524:, hearing of the death of the prospectors at the hands of Qualchin, departed for the scene on horseback to investigate but was intercepted by the Yakama chief Shumaway, who warned him Qualchin was too dangerous to confront. Heeding Shumaway's warning, Bolon turned back and began the ride home. En route he came upon a group of Yakama traveling south and decided to ride along with them. One of the members of this group was Mosheel, Shumaway's son. After Bolon told Mosheel that the death of the miners was considered a wrongdoing and would be punished by United States army soon as he returned home, Mosheel grew angry. At some point, he decided Bolon should be killed. Though a number of Yakama in the traveling party protested, their objections were overruled by Mosheel, who invoked his regal status. Discussions about Bolon's fate took place over much of the day (Bolon, who did not speak Yakama, was unaware of this debate as it unfolded among his traveling companions).
696:. The Yakama had erected a defensive barrier of stone breastwork which was quickly blown away by American artillery fire. Kamiakan had not expected a force of the size Rains had mustered and the Yakama, anticipating a quick victory of the kind they had recently scored at Toppenish Creek, had brought their families. Kamiakan now ordered the women and children to flee as he and the warriors fought a delaying action. While leading a reconnaissance of the American lines, Kamiakan and a group of fifty mounted warriors encountered an American patrol which gave chase. Kamiakan and his men escaped across the Yakima River; the Americans were unable to keep up and two soldiers drowned before the pursuit was called off.
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learned of the raid on the White River settlement, Stevens convened the
Washington Legislature where he declared "the war shall be prosecuted until the last hostile Indian is exterminated. Stevens was further perturbed at the lack of a military escort afforded him during his dangerous passage through Walla Walla and went on to denounce Wool for "the criminal neglect of my safety." Oregon Governor Curry joined his Washington counterpart in demanding Wool's dismissal. (The matter came to a head in the fall of 1856 and Wool was reassigned by the Army to command of the Eastern Department.)
770:. Wool was widely considered pompous and arrogant and had been criticized by some for blaming much of the western conflicts between Natives and whites on whites. After assessing the situation in Washington, he decided that Rains' approach of chasing bands of Yakama around the territory would lead to an inevitable defeat. Wool planned to wage a static war by using the territorial militia to fortify the major settlements while better trained and equipped U.S. Army regulars moved-in to occupy traditional Indian hunting and fishing grounds, starving the Yakama into surrender.
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Biting's
Prairie on November 25, 1855, resulting in several casualties but no decisive outcome. The next day an Indian sharpshooter killed two of Slaughter's troops. Finally, on December 3, as Slaughter and his men were camped for the night on Brannan's Prairie, the force was fired upon and Slaughter killed. News of the death of Slaughter greatly demoralized settlers in the principal towns. Slaughter and his wife were a popular young couple among the settlers and the legislature adjourned for a day of mourning.
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Indian fatalities range from one (reported by a
Puyallup Indian, Tyee Dick, after the end of the war) to 30 (claimed in Slaughter's official report), though the lower number may be more credible (one veteran of the battle, Daniel Mounts, would later be appointed Indian agent to the Nisqually and heard Tyee Dick's casualty numbers confirmed by Nisqually). At four o'clock, when it was becoming too dark for the Americans to cross the White River, Leschi's men fell back three miles to their camp on the banks of the
50:
580:... all the disposable force in the district will at once take the field, and I have the honor to make a requisition upon you for two companies of volunteers to take the field the earliest possible moment. The composition of these companies to be as follows: One Captain, one First Lieutenant and one Second Lieutenant, two musicians, four Sergeants, four Corporals and seventy four privates. The greatest exertions should be made to raise and equip these companies at once.
602:
633:, ranger James McAllister and farmer Michael Connell were ambushed and killed by Leschi's men. The rest of Eaton's Rangers were besieged inside an abandoned cabin, where they would remain for the next four days before escaping. The next morning Muckleshoot and Klickitat warriors raided three settler cabins along the White River, killing nine men and women. Many settlers had left the area in advance of the raid, having been warned of danger by
1057:). Fourteen settlers and three US soldiers died in the attack, the most losses for US citizens during the Yakima War. The United States sent reinforcements the following day to defend against further attacks. The Yakama people fled, but nine Cascades Indians who surrendered without a fight, including Chenoweth, Chief of the Hood River Band, were improperly charged and executed for treason.
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as could be, and did all in her power to make it pleasant for us, but the children were very shy. She set out dried fish and whortleberries for our repast, but nothing she could do would induce them to go to her. Our hunger was so great that the various and penetrating odors permeating the food she had brought us was no bar to our relish for it as I remember.
543:, before calling for the arrest of his own son, Mosheel, who he said should be turned over to the territorial government in order to forestall the American retaliation he felt would likely occur. A Yakama council overruled the chief, however, siding with Shumaway's older brother, Kamiakin, who called for war preparations. Meanwhile, district commander
641:. Details of the raid on the White River settlements were told by John King, one of the four survivors, who was seven years old at the time and was – along with two younger siblings spared by the attackers and told to head west. The King children eventually came upon a local Native American known to them as Tom.
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Meanwhile, Leschi, having successfully repelled and evaded the previous
American attempts to defeat his forces along the White River, now faced a third wave of attack. As construction on Fort Tilton got underway, Patkanim - brevetted to the rank of captain in the Volunteers - set out at the head of a
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On
November 3 Maloney ordered a force of 100 men under Lt. William Slaughter to cross the White River and engage Leschi's forces. Attempts to ford the river, however, were stopped by the fire of Indian sharpshooters. One American soldier was killed in a back-and-forth exchange of gunfire. Accounts of
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Army
Captain Maurice Maloney, in command of a reinforced company of 243 men, had previously been sent east to cross the Naches Pass and enter the Yakama homeland from the rear. Finding the pass blocked with snow he began returning west in the days following the raid on the White River settlements. On
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Patkanim tracked Leschi to his camp along the White River, but a planned night raid was aborted after a barking dog alerted sentries. Instead, Patkanim approached to within speaking distance of Leschi's camp, announcing to the
Nisqually chief, "I will have your head." Early the next morning Patkanim
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I told him of the massacre. He said he suspected something of the kind, as he had heard firing in that direction. He told me that I should get the children and take them to his wigwam, adding that 'when the moon was high' he would take us to
Seattle in his canoe. His squaw was as kind and amiable
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By the end of
November, federal troops had returned to the White River area. A detachment of the 4th Infantry Regiment, under Lt. Slaughter, accompanied by militia under Capt. Gilmore Hays, searched the area from which Maloney had previously withdrawn and engaged Nisqually and Klickitat warriors at
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Snoqualmie warriors were sent to hunt-down remnant hostile forces, with the territorial government agreeing to pay a bounty on scalps, however, the practice was quickly terminated by orders of the territorial auditor after questions arose as to whether the
Snoqualmie were actually engaging remnant
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By spring of 1856, Stevens began to suspect that some settlers in Pierce County, who had married into area tribes, were secretly conspiring with their Native American in-laws against the territorial government. Stevens' distrust of the Pierce County settlers may have been heightened by the strong
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Meanwhile, on December 20, Washington Governor Isaac Stevens had finally made it back to the territory after a perilous journey that involved a final, mad dash across the hostile Walla Walla Valley. Dissatisfied with Wool's plan to wait until spring before resuming military operations, and having
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The next morning Maloney advanced with 150 men across the White River and attempted to engage Leschi at his camp at the Green River, but poor terrain made the advance untenable and he quickly called off the attack. Another skirmish on November 5 resulted in five American fatalities, but no Indian
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In Kamiakan's camp, plans for a night raid against the American force were drawn up but abandoned. Instead, early the next day, the Yakama continued their defensive retreat, tiring American forces who eventually broke off the engagement. In the last day of fighting the Yakama suffered their only
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will as soon be attacked by the Indians as the town of Seattle." Even as Stevens was speaking, however, a 6,000-man tribal army was moving on the unsuspecting settlement. As the governor's ship was sailing from the harbor - carrying Stevens back to Olympia - members of some of the Puget Sound's
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chief who was half Yakama, had sought to forge an alliance among the Puget Sound tribes to bring war to the doorstep of the territorial government. Starting with just the 31 warriors in his own band, Leschi rallied more than 150 Muckleshoot, Puyallup, and Klickitat, though other tribes rebuffed
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A party of American miners came across two Yakama women, a mother and daughter traveling together with a baby. The miners assaulted and killed both women and the infant. The husband and father of the women, a Yakama man named Mosheel, collected two friends, one of whom was Qualchin, and the men
781:, and Cayuse who had, up to that point, remained cautiously neutral in the conflict (Curry believed it was only a matter of time before the eastern tribes entered the war and sought to gain a strategic advantage by attacking first). Oregon militia, under Lt. Col. James Kelley, crossed into the
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Rains continued to Saint Joseph's Mission which had been abandoned, the priests having joined the Yakama in flight. During a search of the grounds, Rains' men discovered a barrel of gunpowder, leading them to erroneously believe the priests had been secretly arming the Yakama. A riot among the
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in September 1858, Wright inflicted a decisive defeat on the Native Americans. He called a council of all the local Native Americans at Latah Creek (southwest of Spokane). On September 23 he imposed a peace treaty, under which most of the tribes were to go to reservations.
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in December, skirmishing with the tribes and, eventually, capturing Peopeomoxmox and several other chiefs. The eastern tribes were now firmly involved in the conflict, a state-of-affairs Wool blamed squarely on Curry. In a letter to a friend, Wool commented that,
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On the evening of January 24, 1856, two scouts from the massing tribal forces, dressed in disguise and talking their way past American sentries, covertly entered Seattle on a reconnaissance mission (some believe one of these scouts may have been Leschi himself).
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The death of Bolon and the United States defeat at Toppenish Creek caused panic across the Washington Territory, provoking fears that an Indian uprising was in progress. The same news emboldened the Yakama and many uncommitted bands rallied to Kamiakin.
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But for the ... barbarous determination of the Oregonians to extermin its Indians, I would soon put an end to the Indian War. It is these shocking barbarities that gives us more trouble than all else and is constantly increasing the ranks of the
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to move out with an expeditionary column from Fort Dalles. Haller's force was met and turned back at the edge of Yakama territory by a large group of Yakama warriors. As Haller withdrew, his company was engaged and routed by the Yakama at the
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to delay the American advance against the main Yakama force. At four o'clock in the afternoon Maj. Haller, backed by a howitzer bombardment, led a charge against the Yakama position. Kamiakan's forces scattered into the brush at the mouth of
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government and several Indian tribes in the area resulted in reluctant tribal recognition of U.S. sovereignty over a vast amount of land within the new territory. In return for this recognition, the tribes were entitled to receive
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That evening Kamiakan called a war council where it was decided the Yakama would make a stand in the hills of Union Gap. Rains began advancing on the hills the next morning, his progress slowed by small groups of Yakama employing
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by Tokul Creek in February 1856. Fort Tilton became operational in March 1856, consisting of a blockhouse and several storehouses. The fort was manned by a small contingent of Volunteers supported by a 100-man force of
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mobilized a cavalry regiment of 800 men, a portion of which crossed into Washington Territory in early November. Now with more than 700 troops at his disposal, Rains prepared to march on Kamiakin, who had encamped at
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as a military post. Initially the conflict was limited to the Yakama, but eventually the Walla Walla and Cayuse were drawn into the war, and carried out a number of raids and battles against the American invaders.
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Leschi would later express regret for the raid on the White River settlements and post-war accounts given by Nisqually in his band affirmed that the chief had rebuked his commanders who had organized the attack.
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s guns, however, the attackers were forced to withdraw and regroup, after which a decision was made to abandon the assault. Two Americans were killed in the fighting and 28 Natives lost their lives.
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had guaranteed the inviolability of Native American territory following tribal accession to the treaties, he lacked the legal authority to enforce it pending ratification of the agreements by the
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would later write that Patkanim returned with "gruesome evidences of his battles in the form of heads taken from the bodies of slain hostile Indians." Leschi's, however, was not among them.
1189:), convicted the second time, and then hanged outside Fort Steilacoom, the U.S. Army having refused to allow his execution to occur on Army property as military commanders considered him a
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who traveled, unchecked, across the newly defined tribal lands, to the growing consternation of Indian leaders. In 1855 two of these prospectors were killed by Qualchin, the nephew of
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ordering the release of the settlers. Learning of Chenoweth's arrival in Pierce County, Stevens sent a company of militia to stop the chief justice, but the troops were met by the
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began the evacuation of women and children from the neutral Duwamish, by boat, to the west side of Puget Sound while a group of citizen volunteers, led by the
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Tyee Dick, pictured here later in life, was one of Leschi's soldiers at the Battle of White River. After the war he would rise to the chiefdom of the Puyallup.
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soldiers ensued and the mission was burned to the ground. With snow beginning to fall, Rains ordered a withdrawal, and the column returned to Fort Dalles.
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During a rest stop, as Bolon and the Yakama were eating lunch, Mosheel and at least three other Yakama set upon him with knives. Bolon yelled out in a
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policies. Stevens ordered the suspect farmers arrested and held at Camp Montgomery. When Judge Edward Lander ordered their release, Stevens declared
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To Wool's chagrin, however, Oregon Governor Curry decided to launch a preemptive and largely unprovoked attack against the eastern tribes of the
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Just after sunrise on January 25, 1856, American lookouts spotted a large group of Indians approaching the settlement under cover of trees. The
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1193:. (In 2004 a Historical Court, convened by the State of Washington, conceded the Army's opinion and posthumously acquitted Leschi of murder.)
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force of 55 Snoqualmie and Snohomish warriors intent on capturing Leschi. Their mission was triumphantly announced by a headline in Olympia's
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November 2, 1855 Leschi's men were spotted by the vanguard of Maloney's returning column, and fell back to the right bank of the White River.
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Washington governor Isaac Stevens, pictured here in 1862, was joined by Oregon governor John Curry in calling for the dismissal of Gen. Wool.
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The Cascades Massacre on March 26, 1856 was the name given to an attack by a coalition of tribes against white soldiers and settlers in the
531:, "I did not come to fight you!" before being stabbed in the throat. Bolon's horse was then shot, and his body and personal effects burned.
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deaths. Unable to make any headway, Maloney began his withdrawal from the area on November 7, arriving at Fort Steilacoom two days later.
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1973:
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980:. Marshals sent to Olympia to detain the governor were ejected from the capitol and Stevens ordered Judge Lander's arrest by militia.
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1926:"Major Gabriel Rains and 700 soldiers and volunteers skirmish with Yakama warriors under Kamiakin at Union Gap on November 9, 1855"
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warriors, fulfillment of an agreement made by the powerful Snoqualmie chief Patkanim with the government the previous November.
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who wrote to him that "... your conduct, in that respect, does not therefore meet with the favorable regard of the President."
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began firing into the woods, prompting townspeople to evacuate to the blockhouse. Tribal forces - by some accounts composed of
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The Official History of the Washington National Guard Volume 2 Washington Territorial Militia in the Indian Wars of 1855-56
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tracked down the miners who had killed Mosheel’s family. They ambushed the murderers in their camp and killed all of them.
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began his assault, the bloody fight reportedly lasting ten hours, ending only after the Snoqualmie ran out of ammunition.
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Snoqualmie chief Patkanim led a raid on Leschi's camp in winter of 1856 but the elusive Nisqually chief avoided capture.
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neutral tribes began streaming into Seattle requesting sanctuary from a large Yakama war party that had just crossed
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Cutmouth John, a U.S. Army Indian scout, is believed to have inflicted the only fatality on the Yakama at Union Gap.
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1963:
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1716:"Reminiscences of Seattle Washington Territory and the U. S. Sloop-of-War Decatur During the Indian War of 1855-56"
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to defend the court. The impasse was finally resolved after Stevens agreed to back down and release the farmers.
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to Pierce County. Arriving in Steilacoom, Chenoweth reconvened the court and prepared to again issue writs of
906:- returned fire with small arms and began a fast advance on the settlement. Faced with unrelenting fire from
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where he had traveled to present the treaties to the Senate for ratification) for military aid, writing that
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When Shumaway heard of Bolon's death he immediately sent an ambassador to inform the U.S. Army garrison at
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With a view to block the passes across the Cascade Mountains and prevent further Yakama movements against
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San Francisco: The History Company, 1890. Chapter VI: Indian Wars 1855-1856, and V :Indian Wars 1856-1858
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Rains, who had just 350 federal troops under his immediate command, urgently appealed to Acting Governor
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1816:"Governor Isaac Stevens ejects Judge Edward Lander from his court under martial law on May 12, 1856"
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U.S. Army Indian scouts tracked and captured Andrew Bolon's murderers who were subsequently hanged.
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1932:"Yakama tribesmen slay Indian Subagent Andrew J. Bolon near Toppenish Creek on September 23, 1855"
1360:"Yakima tribesmen slay Indian Subagent Andrew J. Bolon near Toppenish Creek on September 23, 1855"
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1185:. Leschi was twice tried for murder by the territorial government (his first trial resulted in a
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422:, and the tribal allies of each. It primarily took place in the southern interior of present-day
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1389:(in English and Sahaptin). Washington State, United States: Heritage University. p. 5.
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Leschi's overtures. In response to news of Leschi's growing army, a volunteer troop of 18
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had received Shumaway's ambassador and, in response to the news of Bolon's death, ordered
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1873:"Native Americans attack Americans at the Cascades of the Columbia on March 26, 1856"
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to reassure citizens of the town. Stevens confidently declared that, "I believe that
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The Bitter Waters of Medicine Creek: A Tragic Clash Between White and Native America
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One hundred fifty miles to the east, on November 9, Rains closed with Kamiakin near
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614:
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1889:
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The murder of BIA agent Andrew Bolon is considered an immediate cause of the war.
1333:(in English and Sahaptin). Washington State, US: Heritage University. p. 4.
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973:
858:
832:
605:
Marker at the site of the ambush of McAllister and Connell, photographed in 2005
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The Yakama people were forced onto a reservation south of the present city of
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in Pierce and Thurston counties. On May 12 Lander ruled that Stevens was in
638:
590:
699:
626:, known as Eaton's Rangers, was dispatched to arrest the Nisqually chief.
17:
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was formally organized as a U.S. territory in 1853, treaties between the
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196:
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1272:
1843:"Concluding Soap Lake by Knapp; continuing Irrigation Project by Weber"
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The U.S. Army arrived in the region in the summer of 1856. That August
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1505:
Frontiersmen in Blue: The United States Army and the Indian, 1848-1865
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A Historical Account of the Yakima War, recorded by Catherine Arquette
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A Historical Account of the Yakima War, recorded by Catherine Arquette
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27:
19th-century conflict between the United States and the Yakama people
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called for his removal over the incident and he was censured by the
1589:"HistoryLink.org Essay 5285, St. Joseph's Mission on Ahtanum Creek"
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745:
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Bulwark of the Republic: The American Militia in Antebellum West
1760:"Long-lost Fort Tilton once stood guard over Snoqualmie Valley"
279:
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1559:"Washington Biography: Leschi, Last Chief of the Nisquallies"
1082:
The last phase of the conflict, sometimes referred to as the
275:
830:
In late January 1856, Stevens arrived in Seattle aboard the
1616:. Kilham Stationery & Printing Company. pp. 39–51.
1037:. The native attackers included warriors from the Yakama,
1017:
Stevens subsequently pardoned himself of contempt, but the
998:- where he was recuperating from illness - and traveled by
994:, the chief justice of the territorial supreme court, left
1273:"The Yakima Indian War, 1855-1856: A Problem in Research"
486:, after it was discovered they had raped a Yakama woman.
1920:"Yakama (Yakima) Indian War begins on October 5, 1855"
1480:. Washington Department of Military Affairs. p. 2
1667:. Washington State Historical Society. Archived from
721:
fatality, a warrior killed by U.S. Army Indian Scout
1892:
History Of Washington, Idaho, and Montana, 1845-1889
1979:
Wars between the United States and Native Americans
1421:. Washington State History Museum. Archived from
766:side in the conflict, making his headquarters at
1634:. Washington Historical Society. Archived from
1439:. W.H. Leeds, State Printer. 1918. p. 341.
849:. The threat was confirmed with the arrival of
813:Seattleites evacuate to the town blockhouse as
788:
643:
578:
461:half of the fish in the territory in perpetuity
34:
629:On October 27, while surveying an area of the
54:Illustration of U.S. Army artillerymen in 1855
1984:Native American history of Washington (state)
1902:, Binfords & Mort, Portland, Oregon 1972
1455:"Yakama Indian War begins on October 5, 1855"
291:
8:
467:where white settlement would be prohibited.
434:are sometimes separately referred to as the
1607:
1605:
717:and the American offensive was called off.
1809:
1807:
1805:
1537:
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1529:
1098:to deal with the recent fighting. At the
968:sentiment in the county and opposition to
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284:
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31:
1739:
1737:
1508:. University of Nebraska Press. pp.
1200:hostiles, or executing their own slaves.
1165:Learn how and when to remove this message
1614:Ka-mi-akin, the Last Hero of the Yakimas
1497:
1495:
1448:
1446:
1128:This section includes a list of general
572:(Isaac Stevens was still returning from
1655:
1653:
1546:. Lowman and Hanford. pp. 289–303.
1263:
1023:Secretary of State of the United States
922:, a small redoubt was established near
1628:"Lieutenant William Alloway Slaughter"
1437:Oregon Historical Quarterly, volume 19
1392:
1336:
1010:whom Chenoweth had ordered to raise a
820:opens fire on advancing tribal forces.
463:, awards of money and provisions, and
334:
1940:, Washington State University Library
1938:"Guide to the Yakima War (1856-1858)"
1399:: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (
1343:: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (
1306:Chronology of American Indian History
1271:Bischoff, William Nobert (Apr 1950).
609:As Rains was mustering his forces in
394:(1855–1858), also referred to as the
7:
1994:Indian wars of the American Old West
1900:Indian Wars of the Pacific Northwest
1587:Becker, Paula (February 23, 2003).
1544:Pioneer Reminisences of Puget Sound
597:Raid on the White River settlements
1134:it lacks sufficient corresponding
1045:(today identified as belonging to
853:who brought news from her father,
25:
1841:Clay, Dennis (15 February 2014).
1252:Spokane-Coeur d'Alene-Paloos War
1119:
990:Learning of Lander's detention,
186:
175:
164:
106:
48:
1788:. Greenwood. pp. 177–178.
1069:supervised the construction of
857:, that an attack was imminent.
1:
1989:History of Washington (state)
1567:Eastern Washington University
1177:As the war wound to a close,
1086:, occurred in 1858. General
733:Skirmish at Brannan's Prairie
402:, was a conflict between the
1934:, HistoryLink.org Essay 8118
1928:, HistoryLink.org Essay 8124
1922:, HistoryLink.org Essay 5311
1094:and sent a force under Col.
872:, started construction on a
1748:. Superior. pp. 21–26.
1665:washingtonhistoryonline.org
1632:washingtonhistoryonline.org
1557:Carpenter, Cecilia (1976).
1419:washingtonhistoryonline.org
1415:"The Murder of A. J. Bolon"
1278:Pacific Northwest Quarterly
762:and assumed control of the
754:In late November 1855 Gen.
680:- "lots and lots of fun").
584:Meanwhile, Oregon Governor
470:While territorial governor
346:Battle of Connell's Prairie
2030:
1746:Totem Tales of Old Seattle
1051:Cascades Indians / Watlala
947:"Pat Kanim in the Field!"
823:
2009:1858 in the United States
2004:1857 in the United States
1999:1856 in the United States
1974:1855 in the United States
1784:Rowe, Mary Ellen (2003).
1308:. Infobase. p. 159.
1092:Department of the Pacific
554:Battle of Toppenish Creek
549:Major Granville O. Haller
535:Battle of Toppenish Creek
495:Death of Mosheel’s family
320:Battle of Toppenish Creek
315:
215:
157:
98:
58:
47:
39:
1694:. Vintage. p. 167.
1690:Kluger, Richard (2012).
826:Battle of Seattle (1856)
678:hi-ue he-he, hi-ue he-he
518:Bureau of Indian Affairs
377:Battle of Spokane Plains
1744:Newell, Gordon (1956).
1385:Saluskin, Alex (1989).
1329:Saluskin, Alex (1989).
1304:Sonneborn, Liz (2009).
1149:more precise citations.
1077:
865:of the nearby-anchored
732:
516:On September 20, 1855,
490:Outbreak of hostilities
1502:Utley, Robert (1991).
987:
939:
821:
793:
751:
704:
668:
648:
606:
582:
513:
426:. Isolated battles in
234:3rd Artillery Regiment
158:Commanders and leaders
1847:Columbia Basin Herald
1612:Splawn, A.J. (1917).
1542:Meeker, Ezra (1903).
1358:Wilma, David (2007).
1029:The Cascades Massacre
1008:Pierce County Sheriff
986:
937:
914:Snoqualmie operations
812:
749:
702:
666:
655:Battle of White River
604:
511:
504:Death of Andrew Bolon
355:Battle of Port Gamble
330:Battle of Walla Walla
257:Walla Walla warriors
230:9th Infantry Regiment
226:6th Infantry Regiment
222:4th Infantry Regiment
90:United States victory
1898:Ray Hoard Glassley:
1890:Hubert H. Bancroft,
1100:Battle of Four Lakes
1019:United States Senate
992:Francis A. Chenoweth
959:Martial law declared
945:Pioneer and Democrat
476:United States Senate
452:Washington Territory
420:Washington Territory
372:Battle of Four Lakes
367:Battle of Pine Creek
76:Washington Territory
42:American Indian Wars
1661:"General John Wool"
1104:Spokane, Washington
742:Conflict of command
710:hit and run tactics
688:Battle of Union Gap
593:with 300 warriors.
325:Battle of Union Gap
269:Klickitat warriors
261:Nisqually warriors
252:Snoqualmie warriors
1875:. HistoryLink.org.
988:
940:
920:western Washington
822:
783:Walla Walla Valley
752:
705:
669:
607:
514:
428:western Washington
412:Sahaptian-speaking
267:Puyallup warriors
259:Umatilla warriors
238:Washington militia
1969:Conflicts in 1858
1964:Conflicts in 1857
1959:Conflicts in 1856
1954:Conflicts in 1855
1232:Fraser Canyon War
1175:
1174:
1167:
1084:Coeur d'Alene War
1078:Coeur d'Alene War
1067:Robert S. Garnett
978:contempt of court
863:marine detachment
851:Princess Angeline
805:Battle of Seattle
440:Coeur d'Alene War
430:and the northern
416:Northwest Plateau
400:Yakima Indian War
385:
384:
362:Coeur d'Alene War
350:Battle of Seattle
335:Cascades Massacre
274:
273:
265:Palouse warriors
94:
93:
16:(Redirected from
2021:
1877:
1876:
1869:
1863:
1862:
1860:
1858:
1853:on 7 August 2018
1849:. Archived from
1838:
1832:
1831:
1829:
1827:
1811:
1800:
1799:
1781:
1775:
1774:
1772:
1771:
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1727:
1720:history.navy.mil
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1191:lawful combatant
1183:British Columbia
1170:
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1159:
1156:
1150:
1145:this section by
1136:inline citations
1123:
1122:
1115:
1088:Newman S. Clarke
1055:Hood River Wasco
924:Snoqualmie Falls
586:George Law Curry
574:Washington, D.C.
442:, respectively.
310:
300:
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286:
277:
263:Cayuse warriors
255:Yakama warriors
191:
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1453:Becker, Paula.
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1141:Please help to
1140:
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1063:
1061:Puget Sound War
1043:Cascades tribes
1035:Cascades Rapids
1031:
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847:Lake Washington
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637:of the neutral
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562:
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529:Chinook dialect
506:
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418:, then part of
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1914:External links
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1833:
1814:Wilma, David.
1801:
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1701:978-0307388964
1700:
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1671:on 23 May 2014
1649:
1638:on 24 May 2014
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1867:
1855:. Retrieved
1851:the original
1846:
1836:
1824:. Retrieved
1819:
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1779:
1768:. Retrieved
1766:. 2019-02-06
1763:
1754:
1745:
1724:. Retrieved
1719:
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1685:
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1669:the original
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1636:the original
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1423:the original
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1368:. Retrieved
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206:Chief Leschi
99:Belligerents
40:Part of the
1722:. U.S. Navy
1227:Fort Dalles
1217:Bannock War
1147:introducing
1071:Fort Simcoe
974:martial law
896:Walla Walla
859:Doc Maynard
833:USCS Active
777:, Palouse,
775:Walla Walla
674:Green River
631:White River
560:War spreads
541:Fort Dalles
480:prospectors
396:Plateau War
182:Joel Palmer
128:Walla Walla
1948:Categories
1884:Literature
1795:0313324107
1770:2023-01-25
1519:0803295502
1258:References
1222:Cayuse War
1130:references
970:Democratic
966:Whig Party
929:Snoqualmie
874:blockhouse
760:California
450:After the
446:Background
424:Washington
392:Yakima War
308:Yakima War
119:Snoqualmie
35:Yakima War
18:Yakama War
1395:cite book
1339:cite book
1187:hung jury
1155:June 2024
1111:Aftermath
1039:Klickitat
900:Klickitat
885:USS
867:USS
815:USS
791:hostiles.
694:Union Gap
639:Suquamish
619:Nisqually
591:Union Gap
246:USS
152:Klickitat
136:Nisqually
66:1855–1858
1594:June 19,
1291:40487612
1211:See also
1179:Kamiakin
908:Decatur'
904:Puyallup
838:New York
779:Umatilla
624:dragoons
484:Kamiakin
438:and the
406:and the
148:Puyallup
132:Umatilla
71:Location
1510:189–191
1143:improve
887:Decatur
869:Decatur
817:Decatur
248:Decatur
144:Palouse
2014:Yakama
1906:
1857:23 May
1826:23 May
1792:
1726:23 May
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1675:23 May
1642:23 May
1572:23 May
1516:
1484:24 May
1370:17 May
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1289:
1205:Yakima
1132:, but
1041:, and
892:Yakama
615:Leschi
520:agent
408:Yakama
140:Cayuse
124:Yakama
111:
87:Result
1478:(PDF)
1287:JSTOR
1102:near
1012:posse
1000:canoe
1904:ISBN
1859:2014
1828:2014
1790:ISBN
1728:2014
1696:ISBN
1677:2014
1644:2014
1596:2013
1574:2014
1514:ISBN
1486:2014
1401:link
1372:2014
1345:link
1310:ISBN
902:and
840:and
800:1856
617:, a
410:, a
390:The
63:Date
1053:or
398:or
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1818:.
1804:^
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
