750:
1233:, at the beginning of the year 1749. And his Most Christian Majesty renounces all pretension to the acquisitions which he has made on the coast of Coromandel and Orixa since the said beginning of the year 1749. His Most Christian Majesty shall restore, on his side, all that he may have conquered from Great Britain in the East Indies during the present war; and will expressly cause Nattal and Tapanoully, in the island of Sumatra, to be restored; he engages farther, not to erect fortifications, or to keep troops in any part of the dominions of the Subah of Bengal. And in order to preserve future peace on the coast of Coromandel and Orixa, the English and French shall acknowledge
86:
3061:
1201:(Dans les Indes Orientales La Grande Bretagne restituera à la France, dans l'Etat où ils sont aujourd'hui, les differens Comptoirs, que cette Couronne possedoit tant sur la Côte de Choromandel & d'Orixa, que sur celle de Malabar, ainsi que dans le Bengale, au Commencement de l'Année mil sept cent quarante neuf; Et Sa Majesté Très Chretienne renonce à toute Pretension aux Acquisitions, qu'Elle avoit faites sur la Côte de Choromandel, & d'Orixa, depuis le dit Commencement de l'Année mil sept centquarante neuf.
2866:
343:
1432:(The Factory of Yanam, with its dependencies, having, in pursuance of the said treaty of peace, been delivered up by Mr. William Hamilton, on the part of his Britannic Majesty, to Mr. Peter Paul Martin, on the part of his Most Christian Majesty, the restitution thereof is consumed by the present Convention, in the terms of the instrument bearing date the seventh of March, one thousand seven hundred and eighty five, and signed by Messieurs Hamilton and Martin.).
1678:
rupees for the manuscripts in the library of Majeti
Sarvesalingam. Of the 613 manuscripts in this library, 386 were Sanskrit works, and the others contained works on grammar, spells (mantras), and on medicine. Also, many of Brown's manuscripts and other possessions were kept by Mulupuri Sundara Ramayya in his house at Yanaon. He charged Brown Rs. 2,316 for storage of his manuscripts and possessions and for shipping them to Madras.
103:
3184:. The treaty was ratified by the French parliament in May 1962. On 16 August 1962 (De Jure Day) India and France exchanged the instruments of ratification under which France ceded to India full sovereignty over the territories it held. This treaty also confirmed that France was not responsible for any events after 13 June 1954 in Yanaon and thereby indirectly accepting the liberation of Yanaon.
72:
1428:(La factorerie d'Yanam, avec ses dependances, ayant, en exécution dudit traité de paix , été délivrée par le Sr. Guillaume Hamilton , de la part de S. M. Britannique, au Sr. Pierre- Paul Martin, de la part de S. M. T. C. la restitution en est confirmée par la présente Convention , dans les termes de l'instrument, daté du 7 Mars 1785, et signé par les sieurs Hamilton et Martin)
1615:). All the official records got destroyed. It was said that the force of the wind was such as had never before been witnessed there, and the inroad of the sea was very dreadful. The factory and town suffered a loss of 1,500 inhabitants and could not recover from such a calamity for many years. To understand the scale of the loss, it was mentioned that one house at the nearby
439:, which lie in the coastal regions of the Hyderabad sultanate. The Northern circars are very important as they sway a big influence in the court of Deccan Subah. This Subah is indeed the most important among all other provinces of the Mughal empire in the Indian peninsula. The Mughal Empire considers Deccan as their principal power. In some old records, it was mentioned as
368:
647:. At Injaram, a whopping number of 2000 weavers worked for the Dutch and around 700 for the English. As the textile industry flourished in Godavari districts where the French colony of Yanaon is an enclave, perhaps the Dutch may have made some presence in Yanaon as well. The Dutch factors in Draksharama refer to the villages of Dulla and
1343:(Nélapilly), a neighboring village of Yanam was under the British at that time. It is nearly 3 kilometres away from Yanam. The people in this village also used to hold a fair on Tuesdays. Thus there was a clash of interests between Yanam and Neelapalli. After prolonged correspondence with the English authorities at
2898:, our Motherland, we the elected representatives of this establishment, ardently and unanimously desire the immediate integration and without a referendum of the territory of our establishment with that of the Indian Union to which our territory is tied geographically, economically, ethnically and culturally.
1826:. According to that decree, Conseil locaux (Local councils) were created at each colony. The elected member was called a Conseiller local (Local councilor). Conseil local de Yanaon had a strength of four local councilors. The term of office was 6 years with one-half of membership renewed every three years.
632:
1503:. On 5 June 1790, a Frenchman called De Mars complained about him for the first time. By that time Pondichéry, under the influence of the French Revolution, had already formed the first representative committee. But no action was taken in favor of De Mars either by the Governor or by this committee.
1627:
after observing cyclones, especially at
Coringa which was a busy port before 1839. It was estimated that around 20,000 vessels got destroyed and 3,00,000 people lost their lives in Coringa. A 40-foot tidal wave (storm surge) hit the Coringa port. Aftermath, it was never built and today it remained a
1677:
in 1834, he came to know that one Sri Majeti
Sarvesalingam possessed a collection of old Telugu books. So Brown contacted the then chief de Yanaon, Capitaine de Lesparda, and requested him to arrange a meeting with Sarvesalingam. It seems he collected nearly 300 books and paid one hundred and fifty
1636:
After the French possessions were returned back by the
British to the French after the Napoleonic wars in the early nineteenth century, the matter of these establishments and other minor lodges came into the dialogue between these two Imperial powers thrice; 1857, 1883-5, and April 1914. During the
689:
was resident since 1721 at the French Colony of
Masulipatam and played a major role in the establishment of the French presence in Yanaon. As per the letter dated 24 January 1723 by M. Courton to the Superior Council of French India at Pondichéry, it was mentioned that he purchased some land by the
1207:
Et afin de conserver la Paix future sur la Côte de
Choromandel & d'Orixa, les Anglois & les François reconnoitront Mahomet Ali Khan pour legitime Nabob du Carnate, & Salabat Jing pour legitime Subah de Decan; Et les deux Parties renonceront à toute Demande ou Pretension de Satisfaction
1396:
region. It was also an important center of cotton goods and supplied a large part of the return cargo of the French ships visiting India. A few French citizens in Yanam were fully occupied by these two kinds of profitable business and they had no interest in political and administrative matters
659:
It is not known exactly when the French founded Yanaon before 1723. It was assumed that Yanaon did not exist as a Human settlement before 1706 as that area was densely forested and got ravaged by a severe cyclone in 1706 as narrated by an eye-witness
Gollapoondi Nagichitty (Gollapudi Nagishetty).
3312:
The cession of those loges was just a transfer of some land involving a mere 2000 people or so. However, the cession of the five French establishments did not happen overnight and it was a gradual process that got dragged on until 1962. The only exception was
Chandernagore where a plebiscite was
2007:
A French
Metropolitan Decree, dated 12 March 1880 adopted a six-year term of office for Mayors (Maire), municipal councilors (Conseil Municipaux), and commune panchayats (Communes). Thus French India has seen a French system of municipal administration. In the past, municipal administration was
1342:
The documents of 1765 throw light on a dispute of a weekly market or fair in Yanam. A weekly market used to be held here every
Tuesday (Even now market occurs in Yanam on this Tuesday only). People used to come to it for purchasing all their essential commodities once a week. Neelapalli
1203:
Sa Majeste Très Chretienne restituera, de son Coté, tout ce qu'Elle pourroit avoir conquis sur la Grande Bretagne dans les Indes Orientales pendant la presente Guerre, & fera restituer nommement Natal & Tapanouly dans l'Isle de Sumatra. Elle s'engage de plus à ne point eriger de
1142:
There is again a dearth of information regarding this place from 1753 to 1765. Another important event in history was the war between the French and the English fought at Chandurthi in 1758 in which the French were defeated. Yanam fell into the hands of the British around the same year.
3167:
presented addresses to Pandit Nehru in a public meeting in the maidan of Gorimedu. Nehru assured the people of Pondicherry that the individuality of Pondicherry resulting from the influence of French institutions and culture would be preserved as windows of France and French culture.
2888:
atmosphere prevailing in its people and its leaders. In due course of time due to nationalist struggle by some leaders, conditions became intolerable in Yanam after its mayor and other representatives of Yanam adopted the merger resolution on 29 April 1954. The resolution remarked
933:(grandson of Asaf Jah I). The French sided with the latter and this angered Nasir Jung who ordered his forces in 1750 to capture the French factories located in Masulipatam and Yanaon. In that year, Masulipatam was captured during May and Yanaon was besieged during July.
2903:
Later, the mayor, deputy mayor, and over 200 people took refuge in the adjacent areas of India. Police and hired hoodlums from Yanam assaulted refugees on Indian soil. On 13 June 1954, these people under the guise of civilians marched into Yanam under the leadership of
465:
Apart from the above political reason, the areas in and around Yanaon were very fertile and the textile industry flourished. The English and Dutch also established many colonies in the Circars of Rajamundry and Ellore. In these circars, the English had colonies in
1370:
who sooner or later cannot fail to be dissatisfied with the English'." Although the English gained effective control over the Circars, Yanam enabled the French to enter into secret relations with the local chieftains. Yanam had some commercial importance.
1366:, oils, rice, and other grains both for the men as well as for the animals. A port from commerce, Yanam enjoyed another kind of importance. "The advantages which may be derived in a time of war from the alliances that we the French may conclude with several
1414:
and Masulipatam along with Francepeth was retroceded on 16 March 1785. The 1787 Convention between Great Britain and France on the subject of the French establishments and commerce in India mentions about the restoration of Yanaon factory to the French.
1253:
A document dated 15 May 1765 showed that the villages of Yanam and Kapulapalem (Capouloupalém) with other lands were handed over by Jean white hill and George Dolben, the Englishmen deputed by Mr. Jean Pybus, the head of the English settlement in
737:
As per the letter of Dupleix dated January 1928, Yanaon became so profitless and the future seemed to be dim. Under the pretext of the tyranny of local nawabs and governors, the Superior council in Pondicherry forced then French agents at Yanaon,
3727:"Essai historique, géographique et politique sur l'Indoustan, avec le tableau de son commerce, ce dernier pris dans une année moyenne, depuis 1702 jusqu'en 1770, époque de la suppression du privilège de l'ancienne Compagnie des Indes Orientales"
2084:, a strong pro-French leader and later MLA of Yanam. and Congress Party was headed by Yerra Jaganatha Rao. Among the Independents was Madimchetty Satianandam who got later elected as mayor and performed a key role in merging of Yanam in India.
2060:
Elections held on 24 October 1948 and 18 October 1954 were the most crucial in the history of French India. In June 1948 the French and Indian Governments came to an agreement as to how the future of the French Settlements should be determined.
1266:, for taking them over. This document mentions that France entered into possession of Yanam and its dependent territories with exemption from all export and import duties. Soon after taking possession of this settlement, Mr. Panon obtained a
705:(i.e. trading post). Its affairs were supervised by the French colony Masulipatam, which was by then already an important colony for European powers (English, Dutch, and French). French trade got permitted at Masulipatam by a firm from the
5588:
660:
Thus, unlike other major French settlements in India, the year when French got sovereignty (i.e.circa 1750) is usually mentioned as the year of establishment in some French records. However, there is an old Vishnu temple located in the
4492:"Commercial Tariffs and Regulations, Resources, and Trade, of the Several States of Europe and America: Together with the Commercial Treaties Between England and Foreign Countries. India, Ceylon, and other oriental countries, Part 23"
1249:; and both parties shall renounce all demands and pretensions of satisfaction with which they might charge each other, or their Indian allies, for the depredations or pillage committed on the one side or on the other during the war.).
620:, in this fort. The Dutch were very active during the seventeenth century and by the start of the eighteen century, their presence in India became very nominal. The records office of Madras presidency do mention some file regarding
5440:
origin and means a gift and in medieval Indian political sense 'a grant of land'. The Inām grants were originally rent-free and perpetual. They were given for services previously rendered. The holder of an Inām was referred to as
664:
of Yanaon and popular belief is that it was built many centuries ago (i.e. well before French presence). However there two more nearby villages along the mouths of Godavari in Andhra Pradesh that bear the similar name. They are
3564:
commune were liberated around the same time. In the de facto cession treaty signed in October 1954, France has recognized that they lost sovereignty of the two communes (Nettapacom and Tiroubouvane) and two establishments
1641:. Had the first occasion of negotiations succeeded then Yanaon would have been ceded to British India long back and its importance would have been relegated to oblivion like some of its nearby ancient English settlements,
3594:
village. A total of 178 members were present and the result of the referendum was for the merger of French Indian territories by a vote of 170 against 8. A memorial has been erected to commemorate this historic event of
3123:
Yanam remained under French control until 13 June 1954, when it joined the Republic of India as a result of Indian military action. On 1 November 1954, after long years of the independence struggle, the four enclaves of
1055:. He confirmed all the grants made by Muzaffar Jung to the French and allowed them to rebuild the factory at Yanaon that was completely destroyed by the forces of Nasir Jung during the siege of Yanaon by his army.
6033:
793:
Rustum Khan alias Haji Mohammad Hussain to collect the arrears of tribute from Zamindars in these two circars. Rustum Khan was a Turkish officer who was Nawab (i.e. Faujdar) of Rajahmundry between 1730 and 1737.
5581:
1409:
During 1783 many French settlements along with Yanaon went under British occupation. There is again lack of information because of its subsequent English occupation. Yanam was restored again to the French in
1361:
per year under circumstances more favorable than those in which we are placed now, but always by giving advances much earlier, which we have never been in a position to do. From this place, we also procured
5830:
2011:
Then a total of 10 communes were formed in which Yanaon became one commune with a strength of 12 Municipal Councillors (conseiller municipaux). The first municipal elections were held on 30 May 1880.
5574:
5498:
The original nine are located at Calicut, Surat, Masulipatam and Francepeth, Balasore, Patna, Jougdia (submerged later), Cassimbazar and Dacca. Later ones are at Chittagong, Sylhet, Serampur and Sala
1495:
Sonnerat was involved in commercial businesses, along with other traders. His commercial involvement brought serious consequences to his administrative post. Petitions against him were presented to
3619:
lived here. Many poets such as the late Villa Reddi Naidu, V. Venkataswami Naidu. Some important politicians include Kanakala Tatayya Naidou, MD Abdul Razzaq, Majety Subbarao, and Guiry Madhavarao.
2859:'s administration in 1928 mentioned that Governor Goschent left Madras on 4 December 1927 to lay the foundation. Madimchetty Bapanna donated some lands leading to the bridge for road construction.
1534:
was finally returned to the French on 26 September 1816. However some French records slightly differ on the dates of return: Pondichéry and Karikal 4 December 1816, Chandernagore 14 January 1817,
651:
as being particularly important sources of cloth. Perhaps they may have some trade relationship with the weavers of Yanaon. The Dutch must have left Yanaon well before the French arrival in 1723.
3222:, this day was celebrated for the first time by the government on 16 August 2016. Until then it was merely a public holiday in Pudicherry and no official celebrations took place before 2016.
1392:(1765–1766) stated in his "Memoire of 1767". During that time, it was a center for the production of salt and this salt constituted the major part of the quantity imported by the French into
3148:
on 21 October 1954 as per Foreign Jurisdiction Act, 1947. The Chief Commissioner had the powers of the former French commissioner, but was under the direct control of the Union Government.
1506:
The slave trade that was rampant in Yanaon started diminishing due to the newly formed Colonial assembly in Pondicherry on 16 October 1792. The first article of the assembly's resolution
1347:, the French authorities in Yanam succeeded in changing the fair of Neelapalli to another day of the week, Saturday. In this way, Yanam triumphed over its neighboring village Neelapalli.
6026:
1538:
and Mahé 22 February 1817. From then it was continuously under the control of French until it got independence. The third British occupation is also called as final British occupation.
1208:
qu'Elles pourroient former à la Charge, l'une de l'autre, ou à celle de leurs Alliés Indiens pour les Depredations ou Degats commis soit d'un Coté, soit de l'autre pendant la Guerre.)
4191:"Report on the Census of the Madras Presidency, 1871: With Appendix Containing the Results of the Census Arranged in Standard Forms Prescribed by the Government of India, Volume 2–7"
1619:
village in which 400 people have taken shelter was blown down and most of them killed. Also, at nearby Mallavaram village, only 19 out of 2000 inhabitants got survived. The term
5823:
983:
was only a subedar of Deccan, Muzzafar Jung technically does not hold any right to give away territories to the French without the permission or consent of his liege lord, the
6019:
893:
After 1742 political motives began to overshadow the desire for commercial gains of the French East India Company. All factories were fortified for the purpose of defense.
3648:
2129:
2081:
1969:
1946:
1897:
1885:
1879:
994:, unlike his father, was only a figurehead and his imperial firmans were respected by subordinates (such as subedars, faujdars, etc) only when it suited their purposes. A
1934:
1928:
1703:
were Provided with a Chef de service (Service Chief) who resides in his official residence. After the merger, it is being resided by Regional Executive Officer, Yanam.
5543:
2040:
had 12 Sièges. Then, they were called previously as Sièges instead of wards. Each ward (Siège) was represented by a municipal councilor (Conseiller Municipal). Each
5816:
2008:
virtually the pivot of the whole administrative machinery in French India. It had several features that could serve as a role model for hassle-free administration.
1977:
During the 1959 election from the Kanakalapeta constituency, two independents secured exactly 707 votes each and so to decide the winner, lots were cast. Finally,
749:
4799:
4090:"An Anglo-Indian Dictionary: A Glossary of Indian Terms Used in English, and of Such English Or Other Non-Indian Terms as Have Obtained Special Meanings in India"
2076:
on 24 October 1948. The two main parties were the French India Socialist Party (), which favored the continuance of French rule, and the French India Congress (
1995:
Though the French established colonies in India in the seventeenth century, it was not until the end of the 19th century they started civil administration in
6661:
5112:
1496:
2792:
1838:). A senator will be elected by the Conseil colonial (Colonial Council) and Conseil local (Local council). The first elections were held on 26 March 1876.
1004:) is a royal decree issued by the Emperor and meant to be irrevocable. For decrees issued by royalty lower than the Emperor then such decrees as named as
5137:
1856:
6576:
6309:
3105:
1861:
901:
succeeded him. Until 1743, the French paid an annual rent for their possessions in Yanaon to the Nawab of Rajamundry. This annual rent was waived by a
3057:
to continue his activities there. On 3 July, on Kewal Singh's request, Dadala left Yanam, after making all arrangements for its proper administration.
1651:
the British government tried hard to secure the extinction of French rights in the French loges in return for compensation in the region of Pondicherry
6277:
3700:
1990:
1873:
2908:
and aided by the then-Maire de Yanaon, Monsieur Madimchetty Satianarayanamourty alias Satia and took over the administration. After hoisting the
6612:
4916:
1297:
in the jurisdiction of Sri Raja Vatsavaya Kala Thimma Jagapathi Bahadhoor (Timma Raja). The French had a modest building in Yanam situated a
85:
6511:
5952:
5341:
5316:
5202:
5095:
4858:
3895:
3778:"Manual of the Administration of the Madras Presidency, in Illustration of the Records of Government & the Yearly Administration Reports"
5454:
A Faujdar is ranked next to Nizam (governor) and is the head of the Sarkar, which was an administrative and a revenue division of a 'Subah'.
1860:(Representative Assembly of French India) was created for each colony. Yanaon was provided with two assembly representatives (Equivalent to
818:
at Déchavarom (Draksharama) near Yanaon. As per Puducherry government records, this parawana was meant for re-establishment loge at Yanaon.
5536:
2848:
1217:
shall restore to France, in the condition they are now in, the different factories which that Crown possessed, as well as on the coast of
5415:, a dancing girl (courtesan) and it was known as Surasani Inam in the past which over the time got corrupted as Surasani Yanam. The word
3011:
was annoyed by the direct involvement of Indian police in the liberation and wrote a letter to the then deputy chief minister of Andhra,
6455:
5993:
5842:
1922:
1161:
rebelled against the English. A second treaty was the result of war and Northern Circars remained permanently under the control of the
3628:
2117:
806:
dated 24 May 1731 from Haji Mohammad Hussain, Nawab of Rajahmundry (i.e. Faujdar of this Circar) authorised the French Representative
3064:
An old photo of signature of the Treaty of Cession of French Establishments of India dated 28 May 1956. Plenipotentiary Signatories:
6147:
5013:
4986:
4959:
4653:
4516:
4450:
4348:
4321:
4289:
4142:
4054:
3998:
3929:
3751:
2121:
1123:
bears the signature of Said Loukshur, Minister of Salabat Jang. Yanam acquired considerable importance during the occupation of the
5224:
4417:
1477:
had its effects in different ways in all the former French settlements. The French trade at Yanam was considerable at that time.
6137:
3633:
849:
768:. Caliber: 84mm, length: 237cm, weight: 545kg, ammunition: 2kg iron balls. The company's coat of arms can be seen on the Canon.
6107:
5529:
4765:
3036:
486:
6157:
1357:
It is from Yanam that we get our best 'Guinness' (fine cloth). It is possible to have commerce here worth more than a million
6482:
5624:
5619:
1484:
became chief in 1790 in Yanam. He was a scholar and writer. He had a profound interest in natural sciences. He wrote a book,
956:(1750–1751) succeeded Nasir Jung. As a token of gratitude for the French support, Muzaffar Jang conferred on the French the
6270:
3536:
3492:
3458:
3384:
3072:
2852:
1811:
6369:
6130:
5883:
3690:
3213:
1111:
in recognition of the help of these Circars amounted up to 10 lakhs of Rupees per year. These four circars were part of
5280:
1822:
Another pivotal incident in local administration was a decree of 1872. It was dated 13 June 1872 and was issued during
6450:
6125:
6112:
2140:
As per the decret dated 20 August 1947 the official holidays in French India (except Chandernagore) were given below:
6487:
3705:
2879:
2052:. The life span of a Municipal council was six years, with one-half of the membership renewed for every three years.
268:
5795:
3680:
3060:
1234:
1131:
1088:
854:
for the purpose of trading teakwood and towels (handkerchiefs). Guillard was a great merchant and a great captain.
717:
who ruled from 1712 until 1724. The establishment of Yanam roughly coincided with the cession of Deccan Subah from
6230:
6374:
6235:
5998:
3887:
1851:
1444:
1328:
1313:
1044:
782:
754:
6263:
6217:
5716:
2905:
2077:
5055:
3200:
under which France ceded to India full sovereignty over the territories it held. Every year on 16 August, the
945:, Yanaon along with Masulipatam was returned to M. Guillard, Chef de Yanaon, who was representing the French.
913:, granted all the rights on the lands situated before the quarters at Yanam to the French on 9 November 1748.
4340:
History of the French in India: From the Founding of Pondicherry in 1674 to the Capture of that Place in 1761
3638:
3615:
2636:
1788:
1774:
1120:
6189:
6042:
5942:
5932:
5863:
5839:
5597:
5552:
2947:
2913:
2843:
The Yanam-Neelapalli bridge also called the François Yanaon Bridge) over the 'Ātreya branch' (Korangi) of
2032:) in Yanaon is now called Municipality Building. It was built in the 19th century and is situated next to
1756:
1579:
occurred that was accompanied by an inundation of the sea and the town was laid to waste. The cyclone and
1561:
1546:
1527:
1459:
1189:
726:
625:
450:. This French establishment very well flourished before the setback and failures of the French during the
91:
1661:. However, none of these three negotiations were fruitful and none of them could not reach an agreement.
1401:. Indian residents wanted nothing better than to be left in peace to carry on their trading activities.
1204:
Fortifications, & à ne point entretenir de Troupes dans aucune Partie des Etats du Subah de Bengale.
6656:
6349:
6079:
5873:
5516:
3012:
2865:
1823:
1740:
1385:
1377:
1259:
1238:
867:
77:
5254:
5166:
3096:
454:. From this town and its surroundings, beautiful towels are manufactured. These towels are referred as
3883:
An Atlas of the Mughal Empire: Political and Economic Maps with Detailed Notes, Bibliography and Index
3803:"Lettres & conventions des gouverneurs de Pondichéry avec différents princes hindous, 1666 à 1793"
4683:
page 22, C.¨P. Brown, by Vaṭṭipalli Subbarāyuḍu, Jānamaddi Hamumacchāstri, Mahathi Publications, 2000
3623:
3418:
3347:
3230:
3125:
2110:
777:
The possession of Rajahmundry and Chicacole circars was disputed between the Nizam of Deccan and the
4281:
Pondicherry, Tamil Nadu and South India under French Rule: From François Martin to Dupleix 1674-1754
6545:
6364:
5868:
5701:
5662:
5606:
3653:
3643:
3591:
3049:
was also appointed as Acting Commissioner for Yanam for 14 days. Towards the end of June 1954, Sri
1978:
1959:
451:
71:
5511:
829:
became the first chief of Yanam, holding office for 17 long years. The French records also credit
608:
constructed a fort here. It is being called by locals as "saali kota" because previously weavers (
6210:
6120:
6069:
5975:
5962:
5893:
5691:
5642:
5634:
5113:"Liberated from France 55 years ago, Puducherry celebrated 'De Jure Day' for the first time ever"
3685:
3675:
3156:
3054:
3035:
to Yanam to capture Merger Leaders and to re-establish their authority. After the coup, the last
2869:
An old photo of 1954 that captured the flag hoisting ceremony aftermath the liberation of Yanaon.
2458:
2334:
2308:
2282:
2252:
2226:
2220:
2200:
2125:
2073:
2065:
2041:
2037:
2020:
1834:
According to a decree dated 24 February 1878, one person can be sent as a sénateur to the Sénat (
1069:
991:
953:
706:
255:
115:
3040:
1510:
slavery. M. de Bury was elected as Deputy to the Colonial assembly from Yanam in January 1793.
870:
of Carnatic to M. Guillard for making the Pagodas of Pondichéry as the legal tender in Yanaon.
6497:
6492:
6440:
6379:
6184:
6167:
5790:
5785:
5337:
5312:
5198:
5091:
5009:
4982:
4955:
4854:
4649:
4512:
4446:
4344:
4317:
4285:
4138:
4050:
3994:
3925:
3891:
3747:
3317:
3193:
3164:
3067:
3028:
2856:
2562:
2302:
2194:
2168:
2045:
1474:
1436:
Mr. Mallhendre took possession after the retrocession of Yanaon and Mr. Bluter succeeded him.
1077:
582:
562:
445:
4850:
The Legacy of French Rule in India (1674-1954): An investigation of a process of Creolization
1981:
was declared the winner. In the same constituency, a Congress candidate polled only 8 votes.
435:
The French in their earlier records does mention their interest in establishing trade in the
6531:
6501:
6359:
6099:
6064:
5744:
3152:
3078:
3008:
2536:
1714:
1624:
1518:
Once again French lost control over Yanam to the British in June 1793. During 1793 and 1816
1290:
1218:
1148:
1124:
1112:
1108:
458:. As per the 1783 report by French, "one judges the fineness of this cloth by the number of
436:
4692:
Telugu letter from Sundara Ramayya to Brown, 10 March 1838, GOML: Tel.MSS. M. 401, pp-494-6
4615:"A Descriptive and Historical Account of the Godavery District in the Presidency of Madras"
4016:"A Descriptive and Historical Account of the Godavery District in the Presidency of Madras"
3289:). The lodges that are enclaves in Indian Union are ceded by France as a friendly gesture (
1639:
the British government wanted to secure all of French India barring Pondicherry and Karikal
6550:
6521:
6286:
6179:
6162:
5696:
5674:
3658:
3299:
3242:
3209:
3160:
3089:
2923:
2730:
2438:
2412:
2386:
2360:
1654:
1608:
1592:
1523:
1522:
was under British control. So, Yanam fell thrice into the hands of the British. After the
1489:
1481:
1246:
1192:
ensured that the English to handover all the possessions the French held as of 1749. The
1153:
1060:
906:
786:
722:
462:...These guineas of Yanaon were made of 'roui' Cotton which has very long threads" (sic).
401:
392:
348:
3824:
612:) used to weave clothes. Some people believe that the Dutch used to keep their currency,
4396:
6651:
6537:
6477:
6471:
6074:
5925:
5916:
5878:
5754:
5679:
5647:
5614:
3609:
3467:
3129:
2822:
2798:
2774:
2752:
2708:
2686:
2664:
2642:
2616:
2592:
2568:
2542:
2516:
2490:
2464:
1700:
1275:
910:
778:
691:
410:
102:
17:
5088:
International Development Law: The Max Planck Encyclopedia of Public International Law
5056:"Traité de cession des Établissements français de Pondichéry, Karikal, Mahé et Yanaon"
3560:
were liberated on 31 March 1954 and 6 April 1954 respectively. Also, some villages of
3192:
The treaty of cession was signed by the two countries in May 1956 and ratified by the
929:
succeeded him. However, a succession war broke out between Nasir Jung and his nephew
6645:
6526:
6432:
6399:
6319:
6174:
5767:
5684:
5657:
3848:
3393:
3282:
3254:
3159:
on 16 January 1955. He also paid a visit to Aurobindo Ashram on the same day. Messrs
2276:
2114:
1835:
1747:
1696:
1531:
1302:
1298:
1226:
1214:
1178:
1162:
949:
930:
875:
811:
718:
710:
666:
572:
498:
361:
242:
4719:
Annuaire statistique des établissements français dans l'Inde By Pierre-Constant Sicé
1134:. However, the street in Pondicherry has been renamed 'Lal Bahadur Shastri Street'.
1107:
with an annual revenue Rs. 2,00,000 for the maintenance of the French troops in the
6205:
6059:
6051:
5739:
5734:
5729:
5652:
4369:"The Telugus of Yanam and Masulipatnam: From French rule to Integration with India"
3695:
3670:
3582:
The elected members of the Representative Assembly and the municipal councilors of
3274:
3270:
3258:
3197:
3181:
2432:
1996:
1847:
1718:
1692:
1358:
1242:
1170:
1144:
1073:
1036:
871:
714:
670:
605:
468:
415:
685:
The main colonial history of Yanam starts in the early 18th century. French agent
5192:
5029:
5003:
4976:
4949:
4934:
4875:
4848:
4821:
4747:
4670:
4643:
4628:
4614:
4599:
4584:
4569:
4533:
4506:
4491:
4476:
4440:
4382:
4368:
4338:
4311:
4279:
4253:
4239:
4218:
4204:
4190:
4176:
4159:
4132:
4104:
4089:
4074:
4044:
4029:
4015:
3988:
3973:
3919:
3881:
3863:
3802:
3777:
3741:
3726:
2916:
of Yanam headed by Dadala Raphael Ramanayya and adopted a resolution declaring "
6389:
5937:
5724:
4822:"Report on the Administration of the Madras Presidency, during the year 1927-28"
4547:
4158:
Joseph-François Marquis Dupleix, Virigia Thomson (1933). Virigia Thomson (ed.).
3877:
3306:
3141:
3110:
3050:
3024:
2909:
2484:
2272:
1768:
1674:
1659:
the negotiations were focused more particularly on the position of Chandernagore
1580:
1519:
1500:
1389:
1271:
1263:
1255:
1174:
1166:
1100:
713:
annexed Golconda and later the Deccan subah came under the rule of its governor
674:
613:
510:
5463:
Loge implies a trade zone where the French enjoyed legal and fiscal privileges.
1583:
inundation that accompanies it are referred to in the local Telugu language as
1488:, in three volumes. He appreciated very much the sonority and the music of the
6588:
6339:
6329:
6324:
5911:
5850:
3218:
3196:
in May 1962. On 16 August 1962, India and France exchanged the instruments of
2885:
2246:
1807:
1762:
1731:
1670:
1646:
1398:
1294:
1283:
1104:
1040:
926:
922:
617:
524:
Administrative location of Yanaon at the time of French establishment in 1723
492:
474:
6627:
6614:
5226:
Les possessions françaises en Inde dès les années 1920 jusqu'à l'indépendance
6594:
2510:
2328:
2029:
1616:
1274:
granting the French full liberty of trade at Yanam and another one from the
1182:
1130:
One street in Yanaon and another in Pondicherry are named in remembrance of
1092:
504:
5772:
5302:
5300:
5298:
4978:
The Statesman's Year-Book 1963: The One-Volume ENCYCLOPAEDIA of all nations
4046:
Scars of Partition: Postcolonial Legacies in French and British Borderlands
1746:
Administration financière – Ticanny Tiramalaram, percepteur des revenues à
4937:. Monthly Journal of Local Govt. and Public Administration in India. 1958.
2855:
laid the foundation stone for the bridge on 10 December 1927. A report of
1710:
by Pierre-Constant Sicé, the details of colonial government in 1843 were,
6084:
5921:
5901:
5521:
3921:
Mughal Administration of Deccan Under Nizamul Mulk Asaf Jah, 1720-48 A.D.
3286:
3234:
2968:
2957:
not recognized by France until October 1954 de facto transfer agreement)
2954:
2844:
2406:
1806:
According to a decree dated 1 February 1871, one person can be sent as a
1601:
1585:
1363:
1279:
1051:
to the French in return for their services, and soon afterward the other
839:
648:
595:
532:
516:
187:
4671:"Documents on British Foreign Policy, 1919-1939, First Series, Volume 4"
3176:
A treaty of cession was signed by the two countries on 28 May 1956. The
586:
had 17 paraganas comprising 24 mahals in it with Injaram being on them.
6582:
6334:
5970:
5906:
5762:
5706:
5517:
Official website of the Government of the Union Territory of Puducherry
5138:"68th De Facto Merger Day of Puducherry to Be Celebrated on November 1"
3427:
3133:
3032:
2989:
2354:
2069:
1642:
1576:
1052:
898:
843:
696:
624:
when mentioning the Godavari district records (Yanaon is an enclave in
557:
480:
5417:
5410:
5373:
4268:
Annuaire des Établissements français dans l'Inde pour 1918-1919, 1919.
4106:
Dupleix: ses plans politiques; sa disgrace. Étude d'histoire coloniale
3864:"District Census Handbook, Andhra Pradesh, Census 1961: East Godavari"
3216:
Union Territory. However, owing to the initiative by the Lt. Governor
5947:
5858:
5667:
5437:
4494:. Great Britain Board of Trade, Great Britain Parliament. p. 79.
4032:(in French). Académie salésienne (Annecy, France). 1890. p. 169.
3613:, Chellapilla Venkata Kavi (1870–1950), One of the duo of the famous
3278:
3046:
2380:
1782:
1393:
1344:
1230:
1222:
1096:
1048:
761:
757:
601:
567:
547:
537:
55:
4030:"Mémoires et documents publiés par l'Académie salésienne, Volume 13"
2922:" (lit. Yanam liberated). The coup d'état of Yanam was announced by
639:
As per British records, the nearest Dutch settlements to Yanaon are
4585:"The Revolution and the French Establishments in India (1790-1793)"
962:
Yanaon was governed as a dependence of Masulipatam colony by French
6089:
5980:
3945:
3943:
3941:
3238:
3059:
2895:
2864:
2816:
2036:
on Thiagaraja Street in Yanaon Town. During French colonial rule,
1708:
Annuaire statistique des établissements français dans l'Inde- 1843
1492:. He administered Yanam during the time of the French Revolution.
1158:
980:
765:
631:
630:
542:
298:
285:
31:
4475:
John Law (Jean Law de Lauriston) (1913). Alfred Martineau (ed.).
2080:), which favored union with India. Socialist Party was headed by
4824:. The Superintendent, Government Press, Madras. 1929. p. 4.
3950:
1367:
976:
to the French during his visit to Pondicherry in December 1750.
789:
was appointed Faujdār for these two provinces. He appointed his
418:
between 1731 and 1954. It was referred to in British records as
6420:
6297:
6259:
6015:
5812:
5570:
5525:
3313:
conducted in 1949 and got merged into Indian Union soon later.
3269:(sites of old French factories scattered over the provinces of
5086:
Minnerop, Petra; Wolfrum, Rüdiger; Lachenmann, Frauke (2019).
5081:
5079:
5077:
5075:
5073:
4171:
4169:
4109:(Doctoral thesis) (in French). Université de Paris. p. 91
3818:
3816:
3814:
3812:
1868:
Members of Representative Assembly of French India (1946-1955)
1632:
Anglo-French Negotiations Regarding the Status of French India
4737:
Journal Officiel des établissements français de l'Inde, 1952.
4728:
Journal Officiel des établissements français de l'Inde, 1947.
4258:. Administration of the Union Territory of Pondicherry. 1982.
4126:
4124:
3743:
The World of the Weaver in Northern Coromandel, C.1750-c.1850
3552:
Some communes of Pondicherry were liberated. The communes of
3023:
The Yanam, coup d'état had enraged the French authorities of
5255:"Scant footfalls at memorials as De jure day comes and goes"
4887:
4885:
4477:"Mémoire sur quelques affaires de l'Empire mogol, 1756-1761"
4255:
Union Territory of Pondicherry, Volume 1, Gazetteer of India
3015:
for immediate withdrawal of Indian armed forced from Yanam.
1119:. The agreement made between the French and Salabat Jang in
5423:
in the Telugu language implies courtesan or a dancing girl.
4788:
Journal Officiel des établissements de Inde français, 1948.
897:
administered it. He died here on 24 October 1747. Monsieur
4710:
La Gazette de I'Etat de Pondichéry (Gazette of Puducherry)
3974:"Guide to the Records of the Godavari District: 1770-1835"
1917:
Members of Pondicherry Representative Assembly (1955-1963)
1258:
to Mr. Jean Jacques Panon, French Commissioner deputed by
1043:, who was indebted for his elevation to the throne to the
677:
mandal. The name Yanaon may have come from the word Inam.
5405:
There is a popular legend that this village was given as
4917:"Agreement on De Facto Transfer of French Establishments"
4068:
4066:
3771:
3769:
3767:
3765:
3763:
886:
Nawab Rustum khan (i.e. Haji Mohammad Hussain) granted a
4800:"Karaikal's festival of mangoes that celebrates a saint"
580:
The Subah of Deccan (i.e. Hyderabad) had 22 Circars and
5309:
Chandernagore : From Bondage to Freedom, 1900-1955
4673:. Her Majesty's Stationery Office, London. p. 466.
3976:. Superintendent, Government Press, Madras. p. 14.
3249:
Dates of important events of the merger of French India
3053:
paid a visit to Yanam and requested Dadala's return to
2048:(Conseil Municipal) which managed the commune from the
1706:
A colonial government was formed in 1840. According to
1072:, confirming all the concessions made to the French by
4754:. India International Publications. 1918. p. 251.
4305:
4303:
4301:
4207:. Superintendent, Government Press. 1915. p. 235.
3140:
to India. The first High Commissioner of Pondicherry,
3043:, then Governor General of Pondichéry, in June 1954.
1022:
1014:
1006:
999:
890:
dated 4 February 1735 for French commerce in Yanaon.
5334:
Dictionary of Historical Places, Bengal, 1757 – 1947
5218:
5216:
5214:
3842:
3840:
3838:
3836:
3834:
3797:
3795:
3793:
3791:
3789:
3787:
2128:, Madimchetty Satianandam, Kamichetty Savithiry and
785:, then Nizam of Deccan, settled this issue in 1713.
6510:
6449:
6431:
6388:
6348:
6308:
6252:
6198:
6146:
6098:
6050:
5961:
5892:
5849:
5753:
5715:
5633:
5605:
5559:
5249:
5247:
5194:
Self-Determination in Disputed Colonial Territories
4892:Heimsath, Charles Herman; Mansingh, Surjit (1971).
4362:
4360:
4179:. Impimerie de Gouvernement, Pondichéry. June 1988.
3827:(in Telugu). Sri Mary Mudraksharasala, Rajahmundry.
964:). Additionally to that, he granted sovereignty of
295:
282:
265:
252:
239:
229:
219:
209:
197:
181:
163:
153:
143:
133:
121:
111:
41:
4240:"Annuaire des Établissements français dans l'Inde"
4177:"Annuaire des Établissements français dans l'Inde"
3972:Madras (India: Presidency). Record Office (1935).
3805:. Société de l'histoire de l'Inde française. 1914.
3649:Kamichetty Sri Parassourama Varaprassada Rao Naidu
3093:, signed by the French Ambassador in India, H. E.
2130:Kamichetty Sri Parassourama Varaprassada Rao Naidu
2082:Kamichetty Sri Parassourama Varaprassada Rao Naidu
1970:Kamichetty Sri Parassourama Varaprassada Rao Naidu
1947:Kamichetty Sri Parassourama Varaprassada Rao Naidu
1898:Kamichetty Sri Parassourama Varaprassada Rao Naidu
1886:1951 French India Representative Assembly election
1880:1946 French India Representative Assembly election
4842:
4840:
4221:. Numismatic Society of Bombay. 2001. p. 99.
1935:1959 Pondicherry Representative Assembly election
1929:1955 Pondicherry Representative Assembly election
1293:to the English, Yanam came under the province of
4853:. Institut français de Pondichéry. p. 211.
4570:"The Bengal and Agra Annual Guide and Gazetteer"
4383:"The Bengal and Agra Annual Guide and Gazetteer"
4092:. K. Paul, Trench& Co., London. p. 128.
3851:. Superintendent, Government Press. p. 217.
1727:Chef de service – Jourdain (Jean-Philippe-Paul)
1691:Local administration was started in Yanaon by a
5172:. Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India
5167:"The Government of Union Territories Act, 1963"
4490:John Macgregor (Member of Parliament.) (1848).
4465:Frenchi Palanalo Yanam (2013), by Bolloju Baba.
4234:
4232:
4230:
4228:
1730:Administration – Ribeiro (Dominique-Grégoire),
1653:. On the last occasion during the start of the
1355:
1169:, especially on Northern Circars. In 1765 Lord
1087:of Salabat Jang, Subedar of Deccan conceded to
414:) was one of the five principal settlements of
5030:"Indian Recorder & Digest, Volumes 1 to 2"
4242:. Impimerie de Gouvernement, Pondichéry. 1883.
4193:. Government Gazette Press. 1874. p. 201.
1695:(Ordonnance Royale) dated 23 July 1840 during
1649:. During the second negotiation in the 1880s,
254:• Sovereignty ratified by Mughal emperor
107:Maximum extent of French influence (1741–1754)
6271:
6027:
5824:
5582:
5537:
4706:
4704:
4702:
4700:
4698:
8:
4572:. W. Rushton and Company. 1841. p. 426.
4385:. W. Rushton and Company. 1841. p. 422.
4219:"Numismatic Society of Bombay, Volume 23-24"
3862:Superintendent of Census Operations (1964).
3291:
3027:. Rumors were spread to the effect that the
2917:
2894:Firmly attached and sympathetic towards the
1850:(Inde française) became Overseas territory (
1497:Camille Charles Leclerc, chevalier de Fresne
1426:
1199:
502:(1751) and the Dutch made their presence in
44:
5197:. Cambridge University Press. p. 181.
4600:"Traité de législation coloniale, Volume 1"
3114:can be seen standing second from the right.
2847:was constructed in the early 20th century.
878:was the son-in-law of Nawab Dost Ali Khan.
6463:
6428:
6417:
6305:
6294:
6278:
6264:
6256:
6034:
6020:
6012:
5831:
5817:
5809:
5589:
5575:
5567:
5563:
5544:
5530:
5522:
5161:
5159:
4906:The Selected Works of Nehru, Vol 26, p.435
4629:"The Gentleman's Magazine, Volume 167–168"
4075:"Census of India, 1961, Volume 2, Issue 3"
3180:transfer was delayed until the end of the
2928:
1540:
1486:Voyages aux Indes Orientales et à la Chine
1438:
1307:
1286:not to hinder the commerce of the French.
101:
38:
4505:Syed Amanur Rahman, Balraj Verma (2006).
3573:) w.e.f. from their dates of liberation.
1173:, the then-existing Chief and Council at
5232:(Masters thesis). Université de Montréal
5090:. Oxford University Press. p. 308.
4073:Office of the Registrar General (1962).
3701:Municipal Administration in French India
3315:
2142:
1991:Municipal Administration in French India
1397:that were left entirely to the chief or
1147:made a treaty with British and gave the
748:
522:
5398:
4748:"Directory of Indian Women Today, 1976"
4669:E.L. Woodward and Rohan Butler (1952).
4418:"Le Traité de Paris du 10 février 1763"
4049:. University of Nebraska. p. 169.
3886:. Centre of Advanced Study in History,
3849:"GODAVARI DISTRICT GAZETTEER (reprint)"
3717:
3039:of Yanam, George Sala, was recalled by
1874:Representative Assembly of French India
1739:Service de Santé – Pithois (Pamphile),
1699:. According to that decree, Yanaon and
1305:into which small vessels could enter.
746:to wind up the affairs and abandon it.
120:
110:
5357:"Liberated Communes in French India".
4205:"Madras District Gazetteers, Volume 1"
4077:. Manager of Publications. p. 42.
3212:) was celebrated nominally throughout
1115:. Bussy helped Salabat Jang to be the
594:In the west of Yanam, there are still
5034:Diwan Chand Indian Information Centre
4951:Cabinet Responsibility to Legislature
4878:. Rima Publishing House. p. 124.
4876:"Encyclopaedia of India: Pondicherry"
4445:. Munshiram Manoharlal. p. 109.
4343:. W.H. Allen & Company, Limited.
4160:"Dupleix and His Letters (1742-1754)"
4131:P.Raja and Rita Nath Keshari (2005).
3924:Jaico Publishing House. p. 102.
3305:) on 6 October 1954 at a ceremony in
1165:. After 1760 the French lost hold in
409:
400:
391:
315:
311:
294:
281:
264:
251:
238:
228:
218:
208:
204:
180:
176:
162:
152:
142:
132:
128:
7:
4894:A Diplomatic History of Modern India
4648:. Infobase Publishing. p. 242.
3825:"Śrī Peddāpura Samsthāna Charitramu"
3144:was appointed immediately after the
2974:26 September 1816 – 1 November 1954
2109:Notable Municipal Councillors were,
1451:Second British Occupation of Yanaon
709:dated 15 October 1669. In 1687, the
241:• Sovereignty granted by Nizam
6662:India articles needing reassessment
5994:French colonization of the Americas
5223:Stech, Zorian (15 September 2011).
4921:Ministry of External Affairs, India
3993:. Sterling Publishers. p. 30.
2995:26 September 1816 – 16 August 1962
1923:Pondicherry Representative Assembly
1719:établissements français dans l'Inde
1553:Final British Occupation of Yanaon
1320:First British Occupation of Yanaon
821:French re-established in Yanaon on
30:For Yanaon after independence, see
4631:. F. Jefferies. 1840. p. 531.
4313:Nizam-British Relations, 1724-1857
4088:George Clifford Whitworth (1885).
3823:V. R. Jagapati Varma Garu (1915).
3725:Alexandre Legoux de Flaix (1807).
3629:Bouloussou Soubramaniam Sastroulou
3590:participated in the referendum at
3071:, treaty was signed by the Indian
2118:Bouloussou Soubramaniam Sastroulou
1862:Member of the Legislative Assembly
1857:Représentative de l'Inde française
874:who allied with French during the
448:, situated along the Ingiram river
27:French colony in India (1731–1954)
25:
5489:(i.e. His Majesty Most Christian)
5332:Bondyopadhyay, Biswanath (2013).
4896:. Allied Publishers. p. 323.
4508:The Beautiful India - Pondicherry
3603:Notable people in colonial period
3106:Chief Commissioner of Pondicherry
2942:26 September 1816 – 13 June 1954
2122:Kamichetty Venougopala Rao Naidou
2064:Municipal elections were held in
1665:C.P. Brown connection with Yanaon
1623:was coined by a British official
1068:was issued by the Mughal emperor
5281:"A vote for India, then and now"
5111:Mathew, Pheba (16 August 2016).
4981:. MACMILLAN&Co.LTD, London.
4766:"Pondicherry Assembly Elections"
4532:Georg Friedrich Martens (1818).
3990:History of Modern Andhra Pradesh
3847:William F. R. Hemingway (1915).
3780:. Madras Presidency. p. 80.
3746:. Orient Blackswan. p. 69.
3634:Kamichetty Venugopala Rao Naidou
3245:of Puducherry from 1 July 1963.
2912:, they formed the revolutionary
2044:possessed a Mayor (Maire) and a
1724:Gouvernement Colonial de Yanaon
1530:Yanam along with the factory at
1422:of this convention states that,
1276:Nawab Mir Nizam Ali Khan Bahadur
837:at Yanaon, which was within the
366:
341:
84:
70:
46:Établissement français de Yanaon
6488:French domains of the Holy Land
4587:. Setu Prakashani. p. 225.
4534:"Recueil de traités: 1785-1790"
4511:. Reference Press. p. 75.
3866:. Government of Andhra Pradesh.
3241:came to be administered as the
1906:Madimchetty Satianarayanamourty
1893:Madimchetty Satianarayanamourty
1278:(Asaf Jah II) calling upon the
987:(i.e. Mughal Emperor). But the
810:, then chief of the Company at
6483:French domains of Saint Helena
5600:in Africa and the Indian Ocean
5283:. The Telegraph. 29 April 2014
4536:. Dieterich. pp. 284–285.
4442:The French in India, 1763-1816
4337:George Bruce Malleson (1893).
4316:. Concept Publishing Company.
3007:Then prime minister of India,
2939:French Establishment of Yanam
1721:– De Nourquer Du Camper (Paul)
1499:, the then-French Governor in
972:, and some adjoining areas of
862:During June (or July) 1934, a
1:
4548:"Pierre Sonnerat (1745-1814)"
4103:Cultru, Prosper (1901). "V".
3163:, S. Perumal, Dadala and Sri
3073:Minister for External Affairs
3019:Transition period (1954-1962)
2986:French Establishment of Yanam
2965:French Establishment of Yanam
2853:Governor of Madras Presidency
1757:Tribunal de prèmiere instance
1575:On 25 November 1839 a severe
1262:the then Governor General of
1185:a grant of the five Circars.
866:has been issued by the Nawab
431:Reason for European interests
6218:Port Louis-Philippe (Akaroa)
5307:Sen, Sailendra Nath (2012).
4923:. Government of India. 1954.
4043:William F. S. Miles (2014).
2136:Glimpse of Official Holidays
1767:Calmels (Jean-René-Eucher),
1469:During the French Revolution
1196:of this treaty stated that,
655:Uncertainty in early history
604:wells). People say that the
284:• De facto transfer to
6458: and Antarctic Lands
5418:
5411:
5376:. Government of Pondicherry
5372:Department of Agriculture.
5008:. Sura Books. p. 148.
4162:. R. O. Ballou. p. 81.
3577:
3547:
3437:
3363:
3354:
3102:seated second from the left
2186:Common religious festivals
1602:
1586:
1023:
1015:
1007:
1000:
954:Nawab Subedar of the Deccan
833:for the establishment of a
673:Mandal and Chirra Yanam in
596:
297:• De jure transfer to
6678:
5487:Sa Majesté Très Chrétienne
4018:. Trübner. pp. 52–53.
3987:P. Raghunanda Rao (1988).
3953:. Government of Puducherry
3681:Marquis de Bussy-Castelnau
3233:and the other enclaves of
2877:
2018:
2003:French Metropolitan Decree
1988:
1932:
1926:
1920:
1883:
1877:
1871:
1673:was working as a judge at
1047:, granted the district of
42:French settlement of Yanam
29:
6571:
6466:
6427:
6416:
6375:Saint Pierre and Miquelon
6304:
6293:
6236:French East India Company
6226:
6011:
5999:French West India Company
5989:
5808:
5781:
5566:
5485:It is an abbreviation of
5472:It is an abbreviation of
4954:. Lok Sabha Secretariat.
4874:Pran Nath Chopra (1992).
4479:(in French). E. Champion.
4284:. Routledge. p. 99.
3888:Aligarh Muslim University
3226:Merger in Puducherry U.T.
2997:
2984:
2976:
2963:
2944:
2937:
2931:
2185:
2159:
2151:
2015:Structure of municipality
1612:
1596:
1558:
1551:
1543:
1456:
1449:
1445:French East India Company
1441:
1405:Second British occupation
1351:1767 memoire by Lauriston
1329:French East India Company
1325:
1318:
1314:French East India Company
1310:
1045:French East India Company
905:that was issued in 1743.
755:French East India Company
694:, near the (Paragana of)
320:
316:
312:
308:
273:(France lost Sovereignty)
205:
193:
177:
173:
129:
100:
66:
61:
53:
6514: the Indian Ocean
5374:"History the Department"
4752:Ajīta Kaura, Arpana Caur
4642:Lee Allyn Davis (2008).
4602:. P. Dupont. p. 50.
4397:"Treaty of Paris (1963)"
4310:Sarojini Regani (1988).
2906:Dadala Raphael Ramanayya
2849:The 2nd Viscount Goschen
2056:Election results of 1948
1985:Municipal administration
1637:first instance in 1857,
1514:Third British occupation
1138:First British occupation
62:January 1723–August 1962
6422:Uninhabited territories
5933:Saint Kitts & Nevis
5336:. Primus. p. 135.
5191:Jamie Trinidad (2018).
4948:G. C. Malhotra (2004).
4617:. Trübner. p. 209.
4134:Glimpses of Pondicherry
3740:P. Swarnalatha (2005).
3639:Dadala Rafael Ramanayya
3616:Tirupati Venkata Kavulu
3265:(i.e. settlements) and
2839:Yanam-Neelapalli Bridge
1846:By the decree of 1946,
622:Yanam dutch settlements
590:Possible Dutch presence
444:, a big village in the
18:Yanaon (Inde française)
6352: collectivities
6190:Sanjak of Alexandretta
6043:Former French colonies
5840:Former French colonies
5598:Former French colonies
5553:French overseas empire
4798:P Raja (7 July 2020).
4439:Siba Pada Sen (1971).
3292:
3172:1956 Treaty of Cession
3115:
2948:Provisional Government
2918:
2914:provisional government
2901:
2870:
2704:Virampattinam festival
2682:Virampattinam festival
1852:Territoire d'outre-mer
1562:French Colonial Empire
1547:French Colonial Empire
1528:Treaty of Paris (1814)
1460:French Colonial Empire
1434:
1427:
1373:
1338:1765 dispute of market
1289:After the transfer of
1251:
1239:Nabob of the Carnatick
1200:
1190:Treaty of Paris (1763)
1188:The Article XI of the
1157:to the English. Later
769:
727:Battle of Shakar Kheda
636:
626:East Godavari district
231:• Re-established
54:Former subdivision of
45:
6299:Inhabited territories
6231:France–Asia relations
5786:Somaliland (Djibouti)
5002:Udhaya Kumar (2004).
4975:S. Steinberg (1963).
4834:The Hindu, 4 May 1954
4613:Henry Morris (1878).
4598:Paul Dislère (1886).
4014:Henry Morris (1878).
3918:M. A. Nayeem (1985).
3706:Coup d'État de Yanaon
3608:First Laurel Poet of
3206:Vidhitāntaraṇa Dinamu
3063:
3013:Neelam Sanjeeva Reddy
2891:
2884:Yanam had a dominant
2880:Coup d'État de Yanaon
2868:
1933:Further information:
1927:Further information:
1884:Further information:
1878:Further information:
1424:
1386:Jean Law de Lauriston
1380:'s memoire on Yanaon.
1378:Jean Law de Lauriston
1301:from the sea, on the
1260:Jean Law de Lauriston
1198:
985:Padishah of Hindustan
958:Circar of Masulipatam
868:Dost Ali Khan Bahadur
814:to re-establish up a
773:1731 Re-establishment
752:
725:right after the 1724
634:
304:16 August August 1962
6577:overseas departments
6512:Scattered Islands in
6393: collectivity
5851:French North America
5409:by a local ruler to
4847:Animesh Rai (2020).
4583:Arghya Bose (2019).
4552:Gardeners' Chronicle
4367:J.B.P. More (2007).
4278:J.B.P. More (2020).
3729:(in French). Pougin.
3624:Bezawada Bapa Naidou
3419:State of West Bengal
3293:par un geste d'amité
3257:became independent,
3202:De jure Transfer Day
3151:The Prime Minister,
3084:seated in the centre
2910:Indian National Flag
2652:Pondichéry, Karikal
2637:Tamil New Year's Day
2626:Pondichéry, Karikal,
2602:Pondichéry, Karikal,
2578:Pondichéry, Karikal,
2552:Pondichéry, Karikal,
2526:Pondichéry, Karikal,
2500:Pondichéry, Karikal,
2474:Pondichéry, Karikal,
2448:Pondichéry, Karikal,
2422:Pondichéry, Karikal,
2396:Pondichéry, Karikal,
2370:Pondichéry, Karikal,
2344:Pondichéry, Karikal,
2318:Pondichéry, Karikal,
2292:Pondichéry, Karikal,
2262:Pondichéry, Karikal,
2236:Pondichéry, Karikal,
2210:Pondichéry, Karikal,
2179:Pondichéry, Karikal,
2111:Bezawada Bapa Naidou
1854:) of France. Then a
1682:Local administration
1536:Yanaon 12 April 1817
1213:(In the East Indies
1083:In December 1753, a
937:Era of Muzaffar Jung
478:/Madapollam (1679),
446:Circar of Rajamindri
6624: /
6546:Juan de Nova Island
6433:North Pacific Ocean
6045:in Asia and Oceania
3654:Kamichetty Savithri
3644:Samatam Krouschnaya
3320:
3263:five establishments
3031:were despatching a
2874:Liberation of Yanam
2770:Sani Pethi festival
2152:Number of Holidays
1979:Kamichetty Savithri
1960:Kamichetty Savithri
1942:Erra Jagannadha Rao
1812:Chambre des députés
1669:While the linguist
1032:Era of Salabat Jung
921:After the death of
723:Hyderabad sultanate
525:
211:• Established
6451:Overseas territory
5976:France Antarctique
5963:Equinoctial France
5926:Dominican Republic
5476:(i.e. His Majesty)
4137:. Busy Bee Books.
3676:Yanam Municipality
3336:Treaty of Cession
3333:de facto transfer
3316:
3146:Kizhoor referendum
3116:
3097:Stanislas Ostroróg
2934:British Occupation
2871:
2660:Villianur festival
2459:Vinayaka Chaturthi
2160:National festival
2126:Samatam Krishnayya
2038:Yanam Municipality
2021:Yanam Municipality
1715:Gouverneur Général
1480:After Bluter, Mr.
1270:from the ruler of
1247:Subah of the Decan
1177:obtained from the
1070:Ahmad Shah Bahadur
992:Ahmad Shah Bahadur
770:
681:1723 Establishment
637:
523:
256:Ahmad Shah Bahadur
6628:16.733°N 82.217°E
6607:
6606:
6603:
6602:
6567:
6566:
6563:
6562:
6559:
6558:
6502:Amsterdam Islands
6493:Kerguelen Islands
6441:Clipperton Island
6412:
6411:
6408:
6407:
6380:Wallis and Futuna
6248:
6247:
6244:
6243:
6148:Mandate for Syria
6138:Kouang-Tchéou-Wan
6100:Indochinese Union
6007:
6006:
5804:
5803:
5717:Equatorial Africa
5343:978-93-80607-41-2
5318:978-93-80607-23-8
5204:978-11-08307-78-9
5097:978-01-98835-09-7
5058:(in French). 1956
4860:979-10-36549-89-2
4645:Natural Disasters
4558:: 338, 378. 1892.
4420:(in French). 2009
3897:978-0-19-560379-8
3597:Kizhur referendum
3544:
3543:
3537:UT of Pondicherry
3493:UT of Pondicherry
3459:UT of Pondicherry
3385:UT of Pondicherry
3339:de jure transfer
3194:French parliament
3165:Pakirisamy Pillai
3136:were transferred
3119:De facto transfer
3068:Republic of India
3029:French government
3005:
3004:
2998:Succeeded by
2977:Succeeded by
2945:Succeeded by
2857:Madras presidency
2836:
2835:
2726:Kandurai festival
2046:Municipal council
1568:
1567:
1559:Succeeded by
1475:French Revolution
1466:
1465:
1457:Succeeded by
1335:
1334:
1326:Succeeded by
1235:Mahomet Ally Khan
1117:Subedar of Deccan
1078:Subedar of Deccan
1039:, the son of the
943:20 September 1750
917:Era of Nasir Jung
583:Rajamundry circar
578:
577:
402:[jaːnaːm]
393:[janaˈɔ̃]
382:
381:
378:
377:
374:
373:
354:
353:
221:• Abandoned
183: • Type
16:(Redirected from
6669:
6639:
6638:
6636:
6635:
6634:
6629:
6625:
6622:
6621:
6620:
6617:
6532:Glorioso Islands
6513:
6464:
6457:
6453:
6429:
6418:
6392:
6365:Saint Barthélemy
6360:French Polynesia
6351:
6311:
6306:
6295:
6280:
6273:
6266:
6257:
6065:Coromandel Coast
6036:
6029:
6022:
6013:
5894:French Caribbean
5874:Terre Neuve
5833:
5826:
5819:
5810:
5591:
5584:
5577:
5568:
5564:
5546:
5539:
5532:
5523:
5512:District website
5499:
5496:
5490:
5483:
5477:
5470:
5464:
5461:
5455:
5452:
5446:
5430:
5424:
5421:
5414:
5403:
5386:
5385:
5383:
5381:
5369:
5363:
5362:
5354:
5348:
5347:
5329:
5323:
5322:
5311:. Primus Books.
5304:
5293:
5292:
5290:
5288:
5277:
5271:
5270:
5268:
5266:
5261:. 25 August 2014
5251:
5242:
5241:
5239:
5237:
5231:
5220:
5209:
5208:
5188:
5182:
5181:
5179:
5177:
5171:
5163:
5154:
5153:
5151:
5149:
5144:. 16 August 2016
5134:
5128:
5127:
5125:
5123:
5108:
5102:
5101:
5083:
5068:
5067:
5065:
5063:
5052:
5046:
5045:
5043:
5041:
5026:
5020:
5019:
4999:
4993:
4992:
4972:
4966:
4965:
4945:
4939:
4938:
4931:
4925:
4924:
4913:
4907:
4904:
4898:
4897:
4889:
4880:
4879:
4871:
4865:
4864:
4844:
4835:
4832:
4826:
4825:
4818:
4812:
4811:
4809:
4807:
4802:. Times of India
4795:
4789:
4786:
4780:
4779:
4777:
4775:
4770:
4762:
4756:
4755:
4744:
4738:
4735:
4729:
4726:
4720:
4717:
4711:
4708:
4693:
4690:
4684:
4681:
4675:
4674:
4666:
4660:
4659:
4639:
4633:
4632:
4625:
4619:
4618:
4610:
4604:
4603:
4595:
4589:
4588:
4580:
4574:
4573:
4566:
4560:
4559:
4544:
4538:
4537:
4529:
4523:
4522:
4502:
4496:
4495:
4487:
4481:
4480:
4472:
4466:
4463:
4457:
4456:
4436:
4430:
4429:
4427:
4425:
4414:
4408:
4407:
4405:
4403:
4393:
4387:
4386:
4379:
4373:
4372:
4364:
4355:
4354:
4334:
4328:
4327:
4307:
4296:
4295:
4275:
4269:
4266:
4260:
4259:
4250:
4244:
4243:
4236:
4223:
4222:
4215:
4209:
4208:
4201:
4195:
4194:
4187:
4181:
4180:
4173:
4164:
4163:
4155:
4149:
4148:
4128:
4119:
4118:
4116:
4114:
4100:
4094:
4093:
4085:
4079:
4078:
4070:
4061:
4060:
4040:
4034:
4033:
4026:
4020:
4019:
4011:
4005:
4004:
3984:
3978:
3977:
3969:
3963:
3962:
3960:
3958:
3947:
3936:
3935:
3915:
3909:
3908:
3906:
3904:
3874:
3868:
3867:
3859:
3853:
3852:
3844:
3829:
3828:
3820:
3807:
3806:
3799:
3782:
3781:
3776:E. Keys (1885).
3773:
3758:
3757:
3737:
3731:
3730:
3722:
3581:
3551:
3540:
3496:
3478:1 November 1954
3462:
3444:1 November 1954
3441:
3422:
3407:2 February 1951
3388:
3370:1 November 1954
3367:
3358:
3321:
3303:
3295:
3188:De jure transfer
3153:Jawaharlal Nehru
3079:Jawaharlal Nehru
3009:Jawaharlal Nehru
2958:
2932:Preceded by
2929:
2921:
2826:
2802:
2778:
2756:
2734:
2712:
2690:
2668:
2646:
2620:
2596:
2572:
2546:
2537:Vaikunta Ekadasi
2520:
2494:
2468:
2442:
2416:
2390:
2364:
2338:
2312:
2286:
2256:
2230:
2204:
2173:
2143:
1769:greffier-notaire
1763:procureur du Roi
1741:officer de santé
1628:simple village.
1625:Henry Piddington
1614:
1605:
1598:
1589:
1544:Preceded by
1541:
1442:Preceded by
1439:
1430:
1381:
1311:Preceded by
1308:
1291:Northern Circars
1210:
1149:Northern Circars
1125:Northern Circars
1113:Northern Circars
1026:
1018:
1010:
1003:
760:("Canon de 4").
733:1727 Abandonment
721:and forming the
707:King of Golconda
645:Jaggernaikpoeram
599:
526:
452:Seven Years' War
437:Northern Circars
413:
411:[eːnaːm]
408:
404:
399:
395:
390:
370:
369:
358:
357:
345:
344:
338:
337:
322:
321:
274:
184:
105:
88:
74:
48:
39:
21:
6677:
6676:
6672:
6671:
6670:
6668:
6667:
6666:
6642:
6641:
6632:
6630:
6626:
6623:
6618:
6615:
6613:
6611:
6610:
6608:
6599:
6581:Claimed by the
6555:
6551:Tromelin Island
6522:Bassas da India
6506:
6456:French Southern
6445:
6423:
6404:
6384:
6344:
6312: regions
6300:
6289:
6287:Overseas France
6284:
6240:
6222:
6194:
6180:Greater Lebanon
6150:and the Lebanon
6149:
6142:
6094:
6046:
6040:
6003:
5985:
5957:
5888:
5845:
5843:in the Americas
5837:
5800:
5777:
5749:
5711:
5629:
5601:
5595:
5555:
5550:
5508:
5503:
5502:
5497:
5493:
5484:
5480:
5471:
5467:
5462:
5458:
5453:
5449:
5431:
5427:
5404:
5400:
5395:
5390:
5389:
5379:
5377:
5371:
5370:
5366:
5356:
5355:
5351:
5344:
5331:
5330:
5326:
5319:
5306:
5305:
5296:
5286:
5284:
5279:
5278:
5274:
5264:
5262:
5253:
5252:
5245:
5235:
5233:
5229:
5222:
5221:
5212:
5205:
5190:
5189:
5185:
5175:
5173:
5169:
5165:
5164:
5157:
5147:
5145:
5136:
5135:
5131:
5121:
5119:
5117:The News Minute
5110:
5109:
5105:
5098:
5085:
5084:
5071:
5061:
5059:
5054:
5053:
5049:
5039:
5037:
5028:
5027:
5023:
5016:
5001:
5000:
4996:
4989:
4974:
4973:
4969:
4962:
4947:
4946:
4942:
4935:"Civil Affairs"
4933:
4932:
4928:
4915:
4914:
4910:
4905:
4901:
4891:
4890:
4883:
4873:
4872:
4868:
4861:
4846:
4845:
4838:
4833:
4829:
4820:
4819:
4815:
4805:
4803:
4797:
4796:
4792:
4787:
4783:
4773:
4771:
4768:
4764:
4763:
4759:
4746:
4745:
4741:
4736:
4732:
4727:
4723:
4718:
4714:
4709:
4696:
4691:
4687:
4682:
4678:
4668:
4667:
4663:
4656:
4641:
4640:
4636:
4627:
4626:
4622:
4612:
4611:
4607:
4597:
4596:
4592:
4582:
4581:
4577:
4568:
4567:
4563:
4546:
4545:
4541:
4531:
4530:
4526:
4519:
4504:
4503:
4499:
4489:
4488:
4484:
4474:
4473:
4469:
4464:
4460:
4453:
4438:
4437:
4433:
4423:
4421:
4416:
4415:
4411:
4401:
4399:
4395:
4394:
4390:
4381:
4380:
4376:
4366:
4365:
4358:
4351:
4336:
4335:
4331:
4324:
4309:
4308:
4299:
4292:
4277:
4276:
4272:
4267:
4263:
4252:
4251:
4247:
4238:
4237:
4226:
4217:
4216:
4212:
4203:
4202:
4198:
4189:
4188:
4184:
4175:
4174:
4167:
4157:
4156:
4152:
4145:
4130:
4129:
4122:
4112:
4110:
4102:
4101:
4097:
4087:
4086:
4082:
4072:
4071:
4064:
4057:
4042:
4041:
4037:
4028:
4027:
4023:
4013:
4012:
4008:
4001:
3986:
3985:
3981:
3971:
3970:
3966:
3956:
3954:
3949:
3948:
3939:
3932:
3917:
3916:
3912:
3902:
3900:
3898:
3876:
3875:
3871:
3861:
3860:
3856:
3846:
3845:
3832:
3822:
3821:
3810:
3801:
3800:
3785:
3775:
3774:
3761:
3754:
3739:
3738:
3734:
3724:
3723:
3719:
3714:
3667:
3659:Manyam Zamindar
3605:
3576:
3546:
3533:
3532:
3515:1 November 1954
3489:
3488:
3484:16 August 1962
3455:
3454:
3450:16 August 1962
3436:
3435:18 October 1954
3415:
3414:
3381:
3380:
3376:16 August 1962
3362:
3361:18 October 1954
3353:
3297:
3251:
3243:Union Territory
3228:
3190:
3174:
3161:Edouard Goubert
3121:
3090:French Republic
3021:
3001:
2994:
2987:
2980:
2973:
2966:
2959:
2952:
2951:
2941:
2935:
2924:All India Radio
2919:Yanaon a Libéré
2882:
2876:
2862:
2841:
2820:
2819:
2796:
2795:
2793:Vishnu festival
2772:
2771:
2750:
2749:
2728:
2727:
2706:
2705:
2684:
2683:
2662:
2661:
2640:
2639:
2627:
2614:
2613:
2603:
2590:
2589:
2579:
2566:
2565:
2553:
2540:
2539:
2527:
2514:
2513:
2501:
2488:
2487:
2475:
2462:
2461:
2449:
2436:
2435:
2423:
2410:
2409:
2397:
2384:
2383:
2371:
2358:
2357:
2345:
2332:
2331:
2319:
2306:
2305:
2293:
2280:
2279:
2263:
2250:
2249:
2237:
2224:
2223:
2211:
2198:
2197:
2180:
2171:
2138:
2058:
2023:
2017:
2005:
1993:
1987:
1937:
1931:
1925:
1919:
1910:Canacala Tataya
1888:
1882:
1876:
1870:
1844:
1832:
1820:
1804:
1761:Sicé (Eugène),
1689:
1684:
1667:
1655:First World War
1634:
1573:
1564:
1555:
1549:
1524:Napoleonic wars
1516:
1490:Telugu language
1482:Pierre Sonnerat
1471:
1462:
1453:
1447:
1431:
1407:
1383:
1376:— Extract from
1375:
1353:
1340:
1331:
1322:
1316:
1212:
1205:
1140:
1127:by the French.
1091:the circars of
1034:
1028:(or Paravana).
989:Mughal Padishah
939:
919:
907:Anwaruddin Khan
884:
860:
852:of Rajamahendri
800:
787:Anwaruddin Khan
775:
735:
701:to establish a
683:
657:
635:Colonial Yanaon
616:in the mint at
592:
517:Jagannathapuram
456:guinées du Nord
433:
428:
406:
397:
388:
367:
349:Hyderabad State
342:
301:
291:1 November 1954
288:
275:
272:
271:
258:
245:
232:
222:
212:
182:
166:
156:
146:
136:
106:
96:
95:
94:
89:
81:
80:
75:
49:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
6675:
6673:
6665:
6664:
6659:
6654:
6644:
6643:
6633:16.733; 82.217
6605:
6604:
6601:
6600:
6598:
6597:
6591:
6585:
6579:
6575:Also known as
6572:
6569:
6568:
6565:
6564:
6561:
6560:
6557:
6556:
6554:
6553:
6548:
6543:
6542:
6541:
6538:Banc du Geyser
6529:
6524:
6518:
6516:
6508:
6507:
6505:
6504:
6495:
6490:
6485:
6480:
6478:Crozet Islands
6475:
6467:
6461:
6447:
6446:
6444:
6443:
6437:
6435:
6425:
6424:
6421:
6414:
6413:
6410:
6409:
6406:
6405:
6403:
6402:
6396:
6394:
6386:
6385:
6383:
6382:
6377:
6372:
6367:
6362:
6356:
6354:
6346:
6345:
6343:
6342:
6337:
6332:
6327:
6322:
6316:
6314:
6302:
6301:
6298:
6291:
6290:
6285:
6283:
6282:
6275:
6268:
6260:
6254:
6250:
6249:
6246:
6245:
6242:
6241:
6239:
6238:
6233:
6227:
6224:
6223:
6221:
6220:
6215:
6214:
6213:
6202:
6200:
6196:
6195:
6193:
6192:
6187:
6185:Jabal al-Druze
6182:
6177:
6172:
6171:
6170:
6165:
6158:State of Syria
6154:
6152:
6144:
6143:
6141:
6140:
6135:
6134:
6133:
6128:
6123:
6115:
6110:
6104:
6102:
6096:
6095:
6093:
6092:
6087:
6082:
6077:
6072:
6067:
6062:
6056:
6054:
6048:
6047:
6041:
6039:
6038:
6031:
6024:
6016:
6009:
6008:
6005:
6004:
6002:
6001:
5996:
5990:
5987:
5986:
5984:
5983:
5978:
5973:
5967:
5965:
5959:
5958:
5956:
5955:
5953:Virgin Islands
5950:
5945:
5940:
5935:
5930:
5929:
5928:
5917:Saint-Domingue
5914:
5912:The Grenadines
5909:
5904:
5898:
5896:
5890:
5889:
5887:
5886:
5881:
5879:French Florida
5876:
5871:
5866:
5861:
5855:
5853:
5847:
5846:
5838:
5836:
5835:
5828:
5821:
5813:
5806:
5805:
5802:
5801:
5799:
5798:
5796:Isle de France
5793:
5788:
5782:
5779:
5778:
5776:
5775:
5770:
5765:
5759:
5757:
5751:
5750:
5748:
5747:
5742:
5737:
5732:
5727:
5721:
5719:
5713:
5712:
5710:
5709:
5704:
5699:
5694:
5689:
5688:
5687:
5677:
5672:
5671:
5670:
5660:
5655:
5650:
5645:
5639:
5637:
5631:
5630:
5628:
5627:
5622:
5617:
5611:
5609:
5603:
5602:
5596:
5594:
5593:
5586:
5579:
5571:
5561:
5557:
5556:
5551:
5549:
5548:
5541:
5534:
5526:
5520:
5519:
5514:
5507:
5506:External links
5504:
5501:
5500:
5491:
5478:
5465:
5456:
5447:
5425:
5397:
5396:
5394:
5391:
5388:
5387:
5364:
5361:. 17 May 1954.
5349:
5342:
5324:
5317:
5294:
5272:
5243:
5210:
5203:
5183:
5155:
5129:
5103:
5096:
5069:
5047:
5021:
5014:
5005:Mira to Mother
4994:
4987:
4967:
4960:
4940:
4926:
4908:
4899:
4881:
4866:
4859:
4836:
4827:
4813:
4790:
4781:
4757:
4739:
4730:
4721:
4712:
4694:
4685:
4676:
4661:
4654:
4634:
4620:
4605:
4590:
4575:
4561:
4539:
4524:
4517:
4497:
4482:
4467:
4458:
4451:
4431:
4409:
4388:
4374:
4356:
4349:
4329:
4322:
4297:
4290:
4270:
4261:
4245:
4224:
4210:
4196:
4182:
4165:
4150:
4143:
4120:
4095:
4080:
4062:
4055:
4035:
4021:
4006:
3999:
3979:
3964:
3937:
3930:
3910:
3896:
3890:. p. 60.
3869:
3854:
3830:
3808:
3783:
3759:
3752:
3732:
3716:
3715:
3713:
3710:
3709:
3708:
3703:
3698:
3693:
3688:
3683:
3678:
3673:
3666:
3663:
3662:
3661:
3656:
3651:
3646:
3641:
3636:
3631:
3626:
3604:
3601:
3542:
3541:
3527:
3525:16 August 1962
3522:
3517:
3512:
3509:
3504:
3498:
3497:
3485:
3482:
3479:
3476:
3473:
3470:
3464:
3463:
3451:
3448:
3445:
3442:
3433:
3430:
3424:
3423:
3413:2 October 1954
3411:
3408:
3405:
3402:
3399:
3396:
3390:
3389:
3377:
3374:
3371:
3368:
3359:
3350:
3344:
3343:
3340:
3337:
3334:
3331:
3328:
3325:
3324:Establishment
3318:Inde française
3250:
3247:
3227:
3224:
3189:
3186:
3173:
3170:
3120:
3117:
3020:
3017:
3003:
3002:
2999:
2996:
2982:
2981:
2978:
2975:
2961:
2960:
2946:
2943:
2936:
2933:
2878:Main article:
2875:
2872:
2840:
2837:
2834:
2833:
2830:
2827:
2814:
2810:
2809:
2806:
2803:
2790:
2786:
2785:
2782:
2779:
2768:
2764:
2763:
2760:
2757:
2748:Mango festival
2746:
2742:
2741:
2738:
2735:
2724:
2720:
2719:
2716:
2713:
2702:
2698:
2697:
2694:
2691:
2680:
2676:
2675:
2672:
2669:
2658:
2654:
2653:
2650:
2647:
2634:
2630:
2629:
2624:
2621:
2610:
2606:
2605:
2600:
2597:
2586:
2582:
2581:
2576:
2573:
2560:
2556:
2555:
2550:
2547:
2534:
2530:
2529:
2524:
2521:
2508:
2504:
2503:
2498:
2495:
2482:
2478:
2477:
2472:
2469:
2456:
2452:
2451:
2446:
2443:
2430:
2426:
2425:
2420:
2417:
2404:
2400:
2399:
2394:
2391:
2378:
2374:
2373:
2368:
2365:
2352:
2348:
2347:
2342:
2339:
2326:
2322:
2321:
2316:
2313:
2303:All Soul's Day
2300:
2296:
2295:
2290:
2287:
2270:
2266:
2265:
2260:
2257:
2244:
2240:
2239:
2234:
2231:
2218:
2214:
2213:
2208:
2205:
2195:New Year's Day
2192:
2188:
2187:
2183:
2182:
2177:
2174:
2169:Fête nationale
2166:
2162:
2161:
2157:
2156:
2155:Establishment
2153:
2150:
2147:
2137:
2134:
2107:
2106:
2105:
2104:
2098:
2057:
2054:
2016:
2013:
2004:
2001:
1989:Main article:
1986:
1983:
1975:
1974:
1967:constituency:
1957:constituency:
1951:
1918:
1915:
1914:
1913:
1902:
1869:
1866:
1843:
1840:
1831:
1828:
1824:Third Republic
1819:
1816:
1803:
1800:
1799:
1798:
1797:
1796:
1795:
1794:
1793:
1792:
1780:
1779:
1778:
1773:Vingatramaya,
1771:
1765:
1751:
1744:
1737:
1736:
1735:
1722:
1688:
1685:
1683:
1680:
1666:
1663:
1633:
1630:
1572:
1569:
1566:
1565:
1560:
1557:
1550:
1545:
1515:
1512:
1470:
1467:
1464:
1463:
1458:
1455:
1448:
1443:
1406:
1403:
1388:, Governor of
1354:
1352:
1349:
1339:
1336:
1333:
1332:
1327:
1324:
1317:
1312:
1282:of the Circar
1225:as on that of
1139:
1136:
1033:
1030:
938:
935:
918:
915:
911:Nawab of Arcot
883:
880:
859:
856:
799:
796:
783:Mir Qamaruddin
774:
771:
734:
731:
692:Godavari River
682:
679:
669:(S. Yanam) in
667:Surasani Yanam
656:
653:
591:
588:
576:
575:
570:
565:
560:
555:
551:
550:
545:
540:
535:
530:
432:
429:
427:
424:
380:
379:
376:
375:
372:
371:
364:
355:
352:
351:
346:
334:
333:
328:
318:
317:
314:
313:
310:
309:
306:
305:
302:
296:
293:
292:
289:
283:
280:
279:
276:
266:
263:
262:
259:
253:
250:
249:
246:
240:
237:
236:
233:
230:
227:
226:
223:
220:
217:
216:
213:
210:
207:
206:
203:
202:
199:
198:Historical era
195:
194:
191:
190:
185:
179:
178:
175:
174:
171:
170:
167:
164:
161:
160:
157:
154:
151:
150:
147:
144:
141:
140:
137:
134:
131:
130:
127:
126:
123:
119:
118:
113:
109:
108:
98:
97:
90:
83:
82:
76:
69:
68:
67:
64:
63:
59:
58:
51:
50:
43:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6674:
6663:
6660:
6658:
6655:
6653:
6650:
6649:
6647:
6640:
6637:
6596:
6592:
6590:
6586:
6584:
6580:
6578:
6574:
6573:
6570:
6552:
6549:
6547:
6544:
6540:
6539:
6535:
6534:
6533:
6530:
6528:
6527:Europa Island
6525:
6523:
6520:
6519:
6517:
6515:
6509:
6503:
6499:
6496:
6494:
6491:
6489:
6486:
6484:
6481:
6479:
6476:
6474:
6473:
6469:
6468:
6465:
6462:
6459:
6452:
6448:
6442:
6439:
6438:
6436:
6434:
6430:
6426:
6419:
6415:
6401:
6400:New Caledonia
6398:
6397:
6395:
6391:
6387:
6381:
6378:
6376:
6373:
6371:
6368:
6366:
6363:
6361:
6358:
6357:
6355:
6353:
6347:
6341:
6338:
6336:
6333:
6331:
6328:
6326:
6323:
6321:
6320:French Guiana
6318:
6317:
6315:
6313:
6307:
6303:
6296:
6292:
6288:
6281:
6276:
6274:
6269:
6267:
6262:
6261:
6258:
6255:
6251:
6237:
6234:
6232:
6229:
6228:
6225:
6219:
6216:
6212:
6209:
6208:
6207:
6204:
6203:
6201:
6197:
6191:
6188:
6186:
6183:
6181:
6178:
6176:
6175:Alawite State
6173:
6169:
6166:
6164:
6161:
6160:
6159:
6156:
6155:
6153:
6151:
6145:
6139:
6136:
6132:
6129:
6127:
6124:
6122:
6119:
6118:
6116:
6114:
6111:
6109:
6106:
6105:
6103:
6101:
6097:
6091:
6088:
6086:
6083:
6081:
6078:
6076:
6073:
6071:
6068:
6066:
6063:
6061:
6058:
6057:
6055:
6053:
6049:
6044:
6037:
6032:
6030:
6025:
6023:
6018:
6017:
6014:
6010:
6000:
5997:
5995:
5992:
5991:
5988:
5982:
5979:
5977:
5974:
5972:
5969:
5968:
5966:
5964:
5960:
5954:
5951:
5949:
5946:
5944:
5943:Saint Vincent
5941:
5939:
5936:
5934:
5931:
5927:
5923:
5920:
5919:
5918:
5915:
5913:
5910:
5908:
5905:
5903:
5900:
5899:
5897:
5895:
5891:
5885:
5882:
5880:
5877:
5875:
5872:
5870:
5867:
5865:
5862:
5860:
5857:
5856:
5854:
5852:
5848:
5844:
5841:
5834:
5829:
5827:
5822:
5820:
5815:
5814:
5811:
5807:
5797:
5794:
5792:
5789:
5787:
5784:
5783:
5780:
5774:
5771:
5769:
5768:Grande Comore
5766:
5764:
5761:
5760:
5758:
5756:
5752:
5746:
5743:
5741:
5738:
5736:
5733:
5731:
5728:
5726:
5723:
5722:
5720:
5718:
5714:
5708:
5705:
5703:
5700:
5698:
5695:
5693:
5690:
5686:
5685:Four Communes
5683:
5682:
5681:
5678:
5676:
5673:
5669:
5668:Arguin Island
5666:
5665:
5664:
5661:
5659:
5656:
5654:
5651:
5649:
5646:
5644:
5643:Côte d'Ivoire
5641:
5640:
5638:
5636:
5632:
5626:
5623:
5621:
5618:
5616:
5613:
5612:
5610:
5608:
5604:
5599:
5592:
5587:
5585:
5580:
5578:
5573:
5572:
5569:
5565:
5562:
5558:
5554:
5547:
5542:
5540:
5535:
5533:
5528:
5527:
5524:
5518:
5515:
5513:
5510:
5509:
5505:
5495:
5492:
5488:
5482:
5479:
5475:
5469:
5466:
5460:
5457:
5451:
5448:
5444:
5439:
5435:
5429:
5426:
5422:
5420:
5413:
5408:
5402:
5399:
5392:
5375:
5368:
5365:
5360:
5353:
5350:
5345:
5339:
5335:
5328:
5325:
5320:
5314:
5310:
5303:
5301:
5299:
5295:
5282:
5276:
5273:
5260:
5256:
5250:
5248:
5244:
5228:
5227:
5219:
5217:
5215:
5211:
5206:
5200:
5196:
5195:
5187:
5184:
5168:
5162:
5160:
5156:
5143:
5139:
5133:
5130:
5118:
5114:
5107:
5104:
5099:
5093:
5089:
5082:
5080:
5078:
5076:
5074:
5070:
5057:
5051:
5048:
5035:
5031:
5025:
5022:
5017:
5015:9788174784902
5011:
5007:
5006:
4998:
4995:
4990:
4988:9780230270893
4984:
4980:
4979:
4971:
4968:
4963:
4961:9788120004009
4957:
4953:
4952:
4944:
4941:
4936:
4930:
4927:
4922:
4918:
4912:
4909:
4903:
4900:
4895:
4888:
4886:
4882:
4877:
4870:
4867:
4862:
4856:
4852:
4851:
4843:
4841:
4837:
4831:
4828:
4823:
4817:
4814:
4801:
4794:
4791:
4785:
4782:
4767:
4761:
4758:
4753:
4749:
4743:
4740:
4734:
4731:
4725:
4722:
4716:
4713:
4707:
4705:
4703:
4701:
4699:
4695:
4689:
4686:
4680:
4677:
4672:
4665:
4662:
4657:
4655:9781438118789
4651:
4647:
4646:
4638:
4635:
4630:
4624:
4621:
4616:
4609:
4606:
4601:
4594:
4591:
4586:
4579:
4576:
4571:
4565:
4562:
4557:
4553:
4549:
4543:
4540:
4535:
4528:
4525:
4520:
4518:9788184050288
4514:
4510:
4509:
4501:
4498:
4493:
4486:
4483:
4478:
4471:
4468:
4462:
4459:
4454:
4452:9788121503747
4448:
4444:
4443:
4435:
4432:
4419:
4413:
4410:
4398:
4392:
4389:
4384:
4378:
4375:
4370:
4363:
4361:
4357:
4352:
4350:9788170221951
4346:
4342:
4341:
4333:
4330:
4325:
4323:9788170221951
4319:
4315:
4314:
4306:
4304:
4302:
4298:
4293:
4291:9781000263725
4287:
4283:
4282:
4274:
4271:
4265:
4262:
4257:
4256:
4249:
4246:
4241:
4235:
4233:
4231:
4229:
4225:
4220:
4214:
4211:
4206:
4200:
4197:
4192:
4186:
4183:
4178:
4172:
4170:
4166:
4161:
4154:
4151:
4146:
4144:9788187619093
4140:
4136:
4135:
4127:
4125:
4121:
4108:
4107:
4099:
4096:
4091:
4084:
4081:
4076:
4069:
4067:
4063:
4058:
4056:9780803267725
4052:
4048:
4047:
4039:
4036:
4031:
4025:
4022:
4017:
4010:
4007:
4002:
4000:9788120708785
3996:
3992:
3991:
3983:
3980:
3975:
3968:
3965:
3952:
3946:
3944:
3942:
3938:
3933:
3931:9788172243258
3927:
3923:
3922:
3914:
3911:
3899:
3893:
3889:
3885:
3884:
3879:
3873:
3870:
3865:
3858:
3855:
3850:
3843:
3841:
3839:
3837:
3835:
3831:
3826:
3819:
3817:
3815:
3813:
3809:
3804:
3798:
3796:
3794:
3792:
3790:
3788:
3784:
3779:
3772:
3770:
3768:
3766:
3764:
3760:
3755:
3753:9788125028680
3749:
3745:
3744:
3736:
3733:
3728:
3721:
3718:
3711:
3707:
3704:
3702:
3699:
3697:
3694:
3692:
3689:
3687:
3684:
3682:
3679:
3677:
3674:
3672:
3669:
3668:
3664:
3660:
3657:
3655:
3652:
3650:
3647:
3645:
3642:
3640:
3637:
3635:
3632:
3630:
3627:
3625:
3622:
3621:
3620:
3618:
3617:
3612:
3611:
3602:
3600:
3598:
3593:
3589:
3585:
3580:
3579:
3574:
3572:
3568:
3563:
3559:
3555:
3550:
3549:
3539:
3538:
3531:
3528:
3526:
3523:
3521:
3518:
3516:
3513:
3510:
3508:
3505:
3503:
3500:
3499:
3495:
3494:
3486:
3483:
3480:
3477:
3474:
3472:16 June 1954
3471:
3469:
3466:
3465:
3461:
3460:
3452:
3449:
3446:
3443:
3440:
3439:
3434:
3431:
3429:
3426:
3425:
3421:
3420:
3412:
3409:
3406:
3403:
3401:19 June 1949
3400:
3397:
3395:
3394:Chandernagore
3392:
3391:
3387:
3386:
3378:
3375:
3372:
3369:
3366:
3365:
3360:
3357:
3356:
3351:
3349:
3346:
3345:
3341:
3338:
3335:
3332:
3329:
3326:
3323:
3322:
3319:
3314:
3310:
3308:
3304:
3301:
3294:
3288:
3284:
3283:East Pakistan
3281:in India and
3280:
3276:
3272:
3268:
3267:twelve lodges
3264:
3261:consisted of
3260:
3256:
3255:British India
3248:
3246:
3244:
3240:
3236:
3232:
3225:
3223:
3221:
3220:
3215:
3211:
3207:
3203:
3199:
3195:
3187:
3185:
3183:
3179:
3171:
3169:
3166:
3162:
3158:
3154:
3149:
3147:
3143:
3139:
3135:
3131:
3127:
3118:
3113:
3112:
3107:
3103:
3099:
3098:
3092:
3091:
3088:On behalf of
3085:
3081:
3080:
3074:
3070:
3069:
3066:On behalf of
3062:
3058:
3056:
3052:
3048:
3044:
3042:
3038:
3037:administrator
3034:
3030:
3026:
3018:
3016:
3014:
3010:
2993:
2991:
2983:
2972:
2970:
2962:
2956:
2949:
2940:
2930:
2927:
2925:
2920:
2915:
2911:
2907:
2900:
2899:
2897:
2890:
2887:
2881:
2873:
2867:
2863:
2860:
2858:
2854:
2850:
2846:
2838:
2831:
2828:
2824:
2818:
2815:
2812:
2811:
2807:
2804:
2800:
2794:
2791:
2788:
2787:
2783:
2780:
2776:
2769:
2766:
2765:
2761:
2758:
2754:
2747:
2744:
2743:
2739:
2736:
2732:
2725:
2722:
2721:
2717:
2714:
2710:
2703:
2700:
2699:
2695:
2692:
2688:
2681:
2678:
2677:
2673:
2670:
2666:
2659:
2656:
2655:
2651:
2648:
2644:
2638:
2635:
2632:
2631:
2625:
2622:
2618:
2611:
2608:
2607:
2601:
2598:
2594:
2587:
2584:
2583:
2577:
2574:
2570:
2564:
2561:
2558:
2557:
2554:Mahé, Yanaon
2551:
2548:
2544:
2538:
2535:
2532:
2531:
2528:Mahé, Yanaon
2525:
2522:
2518:
2512:
2509:
2506:
2505:
2502:Mahé, Yanaon
2499:
2496:
2492:
2486:
2483:
2480:
2479:
2476:Mahé, Yanaon
2473:
2470:
2466:
2460:
2457:
2454:
2453:
2450:Mahé, Yanaon
2447:
2444:
2440:
2434:
2431:
2428:
2427:
2424:Mahé, Yanaon
2421:
2418:
2414:
2408:
2405:
2402:
2401:
2398:Mahé, Yanaon
2395:
2392:
2388:
2382:
2379:
2376:
2375:
2372:Mahé, Yanaon
2369:
2366:
2362:
2356:
2353:
2350:
2349:
2346:Mahé, Yanaon
2343:
2340:
2336:
2330:
2327:
2324:
2323:
2320:Mahé, Yanaon
2317:
2314:
2310:
2304:
2301:
2298:
2297:
2294:Mahé, Yanaon
2291:
2288:
2284:
2278:
2277:Holy Saturday
2274:
2271:
2268:
2267:
2264:Mahé, Yanaon
2261:
2258:
2254:
2248:
2245:
2242:
2241:
2238:Mahé, Yanaon
2235:
2232:
2228:
2222:
2219:
2216:
2215:
2212:Mahé, Yanaon
2209:
2206:
2202:
2196:
2193:
2190:
2189:
2184:
2181:Mahé, Yanaon
2178:
2175:
2170:
2167:
2164:
2163:
2158:
2154:
2148:
2145:
2144:
2141:
2135:
2133:
2131:
2127:
2123:
2119:
2116:
2112:
2102:
2099:
2096:
2093:
2092:
2090:
2087:
2086:
2085:
2083:
2079:
2075:
2071:
2067:
2062:
2055:
2053:
2051:
2047:
2043:
2039:
2035:
2031:
2027:
2022:
2014:
2012:
2009:
2002:
2000:
1998:
1992:
1984:
1982:
1980:
1972:
1971:
1966:
1965:Adiandhrapeta
1962:
1961:
1956:
1952:
1949:
1948:
1943:
1939:
1938:
1936:
1930:
1924:
1916:
1911:
1907:
1903:
1900:
1899:
1894:
1890:
1889:
1887:
1881:
1875:
1867:
1865:
1863:
1859:
1858:
1853:
1849:
1841:
1839:
1837:
1836:French Senate
1829:
1827:
1825:
1817:
1815:
1813:
1809:
1801:
1790:
1786:
1785:
1784:
1781:
1776:
1772:
1770:
1766:
1764:
1760:
1759:
1758:
1755:
1754:
1752:
1749:
1745:
1742:
1738:
1733:
1729:
1728:
1726:
1725:
1723:
1720:
1716:
1713:
1712:
1711:
1709:
1704:
1702:
1698:
1697:July Monarchy
1694:
1686:
1681:
1679:
1676:
1672:
1664:
1662:
1660:
1656:
1652:
1648:
1644:
1640:
1631:
1629:
1626:
1622:
1618:
1610:
1606:
1604:
1594:
1590:
1588:
1582:
1578:
1570:
1563:
1554:
1548:
1542:
1539:
1537:
1533:
1532:Machilipatnam
1529:
1525:
1521:
1513:
1511:
1509:
1504:
1502:
1498:
1493:
1491:
1487:
1483:
1478:
1476:
1468:
1461:
1452:
1446:
1440:
1437:
1433:
1429:
1423:
1421:
1416:
1413:
1412:February 1785
1404:
1402:
1400:
1395:
1391:
1387:
1382:
1379:
1372:
1369:
1365:
1360:
1350:
1348:
1346:
1337:
1330:
1321:
1315:
1309:
1306:
1304:
1303:Coringa River
1300:
1296:
1292:
1287:
1285:
1281:
1277:
1273:
1269:
1265:
1261:
1257:
1250:
1248:
1244:
1240:
1236:
1232:
1229:, as also in
1228:
1224:
1220:
1216:
1215:Great Britain
1209:
1206:
1197:
1195:
1191:
1186:
1184:
1180:
1176:
1172:
1168:
1164:
1160:
1156:
1155:
1150:
1146:
1137:
1135:
1133:
1128:
1126:
1122:
1118:
1114:
1110:
1106:
1102:
1098:
1094:
1090:
1086:
1081:
1079:
1075:
1071:
1067:
1063:
1062:
1056:
1054:
1050:
1046:
1042:
1041:Nizam al Mulk
1038:
1031:
1029:
1027:
1025:
1019:
1017:
1011:
1009:
1002:
997:
993:
990:
986:
982:
977:
975:
971:
967:
963:
959:
955:
951:
950:Muzaffar Jang
946:
944:
936:
934:
932:
931:Muzaffar Jung
928:
924:
916:
914:
912:
908:
904:
900:
896:
891:
889:
882:1735 Paravana
881:
879:
877:
876:Carnatic wars
873:
869:
865:
858:1734 Paravana
857:
855:
853:
851:
846:
845:
841:
836:
832:
828:
824:
819:
817:
813:
812:Machilipatnam
809:
805:
798:1731 Paravana
797:
795:
792:
788:
784:
780:
772:
767:
763:
759:
756:
751:
747:
745:
741:
732:
730:
728:
724:
720:
719:Mughal Empire
716:
712:
711:Mughal empire
708:
704:
700:
698:
693:
688:
680:
678:
676:
672:
668:
663:
654:
652:
650:
646:
642:
633:
629:
627:
623:
619:
615:
611:
607:
603:
598:
589:
587:
585:
584:
574:
573:Mughal Empire
571:
569:
566:
564:
561:
559:
556:
553:
552:
549:
546:
544:
541:
539:
536:
534:
531:
528:
527:
521:
519:
518:
513:
512:
507:
506:
501:
500:
499:Bendamurlanka
495:
494:
489:
488:
483:
482:
477:
476:
471:
470:
463:
461:
457:
453:
449:
447:
443:
438:
430:
425:
423:
421:
417:
412:
403:
394:
386:
365:
363:
362:Yanam (India)
360:
359:
356:
350:
347:
340:
339:
336:
335:
332:
329:
327:
324:
323:
319:
307:
303:
300:
290:
287:
277:
270:
260:
257:
247:
244:
243:Muzaffar Jung
234:
224:
214:
200:
196:
192:
189:
186:
172:
168:
158:
148:
138:
124:
117:
114:
104:
99:
93:
87:
79:
73:
65:
60:
57:
52:
47:
40:
37:
33:
19:
6657:French India
6609:
6536:
6470:
6370:Saint Martin
6206:New Hebrides
6060:Chandernagor
6052:French India
5884:French Texas
5740:Ubangi-Shari
5735:Middle Congo
5702:James Island
5607:North Africa
5494:
5486:
5481:
5473:
5468:
5459:
5450:
5442:
5433:
5428:
5416:
5406:
5401:
5378:. Retrieved
5367:
5358:
5352:
5333:
5327:
5308:
5285:. Retrieved
5275:
5263:. Retrieved
5258:
5234:. Retrieved
5225:
5193:
5186:
5174:. Retrieved
5146:. Retrieved
5141:
5132:
5120:. Retrieved
5116:
5106:
5087:
5060:. Retrieved
5050:
5038:. Retrieved
5033:
5024:
5004:
4997:
4977:
4970:
4950:
4943:
4929:
4920:
4911:
4902:
4893:
4869:
4849:
4830:
4816:
4804:. Retrieved
4793:
4784:
4772:. Retrieved
4760:
4751:
4742:
4733:
4724:
4715:
4688:
4679:
4664:
4644:
4637:
4623:
4608:
4593:
4578:
4564:
4555:
4551:
4542:
4527:
4507:
4500:
4485:
4470:
4461:
4441:
4434:
4422:. Retrieved
4412:
4400:. Retrieved
4391:
4377:
4339:
4332:
4312:
4280:
4273:
4264:
4254:
4248:
4213:
4199:
4185:
4153:
4133:
4111:. Retrieved
4105:
4098:
4083:
4045:
4038:
4024:
4009:
3989:
3982:
3967:
3955:. Retrieved
3920:
3913:
3901:. Retrieved
3882:
3872:
3857:
3742:
3735:
3720:
3696:French India
3671:Salabat Jung
3614:
3607:
3606:
3596:
3587:
3583:
3578:
3575:
3570:
3566:
3561:
3558:Tiroubouvane
3557:
3553:
3548:
3545:
3535:
3529:
3524:
3519:
3514:
3507:13 June 1954
3506:
3501:
3491:
3481:28 May 1956
3457:
3447:28 May 1956
3438:
3417:
3410:9 June 1952
3383:
3373:28 May 1956
3364:
3355:
3311:
3290:
3266:
3262:
3259:French India
3252:
3229:
3217:
3205:
3201:
3198:ratification
3191:
3182:Algerian War
3177:
3175:
3150:
3145:
3137:
3122:
3109:
3101:
3094:
3087:
3083:
3076:
3065:
3045:
3041:André Ménard
3022:
3006:
2985:
2964:
2938:
2902:
2896:Indian Union
2893:
2892:
2883:
2861:
2842:
2433:Milad-e-Nabi
2139:
2108:
2101:Independents
2100:
2094:
2088:
2063:
2059:
2049:
2033:
2025:
2024:
2010:
2006:
1997:French India
1994:
1976:
1968:
1964:
1958:
1955:Kanakalapeta
1954:
1945:
1944:(Congress);
1941:
1909:
1905:
1896:
1892:
1855:
1848:French India
1845:
1833:
1821:
1805:
1707:
1705:
1693:royal decree
1690:
1668:
1658:
1650:
1638:
1635:
1620:
1600:
1584:
1574:
1571:1839 Cyclone
1552:
1535:
1517:
1507:
1505:
1494:
1485:
1479:
1472:
1450:
1435:
1425:
1419:
1417:
1411:
1408:
1384:
1374:
1356:
1341:
1319:
1288:
1284:Mustafanagar
1267:
1252:
1243:Salabat Jing
1211:
1202:
1193:
1187:
1171:Robert Clive
1152:
1145:Salabat Jang
1141:
1129:
1116:
1105:Mustafanagar
1084:
1082:
1074:Salabat Jang
1065:
1059:
1058:An imperial
1057:
1037:Salabat Jang
1035:
1021:
1013:
1008:hasbul hukum
1005:
995:
988:
984:
978:
973:
969:
965:
961:
957:
947:
942:
941:However, on
940:
920:
902:
895:M. De Choisy
894:
892:
887:
885:
872:Chanda Sahib
863:
861:
848:
838:
834:
830:
826:
823:30 July 1731
822:
820:
815:
807:
803:
801:
790:
776:
743:
739:
736:
715:Mubariz Khan
702:
695:
686:
684:
671:Uppalaguptam
662:rue Vichenou
661:
658:
644:
640:
638:
621:
609:
593:
581:
579:
515:
509:
503:
497:
491:
485:
479:
473:
469:Veeravasaram
467:
464:
459:
455:
441:
440:
434:
419:
416:French India
384:
383:
331:Succeeded by
330:
325:
278:13 June 1954
235:30 July 1731
215:January 1723
165:• 1843
155:• 1885
145:• 1936
135:• 1948
92:Coat of arms
36:
6631: /
6593:Claimed by
6587:Claimed by
6472:Adélie Land
6390:Sui generis
6121:Cochinchina
5938:Saint Lucia
5692:Upper Volta
5635:West Africa
4774:3 September
3878:Irfan Habib
3686:Pondicherry
3584:Pondicherry
3530:1 July 1963
3520:28 May 1956
3487:1 July 1963
3453:1 July 1963
3404:2 May 1950
3379:1 July 1963
3330:Referendum
3327:Liberation
3307:Masulipatam
3237:, Mahe and
3231:Pondicherry
3157:Pondicherry
3142:Kewal Singh
3126:Pondicherry
3111:Kewal Singh
3051:Kewal Singh
2926:and Press.
2718:Pondichéry
2696:Pondichéry
2674:Pondichéry
2612:Masi Magham
2485:Ayudha Puja
2273:Good Friday
2034:Court House
1950:(Congress).
1842:1946 Decree
1830:1878 Decree
1818:1872 Decree
1802:1871 Decree
1787:P.Condaya,
1748:mazulipatam
1687:1840 Decree
1675:Rajahmundry
1581:storm surge
1272:Rajahmundry
1256:Masulipatam
1245:for lawful
1237:for lawful
1175:Vizagapatam
1167:South India
1101:Rajahmundry
1066:14 May 1753
974:Pondicherry
831:M. Guillard
827:M. Guillard
744:M. Guillard
675:Katrenikona
610:Saalivandru
597:Nīlikunḍīlu
563:Rajahmundry
511:Draksharama
426:Early years
326:Preceded by
269:Coup d'État
201:Imperialism
6646:Categories
6589:Madagascar
6498:Saint Paul
6330:Martinique
6325:Guadeloupe
6080:Pondichéry
5791:Madagascar
5663:Mauritania
5474:Sa Majesté
3712:References
3691:Puducherry
3554:Nettapacom
3348:Pondichéry
3219:Kiran Bedi
3214:Puducherry
3108:, Hon'ble
3055:Pondichéry
3025:Pondichéry
2886:pro-French
2247:Mardi Gras
2095:Socialists
2066:Pondichéry
2019:See also:
1921:See also:
1872:See also:
1789:interprête
1775:interprête
1671:C.P. Brown
1647:Neelapalle
1556:1793–1816
1520:Pondichéry
1501:Pondichéry
1454:1778–1785
1420:Article IX
1399:commandant
1390:Pondichéry
1323:1758–1765
1295:Peddapuram
1264:Pondichéry
1219:Coromandel
1194:Article XI
1121:Aurangabad
979:Since the
927:Nasir Jung
925:, his son
923:Asaf Jah I
740:M. Fouquet
687:M. Courton
641:Draksharam
618:Neelapalli
493:Neelapalli
475:Narsapuram
122:Population
116:Pondichéry
6595:Mauritius
6454: (
5864:Louisiana
5745:Cameroons
5432:The word
5359:The Hindu
5259:The Hindu
3951:"History"
3128:, Yanam,
3095:Monsieur
2784:Karaikal
2762:Karaikal
2740:Karaikal
2588:Kari naal
2511:Deepavali
2335:Christian
2329:Christmas
2309:Christian
2283:Christian
2253:Christian
2227:Christian
2201:Christian
2172:(14 July)
2030:Town Hall
2026:La Mairie
1617:Tallarevu
1526:, by the
1280:Zamindars
1183:Shah Alam
1093:Chicacole
847:, in the
779:Gajapatis
505:Palakollu
6350:Overseas
6310:Overseas
6168:Damascus
6117:Vietnam
6108:Cambodia
6085:Karaikal
5902:Dominica
5697:Togoland
5412:Sūrasāni
3903:3 August
3880:(1982).
3665:See also
3588:Karaikal
3287:Pakistan
3235:Karaikal
3155:visited
3138:de facto
3104:). Then
2969:de facto
2955:de facto
2950:of Yanam
2845:Godavari
2407:Muharram
2221:Epiphany
2078:Congress
1963:(Ind.);
1753:Justice
1732:écrivain
1364:teakwood
1181:emperor
1151:under a
1085:paravana
1049:Kondavid
970:Karaikal
903:paravana
888:paravana
864:paravana
844:Venjaram
840:paragana
804:paravana
764:, 1733,
649:Vemagiri
533:Paragana
529:Village
520:(1734).
514:(1633),
508:(1613),
490:(1759),
484:(1708),
472:(1634),
188:Republic
6619:82°13′E
6616:16°44′N
6583:Comoros
6340:Réunion
6335:Mayotte
6253:Present
6211:Vanuatu
6199:Oceania
5971:Berbice
5907:Grenada
5763:Anjouan
5755:Comoros
5707:Albreda
5680:Senegal
5648:Dahomey
5625:Tunisia
5620:Morocco
5615:Algeria
5443:Īnāmdār
5062:31 July
4424:31 July
4402:31 July
3592:Kizhoor
3428:Karikal
3352:Partial
3342:Merger
3178:de jure
3134:Karikal
3033:cruiser
2990:de jure
2851:, then
2832:Yanaon
2808:Yanaon
2628:Yanaon
2604:Yanaon
2580:Yanaon
2146:S. No.
2070:Karikal
2042:commune
1973:(Ind.).
1810:to the
1643:Injaram
1621:cyclone
1577:Cyclone
1227:Malabar
1163:British
1053:Circars
1024:parwānā
1001:farmānā
948:Later,
899:Sinfray
808:Fouquet
791:Tabedār
703:magasin
699:-Yanaon
697:Ingiron
558:Injaram
554:Yanaon
496:(1751),
487:Coringa
481:Injaram
460:Conjons
442:Ayanaon
398:Telugu:
389:French:
267:•
112:Capital
6163:Aleppo
6131:Tonkin
6090:Yanaon
6070:Madras
5948:Tobago
5869:Canada
5859:Acadia
5773:Mohéli
5658:Guinea
5560:Former
5438:Arabic
5436:is of
5380:2 July
5340:
5315:
5287:2 July
5265:2 July
5236:2 July
5201:
5176:8 June
5148:3 July
5142:News18
5122:3 July
5094:
5040:3 July
5036:. 1955
5012:
4985:
4958:
4857:
4806:3 July
4652:
4515:
4449:
4347:
4320:
4288:
4141:
4113:3 July
4053:
3997:
3957:3 July
3928:
3894:
3750:
3610:Andhra
3562:Bahour
3502:Yanaon
3300:French
3296:
3279:Orissa
3275:Bombay
3271:Madras
3210:Telugu
3132:, and
3086:) and
3047:Dadala
2731:Muslim
2563:Pongal
2439:Muslim
2413:Muslim
2387:Muslim
2381:Bakrid
2361:Muslim
2355:Ramzan
2050:Mairie
1953:1959:
1940:1955:
1904:1951:
1891:1946:
1808:député
1783:Police
1613:ఉప్పెన
1609:Telugu
1603:Uppena
1599:) and
1597:తుఫాను
1593:Telugu
1587:Tufānu
1508:banned
1394:Bengal
1359:livres
1345:Madras
1299:league
1268:firman
1241:, and
1231:Bengal
1179:Mughal
1154:firman
1097:Ellore
1076:, the
1064:dated
1061:firman
1016:nishān
996:firman
966:Yanaon
850:Circar
762:Bronze
758:cannon
614:minted
602:Indigo
568:Deccan
548:Empire
538:Circar
407:Tamil:
385:Yanaon
125:
56:France
6652:Yanam
6126:Annam
5981:Inini
5922:Haïti
5730:Gabon
5675:Niger
5653:Sudan
5393:Notes
5230:(PDF)
5170:(PDF)
4769:(PDF)
4554:. 3.
3571:Yanam
3534:into
3490:into
3475:N.A.
3456:into
3432:N.A.
3416:into
3398:N.A.
3382:into
3253:When
3239:Yanam
3077:Shri
3000:India
2979:India
2823:Hindu
2817:Ugadi
2799:Hindu
2775:Hindu
2753:Hindu
2709:Hindu
2687:Hindu
2665:Hindu
2643:Hindu
2617:Hindu
2593:Hindu
2569:Hindu
2543:Hindu
2517:Hindu
2491:Hindu
2465:Hindu
2149:Name
2115:Diwan
2091:– 12
2089:Yanam
2074:Yanam
1368:Rajas
1223:Orixa
1159:Nizam
1132:Bussy
1109:Subah
1089:Bussy
981:Nizam
766:Douai
606:Dutch
543:Subah
420:Yanam
299:India
286:India
169:4,000
159:4,266
149:5,220
139:5,853
32:Yanam
6500:and
6113:Laos
6075:Mahé
5725:Chad
5434:Inām
5419:sāni
5407:Inam
5382:2022
5338:ISBN
5313:ISBN
5289:2022
5267:2022
5238:2022
5199:ISBN
5178:2020
5150:2022
5124:2022
5092:ISBN
5064:2022
5042:2022
5010:ISBN
4983:ISBN
4956:ISBN
4855:ISBN
4808:2022
4776:2023
4650:ISBN
4513:ISBN
4447:ISBN
4426:2022
4404:2022
4345:ISBN
4318:ISBN
4286:ISBN
4139:ISBN
4115:2022
4051:ISBN
3995:ISBN
3959:2022
3926:ISBN
3905:2022
3892:ISBN
3748:ISBN
3586:and
3569:and
3567:Mahe
3511:N.A
3468:Mahé
3130:Mahe
2275:and
2072:and
1701:Mahé
1645:and
1473:The
1418:The
1221:and
1103:and
1020:and
998:(or
835:loge
816:loge
742:and
643:and
261:1753
248:1751
225:1727
78:Flag
3285:in
3208:in
2813:26
2789:25
2767:24
2745:23
2723:22
2701:21
2679:20
2657:19
2633:18
2609:17
2585:16
2559:15
2533:14
2507:13
2481:12
2455:11
2429:11
2403:10
2103:– 9
2097:– 3
1864:).
1717:de
842:of
628:).
6648::
5924:,
5297:^
5257:.
5246:^
5213:^
5158:^
5140:.
5115:.
5072:^
5032:.
4919:.
4884:^
4839:^
4750:.
4697:^
4556:12
4550:.
4359:^
4300:^
4227:^
4168:^
4123:^
4065:^
3940:^
3833:^
3811:^
3786:^
3762:^
3599:.
3556:,
3309:.
3277:,
3273:,
3075:,
2992:)
2971:)
2829:1
2805:1
2781:1
2759:1
2737:1
2715:1
2693:1
2671:1
2649:1
2623:1
2599:1
2575:1
2549:1
2523:1
2497:1
2471:1
2445:1
2419:1
2393:1
2377:9
2367:1
2351:8
2341:1
2325:7
2315:1
2299:6
2289:2
2269:5
2259:1
2243:4
2233:1
2217:3
2207:2
2191:2
2176:1
2165:1
2132:.
2124:,
2120:,
2113:,
2068:,
1999:.
1908:;
1895:;
1814:.
1657:,
1611::
1595::
1099:,
1095:,
1080:.
1012:,
968:,
952:,
909:,
825:.
802:A
781:.
753:A
729:.
422:.
405:,
396:,
6460:)
6279:e
6272:t
6265:v
6035:e
6028:t
6021:v
5832:e
5825:t
5818:v
5590:e
5583:t
5576:v
5545:e
5538:t
5531:v
5445:.
5384:.
5346:.
5321:.
5291:.
5269:.
5240:.
5207:.
5180:.
5152:.
5126:.
5100:.
5066:.
5044:.
5018:.
4991:.
4964:.
4863:.
4810:.
4778:.
4658:.
4521:.
4455:.
4428:.
4406:.
4371:.
4353:.
4326:.
4294:.
4147:.
4117:.
4059:.
4003:.
3961:.
3934:.
3907:.
3756:.
3565:(
3302:)
3298:(
3204:(
3100:(
3082:(
2988:(
2967:(
2953:(
2825:)
2821:(
2801:)
2797:(
2777:)
2773:(
2755:)
2751:(
2733:)
2729:(
2711:)
2707:(
2689:)
2685:(
2667:)
2663:(
2645:)
2641:(
2619:)
2615:(
2595:)
2591:(
2571:)
2567:(
2545:)
2541:(
2519:)
2515:(
2493:)
2489:(
2467:)
2463:(
2441:)
2437:(
2415:)
2411:(
2389:)
2385:(
2363:)
2359:(
2337:)
2333:(
2311:)
2307:(
2285:)
2281:(
2255:)
2251:(
2229:)
2225:(
2203:)
2199:(
2028:(
1912:.
1901:,
1791:.
1777:.
1750:.
1743:.
1734:.
1607:(
1591:(
960:(
600:(
387:(
34:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.