:
224:
184:
181:Language family
179:
170:
169:Native speakers
162:Yaghnobi people
121:
120:
105:
98:
92:
89:
83:
71:
65:
61:
59:transliteration
55:
51:
45:
36:
32:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
6108:
6106:
6098:
6097:
6092:
6087:
6082:
6072:
6071:
6065:
6064:
6061:
6060:
6053:
6038:
6037:
6034:
6033:
6031:
6030:
6023:
6021:
6017:
6016:
6013:
6012:
6010:
6009:
6008:
6007:
6004:Middle Persian
6000:
5993:
5988:
5983:
5978:
5968:
5961:
5960:
5959:
5949:
5944:
5939:
5934:
5929:
5923:
5921:
5917:
5916:
5914:
5913:
5908:
5903:
5902:
5901:
5891:
5886:
5885:
5884:
5879:
5874:
5864:
5857:
5850:
5843:
5842:
5841:
5831:
5830:
5829:
5824:
5819:
5814:
5809:
5799:
5792:
5787:
5782:
5777:
5770:
5765:
5759:
5757:
5750:
5744:
5743:
5740:
5739:
5737:
5736:
5735:
5734:
5722:
5721:
5720:
5713:
5712:
5711:
5710:
5709:
5702:
5697:
5675:
5668:
5663:
5662:
5661:
5656:
5651:
5646:
5636:
5631:
5624:
5617:
5609:
5607:
5603:
5602:
5600:
5599:
5594:
5589:
5584:
5577:
5572:
5567:
5562:
5557:
5552:
5547:
5542:
5536:
5534:
5525:
5519:
5518:
5516:
5515:
5510:
5508:Middle Iranian
5505:
5500:
5494:
5492:
5488:
5487:
5482:
5480:
5479:
5472:
5465:
5457:
5448:
5447:
5445:
5444:
5439:
5434:
5429:
5424:
5419:
5414:
5408:
5406:
5402:
5401:
5399:
5398:
5392:
5390:
5384:
5383:
5381:
5380:
5377:
5373:
5371:
5367:
5366:
5364:
5363:
5358:
5353:
5348:
5342:
5340:
5334:
5333:
5331:
5330:
5325:
5320:
5315:
5310:
5305:
5300:
5295:
5290:
5285:
5280:
5275:
5270:
5265:
5260:
5254:
5252:
5246:
5245:
5242:
5241:
5239:
5238:
5233:
5228:
5223:
5218:
5213:
5208:
5203:
5198:
5193:
5188:
5183:
5178:
5173:
5168:
5162:
5160:
5151:
5145:
5144:
5141:
5140:
5138:
5137:
5132:
5126:
5124:
5117:
5111:
5110:
5108:
5107:
5101:
5094:
5092:
5088:
5087:
5082:
5080:
5079:
5072:
5065:
5057:
5051:
5050:
5045:
5040:
5033:
5032:External links
5030:
5029:
5028:
4994:
4993:
4977:
4976:
4956:
4955:
4924:
4923:
4909:
4908:
4894:
4893:
4877:
4876:
4862:
4861:
4833:
4821:Вenveniste, Е.
4815:
4812:
4809:
4808:
4797:
4788:
4779:
4739:
4704:
4695:
4684:
4674:
4651:
4640:
4615:
4608:
4588:
4575:
4549:
4548:
4546:
4543:
4540:
4539:
4530:
4489:Yaɣnobī́ zivók
4463:
4462:
4460:
4457:
4454:
4453:
4450:
4448:
4441:
4437:
4436:
4433:
4431:
4424:
4420:
4419:
4416:
4414:
4407:
4403:
4402:
4399:
4397:
4390:
4386:
4385:
4382:
4380:
4373:
4369:
4368:
4367:"Hey, people!
4365:
4363:
4356:
4352:
4351:
4348:
4346:
4339:
4335:
4334:
4331:
4329:
4322:
4318:
4317:
4314:
4312:
4305:
4301:
4300:
4297:
4295:
4288:
4284:
4283:
4280:
4278:
4271:
4267:
4266:
4248:
4246:
4239:
4235:
4234:
4231:
4228:
4225:
4218:
4215:
4212:
4211:
4208:
4204:
4203:
4201:
4197:
4196:
4189:
4185:
4184:
4181:
4166:
4163:
4108:Yaghnobi Texts
4099:
4096:
4093:
4092:
4089:
4086:
4082:
4081:
4078:
4075:
4071:
4070:
4067:
4064:
4060:
4059:
4056:
4053:
3979:
3978:
3972:
3966:
3962:
3961:
3956:-ti (W, Tr.),
3951:
3945:
3941:
3940:
3930:
3924:
3920:
3919:
3916:
3913:
3891:
3890:
3887:
3884:
3880:
3879:
3876:
3873:
3869:
3868:
3865:
3862:
3858:
3857:
3854:
3851:
3841:
3838:
3835:
3834:
3831:
3829:
3827:
3823:
3822:
3819:
3816:
3813:
3809:
3808:
3805:
3800:
3795:
3791:
3790:
3787:
3782:
3777:
3773:
3772:
3769:
3760:
3755:
3751:
3750:
3747:
3742:
3737:
3733:
3732:
3729:
3724:
3719:
3715:
3714:
3711:
3706:
3701:
3697:
3696:
3693:
3688:
3683:
3679:
3678:
3675:
3673:
3671:
3667:
3666:
3663:
3658:
3653:
3649:
3648:
3645:
3640:
3635:
3631:
3630:
3627:
3622:
3617:
3613:
3612:
3609:
3604:
3599:
3595:
3594:
3591:
3586:
3581:
3577:
3576:
3573:
3568:
3563:
3559:
3558:
3555:
3550:
3545:
3541:
3540:
3537:
3532:
3527:
3523:
3522:
3519:
3514:
3509:
3505:
3504:
3501:
3498:
3495:
3491:
3490:
3487:
3484:
3481:
3477:
3476:
3473:
3470:
3467:
3463:
3462:
3459:
3456:
3453:
3449:
3448:
3445:
3442:
3439:
3435:
3434:
3431:
3428:
3425:
3421:
3420:
3417:
3414:
3411:
3407:
3406:
3403:
3400:
3397:
3393:
3392:
3389:
3386:
3383:
3379:
3378:
3375:
3372:
3369:
3365:
3364:
3361:
3358:
3355:
3349:
3346:
3336:
3335:
3332:
3326:
3320:
3317:
3302:
3296:
3292:
3291:
3288:
3285:
3282:
3279:
3276:
3273:
3269:
3268:
3265:
3262:
3259:
3256:
3253:
3250:
3246:
3245:
3242:
3241:Oblique Plural
3239:
3236:
3233:
3230:
3227:
3220:
3217:
3216:
3215:
3208:
3191:
3174:
3157:
3140:
3119:
3096:
3095:
3092:
3089:
3086:
3082:
3081:
3078:
3075:
3072:
3068:
3067:
3064:
3061:
3058:
3054:
3053:
3050:
3047:
3044:
3040:
3039:
3033:
3027:
3024:
3017:Case endings:
3014:
3011:
2995:
2992:
2991:
2990:
2919:
2896:
2895:, respectively
2854:
2851:
2814:
2813:
2811:
2809:
2807:
2805:
2803:
2801:
2791:
2789:
2783:
2782:
2780:
2778:
2776:
2766:
2756:
2746:
2740:
2739:
2729:
2727:
2717:
2715:
2705:
2695:
2685:
2677:
2676:
2666:
2656:
2646:
2636:
2634:
2624:
2614:
2604:
2597:
2591:
2590:
2588:
2586:
2584:
2582:
2580:
2570:
2568:
2566:
2558:
2557:
2555:
2553:
2551:
2549:
2547:
2537:
2535:
2533:
2526:
2520:
2519:
2517:
2515:
2513:
2511:
2501:
2492:
2482:
2472:
2464:
2463:
2461:
2459:
2457:
2447:
2437:
2428:
2418:
2408:
2401:
2395:
2394:
2392:
2390:
2388:
2386:
2384:
2382:
2372:
2362:
2356:
2355:
2348:
2342:
2341:
2336:
2331:
2326:
2321:
2314:
2309:
2304:
2298:
2295:
2294:
2293:
2178:
1975:
1921:
1914:"Tajikistan",
1900:can change to
1890:
1849:(under stress)
1795:
1772:
1758:
1757:
1756:
1746:
1736:
1726:
1716:
1706:
1696:
1686:
1676:
1641:
1640:
1638:
1636:
1626:
1616:
1610:
1609:
1599:
1597:
1587:
1585:
1579:
1578:
1568:
1558:
1548:
1538:
1528:
1522:
1521:
1516:
1511:
1506:
1500:
1499:
1494:
1489:
1483:
1480:
1475:
1472:
1471:
1470:
1377:
1309:
1239:
1180:
1131:
1130:
1127:
1124:
1121:
1118:
1115:
1111:
1110:
1107:
1104:
1101:
1098:
1095:
1091:
1090:
1087:
1084:
1081:
1078:
1075:
1071:
1070:
1067:
1064:
1061:
1058:
1055:
1051:
1050:
1047:
1044:
1041:
1038:
1035:
1031:
1030:
1027:
1024:
1021:
1018:
1015:
1001:
998:
598:Tajik alphabet
591:Latin alphabet
579:
576:
450:Yaghnob Valley
416:spoken in the
405:
404:
391:, you may see
377:
376:
363:
362:
354:
353:
350:
342:
341:
334:
328:
327:
322:
316:
315:
308:
300:
299:
292:
284:
283:
282:Language codes
279:
278:
265:
261:Writing system
258:
255:
254:
253:
252:
249:
244:
240:
239:
234:
232:
229:
226:
225:
223:
222:
221:
220:
219:
218:
217:
216:
215:
214:
187:
185:
178:
175:
174:
171:
168:
165:
164:
159:
155:
154:
147:Yaghnob Valley
143:
139:
138:
133:
132:Native to
129:
128:
124:Yaghnobī zivok
112:
111:
103:
100:
99:
39:
37:
30:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6107:
6096:
6093:
6091:
6088:
6086:
6083:
6081:
6078:
6077:
6075:
6058:
6054:
6051:
6047:
6043:
6040:
6039:
6035:
6028:
6025:
6024:
6022:
6018:
6006:
6005:
6001:
5999:
5998:
5994:
5992:
5989:
5987:
5984:
5982:
5979:
5977:
5976:Caucasian Tat
5974:
5973:
5972:
5969:
5967:
5966:
5962:
5958:
5955:
5954:
5953:
5950:
5948:
5945:
5943:
5940:
5938:
5935:
5933:
5930:
5928:
5925:
5924:
5922:
5918:
5912:
5909:
5907:
5904:
5900:
5897:
5896:
5895:
5892:
5890:
5887:
5883:
5880:
5878:
5875:
5873:
5870:
5869:
5868:
5865:
5863:
5862:
5858:
5856:
5855:
5851:
5849:
5848:
5844:
5840:
5837:
5836:
5835:
5832:
5828:
5825:
5823:
5820:
5818:
5815:
5813:
5810:
5808:
5805:
5804:
5803:
5800:
5798:
5797:
5793:
5791:
5788:
5786:
5783:
5781:
5778:
5776:
5775:
5771:
5769:
5766:
5764:
5761:
5760:
5758:
5754:
5751:
5749:
5745:
5733:
5730:
5729:
5728:
5727:
5723:
5719:
5718:
5714:
5708:
5707:
5703:
5701:
5698:
5696:
5693:
5692:
5691:
5688:
5687:
5686:
5683:
5682:
5681:
5680:
5676:
5674:
5673:
5669:
5667:
5664:
5660:
5657:
5655:
5652:
5650:
5647:
5645:
5642:
5641:
5640:
5637:
5635:
5632:
5630:
5629:
5625:
5623:
5622:
5618:
5616:
5615:
5611:
5610:
5608:
5604:
5598:
5595:
5593:
5590:
5588:
5585:
5583:
5582:
5578:
5576:
5573:
5571:
5568:
5566:
5563:
5561:
5558:
5556:
5553:
5551:
5548:
5546:
5543:
5541:
5538:
5537:
5535:
5533:
5529:
5526:
5524:
5520:
5514:
5511:
5509:
5506:
5504:
5501:
5499:
5498:Proto-Iranian
5496:
5495:
5493:
5489:
5485:
5478:
5473:
5471:
5466:
5464:
5459:
5458:
5455:
5443:
5440:
5438:
5435:
5433:
5430:
5428:
5425:
5423:
5420:
5418:
5415:
5413:
5410:
5409:
5407:
5403:
5397:
5394:
5393:
5391:
5389:
5385:
5378:
5376:Iranian style
5375:
5374:
5372:
5368:
5362:
5359:
5357:
5354:
5352:
5349:
5347:
5344:
5343:
5341:
5339:
5335:
5329:
5326:
5324:
5321:
5319:
5316:
5314:
5311:
5309:
5306:
5304:
5301:
5299:
5296:
5294:
5291:
5289:
5286:
5284:
5283:Crimean Tatar
5281:
5279:
5276:
5274:
5271:
5269:
5266:
5264:
5261:
5259:
5256:
5255:
5253:
5247:
5237:
5234:
5232:
5229:
5227:
5224:
5222:
5219:
5217:
5214:
5212:
5209:
5207:
5204:
5202:
5199:
5197:
5194:
5192:
5189:
5187:
5184:
5182:
5179:
5177:
5174:
5172:
5169:
5167:
5164:
5163:
5161:
5159:
5155:
5152:
5150:
5146:
5136:
5133:
5131:
5128:
5127:
5125:
5121:
5118:
5112:
5106:(interethnic)
5105:
5102:
5099:
5096:
5095:
5093:
5089:
5085:
5078:
5073:
5071:
5066:
5064:
5059:
5058:
5055:
5049:
5046:
5044:
5041:
5039:
5036:
5035:
5031:
5025:
5021:
5018:(3): 283–94.
5017:
5013:
5012:
5006:
5005:
5004:
5003:
5001:
4992:
4989:
4988:
4987:
4986:
4984:
4975:
4972:
4971:
4970:
4969:
4967:
4961:
4954:
4950:
4947:
4945:
4941:
4936:
4935:
4934:
4933:
4931:
4921:
4920:
4919:
4918:
4916:
4906:
4905:
4904:
4903:
4901:
4892:
4889:
4888:
4887:
4886:
4884:
4874:
4873:
4872:
4871:
4869:
4859:
4853:
4848:
4842:
4837:
4834:
4830:
4827:(in French).
4826:
4822:
4818:
4817:
4813:
4806:
4801:
4798:
4792:
4789:
4783:
4780:
4769:on 2023-12-29
4765:
4761:
4757:
4750:
4743:
4740:
4729:on 2022-09-22
4728:
4724:
4723:
4715:
4713:
4711:
4709:
4705:
4699:
4696:
4693:
4688:
4685:
4678:
4675:
4670:
4666:
4662:
4655:
4652:
4649:
4644:
4641:
4629:
4625:
4619:
4616:
4611:
4605:
4601:
4600:
4592:
4589:
4585:
4579:
4576:
4571:
4565:
4564:
4559:
4554:
4551:
4544:
4534:
4531:
4527:
4518:
4512:
4506:Забони яғнобӣ
4503:
4498:
4490:
4486:
4482:
4478:
4474:
4468:
4465:
4458:
4451:
4449:
4442:
4439:
4438:
4434:
4432:
4425:
4422:
4421:
4417:
4415:
4408:
4405:
4404:
4400:
4398:
4391:
4388:
4387:
4383:
4381:
4374:
4371:
4370:
4366:
4364:
4357:
4354:
4353:
4349:
4347:
4340:
4337:
4336:
4332:
4330:
4323:
4320:
4319:
4315:
4313:
4306:
4303:
4302:
4298:
4296:
4289:
4286:
4285:
4281:
4279:
4272:
4269:
4268:
4264:
4260:
4256:
4252:
4249:
4247:
4240:
4237:
4236:
4232:
4229:
4226:
4223:
4222:
4216:
4209:
4206:
4205:
4202:
4199:
4198:
4190:
4187:
4186:
4182:
4179:
4178:
4171:
4164:
4162:
4159:
4157:
4153:
4149:
4145:
4141:
4137:
4133:
4129:
4125:
4121:
4117:
4113:
4109:
4105:
4097:
4090:
4087:
4084:
4083:
4079:
4076:
4073:
4072:
4068:
4065:
4062:
4061:
4057:
4054:
4051:
4050:
4047:
4045:
4040:
4038:
4034:
4030:
4026:
4024:
4020:
4015:
4014:to the stem.
4013:
4009:
4005:
4000:
3998:
3994:
3990:
3986:
3976:
3973:
3970:
3967:
3964:
3963:
3959:
3955:
3952:
3949:
3946:
3943:
3942:
3939:-īm (E, Tr.)
3938:
3934:
3931:
3928:
3925:
3922:
3921:
3917:
3914:
3911:
3910:
3907:
3905:
3902:
3898:
3888:
3885:
3882:
3881:
3877:
3874:
3871:
3870:
3866:
3863:
3860:
3859:
3855:
3852:
3849:
3848:
3845:
3839:
3832:
3830:
3828:
3825:
3824:
3820:
3817:
3814:
3811:
3810:
3806:
3804:
3801:
3799:
3796:
3793:
3792:
3788:
3786:
3783:
3781:
3778:
3775:
3774:
3770:
3768:
3764:
3761:
3759:
3756:
3753:
3752:
3748:
3746:
3743:
3741:
3738:
3735:
3734:
3730:
3728:
3727:dʏ nī́ma bīst
3725:
3723:
3722:dū nī́ma bīst
3720:
3717:
3716:
3712:
3710:
3707:
3705:
3702:
3699:
3698:
3694:
3692:
3689:
3687:
3684:
3681:
3680:
3676:
3674:
3672:
3669:
3668:
3664:
3662:
3659:
3657:
3654:
3651:
3650:
3646:
3644:
3641:
3639:
3636:
3633:
3632:
3628:
3626:
3623:
3621:
3620:das avd / aft
3618:
3615:
3614:
3610:
3608:
3605:
3603:
3600:
3597:
3596:
3592:
3590:
3587:
3585:
3582:
3579:
3578:
3574:
3572:
3569:
3567:
3564:
3561:
3560:
3556:
3554:
3551:
3549:
3546:
3543:
3542:
3538:
3536:
3533:
3531:
3528:
3525:
3524:
3520:
3518:
3515:
3513:
3510:
3507:
3506:
3502:
3499:
3496:
3493:
3492:
3488:
3485:
3482:
3479:
3478:
3474:
3471:
3468:
3465:
3464:
3460:
3457:
3454:
3451:
3450:
3446:
3443:
3440:
3437:
3436:
3432:
3429:
3426:
3423:
3422:
3418:
3415:
3412:
3409:
3408:
3404:
3401:
3398:
3395:
3394:
3390:
3387:
3384:
3381:
3380:
3377:yak, yag, ya
3376:
3373:
3370:
3367:
3366:
3362:
3359:
3356:
3354:
3353:
3347:
3345:
3343:
3333:
3331:
3327:
3325:
3321:
3318:
3315:
3311:
3307:
3303:
3301:
3297:
3294:
3293:
3289:
3286:
3283:
3280:
3277:
3274:
3271:
3270:
3266:
3263:
3260:
3257:
3254:
3251:
3248:
3247:
3243:
3240:
3237:
3234:
3231:
3228:
3225:
3224:
3218:
3213:
3209:
3207:
3203:
3199:
3195:
3192:
3190:
3186:
3182:
3178:
3175:
3173:
3169:
3165:
3161:
3158:
3156:
3152:
3148:
3144:
3141:
3139:
3135:
3131:
3127:
3123:
3120:
3118:
3114:
3110:
3106:
3103:
3102:
3101:
3093:
3090:
3087:
3084:
3083:
3079:
3076:
3073:
3070:
3069:
3065:
3062:
3059:
3056:
3055:
3051:
3048:
3045:
3042:
3041:
3038:
3034:
3032:
3028:
3025:
3022:
3021:
3018:
3012:
3010:
3008:
3004:
3000:
2993:
2988:
2982:
2974:
2966:
2958:
2950:
2942:
2934:
2926:
2920:
2915:
2907:
2901:
2897:
2884:
2876:
2868:
2860:
2855:
2852:
2847:
2839:
2831:
2823:
2818:
2817:
2812:
2810:
2808:
2806:
2804:
2802:
2798:
2792:
2790:
2788:
2784:
2781:
2779:
2777:
2773:
2767:
2763:
2757:
2753:
2747:
2745:
2741:
2736:
2728:
2724:
2716:
2712:
2706:
2702:
2696:
2692:
2686:
2683:
2679:
2678:
2673:
2663:
2657:
2653:
2647:
2643:
2637:
2635:
2631:
2625:
2621:
2615:
2611:
2605:
2602:
2598:
2596:
2592:
2589:
2587:
2585:
2583:
2581:
2577:
2571:
2569:
2567:
2564:
2560:
2559:
2556:
2554:
2552:
2550:
2548:
2544:
2538:
2536:
2534:
2531:
2527:
2525:
2521:
2518:
2516:
2514:
2512:
2508:
2502:
2498:
2493:
2489:
2483:
2479:
2473:
2470:
2466:
2465:
2462:
2460:
2458:
2454:
2448:
2444:
2438:
2434:
2429:
2425:
2419:
2415:
2409:
2406:
2402:
2400:
2396:
2393:
2391:
2389:
2387:
2385:
2383:
2379:
2373:
2369:
2363:
2361:
2357:
2353:
2349:
2344:
2343:
2340:
2335:
2330:
2325:
2320:
2313:
2308:
2302:
2296:
2291:
2287:
2283:
2279:
2275:
2269:
2261:
2253:
2245:
2239:
2235:
2231:
2227:
2223:
2219:
2215:
2211:
2208:, infinitive
2207:
2203:
2199:
2193:
2185:
2179:
2176:
2172:
2168:
2164:
2160:
2156:
2147:
2143:
2139:
2130:
2126:
2118:
2114:
2110:
2106:
2102:
2098:
2094:
2090:
2086:
2082:
2078:
2074:
2070:
2066:
2060:
2054:
2048:
2044:
2040:
2036:
2032:
2028:
2024:
2018:
2010:
2002:
1994:
1986:
1980:
1976:
1973:
1969:
1965:
1961:
1957:
1949:
1945:
1937:
1927:
1922:
1905:
1897:
1891:
1884:
1876:
1866:
1862:
1858:
1854:
1850:
1847:
1841:
1833:
1827:
1823:
1819:
1813:
1807:
1801:
1796:
1791:
1785:
1779:
1773:
1764:
1759:
1752:
1747:
1742:
1737:
1732:
1727:
1722:
1717:
1712:
1707:
1702:
1697:
1692:
1687:
1682:
1677:
1672:
1667:
1666:
1664:
1663:
1662:
1658:
1639:
1637:
1633:
1623:
1617:
1615:
1612:
1611:
1606:
1600:
1598:
1594:
1586:
1584:
1581:
1580:
1575:
1569:
1565:
1559:
1555:
1549:
1545:
1539:
1535:
1529:
1527:
1524:
1523:
1517:
1512:
1502:
1501:
1498:
1493:
1487:
1481:
1479:
1473:
1451:
1447:
1437:
1433:
1423:
1413:
1409:
1405:
1401:
1397:
1393:
1389:
1385:
1381:
1378:
1375:
1361:
1357:
1349:
1341:
1337:
1329:
1325:
1321:
1310:
1277:
1271:
1267:
1264:
1261:covered both
1260:
1256:
1252:
1248:
1244:
1240:
1233:
1229:
1225:
1221:
1217:
1189:
1185:
1181:
1178:
1174:
1170:
1166:
1162:
1158:
1154:
1150:
1146:
1142:
1141:
1140:
1138:
1128:
1125:
1122:
1119:
1116:
1113:
1112:
1108:
1105:
1102:
1099:
1096:
1093:
1092:
1088:
1085:
1082:
1079:
1076:
1073:
1072:
1068:
1065:
1062:
1059:
1056:
1053:
1052:
1048:
1045:
1042:
1039:
1036:
1033:
1032:
1028:
1025:
1022:
1019:
1016:
1013:
1012:
1009:
1007:
999:
997:
994:
989:
984:
979:
974:
973:[juː]
968:
963:
958:
953:
948:
947:[d͡ʒ]
943:
938:
937:[t͡ʃ]
933:
928:
923:
918:
913:
908:
903:
898:
893:
888:
883:
878:
873:
868:
863:
858:
853:
848:
843:
838:
832:
827:
822:
817:
812:
807:
802:
797:
792:
787:
782:
777:
772:
767:
762:
757:
752:
747:
742:
737:
732:
727:
722:
721:[joː]
716:
711:
706:
700:
695:
690:
685:
680:
675:
670:
665:
660:
654:
649:
644:
639:
634:
628:
623:
619:
616:
610:
604:
599:
594:
592:
587:
585:
584:Arabic script
577:
575:
573:
566:
562:
558:
554:
550:
546:
543:in the west:
542:
538:
534:
530:
523:
519:
515:
511:
507:
503:
496:
492:
488:
484:
480:
476:
471:
468:
466:
462:
457:
455:
451:
447:
443:
439:
435:
431:
427:
423:
422:Yaghnob River
419:
415:
411:
402:
398:
394:
390:
386:
384:
378:
371:
368:
360:
355:
348:
343:
339:
335:
333:
329:
326:
323:
321:
317:
313:
309:
307:
306:
301:
297:
293:
290:
285:
280:
277:
273:
269:
266:
262:
256:
250:
247:
246:
245:
237:
233:
227:
213:
210:
209:
207:
206:
205:
202:
201:
200:
197:
196:
195:
192:
191:
190:
189:Indo-European
186:
182:
176:
172:
166:
163:
160:
156:
152:
148:
144:
140:
137:
134:
130:
125:
113:
108:
96:
86:
81:
77:
70:
60:
50:
43:
38:
29:
28:
19:
6041:
6002:
5995:
5963:
5859:
5852:
5845:
5794:
5772:
5731:
5724:
5715:
5704:
5684:
5677:
5670:
5626:
5619:
5612:
5579:
5370:Mixed-speech
5230:
5015:
5009:
4997:
4995:
4980:
4978:
4963:
4957:
4943:
4939:
4927:
4925:
4912:
4910:
4897:
4895:
4880:
4878:
4865:
4863:
4831:(2): 139–62.
4828:
4824:
4800:
4791:
4782:
4771:. Retrieved
4764:the original
4759:
4755:
4742:
4731:. Retrieved
4727:the original
4721:
4698:
4687:
4677:
4660:
4654:
4643:
4632:. Retrieved
4630:. p. 40
4627:
4618:
4598:
4591:
4583:
4578:
4561:
4553:
4533:
4488:
4480:
4476:
4472:
4467:
4233:Translation
4207:Translation
4165:Sample texts
4160:
4138:, also many
4130:) and a few
4115:
4111:
4107:
4101:
4041:
4036:
4032:
4027:
4022:
4016:
4011:
4007:
4002:The present
4001:
3996:
3992:
3988:
3984:
3982:
3974:
3968:
3957:
3953:
3947:
3936:
3932:
3926:
3903:
3894:
3843:
3802:
3797:
3784:
3779:
3766:
3762:
3757:
3744:
3739:
3726:
3721:
3708:
3703:
3691:bī́st-at das
3690:
3686:bī́st-at das
3685:
3660:
3655:
3642:
3637:
3624:
3619:
3606:
3601:
3588:
3583:
3570:
3565:
3552:
3547:
3534:
3529:
3516:
3511:
3416:tᵘfór, tⁱfór
3413:tᵘfór, tafór
3341:
3339:
3329:
3323:
3313:
3309:
3305:
3299:
3205:
3201:
3197:
3193:
3188:
3184:
3180:
3176:
3171:
3167:
3163:
3159:
3154:
3150:
3146:
3142:
3138:máynti/ménti
3137:
3133:
3129:
3125:
3121:
3116:
3112:
3108:
3104:
3099:
3036:
3030:
3016:
3006:
3002:
2998:
2997:
2987:onomatopoeic
2899:
2289:
2285:
2281:
2277:
2273:
2237:
2233:
2229:
2225:
2221:
2217:
2213:
2209:
2205:
2201:
2197:
2174:
2170:
2166:
2162:
2159:xišáp /xišáp
2158:
2154:
2145:
2141:
2137:
2128:
2124:
2116:
2112:
2108:
2104:
2100:
2096:
2092:
2088:
2084:
2080:
2076:
2075:> W./Tr.
2072:
2068:
2064:
2052:
2046:
2042:
2038:
2034:
2030:
2029:> W./Tr.
2026:
2022:
1971:
1967:
1963:
1959:
1955:
1947:
1943:
1935:
1864:
1860:
1856:
1852:
1848:
1845:
1825:
1821:
1817:
1644:
1477:
1457:in the form
1445:
1411:
1395:
1391:
1387:
1383:
1347:
1339:
1327:
1326:. Yaghnobi
1323:
1319:
1318:are written
1269:
1265:
1258:
1254:
1250:
1246:
1242:
1223:
1215:
1187:
1183:
1176:
1172:
1168:
1164:
1160:
1156:
1152:
1148:
1144:
1134:
1003:
987:
983:[ja]
977:
967:[ju]
961:
951:
941:
931:
921:
911:
901:
897:[uː]
891:
881:
871:
861:
851:
841:
837:[oː]
825:
815:
805:
795:
785:
775:
771:[i̯]
765:
761:[iː]
755:
745:
735:
725:
715:[jo]
709:
705:[eː]
693:
683:
673:
663:
647:
637:
633:[aː]
621:
620:
595:
588:
581:
564:
560:
556:
552:
548:
544:
540:
536:
532:
528:
521:
517:
513:
509:
505:
501:
494:
490:
486:
482:
478:
474:
472:
469:
458:
441:
418:upper valley
409:
408:
380:
332:Linguasphere
303:
272:Latin script
211:
194:Indo-Iranian
117:Яғнобӣ зивок
90:
76:ISO 639 code
72:}}
66:{{
62:}}
56:{{
52:}}
46:{{
41:
5997:Old Persian
5834:Mazanderani
5628:Khwarezmian
5513:New Iranian
5503:Old Iranian
5263:Azerbaijani
5114:Significant
4850: [
4839: [
4586:, Routledge
3363:Tajik loan
3085:Pl. Oblique
3057:Sg. Oblique
2744:Approximant
2248:changes to
2188:changes to
2148:< Tajik
2131:< Tajik
1966:changes to
1402:loans from
1253:, Yaghnobi
1143:The letter
993:[ʕ]
957:[ʃ]
927:[ħ]
917:[x]
907:[f]
887:[u]
877:[t]
867:[s]
857:[r]
847:[p]
831:[o]
821:[n]
811:[m]
801:[l]
791:[q]
781:[k]
751:[i]
741:[z]
731:[ʒ]
699:[e]
689:[d]
679:[ʁ]
669:[g]
659:[β]
653:[v]
643:[b]
627:[a]
615:[β]
609:[v]
465:secret code
442:Neo-Sogdian
395:instead of
6074:Categories
5672:Sarghulami
5592:Yazghulami
5545:Ishkashimi
5268:Belarusian
5181:Ishkashimi
4773:2023-12-29
4756:Chatreššar
4733:2023-12-29
4634:2023-03-02
4563:Ethnologue
4545:References
4522:pronounced
4493:pronounced
4355:"E odámt!
4019:infinitive
4004:participle
3745:tⁱráy bīst
3740:saráy bīst
3210:Also, the
3204:, obl.pl.
3189:zindagī́ti
3187:, obl.pl.
3170:, obl.pl.
3153:, obl.pl.
3147:póday/póde
3136:, obl.pl.
3134:maynt/ment
3130:máyni/méni
3115:, obl.pl.
3107:: obl.sg.
3100:Examples:
2994:Morphology
2334:Pharyngeal
2297:Consonants
2214:tifarómišt
2204:is added:
2079:(but also
2005:(but also
1911:Тоҷикистун
1424:, written
1214:. Perhaps
1157:yu-/yū-/yʏ
500:. Western
430:Tajikistan
230:Early form
136:Tajikistan
6057:varieties
6044:indicate
5965:Pahlavani
5957:Bakhtiari
5942:Kuhmareyi
5932:Bashkardi
5854:Old Azeri
5565:Sanglechi
5328:Ukrainian
5251:languages
5236:Yazgulyam
4511:romanized
4360:"Э одамт!
4255:tubeteika
4253:bought a
4251:Nasreddin
4227:Cyrillic
4188:Cyrillic
4046:is this:
3935:-om (W),
3897:preterite
3553:das tⁱráy
3548:das saráy
3539:dᵘwozdáʰ
3447:šiš, šaš
3185:zindagī́t
3181:zindagī́y
2601:voiceless
2595:Fricative
2530:voiceless
2524:Affricate
2405:voiceless
2234:tufórsišt
2230:tufórtišt
2083:) vs. E.
2065:*(čə)θβār
1972:dih-/deh-
1853:ū/ūy/uy/ʏ
1806:allophone
1474:Phonology
1412:aeroplane
1376:loanword.
1296:). Older
1135:Notes to
446:Zafarobod
426:Zarafshan
305:Glottolog
289:ISO 639-3
158:Ethnicity
151:Zafarobod
93:July 2021
5986:Hazaragi
5937:Garmsiri
5877:Sangsari
5872:Lasgerdi
5861:Parthian
5839:Tabaroid
5807:Kurmanji
5763:Ashtiani
5732:Yaghnobi
5690:Ossetian
5679:Scythian
5654:Southern
5649:Northern
5621:Bactrian
5570:Sarikoli
5540:Bartangi
5338:Families
5298:Hazaragi
5288:Georgian
5258:Armenian
5231:Yaghnobi
5196:Oroshani
5171:Bartangi
5116:minority
5024:43899204
4558:Yaghnobi
4473:Yaghnabi
4261:for six
4148:Ossetian
4055:Singular
4029:Negation
3960:-si (E)
3915:Singular
3853:Singular
3661:das nau̯
3656:das nau̯
3611:šonzdáʰ
3593:ponzdáʰ
3589:das panč
3584:das panč
3557:senzdáʰ
3455:avd, aft
3405:se, say
3348:Numerals
3328:áwtiti,
3267:-(i)mox
3219:Pronouns
3177:zindagī́
2319:alveolar
2312:Alveolar
2290:parrīdan
2220:(ending
2097:budū́fs-
2093:*bədū́fs
1887:𐬠𐬏𐬰𐬀
1873:"goat";
1441:самалиёт
1382:letters
1346:. Also,
1137:Cyrillic
454:Dushanbe
428:area of
410:Yaghnobi
401:Help:IPA
338:58-ABC-a
325:Yaghnobi
312:yagn1238
243:Dialects
212:Yaghnobi
208:Northern
110:Yaghnobi
6090:Yaghnob
6046:extinct
6042:Italics
6027:Badeshi
5971:Persian
5947:Kumzari
5889:Taleshi
5882:Sorkhei
5867:Semnani
5822:Kordali
5802:Kurdish
5796:Gorgani
5774:Daylami
5768:Balochi
5748:Western
5726:Sogdian
5685:Alanian
5659:Wanetsi
5644:Central
5634:Parachi
5614:Avestan
5575:Shughni
5560:Roshani
5523:Eastern
5491:History
5442:Turkish
5427:English
5323:Turkmen
5278:Chinese
5221:Shughni
5211:Rushani
5176:Bukhori
5104:Russian
5100:(state)
5000:Russian
4983:Russian
4900:Russian
4883:Russian
4868:Russian
4513::
4485:endonym
4481:Yagnabi
4477:Yagnobi
4257:at the
4144:Sogdian
4132:Russian
4104:Russian
4098:Lexicon
4058:Plural
3993:-or+išt
3918:Plural
3901:augment
3867:-īmišt
3856:Plural
3789:haštód
3771:haftód
3709:dʏ bīst
3704:dū bīst
3665:nūzdáʰ
3647:haždáʰ
3643:das ašt
3638:das ašt
3625:das aft
3607:das uxš
3602:das uxš
3575:čordáʰ
3521:yozdáʰ
3322:áxtit,
3206:mórtiti
3172:čallóti
2887:before
2339:Glottal
2218:tufórči
2210:tifárak
2144:vs. E.
2127:vs. E.
2109:*təfár-
2105:tufórči
2101:tifárak
2089:*pδūfs-
2033:vs. E.
1950:before
1938:before
1920:"name".
1908:, e.g.
1883:Avestan
1782:and/or
1466:консерт
1460:кансерт
1454:концерт
1450:Russian
1446:concert
1436:Russian
1427:самолёт
1422:Russian
1408:Russian
1404:Russian
1380:Russian
1374:Russian
1360:Russian
1330:can be
1182:Use of
578:Writing
572:lexicon
531:(later
438:Sogdian
432:by the
424:in the
420:of the
397:Unicode
236:Sogdian
204:Eastern
199:Iranian
85:See why
6020:Others
5927:Achomi
5899:Tatoid
5847:Median
5817:Xwarin
5812:Sorani
5790:Gorani
5785:Gilaki
5706:Jassic
5666:Ormuri
5639:Pashto
5606:Others
5597:Yidgha
5437:German
5432:French
5422:Arabic
5313:Pashto
5303:Kyrgyz
5293:Dungan
5206:Pashto
5186:Khowar
5166:Aimaqi
5022:
4962:2010)
4951:
4606:
4263:tangas
4259:bazaar
4224:Latin
4180:Latin
4156:Pashto
4150:, the
4124:Turkic
4052:Person
4044:copula
3912:Person
3899:(with
3864:-omišt
3850:Person
3833:hazór
3807:navád
3535:das dʏ
3530:das dū
3334:-šint
3304:áwi, (
3290:-šint
3226:Person
3202:mórtit
3200:, pl.
3198:mórtiy
3183:, pl.
3168:čallót
3166:, pl.
3164:čallóy
3155:pódoti
3149:, pl.
3132:, pl.
3124:(W) /
3111:, pl.
2910:, not
2682:voiced
2563:voiced
2469:voiced
2329:Uvular
2307:Labial
2256:after
2240:(when
2206:tifár-
2171:*xəšáp
2155:/xbar/
2138:/šrīk/
2129:šarī́k
2125:širī́k
2117:*θβar-
2113:*tfar-
2073:*təfór
2043:*vərāt
2027:*θəráy
1482:Vowels
1369:Европа
1344:*/jiː/
1338:, and
1305:шаъмак
1299:ша’мак
1234:vowel
1222:, and
1199:ӣранка
1193:иранка
1173:viyóra
412:is an
372:(2010)
367:UNESCO
142:Region
5991:Tajik
5920:South
5756:North
5695:Digor
5587:Wakhi
5581:Vanji
5555:Munji
5550:Khufi
5532:Pamir
5412:Farsi
5388:Signs
5318:Tatar
5308:Parya
5226:Wakhi
5201:Parya
5191:Khufi
5158:Pamir
5123:Uzbek
5098:Tajik
5020:JSTOR
4966:Czech
4960:Praha
4930:Tajik
4915:Tajik
4854:]
4843:]
4767:(PDF)
4752:(PDF)
4502:Tajik
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