257:, who hid out with Stefanovich in St Petersburg in 1878, said "He is an extremely reserved man, entirely concentrated in himself. He speaks little, in public meetings never. He always listens quite doubled up, with his head bent, as if asleep. He never enters into any theoretical discussions ... He is a man of action exclusively." Kravchinsky also wrote that "I never saw an uglier man. He had prominent cheek bones, a large mouth and a flat nose. But it was an attractive ugliness. Intelligence shone forth from his grey eyes."
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and the documents he had shown them were fake. According to
Breshko-Breshkovskaya, "he expected the peasants who were in the same prison with him to be incensed ... but to his astonishment and joy, they welcomed him as friend and a leader... I now know that the peasants who were exiled to remote places in Siberia in connection with his case also considered him a very fine man and were anxious to meet him again."
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Another revolutionary wrote that when
Stefanovich and Deutsch were in Kiev in prison in 1877 - and facing a real possibility of being executed - they refused to escape unless they could both escape together, whereas Stefanovich was "terribly secretive and distrustful" with everybody but Deutsch, and
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lovers - "his most intimate friend is L., from whom he is never separated except when absolutely compelled by 'business,' and then they write long letters to each other every day, which they jealously keep, showing them to no one, affording thus a subject of everlasting ridicule among their friends."
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Stefanovich and
Deutsch recruited about a thousand peasants in the conspiracy, before careless talk alerted the authorities. Seventy-four peasants were arrested, along with Stefanovich, Deutsch, and a revolutionary named Ivan Bokhanovsky. The peasants now learnt that Stefanovich had not met the tsar,
276:
Breshko-Breshkovskaya, who considered
Stefanovich to be "one of the most sincere among the young revolutionists ... tall and broad with an open honest face...." thought that after the Chigirin affair "owing to the influence of his success and the recognition of his great abilities, Yakov gained too
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Stefanovich was tried by
Russian authorities in March 1883. The court accepted his statement that he was not a member of the Narodnaya Volya and gave him the comparatively light sentence of eight years hard labour in Kara. Stefanovich was released from prison in 1890, and took no further part in
142:(Chyhyryn) district. The peasants in that area had demanded a fairer distribution of land, and were refusing to sign deeds that gave legally recognition to the current pattern of land ownership. In 1875, a group of peasants led by an army veteran named Foma Pryadko petitioned the
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Stefanovich was arrested in Moscow in March 1882. In prison, he wrote a letter to
Plekhanov, using invisible ink, in which he was scathing about the state of Narodnaya Volya. This was somehow intercepted by members of Narodnaya Volya, and created a scandal within the group.
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The couple arrived as revolutionaries were on the point of splitting over the issue of whether to continue with propaganda work, or focus on killing the Tsar. Stefanovich tried energetically to prevent a split. He became a founder of
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After receiving a coded warning not to try to rejoin
Breshko-Breshkovskaya, who had been arrested, Stefanovich returned to the university. During his second year there, in 1875, he was expelled for spreading revolutionary propaganda.
146:, wrongly believing that he secretly sympathised with them. In May 1875, the Russian authorities sent troops to suppress the protests. Two peasants were flogged to death, and hundreds were arrested and transported to Kiev.
168:, supposedly issued by the tsar, which granted liberty to all of Chigirin's rural population and ordered that the land, including that belonging to the nobility, should be distributed equally. They also created the
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They arranged to share a room during their exile in
Siberia in the 1880s, where Deutsch tried, but failed to persuade Stefanovich, whom he described as "unusually thoughtful and far-seeing" to become a
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Stefanovich contacted the
Chigirin prisoners in Kiev in May 1876. He promised them that he would contact the tsar on their behalf. Stefanovich gained the prisonsers' trust because he spoke
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After the three activists made contact with the peasants, Stefanovich was tipped off that he was likely to be arrested. He and
Breshko-Breshkovskaya fled to
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high an opinion of himself ... In Siberia ... as in Petersburg, he was generally disliked and condemned for his insincerity towards Narodnaya Volya."
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183:, obtained a job as a prison warder and allowed Stefanovish, Deutsch and Bokhanovsky to walk out of the prison one evening, disguised as warders.
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province, where they contacted religious dissenters. Stefanovich unsuccessfully attempted to recruit them into rebellion by arguing that the
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203:'s attempted assassination of the tsar. Stefanovich crossed the Russian border by train, travelling with
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Roots of Revolution, A History of the Populist and Socialist Movements in Nineteenth-Century Russia
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in peasant villages. Stefanovich obtained a false passport, and posed as an itinerant cobbler.
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fluently, and through a profound understanding of peasant folklore, as the hostile memoirist
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The Little Grandmother of the Revolution, Reminiscences and Letters of Catherin Breshkovsky
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There is a hint in Kravchinsky's account that Stefanovich and Leo Deutsch may have been
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Stefanovich left Russian again in January 1880, but returned in 1881, intending to join
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Five Sisters, Women Against the Tsar: The Memoirs of Five Revolutionaries of the 1870a
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wrote that "he was an utter liar and lied even unnecessarily, as if for pleasure."
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Stefanovich was held in Kiev prison awaiting trial. A fellow revolutionary,
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Stefanovich and Deutsch obtained a secret printing press and created a
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While at the University, Stefanovich joined the Kiev branch of the
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supported appropriating land from big landowners for the peasants.
52:. He and his colleagues deceived participants by telling them the
435:
Barbara Alpern Engel, and Clifford N. Rosenthal (editors) (1975).
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Stefanovich appears to have been a naturally solitary individual.
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Underground Russia, Revolutionary Profiles and Sketches from Life
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After his expulsion from University, Stefanovich teamed up with
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After his escape from prison in Kiew, Stefanovich hid out in
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had a reputation even among revolutionaries as a "fanatic".
215:- Lyubatovich described him as its 'leader'. Deutsch and
307:Генеалогическая база знаний (Genealogical knowledge base)
33:: Якiв Василевич Стефанович) (10 December (28 November
230:, most of its effective operatives had been arrested.
486:. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons. pp. 56–57.
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Stefanovich led an unsuccessful attempt to incite a
138:. In May 1876, he contacted prisoners from the
87:anarchist group, inspired by the writings of
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503:. New York, C. Scribner's Sons. p. 58.
207:, so that they could pose as man and wife.
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37:) 1854 –14 April 1915) was a Ukrainian
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303:"КОРНИ И ВЕТКИ (Roots and branches)"
439:. London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson.
424:. New York: E.P.Dutton. p. 98.
241:Stefanovich died in Ukraine during
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407:. Stanford U.P. pp. 173–74.
403:Breshkovskaya, Katerina (1931).
93:Yekaterina Breshko-Breshkovskaya
16:Ukrainian narodnik revolutionary
497:Stepniak (Kravchinsky) (1883).
354:Русская национальная философия
170:Statutes of the Secret Militia
64:Yakov Stefanovich was born in
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350:"Стефанович, Яков Васильевич"
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418:Deutsch, Leo (1904).
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187:Assassination of tsar
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312:10 November
249:Personality
243:World War I
136:Leo Deutsch
547:Categories
360:9 November
285:References
159:monarchist
105:propaganda
588:Narodniks
514:Deutsch.
455:cite book
356:. Khronos
151:Ukrainian
68:, in the
35:old style
31:Ukrainian
140:Chigirin
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39:narodnik
578:Konotop
267:Marxist
112:Kherson
66:Konotop
50:Ukraine
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467:help
441:ISBN
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