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129:, the writer's daughter. As of 2023, the director of the museum was Ekaterina Tolstaya, the wife of Tolstoy's great-great-grandson (and former museum director, 1994–2012) Vladimir Tolstoy. The museum contains Tolstoy's personal effects and movables, as well as his library of 22,000 volumes. The estate-museum contains the writer's mansion, the school he founded for peasant children, and a park where Tolstoy's unadorned grave is situated.
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154:, the grandfather of the writer. Nikolai lived in what is now known as the 'Volkonskiy house' before commencing to build the main, single-storey manor house in 1810, at the highest point of the estate. This was flanked by two two-storey wings, linked by decking. He also built stables, a coach-house, a bathhouse, summerhouse, and two orangeries linked by a gallery, and created a formal
335:) because cutting trees there had been forbidden since the time of his grandfather, and many trees there were over a hundred years old. The name 'place of the green wand' had been given by Tolstoy's older brother Nikolai, who said that the person who found the magic wand there would never die or be ill. He and his brother frequently sat in the darkness in the clearing and talked.
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The house passed from
Nikolai Volkonskiy to his only daughter, Princess Maria Nikolayevna Volkonskaya, the mother of Count Leo Tolstoy. Her husband, Count Nikolai Ilyich Tolstoy, a veteran of the war against Napoleon in 1812, added a second storey to the house, providing accommodation for an extended
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The
Kuzminsky wing, like the house of Leo Tolstoy, was originally part of the large house built by Tolstoy's father, and later demolished. In 1859 Tolstoy turned it into a school for the peasant children of his estate, where he practised his theories of education. After 1862, it became the home of
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Leo
Tolstoy was born on September 9, at Yasnaya Polyana. His parents died when he was very young, and he was raised there by relatives. In 1854, to pay off gambling debts, Tolstoy sold the central part of the house to a neighbour, who dismantled it and rebuilt it on his own land. Only the two wings
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there between 1873 and 1877. He wrote the novels in his study by hand in very small handwriting, with many additions and deletions and notes, and gave the draft to his wife, who made a clean copy at night, which
Tolstoy then rewrote the next day. Each chapter went through five or six drafts, and
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At the time
Tolstoy lived there, the Yasnaya Polyana estate comprised about 1,600 hectares (4,000 acres), on a gently sloping hillside with dense original forest (The Forest of the Old Order) at the upper end, and a series of four ponds at different levels. The estate had four clusters of peasant
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When he was living and working at
Yasnaya Polyana, Tolstoy awakened at 7:00 a.m., did physical exercises, and walked in the park, before starting his writing. During the harvest season he often worked in the fields with the peasants, both for physical exercise and to make his writing about
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In
October 1941, as the Germans approached Moscow, 110 crates filled with the exhibits of the museum were evacuated to Moscow, and then to Tomsk. The estate was occupied by the Germans for 45 days, who turned the Leo Tolstoy House into a hospital, and German soldiers who died in the
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After the war the Soviet
Government and the American officials at the Nuremberg Trials accused the Germans of pillaging the home; ""They destroyed the estate and museum of Leo Tolstoy, "Yasnaya Polyana" and desecrated the grave of the great writer", said
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Tolstoy's thirteen children, of whom four died in childhood, were all born at
Yasnaya Polyana. They were born on the same leather sofa where Tolstoy himself was born, which was kept in his study next to his writing desk, and is still there today.
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Long before he died
Tolstoy announced the place where he wanted to be buried: in a small clearing called "the place of the green wand", next to a long ravine in a part of the old forest called the Forest of the Old Order (Старый Заказ,
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In 1919, the Soviet Government formally put Yasnaya Polyana under the protection of the state, and in June 1921 Yasnaya Polyana was nationalized and became a state museum, receiving 3,147 visitors in its first year.
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hospital were buried around Tolstoy's grave. A fire during the occupation damaged the upper floor of the house. Following the war the estate was restored to the way it looked when
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to have Yasnaya Polyana made into a state museum. The Tsar refused, but did grant a pension to the family which allowed the house and estate to be preserved as they were.
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peasant life more realistic. He also visited the school for peasant children which he had created in one building, where he told stories to the children.
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In June 1921, the estate was nationalized and formally became the State Memorial and Nature Reserve "Museum-Estate of L. N. Tolstoy — 'Yasnaya Polyana'" (
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Tolstoy entertained almost all the important Russian cultural and artistic figures of his time at Yasnaya Polyana. His guests are known to have included
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in Moscow) is the oldest structure on the estate. It was used as a carpet factory at one time. During Tolstoy's time it housed the estate's servants.
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696:, A.A. Knopf, 1946, page 164). Anton Sterzl – Das Tolstoi-Haus, 1992, Langen Müller in der F.A. Herbig Verlagsbuchhandlung GmbH München, Germany
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Their remains were moved to another cemetery after the war, according to the narrative of excursion guides at Yasnaya Polyana.
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Tolstoy in the park in May 1908 (age 79). Taken by Prokudin-Gorsky, this was the first color photo portrait made in Russia.
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remained; Tolstoy occupied one while the other became dilapidated. He brought his wife there after their marriage in 1862.
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the younger sister of his wife, Tatyana Andreyevna Kuzminskiy, and her family. By 1897 it had become dilapidated.
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Tolstoy's grave in the "Place of the Green Wand" in the Forest of the Old Order at Yasnaya Polyana.
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is set on the estate during the German Occupation in World War 2 when it was used as a hospital.
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seven times before it was finished. All the drafts were saved by his wife and are now in the
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Tolstoy's simple bedroom, as it was when he left the house for the last time in 1910.
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An avenue of birch trees leads from the gate at Yasnaya Polyana to Tolstoy's house.
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The estate of Yasnaya Polyana was originally owned by the Kartsev family. In the
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made use of the Germans' disregard of the house's cultural value in the 1942
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Museum-estate of Leo Tolstoy "Yasnaya Polyana" at Google Cultural Institute
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Official website of Yasnaya Polyana. For the magic wand story, see also
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Large pond where Tolstoy bathed in summer and went ice-skating in winter.
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Cultural heritage monuments of federal significance in Tula Oblast
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with a cascade of ponds, and long avenues of birch and oak trees.
521:"The Tolstoys family: Modern-day descendants of the great author"
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houses for about 350 peasants living and working on the estate.
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One World, Big Screen: Hollywood, the Allies, and World War II
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and then passed to his son, general-in-chief Prince Nikolai
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Narrative of tour guides at Yasnaya Polyana, summer 2010.
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In 1911, Tolstoy's widow Sofia Alexandrovna applied to
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The Triumph of the Farmer or Industry and Parasitism
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at Yasnaya Polyana between 1862 and 1869, and wrote
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870:. Vol. 26 (11th ed.). pp. 1053–1061.
481:. Vol. 26 (11th ed.). pp. 1053–1061.
103:Tolstoy was born in the house, where he wrote both
308:The Volkonskiy house (not to be confused with the
146:, it was purchased by major-general Prince Sergey
92:. It is 12 kilometres (7.5 mi) southwest of
96:, Russia, and 200 kilometres (120 mi) from
838:Land of the Firebird, the Beauty of Old Russia
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887:Travel article in www.theglobaldispatches.com
545:Living with Leo: Tolstoy's impressive dynasty
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1557:Posthumous Notes of the Hermit Fëdor Kuzmich
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882:Official website of Yasnaya Polyana Museum
1639:Lev Tolstoy and the Russia of Nicholas II
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62:House of Leo Tolstoy in Yasnaya Polyana
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519:Guzeva, Alexandra (11 October 2021).
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706:Bennett, M. Todd (1 November 2012).
665:Official website of Yasnaya Polyana
295:Yasnaya Polyana school in 1861-1862
1151:Recollections of a Billiard-marker
784:"Steven Conte, The Tolstoy Estate"
84:, literally: "Bright Glade") is a
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1809:Historic house museums in Russia
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1499:The Kingdom of God Is Within You
1416:The Light Shines in the Darkness
856:Wright, Charles Theodore Hagberg
840:. New York: Simon and Schuster.
467:Wright, Charles Theodore Hagberg
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88:, the former home of the writer
21:Yasnaya Polyana (disambiguation)
393:. It also features in the 1990
1784:Biographical museums in Russia
1333:A Dialogue Among Clever People
1284:How Much Land Does a Man Need?
1256:Evil Allures, But Good Endures
712:. UNC Press Books. p. 4.
170:Leo Tolstoy at Yasnaya Polyana
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381:The Bald Hills estate in
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1668:Story of One Appointment
1063:The Death of Ivan Ilyich
836:Massie, Suzanne (1980).
160:English landscape garden
1735:Aylmer and Louise Maude
867:Encyclopædia Britannica
818:Tolstoy: A Russian Life
788:Newtown Review of Books
478:Encyclopædia Britannica
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405:the 2009 film version
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861:"Tolstoy, Leo"
472:"Tolstoy, Leo"
316:Grave of Leo Tolstoy
304:The Volkonskiy house
271:war documentary film
166:family of thirteen.
19:For other uses, see
1625:Christian anarchism
1515:A Letter to a Hindu
1491:What Is to Be Done?
1475:The Gospel in Brief
1440:The Cause of It All
1408:The First Distiller
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275:Moscow Strikes Back
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1642:(1928 documentary)
1620:Tolstoyan movement
1326:A Lost Opportunity
1263:Wisdom of Children
1221:Diary of a Lunatic
1186:The Porcelain Doll
813:Bartlett, Rosamund
551:, 20 November 2010
415:The Tolstoy Estate
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49:54.07611; 37.52611
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1432:The Living Corpse
1277:Promoting a Devil
1270:The Three Hermits
1111:The Forged Coupon
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686:Robert H. Jackson
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1158:The Snowstorm
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199:she recopied
197:
196:Anna Karenina
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1658:(1990 novel)
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1507:What Is Art?
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1179:Three Deaths
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939:Bibliography
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791:. Retrieved
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528:. Retrieved
524:
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332:Stariy Zakaz
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144:18th century
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120:Ясная Поляна
117:
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102:
66:
65:
25:
1794:Leo Tolstoy
1679:(2022 film)
1671:(2018 film)
1650:(1984 film)
1647:Lev Tolstoy
1634:(1912 film)
1592:Lev Lvovich
1451:Non-fiction
1039:Two Hussars
1012:Hadji Murat
928:Leo Tolstoy
821:. Profile.
772:, pp. 25–26
688:during the
611:, pp. 31–32
575:, pp. 24–25
228:Maxim Gorky
207:in Moscow.
90:Leo Tolstoy
47: /
1778:Categories
1662:2009 film)
1600:(daughter)
1582:(daughter)
1541:Unfinished
1467:Confession
1312:Kholstomer
1298:Repentance
1055:Polikúshka
847:096441841X
433:References
395:Jay Parini
377:In fiction
282:Structures
267:propaganda
236:Ilya Repin
152:Volkonskiy
148:Volkonskiy
35:37°31′34″E
32:54°04′34″N
1580:Alexandra
1354:Too Dear!
1291:The Grain
1087:The Devil
956:Childhood
403:, and in
1763:Category
1676:A Couple
1559:" (1905)
1517:" (1908)
1384:" (1911)
1377:" (1905)
1370:" (1903)
1363:" (1903)
1356:" (1897)
1349:" (1894)
1342:" (1893)
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1181:" (1859)
1174:" (1858)
1167:" (1857)
1160:" (1856)
1153:" (1855)
1146:" (1855)
1139:" (1855)
1132:" (1852)
1130:The Raid
1023:Novellas
858:(1911).
815:(2011).
770:Bartlett
760:, p. 308
745:Bartlett
733:Bartlett
656:, p. 297
654:Bartlett
644:, p. 274
642:Bartlett
623:, p. 310
609:Bartlett
597:Bartlett
573:Bartlett
561:Bartlett
509:, p. 308
492:Bartlett
469:(1911).
449:Bartlett
421:See also
224:Turgenev
1715:Related
1598:Tatyana
1165:Lucerne
964:Boyhood
793:29 June
747:, p. 25
735:, p. 32
599:, p. 38
563:, p. 22
530:30 July
451:, p. 25
133:History
1726:(1888)
1704:crater
1687:Honors
1576:(wife)
1574:Sophia
1567:Family
1552:(1884)
1533:(1910)
1525:(1909)
1510:(1897)
1502:(1894)
1494:(1886)
1486:(1884)
1478:(1883)
1470:(1882)
1462:(1851)
1443:(1910)
1435:(1900)
1427:(1891)
1419:(1890)
1411:(1886)
1403:(1886)
1172:Albert
1114:(1904)
1106:(1898)
1098:(1895)
1090:(1889)
1082:(1889)
1074:(1888)
1066:(1886)
1058:(1860)
1050:(1859)
1042:(1856)
1034:(1856)
1015:(1912)
1007:(1899)
999:(1878)
991:(1869)
983:(1863)
975:(1856)
967:(1854)
959:(1852)
948:Novels
844:
825:
758:Massie
716:
621:Massie
507:Massie
413:novel
397:novel
234:, and
98:Moscow
1594:(son)
1588:(son)
1392:Plays
972:Youth
692:(see
263:Count
158:, an
1586:Ilya
842:ISBN
823:ISBN
795:2021
714:ISBN
532:2023
248:Tsar
122:).
109:and
94:Tula
77:IPA:
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