116:
1302:
The federal police's operations destroyed 250 miner camps (many already deserted) and 70 dredging rafts, as well as seized about 4,500 litres (1,200 US gal) of fuel and 1.2 kilograms (2.6 lb) of gold. Most of the miners fled before the police eviction operation, but police still apprehended at least 805 miners and 94 boats. They were released in favor of seizing or blocking the resources of those funding the illegal mining and dismantling a network amongst the mining camps that trafficked underage girls. Police are seeking international cooperation to use electronic tax receipts and develop technology that uses
190:
1204:
nor necessarily bound to a current authority which means that even if
Bolsonaro and other officials leave the government they can still stand trial. In 2020, prosecutors from the International Criminal Court said the complaint is formally under preliminary investigation, a first against a Brazilian
316:. Additionally, government funds allocated to transport doctors and nurses to the region during the Bolsonaro administration were directed to transportation companies owned by illegal miners, who were also reportedly tipped off about police raids and operations hours or days before they took place.
1309:
Ferries and power generators were seized and destroyed by the
Brazilian military and police in September 2023. As of that month illegal mining had been 78,51% down from the previous year according to a report by the Brazilian federal government. Small grocery chains located in northern Brazil were
1301:
As of March 21, 2023, the environment and Amazon department of the federal police of Brazil removed almost all of the illegal gold miners within the
Yanomami territory. The percentage of the miners removed was estimated to be 85% by the head of the local indigenous health council, Junior Hekurari.
148:
Government neglect, agricultural encroachment and illegal activities affecting the area preceded the creation of the
Yanomami reserve in 1992. The first contacts between the Yanomami indigenous peoples and white men intermittently happened between the 1910s and 1940s; in the following two decades,
1179:
authorized a probe into the handling of the humanitarian crisis by former
Bolsonaro government officials as well as into whether genocide has been committed. Investigators were also empowered to gather evidence of the disappearance of illegal aircraft used by miners and seized by the police, and
346:
that aimed to connect among other things 19,000 Brazilian schools in rural areas. As of
September 2022, however, only 3 schools in the region had been covered by the Starlink's internet service, while its equipment had been traded among illegal miners since November 2022, with the first Yanomami
1219:
filed another criminal proceeding against
Bolsonaro and other officials in the International Criminal Court for, among other things, failing to manage the Covid-19 pandemic in Brazilian indigenous territories, with over 1,100 indigenous people reportedly dying as a result of that alone. The
398:
A report published by
Instituto Socioambiental and co-authored by the Hutukara Yanomami and the Wanasseduume Ye'kwana indigenous associations showed testimonies by indigenous women who said illegal miners offered them food or gold in exchange for sex with them and/or their children. Three
1318:
After a blockade of fuel and food supplies feeding the criminal organizations and a no-fly zone were announced a significant number of illegal miners reportedly gave up on flying and started escaping security forces by land, with some groups trying to cross the border into
1732:
2556:
2015:
2662:
2635:
1985:
1925:
2956:
1895:
1823:
423:-related deaths of the Yanomami people are very scattered and under-reported due to the remoteness of the territory, reports revealed 99 Yanomami children aged 5-year-old or younger died in 2022, of which a third was due to
2586:
266:
Legal mining companies such as M.M. Gold (rebranded from Gana Gold) have also masqueraded illegal activities by faking far more than permitted amounts of gold to be extracted in their concessions, according to a report by
2440:
2169:
135:
took office and immediately were briefed about an escalation of the
Yanomami crisis. Over 20,000 illegal miners were estimated to have invaded and exploited the Yanomami reservation, prompting comparisons with the 1980's
2138:
1800:‘A war society doesn’t see’: the Brazilian force driving out mining gangs from Indigenous lands: An elite unit is on a mission to expel the illegal miners who devastated Yanomami territory during Bolsonaro’s presidency
1724:
2470:
2335:
1865:
475:
including meals for indigenous children were sent and distributed into the
Yanomami territory. Over a thousand indigenous people in severe health conditions had been rescued from the reservation, as of January 2023.
2108:
2048:
347:
community only receiving it in late January 2023. Despite Starlink's ban on device resales, the company did not contact Brazilian authorities to suspend its service for miners or take any legal action against them.
2843:
2230:
1266:
2783:
1701:
2200:
2548:
2007:
1310:
found to be supplying food to illegal gold miners operating in the Brazilian-Venezuelan border. They would be paid via transactions with legal mining companies who laundered illegally-extracted gold ore.
1245:
The federal government announced several measures to disband and remove the criminal networks operating in the region from the Yanomami territory, including heavy security and medical staff deployment;
2078:
115:
2874:
2365:
634:
2260:
1671:
1527:
2813:
2922:
1298:
371.06 million) frozen from suspects of operating an international smuggling ring that sent some 13 tonnes of illegally-mined gold into Italy, Switzerland, China and the United Arab Emirates.
1339:, and those who could not afford to take a flight were either trying to leave the reservation by boat or remained stranded as their food supplies ran out, according to reports and insiders.
1977:
1955:
1917:
1376:
2948:
2752:
2522:
3019:
2500:
2396:
1887:
1151:
2896:
1641:
1815:
1406:
2722:
2578:
2432:
2161:
443:
On January 21, 2023, the Brazilian Health Ministry declared a medical emergency in the indigenous territory. On the same day, a trip to the territory located in the northernmost
2608:
1611:
1437:
650:
2130:
2462:
2327:
1857:
2100:
2040:
1467:
2835:
411:
against Yanomami children. As of February 2023, at least 30 girls and teenagers are pregnant due to rapes by miners, according to reports from an indigenous association.
2688:
2291:
2222:
1497:
2418:
354:
had also been sold in the black market in the region, and local indigenous leaders said internet access crucially enabled illegal miners to scale up their activities.
308:
from 2019 to 2023. According to indigenous leaders in the Yanomami territory the NGO has not worked in the region since it started receiving Bolsonaro administration
2775:
1693:
2313:
1580:
2192:
1799:
1255:
1558:
3044:
2070:
1144:
3059:
768:
2866:
2357:
1214:
906:
169:
emerged linked to the decimation of entire Yanomami communities. Ever since, the region has suffered from being a hotspot for illegal activities, notably
1786:
706:
2252:
1761:
1663:
1519:
2805:
699:
538:
1549:
Peres, João PeresMarcos Hermanson PomarTatiana MerlinoJoão; Pomar, Marcos Hermanson; de 2022, Tatiana Merlino18 de Outubro; 9h07 (October 18, 2022).
694:
672:
1947:
1368:
1137:
955:
684:
488:
263:. The failure has reportedly emboldened some 20,000 illegal miners to further exploit indigenous territories including the Yanomami reservation.
228:
Additionally, Rodrigo Martins de Mello, a pro-Bolsonaro businessman, was charged with operating under an "irregular license" and heading another
2744:
3049:
524:
2492:
2388:
3064:
3034:
2999:
1633:
543:
1398:
2989:
1269:
launched a massive operation to retake the Yanomami reservation from criminals which included seizing guns, boats and fuel, and destroying
2714:
3024:
2984:
1844:
847:
731:
997:
578:
558:
1595:
1429:
3004:
73:
1228:
against a president and was appointed by Bolsonaro, has been failing to investigate him and his government handling of the crisis.
1459:
1118:
721:
1209:
1071:
950:
931:
852:
154:
128:
93:
2283:
1489:
1054:
496:
400:
249:, authorized a convicted drug dealer to run a gold mining project in the Yanomami region. On January 27, Brazilian newspaper
57:
362:
Medical officials working in the Roraima state where the Yanomami reservation is located have noted a "total lack of proper
201:
A network of politicians, local public servants, farmers, business people and companies was organized to illegally exploit
3054:
3039:
711:
305:
194:
69:
386:, has been eradicated in the entire Brazilian territory except for the Yanomami reservation, where it still represents a
3014:
1193:
660:
132:
120:
53:
2994:
2008:"Plano do Ibama para tirar garimpeiros de terra ianomâmi em seis meses não foi aplicado no governo Bolsonaro, diz MPF"
1113:
960:
1550:
1348:
859:
807:
403:
have also been reported among Yanomami people. Additionally, the federal government opened probes into reports of
1285:
351:
1281:
1002:
602:
553:
1172:
meant to Yanomami patients went missing and was reportedly diverted to illegal miners who have since sold it.
282:. Cryptocurrencies have been also used to launder criminal activity and transfer financial assets to stooges.
1200:
and promoting systemic attacks against indigenous peoples of Brazil". Such crimes are neither covered by any
3029:
1754:
1169:
1088:
1066:
886:
797:
1201:
645:
464:
256:
2923:"PF mira suspeitos de movimentar quase R$ 6 bilhões em contrabando de ouro e garimpo na Terra Yanomami"
1176:
896:
881:
371:
229:
1280:
As of February 6, 2023, 42 helicopters and jets were seized and 28 more were already destroyed by the
1332:
1123:
817:
741:
716:
655:
343:
301:
274:
246:
2949:"Garimpo na terra yanomami vive inflação no preço de voo clandestino e busca de fuga a país vizinho"
1180:
illegal disclosures of police raids to benefit illegal miners, among other actions or lack thereof.
926:
869:
802:
780:
756:
751:
726:
614:
548:
529:
61:
2609:"Bolsonaro é denunciado a tribunal internacional por "ataques contra índios" [28/11/2019]"
2523:"Mais de mil indígenas Yanomami em estado grave foram resgatados nos últimos dias, diz secretário"
330:
report in February 2023 revealed illegal miners operating in the Yanomami territory had access to
1816:"Garimpo na terra yanomami usa pistas em dezenas de fazendas e envolve agentes políticos, diz PF"
1225:
1012:
891:
589:
468:
408:
366:
in the region" adding that malaria-infected indigenous patients have rapidly evolved into severe
309:
218:
2663:"Ação contra Bolsonaro avança em Haia, e indígenas vão denunciá-lo por genocídio e por ecocídio"
2636:"Ação contra Bolsonaro avança em Haia, e indígenas vão denunciá-lo por genocídio e por ecocídio"
2549:"Fiocruz relata que remédios para malária destinado a Yanomami foram desviados para garimpeiros"
2041:"Internet de Elon Musk é vendida a garimpeiros da terra Yanomami por compradores de ouro ilegal"
456:
76:
by individuals and companies with state approval, and have been frequently said to constitute a
3009:
2897:"Operação prende garimpeiros e destrói balsas e geradores usados em garimpo na Terra Yanomami"
2412:
2307:
1780:
1603:
1574:
1049:
1044:
827:
812:
785:
533:
472:
448:
432:
379:
174:
2806:"Operação destrói avião, trator e apreende combustível de garimpeiros no território Yanomami"
2776:"Lula autoriza controle do espaço aéreo de território Yanomami e abertura de postos da Funai"
1551:"Em áudio, militares na Funai prometem atropelar Ibama e liberar garimpo em terras indígenas"
72:. Such events reportedly started or were aggravated from 2019 on as a consequence of rampant
1978:"Como Bolsonaro gastou os recursos da saúde indígena? ONG evangélica ganhou R$ 872 milhões"
1274:
1270:
1019:
864:
519:
420:
404:
237:
210:
97:
2193:"Governo Federal apura adoções ilegais e exploração sexual infantil em território Yanomami"
1254:
and garment items to the affected communities and the (re)opening of the indigenous agency
1918:"Seis meses depois, Banco Central não criou grupo de trabalho para combater o ouro ilegal"
1232:
1093:
1061:
939:
583:
383:
260:
127:
In January 2023, following the end of Bolsonaro's administration due to his defeat in the
109:
1888:"Heleno autorizou condenada por tráfico a explorar garimpo em área vizinha aos yanomamis"
901:
2689:"Jamil Chade - Em Haia, denúncia contra Bolsonaro ganha força e mobiliza investigadores"
2433:"Hospital de campanha para atender indígenas Yanomami começa a ser montado em Boa Vista"
1237:
reported that the complaints have been advancing inside the Court's prosecution office.
1858:"Empresário bolsonarista é denunciado sob suspeita de chefiar garimpo em área yanomami"
1328:
1303:
1290:
1189:
1024:
945:
773:
761:
736:
460:
452:
387:
375:
326:
297:
242:
170:
166:
105:
101:
96:
and taking office under his pledge to loosen environmental policies, especially in the
2978:
2101:"Yanomamis têm danos severos no fígado por malária e enfrentam falta de medicamentos"
1077:
965:
339:
2463:"Hospital de Campanha para atender Yanomami doentes começa a funcionar em Boa Vista"
157:
in the area in the 1970s, during which the first reports of epidemics especially of
2328:"Morte, fome e destruição: conflito histórico dos Yanomami contra o garimpo ilegal"
1694:"Opinião - Publicação já apontava risco de genocídio yanomami por gestão Bolsonaro"
1369:"Amazon gold miners invade indigenous village in Brazil after its leader is killed"
1251:
1221:
992:
428:
367:
335:
137:
65:
459:
to announce a federal aid package to the region and the Yanomami. On January 24 a
447:
state was made by Lula and top government officials including the Health minister
2836:"Justiça bloqueia R$ 2 bilhões de quadrilha que contrabandeava ouro da Amazônia"
2131:"Ministério da Saúde quer eliminar hanseníase e outras doenças ligadas à pobreza"
221:). Some of the gold extracted has been taken to Venezuela and French Guyana, and
46:
mass deaths, famine, forced displacements and other major human rights violations
2162:"Garimpeiros prometem comida, perfume e ouro para abusarem de meninas ianomâmis"
1259:
1247:
1192:
was sued by the Arns Commission and the Human Rights Advocacy collective in the
874:
822:
596:
363:
206:
189:
217:
were built in dozens of nearby and even distant rural properties (as far as in
2358:"Brazil declares emergency over deaths of Yanomami children from malnutrition"
1948:"Raids reveal how illegal gold from Indigenous lands gets laundered in Brazil"
791:
746:
665:
313:
150:
1607:
2579:"STF manda investigar autoridades da gestão Bolsonaro por suposto genocídio"
1320:
1007:
424:
374:, one of the four species of protozoa capable of causing malaria in humans.
338:, after Starlink announced in May 2022 it was expanding its coverage to the
158:
1490:"Povos indígenas, genocídio e a sequência de omissões do governo Bolsonaro"
2867:"Brazil evicts miners from Yanomami territory, prepares for more removals"
2745:"Com decreto, Lula autoriza megaoperação de socorro aos ianomâmis | Radar"
2071:"Brazil announces partnership with Elon Musk to connect Amazon rainforest"
1520:"Evidence of 'genocide' among Brazil's indigenous Yanomami, says minister"
1399:"Yanomami Amazon reserve invaded by 20,000 miners; Bolsonaro fails to act"
399:
13-year-olds reportedly died after being raped by illegal miners in 2020.
1634:"Brazil to open indigenous reserves to mining without indigenous consent"
1197:
971:
427:, and from 2019 to 2023 a total of 570 Yanomami children died because of
331:
269:
222:
81:
77:
2389:"Lula viaja a Roraima neste sábado (21) para visitar indígenas Yanomami"
123:
announces emergency measures to tackle the Yanomami humanitarian crisis.
112:
nationwide, and effectively dismantled environment protection agencies.
1845:
Empresário usa licença irregular para explorar garimpo em área yanomami
1165:
689:
619:
514:
444:
292:
251:
162:
1306:
to determine whether gold on the market came from Yanomami territory.
2223:"Relatos apontam 30 casos de jovens yanomami grávidas de garimpeiros"
1664:"Lula e ministros desembarcam em Roraima para dar apoio aos Yanomami"
1324:
214:
178:
1596:"Jair Bolsonaro, on Day 1, Undermines Indigenous Brazilians' Rights"
1273:, a helicopter and a jet. The agency also set up an outpost on the
1336:
1277:
to stop new supplies from reaching the illegal miners downstream.
1196:, of which Brazil is a member since 2002, for allegedly "inciting
1083:
609:
1725:"Com promessa de legalização, garimpo explodiu na terra yanomami"
1220:
association also cited reports that Brazilian General Prosecutor
153:
in the region, road construction work and mining projects by the
1460:"Debatedores apontam risco de genocídio dos Yanomami - Notícias"
202:
1327:. Individual flight tickets were reported to be costing 15,000
16:
Ongoing humanitarian crisis in the Yanomami territory in Brazil
1295:
1224:, who is the only authority in Brazil legally allowed to open
304:
171 million) from the federal budget to an opaque evangelical
1168:
warned government officials that a batch of the malaria drug
2284:"33% das mortes de crianças yanomamis foram por pneumonia"
463:
run by the federal government started being set up by the
213:
the criminal activities in the Yanomami territory. Hidden
1810:
1808:
290:
On January 24, 2023, two reports by Brazilian newspaper
2715:"Brazilian army deploys to protect Indigenous Yanomami"
2493:"Governo envia 4 toneladas de alimentos para Ianomâmis"
2253:"Quase 100 crianças do povo Yanomami morreram em 2022"
1430:"Mães Yanomami imploram pelos corpos de seus bebês"
1164:On January 18, Brazilian leading medical institute
42:
34:
26:
2865:Boadle, Anthony; Brito, Ricardo (March 22, 2023).
1284:. On February 15, a joint police, prosecutors and
131:, new government officials appointed by President
296:detailed that the Bolsonaro government allocated
3020:Genocide of indigenous peoples of South America
334:'s internet via highly inflated prices in the
225:and depots have also been used in the scheme.
104:repealed several presidential decrees banning
2929:(in Brazilian Portuguese). September 20, 2023
2903:(in Brazilian Portuguese). September 16, 2023
1210:Brazilian indigenous peoples association APIB
1145:
8:
2417:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
1265:On February 8, Brazilian environment agency
241:reported that Brazilian former army general
21:
2529:(in Brazilian Portuguese). January 24, 2023
2312:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
1579:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
1152:
1138:
483:
20:
1847:, amazonasatual.com.br, December 28, 2022
1802:, Tom Phillips, The Guardian, 28 Feb 2023
235:On January 16, 2023, Brazilian newspaper
1258:outposts in the region. Additionally, a
471:and opened three days later. Some 5,000
394:Sexual abuse, rape and illegal adoptions
188:
114:
1360:
956:Population transfer in the Soviet Union
506:
495:
370:after multiple untreated infections by
2846:from the original on February 15, 2023
2410:
2305:
2081:from the original on February 22, 2023
2051:from the original on February 22, 2023
1785:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
1778:
1572:
2959:from the original on February 5, 2023
2816:from the original on February 8, 2023
2786:from the original on February 5, 2023
2755:from the original on February 5, 2023
2725:from the original on February 1, 2023
2589:from the original on February 5, 2023
2559:from the original on February 1, 2023
2503:from the original on February 1, 2023
2473:from the original on February 1, 2023
2443:from the original on February 1, 2023
2399:from the original on January 25, 2023
2368:from the original on January 24, 2023
2338:from the original on January 24, 2023
2294:from the original on January 27, 2023
2263:from the original on January 26, 2023
2233:from the original on February 8, 2023
2203:from the original on February 1, 2023
2172:from the original on February 1, 2023
2160:Andrade, Jéssica (January 31, 2023).
2141:from the original on February 5, 2023
2111:from the original on February 2, 2023
2035:
2033:
2018:from the original on January 28, 2023
1988:from the original on January 27, 2023
1958:from the original on February 5, 2023
1928:from the original on February 5, 2023
1898:from the original on February 1, 2023
1868:from the original on February 8, 2023
1826:from the original on February 8, 2023
1767:from the original on January 29, 2023
1735:from the original on February 8, 2023
1704:from the original on February 8, 2023
1674:from the original on January 25, 2023
1644:from the original on January 25, 2023
1614:from the original on January 25, 2023
1561:from the original on January 25, 2023
1530:from the original on January 25, 2023
1500:from the original on January 25, 2023
1470:from the original on January 25, 2023
1440:from the original on January 25, 2023
350:Internet devices of American company
38:Yanomami Indigenous Territory, Brazil
7:
2842:(in Portuguese). February 15, 2023.
2047:(in Portuguese). February 20, 2023.
1594:Londoño, Ernesto (January 2, 2019).
1262:was established over the territory.
455:and the Indigenous Affairs minister
3045:Displacement of indigenous children
2955:(in Portuguese). February 5, 2023.
2812:(in Portuguese). February 8, 2023.
2555:(in Portuguese). January 30, 2023.
2499:(in Portuguese). January 23, 2023.
2469:(in Portuguese). January 27, 2023.
2439:(in Portuguese). January 25, 2023.
2229:(in Portuguese). February 2, 2023.
2137:(in Portuguese). January 21, 2023.
2107:(in Portuguese). February 1, 2023.
2014:(in Portuguese). January 24, 2023.
1984:(in Portuguese). January 24, 2023.
1924:(in Portuguese). January 27, 2023.
1894:(in Portuguese). January 16, 2023.
1864:(in Portuguese). December 2, 2022.
1822:(in Portuguese). February 6, 2023.
1670:(in Portuguese). January 21, 2023.
1409:from the original on August 2, 2019
695:Pacific Northwest smallpox epidemic
312:, raising suspicions of widespread
177:of several tribespeople, including
3060:21st-century mass murder in Brazil
2877:from the original on April 1, 2023
1379:from the original on March 7, 2023
1184:International Criminal Court probe
579:Atrocities in the Congo Free State
14:
74:exploitation of natural resources
2661:Oliveira, Joana (July 1, 2021).
2634:Oliveira, Joana (July 1, 2021).
2387:Amaral, Eduardo Hahon, Luciana.
1119:Bibliography of genocide studies
722:American Indian boarding schools
129:2022 Brazilian general elections
94:2018 Brazilian general elections
966:Swedification of Sámi and Finns
401:Sexually transmitted infections
149:such contacts increased due to
1464:Portal da Câmara dos Deputados
1428:Brum, Eliane (June 24, 2020).
732:Great Plains smallpox epidemic
245:, a former minister under the
232:operating in the reservation.
1:
3050:Human rights abuses in Brazil
2282:Poder360 (January 23, 2023).
907:Vietnamese conquest of Champa
712:Genocide in the United States
306:non-governmental organisation
195:Yanomami indigenous territory
70:Yanomami Indigenous Territory
3065:Presidency of Jair Bolsonaro
3035:Child sexual abuse in Brazil
3000:Indigenous culture in Brazil
1231:In 2023 Brazil news website
1194:International Criminal Court
951:Norwegianization of the Sámi
678:Yanomami humanitarian crisis
661:Forced sterilization in Peru
68:took place in the Brazilian
54:presidency of Jair Bolsonaro
22:Yanomami humanitarian crisis
2990:2020s in Brazilian politics
1952:Mongabay Environmental News
1638:Mongabay Environmental News
1403:Mongabay Environmental News
1114:Outline of genocide studies
1057: Canary Islands
961:Russian conquest of Siberia
860:Cultural genocide in Taiwan
841:East, South, Southeast Asia
300:872 million (approximately
92:After being elected in the
3081:
3025:Health disasters in Brazil
2985:2019 in Brazilian politics
1349:List of scandals in Brazil
2695:(in Brazilian Portuguese)
2669:(in Brazilian Portuguese)
2642:(in Brazilian Portuguese)
2615:(in Brazilian Portuguese)
1286:Federal Revenue of Brazil
133:Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva
121:Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva
56:(2019–2023), a series of
3005:Social history of Brazil
1288:auditors task force had
1282:Brazilian Federal Police
1175:On January 30, Brazil's
1038:West Asia / North Africa
1003:Australian frontier wars
877: of Hokkaido
259:failed to crack down on
185:Illegal mining logistics
1323:and relatively distant
1089:Western Sahara conflict
1074: accusation
1067:Pacification of Algeria
934: of Ireland
808:Occupation of Araucanía
798:Massacre of Salsipuedes
451:, the Justice minister
100:region, then president
66:human rights violations
1202:statute of limitations
853:Chittagong Hill Tracts
646:Conquest of the Desert
342:in a project with the
257:Brazilian Central Bank
198:
140:, also in the Amazon.
138:Serra Pelada gold rush
124:
1177:Supreme Federal Court
998:Genocide in Australia
920:Europe and North Asia
897:Sinicization of Tibet
882:Lamey Island Massacre
855: conflict
769:Genocide in Venezuela
605: genocide
500:of indigenous peoples
467:in Roraima's capital
372:Plasmodium falciparum
230:criminal organization
192:
118:
3055:Corruption in Brazil
3040:21st-century famines
2721:. February 1, 2023.
2364:. January 22, 2023.
2191:Meirelles, Matheus.
1555:The Intercept Brasil
1526:. January 23, 2023.
1226:criminal proceedings
1124:Genocides in history
1072:Palestinian genocide
932:Cromwellian conquest
742:Osage Indian murders
717:American Indian Wars
707:Genocide in Paraguay
656:Fall of Tenochtitlan
419:Though estimates of
358:Health complications
344:Bolsonaro government
247:Bolsonaro government
62:forced displacements
3015:Humanitarian crises
2840:www.band.uol.com.br
2693:noticias.uol.com.br
2613:noticias.uol.com.br
2583:noticias.uol.com.br
2257:noticias.uol.com.br
1954:. August 29, 2022.
927:Circassian genocide
875:Japanese annexation
870:East Timor genocide
781:Guatemalan genocide
757:Sullivan Expedition
752:Sand Creek massacre
727:California genocide
700:Residential schools
615:Maji Maji Rebellion
559:Indigenous response
549:Settler colonialism
530:Forced assimilation
473:emergency food kits
223:refinery facilities
23:
2995:History of Roraima
1640:. March 14, 2019.
1600:The New York Times
1494:Consultor Jurídico
1013:Stolen Generations
892:Ryukyu Disposition
848:Bandanese massacre
690:Beothuk extinction
685:Genocide in Canada
673:Genocide in Brazil
590:Effacer le tableau
572:Sub-Saharan Africa
465:Brazilian military
255:reported that the
238:Folha de São Paulo
199:
151:religious missions
125:
2782:(in Portuguese).
2751:(in Portuguese).
2585:(in Portuguese).
2395:(in Portuguese).
2334:(in Portuguese).
2290:(in Portuguese).
2259:(in Portuguese).
2199:(in Portuguese).
2168:(in Portuguese).
1731:(in Portuguese).
1700:(in Portuguese).
1668:Congresso em Foco
1557:(in Portuguese).
1496:(in Portuguese).
1466:(in Portuguese).
1436:(in Portuguese).
1405:. July 12, 2019.
1375:. July 28, 2019.
1162:
1161:
1050:Bar Kokhba revolt
1045:Armenian genocide
818:Selk'nam genocide
813:Putumayo genocide
786:Kalinago genocide
433:mercury poisoning
405:illegal adoptions
380:parasitic disease
175:mercury poisoning
50:
49:
3072:
2969:
2968:
2966:
2964:
2953:Folha de S.Paulo
2945:
2939:
2938:
2936:
2934:
2919:
2913:
2912:
2910:
2908:
2893:
2887:
2886:
2884:
2882:
2862:
2856:
2855:
2853:
2851:
2832:
2826:
2825:
2823:
2821:
2802:
2796:
2795:
2793:
2791:
2771:
2765:
2764:
2762:
2760:
2741:
2735:
2734:
2732:
2730:
2711:
2705:
2704:
2702:
2700:
2685:
2679:
2678:
2676:
2674:
2658:
2652:
2651:
2649:
2647:
2631:
2625:
2624:
2622:
2620:
2605:
2599:
2598:
2596:
2594:
2575:
2569:
2568:
2566:
2564:
2545:
2539:
2538:
2536:
2534:
2519:
2513:
2512:
2510:
2508:
2489:
2483:
2482:
2480:
2478:
2459:
2453:
2452:
2450:
2448:
2429:
2423:
2422:
2416:
2408:
2406:
2404:
2384:
2378:
2377:
2375:
2373:
2354:
2348:
2347:
2345:
2343:
2324:
2318:
2317:
2311:
2303:
2301:
2299:
2279:
2273:
2272:
2270:
2268:
2249:
2243:
2242:
2240:
2238:
2219:
2213:
2212:
2210:
2208:
2188:
2182:
2181:
2179:
2177:
2157:
2151:
2150:
2148:
2146:
2135:Folha de S.Paulo
2127:
2121:
2120:
2118:
2116:
2105:Folha de S.Paulo
2097:
2091:
2090:
2088:
2086:
2067:
2061:
2060:
2058:
2056:
2037:
2028:
2027:
2025:
2023:
2004:
1998:
1997:
1995:
1993:
1974:
1968:
1967:
1965:
1963:
1944:
1938:
1937:
1935:
1933:
1914:
1908:
1907:
1905:
1903:
1892:Folha de S.Paulo
1884:
1878:
1877:
1875:
1873:
1862:Folha de S.Paulo
1854:
1848:
1842:
1836:
1835:
1833:
1831:
1820:Folha de S.Paulo
1812:
1803:
1797:
1791:
1790:
1784:
1776:
1774:
1772:
1766:
1759:
1751:
1745:
1744:
1742:
1740:
1720:
1714:
1713:
1711:
1709:
1690:
1684:
1683:
1681:
1679:
1660:
1654:
1653:
1651:
1649:
1630:
1624:
1623:
1621:
1619:
1591:
1585:
1584:
1578:
1570:
1568:
1566:
1546:
1540:
1539:
1537:
1535:
1516:
1510:
1509:
1507:
1505:
1486:
1480:
1479:
1477:
1475:
1456:
1450:
1449:
1447:
1445:
1425:
1419:
1418:
1416:
1414:
1395:
1389:
1388:
1386:
1384:
1365:
1293:
1275:Uraricoera river
1271:mining equipment
1218:
1154:
1147:
1140:
1073:
1056:
1020:Moriori genocide
933:
876:
865:Dzungar genocide
854:
803:Napalpí massacre
637:
604:
525:Ethnic relations
520:Ethnic cleansing
501:
484:
421:overexploitation
98:Brazilian Amazon
64:and other major
24:
3080:
3079:
3075:
3074:
3073:
3071:
3070:
3069:
2975:
2974:
2973:
2972:
2962:
2960:
2947:
2946:
2942:
2932:
2930:
2921:
2920:
2916:
2906:
2904:
2895:
2894:
2890:
2880:
2878:
2864:
2863:
2859:
2849:
2847:
2834:
2833:
2829:
2819:
2817:
2804:
2803:
2799:
2789:
2787:
2774:Silva, Brenda.
2773:
2772:
2768:
2758:
2756:
2743:
2742:
2738:
2728:
2726:
2713:
2712:
2708:
2698:
2696:
2687:
2686:
2682:
2672:
2670:
2660:
2659:
2655:
2645:
2643:
2633:
2632:
2628:
2618:
2616:
2607:
2606:
2602:
2592:
2590:
2577:
2576:
2572:
2562:
2560:
2547:
2546:
2542:
2532:
2530:
2521:
2520:
2516:
2506:
2504:
2491:
2490:
2486:
2476:
2474:
2461:
2460:
2456:
2446:
2444:
2431:
2430:
2426:
2409:
2402:
2400:
2386:
2385:
2381:
2371:
2369:
2356:
2355:
2351:
2341:
2339:
2326:
2325:
2321:
2304:
2297:
2295:
2281:
2280:
2276:
2266:
2264:
2251:
2250:
2246:
2236:
2234:
2221:
2220:
2216:
2206:
2204:
2190:
2189:
2185:
2175:
2173:
2159:
2158:
2154:
2144:
2142:
2129:
2128:
2124:
2114:
2112:
2099:
2098:
2094:
2084:
2082:
2069:
2068:
2064:
2054:
2052:
2039:
2038:
2031:
2021:
2019:
2006:
2005:
2001:
1991:
1989:
1976:
1975:
1971:
1961:
1959:
1946:
1945:
1941:
1931:
1929:
1916:
1915:
1911:
1901:
1899:
1886:
1885:
1881:
1871:
1869:
1856:
1855:
1851:
1843:
1839:
1829:
1827:
1814:
1813:
1806:
1798:
1794:
1777:
1770:
1768:
1764:
1757:
1755:"Archived copy"
1753:
1752:
1748:
1738:
1736:
1722:
1721:
1717:
1707:
1705:
1692:
1691:
1687:
1677:
1675:
1662:
1661:
1657:
1647:
1645:
1632:
1631:
1627:
1617:
1615:
1593:
1592:
1588:
1571:
1564:
1562:
1548:
1547:
1543:
1533:
1531:
1518:
1517:
1513:
1503:
1501:
1488:
1487:
1483:
1473:
1471:
1458:
1457:
1453:
1443:
1441:
1427:
1426:
1422:
1412:
1410:
1397:
1396:
1392:
1382:
1380:
1367:
1366:
1362:
1357:
1345:
1316:
1289:
1243:
1212:
1186:
1158:
1129:
1128:
1109:
1108:
1099:
1098:
1094:Yazidi genocide
1062:Libyan genocide
1055:Conquest of the
1040:
1039:
1030:
1029:
988:
987:
978:
977:
940:Generalplan Ost
922:
921:
912:
911:
843:
842:
833:
832:
641:
640:
635:
625:
624:
603:Herero and Nama
584:Darfur genocide
574:
573:
499:
497:
482:
457:Sônia Guajajara
441:
417:
396:
384:extreme poverty
360:
322:
288:
261:gold laundering
187:
155:military regime
146:
110:illegal logging
90:
82:Yanomami people
17:
12:
11:
5:
3078:
3076:
3068:
3067:
3062:
3057:
3052:
3047:
3042:
3037:
3032:
3030:Rape in Brazil
3027:
3022:
3017:
3012:
3007:
3002:
2997:
2992:
2987:
2977:
2976:
2971:
2970:
2940:
2914:
2888:
2857:
2827:
2797:
2766:
2736:
2706:
2680:
2667:El País Brasil
2653:
2640:El País Brasil
2626:
2600:
2570:
2540:
2514:
2484:
2454:
2424:
2379:
2349:
2319:
2274:
2244:
2227:Agência Brasil
2214:
2183:
2152:
2122:
2092:
2062:
2029:
1999:
1969:
1939:
1909:
1879:
1849:
1837:
1804:
1792:
1746:
1723:tatianafarah.
1715:
1698:www.uol.com.br
1685:
1655:
1625:
1586:
1541:
1511:
1481:
1451:
1434:El País Brasil
1420:
1390:
1359:
1358:
1356:
1353:
1352:
1351:
1344:
1341:
1337:military siege
1331:(nearly 3,000
1315:
1312:
1304:radio isotopes
1252:water supplies
1242:
1239:
1208:In July 2021,
1190:Jair Bolsonaro
1185:
1182:
1160:
1159:
1157:
1156:
1149:
1142:
1134:
1131:
1130:
1127:
1126:
1121:
1116:
1110:
1107:Related topics
1106:
1105:
1104:
1101:
1100:
1097:
1096:
1091:
1086:
1081:
1069:
1064:
1059:
1052:
1047:
1041:
1037:
1036:
1035:
1032:
1031:
1028:
1027:
1025:Papua conflict
1022:
1017:
1016:
1015:
1010:
1005:
995:
989:
985:
984:
983:
980:
979:
976:
975:
968:
963:
958:
953:
948:
946:Greek genocide
943:
936:
929:
923:
919:
918:
917:
914:
913:
910:
909:
904:
899:
894:
889:
884:
879:
872:
867:
862:
857:
850:
844:
840:
839:
838:
835:
834:
831:
830:
828:Taíno genocide
825:
820:
815:
810:
805:
800:
795:
788:
783:
778:
777:
776:
774:Pemon conflict
766:
765:
764:
762:Trail of Tears
759:
754:
749:
744:
739:
737:Indian removal
734:
729:
724:
719:
709:
704:
703:
702:
697:
692:
682:
681:
680:
670:
669:
668:
658:
653:
648:
642:
632:
631:
630:
627:
626:
623:
622:
617:
612:
607:
600:
593:
586:
581:
575:
571:
570:
569:
566:
565:
564:
563:
562:
561:
556:
546:
544:Historiography
541:
536:
527:
522:
517:
509:
508:
504:
503:
493:
492:
481:
480:Investigations
478:
461:field hospital
449:Nísia Trindade
440:
437:
416:
413:
395:
392:
388:disease burden
376:Onchocerciasis
359:
356:
327:Brasil de Fato
321:
320:Communications
318:
287:
284:
243:Augusto Heleno
209:as well as to
186:
183:
171:illegal mining
167:whooping cough
145:
142:
106:illegal mining
102:Jair Bolsonaro
89:
86:
48:
47:
44:
40:
39:
36:
32:
31:
28:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3077:
3066:
3063:
3061:
3058:
3056:
3053:
3051:
3048:
3046:
3043:
3041:
3038:
3036:
3033:
3031:
3028:
3026:
3023:
3021:
3018:
3016:
3013:
3011:
3008:
3006:
3003:
3001:
2998:
2996:
2993:
2991:
2988:
2986:
2983:
2982:
2980:
2958:
2954:
2950:
2944:
2941:
2928:
2924:
2918:
2915:
2902:
2898:
2892:
2889:
2876:
2872:
2868:
2861:
2858:
2845:
2841:
2837:
2831:
2828:
2815:
2811:
2807:
2801:
2798:
2785:
2781:
2777:
2770:
2767:
2754:
2750:
2746:
2740:
2737:
2724:
2720:
2716:
2710:
2707:
2694:
2690:
2684:
2681:
2668:
2664:
2657:
2654:
2641:
2637:
2630:
2627:
2614:
2610:
2604:
2601:
2588:
2584:
2580:
2574:
2571:
2558:
2554:
2550:
2544:
2541:
2528:
2524:
2518:
2515:
2502:
2498:
2494:
2488:
2485:
2472:
2468:
2464:
2458:
2455:
2442:
2438:
2434:
2428:
2425:
2420:
2414:
2398:
2394:
2390:
2383:
2380:
2367:
2363:
2359:
2353:
2350:
2337:
2333:
2329:
2323:
2320:
2315:
2309:
2293:
2289:
2285:
2278:
2275:
2262:
2258:
2254:
2248:
2245:
2232:
2228:
2224:
2218:
2215:
2202:
2198:
2194:
2187:
2184:
2171:
2167:
2163:
2156:
2153:
2140:
2136:
2132:
2126:
2123:
2110:
2106:
2102:
2096:
2093:
2080:
2076:
2072:
2066:
2063:
2050:
2046:
2042:
2036:
2034:
2030:
2017:
2013:
2009:
2003:
2000:
1987:
1983:
1979:
1973:
1970:
1957:
1953:
1949:
1943:
1940:
1927:
1923:
1919:
1913:
1910:
1897:
1893:
1889:
1883:
1880:
1867:
1863:
1859:
1853:
1850:
1846:
1841:
1838:
1825:
1821:
1817:
1811:
1809:
1805:
1801:
1796:
1793:
1788:
1782:
1763:
1756:
1750:
1747:
1734:
1730:
1726:
1719:
1716:
1703:
1699:
1695:
1689:
1686:
1673:
1669:
1665:
1659:
1656:
1643:
1639:
1635:
1629:
1626:
1613:
1609:
1605:
1601:
1597:
1590:
1587:
1582:
1576:
1560:
1556:
1552:
1545:
1542:
1529:
1525:
1521:
1515:
1512:
1499:
1495:
1491:
1485:
1482:
1469:
1465:
1461:
1455:
1452:
1439:
1435:
1431:
1424:
1421:
1408:
1404:
1400:
1394:
1391:
1378:
1374:
1370:
1364:
1361:
1354:
1350:
1347:
1346:
1342:
1340:
1338:
1335:) due to the
1334:
1330:
1326:
1322:
1313:
1311:
1307:
1305:
1299:
1297:
1292:
1287:
1283:
1278:
1276:
1272:
1268:
1263:
1261:
1257:
1253:
1249:
1240:
1238:
1236:
1235:
1229:
1227:
1223:
1216:
1211:
1206:
1203:
1199:
1195:
1191:
1183:
1181:
1178:
1173:
1171:
1167:
1155:
1150:
1148:
1143:
1141:
1136:
1135:
1133:
1132:
1125:
1122:
1120:
1117:
1115:
1112:
1111:
1103:
1102:
1095:
1092:
1090:
1087:
1085:
1082:
1079:
1078:Gaza genocide
1075:
1070:
1068:
1065:
1063:
1060:
1058:
1053:
1051:
1048:
1046:
1043:
1042:
1034:
1033:
1026:
1023:
1021:
1018:
1014:
1011:
1009:
1006:
1004:
1001:
1000:
999:
996:
994:
991:
990:
982:
981:
974:
973:
969:
967:
964:
962:
959:
957:
954:
952:
949:
947:
944:
942:
941:
937:
935:
930:
928:
925:
924:
916:
915:
908:
905:
903:
900:
898:
895:
893:
890:
888:
885:
883:
880:
878:
873:
871:
868:
866:
863:
861:
858:
856:
851:
849:
846:
845:
837:
836:
829:
826:
824:
821:
819:
816:
814:
811:
809:
806:
804:
801:
799:
796:
794:
793:
789:
787:
784:
782:
779:
775:
772:
771:
770:
767:
763:
760:
758:
755:
753:
750:
748:
745:
743:
740:
738:
735:
733:
730:
728:
725:
723:
720:
718:
715:
714:
713:
710:
708:
705:
701:
698:
696:
693:
691:
688:
687:
686:
683:
679:
676:
675:
674:
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